EP1382768B1 - Sealing or insulating sheeting made of (polymer-)bitumen - Google Patents

Description

The present application is a divisional application diverted from the EP-parent application number 01 911 228.3-2303 for reasons of uniformity in accordance with Art. 82 EPC.

The present invention relates to novel sealing or insulating sheets of (polymer) bitumen, in particular for roof covering and lining of basement outer walls, as well as methods for laying such new sheets on building roofs and walls.

As is known, buildings require comprehensive sealing and insulation against external influences such as moisture and cold. Such influences are particularly exposed to roofs and basements, in particular basement outer walls, which is why a variety of sealing and insulating webs is used here, such as. Vapor barriers, vapor barriers, heat insulation, leveling layers etc.

As such webs are according to the prior art mostly multilayer, one-sided adhesive ("self-adhesive" or thermally activated, eg by "scarfing") roofing, sealing and insulating sheets of polymer bitumen without deposits (homogeneous) or with various deposits or reinforcements ( For example, aluminum foil, glass cloth, glass mesh, glass fleece, plastic fleeces and combinations of these substances) as well as with different surfaces (eg non-removable films, natural slate, colored sand particles, fine sand, talc) in the art well known.

GB-A-2.253.184 discloses sheets of plastic material adhered to the bottom side across the width of the sheet extending insulating sheets (made of stone or glass wool, polymer foam, cork, wood wool cement or expanded perlite) adjacent to each other in the longitudinal direction of the sheet in which the webs are transported and stored rolled up ("runways").

Also surfaces of synthetic films (eg PE, PP) are known, for example, serve as a base for subsequent (self-adhesive) webs or by melting (eg with an open flame or hot air) the activation of the adhesive force of the underlying layer of the same path and thus a Adhesive bond with the next following layer of the overall construction (eg roof), such as Thermal insulation, bituminous membrane, etc., allow.

The processing of the individual sealing and insulating webs is usually carried out by rolling the individual webs, which after manufacture are predominantly in the form of self-wound reels, on the ground, usually in overlapping relation to each other, to avoid impact between the webs that would pose potential problem areas. The amount of overlap may be between a few centimeters to half the width of the web, depending on the nature and purpose of the web, but is preferably in the range of 8-12 cm.

In the known self-adhesive webs, the self-adhesive surface is normally provided on the underside which, after being wound up on itself, constitutes the outside of the roll to allow the rolls to be applied to e.g. Roll roofs flat and allow them to stick to the substrate (for example concrete substrate or any underlying track or thermal insulation). The self-adhesive surface is provided with a continuous, uninterrupted cover (release layer) of paper (optionally siliconized), foil or other easily removable material to prevent the webs from sticking to the roll when the web is being processed at the construction site when rolling up the webs is peeled off and thus releases the self-adhesive surface.

The release layer covers in one piece and without any separation device on one side, the entire width of the polymer bitumen membrane with different widths (but preferably 1 m) and the entire length.

Also known are webs in which only the intended for the overlap edge self-adhesive and in the preferred width (8 - 12 cm) with one of the above covers (peel-off) is provided. Examples of such webs are found, for example, in US Application No. 4,421,807.

Also known are self-adhesive webs, in which the cover on the underside, although continuous over the entire width of the web, but their adhesion to the web only partially (eg in one, preferably longitudinal, direction or selectively at various points of the bottom) he follows.

Despite relatively good sealing and insulating performance of these prior art webs, they have a number of disadvantages.

The main problem lies in the processing of the webs, as this is limited to certain external conditions. As previously mentioned, sealing and insulating liners of e.g. Roofs and basement outer walls multi-layered, i. one course after the other, applied (glued), which - depending on the size of the area to be insulated - sometimes take many days to complete. In particular, in the case of roofing the problem arises that the respective applied webs may become soiled before gluing the next layer or may be wet in adverse weather conditions, resulting in impairments of the bond, but also the sealing and insulating performance, e.g. Blistering between the layers, can result.

For this reason, the web surfaces must be carefully cleaned and, if necessary, dried or allowed to dry prior to application of the subsequent webs, which entails additional work or waiting time and thus longer transfer times and higher costs.

In addition, the self-adhesive surfaces usually require a working temperature of at least 5 ° C, preferably at least 9-10 ° C, to ensure sufficient adhesive effect, without thermal activation would be required. At too low Processing temperatures is not only the adhesive effect during processing impaired, but it also suffers the long-term adhesive performance and thus possibly the tightness of the adhesive bond, ie it can form microchannels between the bonded surfaces over time, through which moisture gradually under the Geomembrane can get.

Finally, another problem is that the surfaces glued together form heterogeneous interfaces, i. the materials of the adhesive surface of a web and the surface of the underlying differ significantly from each other, which does not favor the adhesive effect.

US Pat. Nos. 4,091,135 and 4,386,981 disclose roof sheets having protective covers (release liners) on the adhesive surface which are longitudinally weakened by perforations or grooves or slots, or parts of the release liner from one another to deduct separately. This leaves a part of the adhesive surface continues to be protected with the release liner while laying, while from another part of the film already deducted and the same can be glued to the next track. The problem remains that at the slot locations or through the perforations through contaminants and water can reach the adhesive surface, however, remains.

No. 5,916,654 describes webs in which a strip is adhesively bonded to the adhesive surface below a slot or perforations between two sections of the release film, the purpose of which is to facilitate detachment of the release film from the adhesive surface due to the weaker adhesion of the adhesive Foil on the strip (compared to that on the adhesive surface) - is. The made of plastic or paper or a composite strip may be removed during installation or not; that is, it may be present even after the laying of such webs between them, which affects the adhesion to these sites.

The object of the invention is therefore to overcome the above problems by providing improved webs for structural waterproofing and insulation.

This object is achieved according to the invention by providing a sealing or insulating sheet of bitumen, in particular for roof covering and lining of basement outer walls, with at least one self-adhesive surface of adhesive material provided on at least a portion of one of the surfaces of the web, the or each self-adhesive surface having a peelable protective cover is provided and at least one protective cover at least one self-adhesive surface in the form of along predefined dividing lines separated peelable parts is executed, which is characterized in that the protective cover is at least one self-adhesive surface of a surface of the web at one or more predefined dividing lines in the form of multiple separating layers wherein at least one of the peripheral release liners projects beyond that edge, preferably over its entire length, to form a security strip.

The protective cover thus protects not only the self-adhesive surfaces from sticking to the other surface of the web when stored in a rolled state and from damage, but also protects after laying the ply surface. Therefore, the laying process can be significantly simplified and accelerated, since the previously complex cleaning and drying of the layer surface can be largely eliminated before applying the next layer. This not only saves time and money, but it can also be used in less favorable weather conditions than before.

Preferably, the protective cover is executed at regular intervals over the entire width of the web in the longitudinal direction in the form of several separating layers, and optionally additionally weakened by incorporated threads and / or by known measures such as slots, perforations, embossing, punching and folding in several parts removable. This increases the flexibility in laying the webs, since the web at the edge of the substrate (eg roof, Kelleraußenwand) along the separation points easier and more accurate can be cut to size. In addition, the cut-away portions of the web remain covered with protective cover and are easier to reuse.

In preferred variants, the protective coverings of the webs according to the present invention are also designed in the vicinity of at least one transverse edge, in particular both transverse edges, the web also transversely weakened and / or split in the transverse direction in order to avoid the "head butt", i. the overlapping points of the webs when laying head-to-head, just as easy and with the same advantages as in overlapping in the longitudinal direction can accomplish.

In the case of the sealing or insulating strip according to the invention, the minimum distance of the predefined separating lines preferably corresponds to the respectively adjacent edges of the width of the overlaps formed during the laying of the web in order to ensure adhesion strength and impermeability of the laid webs to one another.

b:

Breite des Sicherheitsstreifens,

d:

Dicke der Bahn,

m:

Mindestabstand der nächstgelegenen vordefinierten Trennlinie vom Rand;

ü:

Breite der Überlappungen der Bahnen beim Verlegen.

By projecting the peripheral protective covers over this edge, particularly over its entire length, to form a security strip, special protection of the edge areas is achieved. The width of this security strip preferably satisfies the following equation: $$\mathrm{b}\ge \mathrm{d}+(\mathrm{m}-\mathrm{ü}).$$

b:

Width of the security strip,

d:

Thickness of the web,

m:

Minimum distance of the nearest predefined dividing line from the edge;

ü:

Width of the overlaps of the webs during installation.

By means of such security strips, the previously exposed side surfaces of the webs can remain protected from dirt and moisture when the webs according to the invention are laid. When laying a web, the overlap after removal of the marginal protective cover of the previous web in this embodiment is not over the entire exposed self-adhesive surface but slightly offset towards the edge, so that a strip of self-adhesive surface is not covered by the underside of the web. The overhanging safety strip is bent over the edge and glued to this free self-adhesive surface, so that the side surface of the web and in turn the entire surface of all tracks remain protected with protective cover. In the preferred embodiment, the width of the security strip thus preferably corresponds at least to this released self-adhesive area, which is calculated from the above equation.

Preferred sealing sheets also further comprise at least one self-adhesive surface, including associated protective cover (s), on at least a portion of the opposing surface, whereby the adherence of the webs to each other over the cases where self-adhesive areas e.g. to adhere to non-adhesive (polymer) bitumen, is significantly improved.

If the adhesive material of the self-adhesive surfaces on one surface of the webs is the same as that of the self-adhesive surfaces on the opposite surface, which is superior to the prior art where heterogeneous interfaces, i. Interfaces between different materials, formed between the webs, the strength and durability of the adhesive bond can be maximized. Homogeneous interfaces are formed with such webs during the laying, in which case instead of adhesion forces as in the prior art, cohesion forces cause the adhesive action.

The protective covers on the self-adhesive surfaces of the opposite surface of the web are preferably the same as those of the first surface, i. weakened and / or slit, perforated, embossed, punched and / or folded, in particular at numerous points at regular intervals, in order to make the above-mentioned laying advantages come into their own on both sides, for example by incorporation of threads or tapes.

A variant of the sealing or insulating webs according to the invention provides that on at least a part of the opposite surface one or more Surface modification (s) is / are provided. Thus, instead of or in addition to self-adhesive surfaces, modified (polymer) bitumen surfaces may also be provided which prove particularly useful when the webs of the invention are laid on concrete, for example, where self-adhesion would not be sufficiently efficient but the bitumen itself is heated and fused must be to stick firmly to the ground.

The surface modifications may be selected in a known manner from non-releasable films, natural shale flakes, colored sand particles, fine sand and talc to impart desired properties to the surface, the benefits of which will be discussed in more detail later.

In another embodiment of the sealing or insulating webs according to the invention, at least a part of the opposite surface of the web may be provided with thermal insulation, preferably glued or fused. This gives known combinations of geomembranes and thermal insulation in the form of so-called runways or (shorter webs, e.g., 3-5 m) folding webs, the advantages of the invention, i. the self-adhesive with subdivided protective cover on the surface.

The thermal insulation can in known manner of polystyrene, preferably in the form of an expanded (EPS), particle or structural foam, consist, which has excellent thermal insulation properties.

All self-adhesive surfaces of the webs of the invention may be thermally activated self-adhesive surfaces or cold self-adhesive surfaces to allow installation under all weather and substrate conditions.

The (polymer) bitumen of the webs of the present invention may contain conventional wipers, eg, selected from aluminum foils, glass fabrics, glass meshes, glass webs, plastic nonwovens, and combinations thereof, around the webs To give increased rigidity and resistance to breakage and tearing and thus to protect them from damage.

All of the inventive sealing or insulating sheets may be in the form of a self-wound roll, even though they may have self-adhesive surfaces on both sides, since any adhesive surfaces may be provided with protective covers in the form of conventional release agents, e.g. Release films or release paper, are provided. Provided with thermal insulation embodiments of the invention are in turn stored as pre-assembled roll or Klappbahnen.

When laying down preferred webs according to the invention, the self-adhesive surfaces of two overlapping webs are bonded in each case, so that a homogeneous interface is formed and better adhesive adhesion and higher resistance of the bond (for example with respect to the tightness of the adhesive boundary surface) result. This makes it possible, at lower temperatures than the usual range of normally 5-10 ° C sufficient adhesive performance (immediately or optionally at Nachverklebung by increasing the temperature) of the self-adhesive surfaces to achieve, whereby a laying of the webs even at below 5 ° C is possible.

In addition, the top-side self-adhesive surfaces of the webs remain protected by the remainder of the protective cover (s) until the next layer is applied, which can eliminate costly cleaning and drying of the layer surface, which reduces the time and expense for e.g. Roofing and basement exterior wall paneling considerably lowers.

• Fig. 1 a schematisch den Aufbau einer einfachen Ausführungsform einer nicht erfindungsgemäßen Dichtungs- bzw. Isolierbahn - ohne den erfindungsgemäßen Sicherheitsstreifen - mit oberseitig vollflächiger Selbstklebefläche und Schutzabdeckung und unterseitiger Oberflächenmodifizierung des (Polymer-) Bitumens, im Querschnitt zeigt;
• Fig. 1b schematisch den Aufbau einer weiteren nicht erfindungsgemäßen Dichtungs- bzw. Isolierbahn - ohne den erfindungsgemäßen Sicherheitsstreifen - mit oberseitig vollflächiger Selbstklebefläche und Schutzabdeckung sowie unterseitig an den Längsrändern vorgesehenen Selbstklebeflächen und Schutzabdeckungen im Querschnitt zeigt;
• Fig. 1 c schematisch den Aufbau einer weiteren nicht erfindungsgemäßen Dichtungs- bzw. Isolierbahn - ohne den erfindungsgemäßen Sicherheitsstreifen - mit beidseitig vollflächigen Selbstklebeflächen und Schutzabdeckungen im Querschnitt zeigt;
• Fig. 2a schematisch in isometrischer Teilansicht die Unterseite der nicht erfindungsgemäßen Dichtungs- bzw. Isolierbahn aus Fig. 1c mit teilweise abgehobener Schutzabdeckung - wiederum ohne den erfindungsgemäßen Sicherheitsstreifen - zeigt;
• Fig. 2b schematisch in isometrischer Teilansicht die Oberseite der Ausführungsform der Dichtungs- bzw. Isolierbahn aus Fig. 1 mit vordefinierten Trennlinien in der Schutzabdeckung zeigt;
• Fig. 3a eine ähnliche isometrische Teilansicht wie Fig. 2b ist, wobei jedoch vordefinierte Trennlinien in regelmäßigen Abständen über die gesamte Breite der Bahn vorgesehen sind;
• Fig. 3b schematisch in isometrischer Teilansicht die Unterseite der Dichtungs- bzw. Isolierbahn aus Fig. 1b zeigt;
• Fig. 4a schematisch in isometrischer Teilansicht eine Ausführungsform der nicht erfindungsgemäßen Dichtungs- bzw. Isolierbahn - ohne den erfindungsgemäßen Sicherheitsstreifen - mit mehreren getrennten Schutzabdeckungs-Bahnen zeigt;
• Fig. 4b schematisch in isometrischer Teilansicht das überlappende Verlegen zweier Dichtungs- bzw. Isolierbahnen aus Fig. 4a andeutet;
• Fig. 5 schematisch die Anordnung mehrerer nicht erfindungsgemäßer Dichtungs- bzw. Isolierbahnen nach deren überlappendem Verlegen auf einem Substrat im Querschnitt zeigt;
• Fig. 6 schematisch die Anordnung mehrerer teilüberlappender Schutzabdeckungen auf der Selbstklebefläche einer nicht erfindungsgemäßen Dichtungs- bzw. Isolierbahn im Querschnitt zeigt;
• Fig. 7a schematisch in isometrischer Teilansicht eine Ausführungsform mit vordefinierter Trennlinie in Querrichtung nahe eines Kopfrandes einer nicht erfindungsgemäßen Dichtungs- bzw. Isolierbahn - ohne den erfindungsgemäßen Sicherheitsstreifen - zeigt;
• Fig. 7b die Ausführungsform aus Fig. 7a mit zusätzlich an der Unterseite vorgesehenen Wärmedämmelementen zeigt;
• Fig. 8a die Ausführungsform aus Fig. 7b schematisch im Längsquerschnitt zeigt;
• Fig. 8b eine Variante der Ausführungsform aus den Fig. 7b und 8a mit nur zwei unterseitig vorgesehenen Wärmedämmelementen zeigt;
• Fig. 8c die Ausführungsform aus Fig. 8b in zur Lagerung zusammengeklapptem Zustand ("Klappbahn") zeigt; und
• Fig. 9 schematisch die Anordnung zweier erfindungsgemäßer Dichtungs- bzw. Isolierbahnen mit überstehendem Sicherheitsstreifen nach deren überlappendem Verlegen auf einem Substrat im Querschnitt zeigt.

The present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

• Fig. 1 a shows schematically the structure of a simple embodiment of a non-inventive sealing or insulating sheet - without the security strip according to the invention - with the upper side full-surface self-adhesive surface and protective cover and underside surface modification of the (polymer) bitumen, in cross section;
• Fig. 1b shows schematically the construction of another non-inventive sealing or insulating sheet - without the security strip according to the invention - with self-adhesive surface and protective cover on the upper side and self-adhesive surfaces provided on the longitudinal edges and protective covers in cross-section;
• Fig. 1 c schematically shows the structure of another non-inventive sealing or insulating sheet - without the security strip according to the invention - with both sides full-surface self-adhesive surfaces and protective covers in cross section;
• Fig. 2a shows schematically in isometric partial view of the underside of the non-inventive sealing or insulating sheet of Figure 1c with partially lifted protective cover - again without the security strip according to the invention - shows;
• Fig. 2b shows schematically in isometric partial view the upper side of the embodiment of the sealing or insulating web of Fig. 1 with predefined dividing lines in the protective cover;
• Fig. 3a is a partial isometric view similar to Fig. 2b, but with predefined parting lines at regular intervals across the entire width of the web;
• Fig. 3b shows schematically in isometric partial view the underside of the sealing or insulating web of Fig. 1b;
• Fig. 4a shows schematically in isometric partial view an embodiment of the non-inventive sealing or insulating sheet - without the security strip according to the invention - with several separate protective cover sheets shows;
• Fig. 4b shows schematically in an isometric partial view the overlapping laying of two sealing or insulating sheets from Fig. 4a;
• Fig. 5 shows schematically the arrangement of several non-inventive sealing or insulating sheets after their overlapping laying on a substrate in cross section;
• Fig. 6 shows schematically the arrangement of several partially overlapping protective covers on the self-adhesive surface of a non-inventive sealing or insulating web in cross-section;
• Fig. 7a schematically shows an isometric partial view of an embodiment with a predefined dividing line in the transverse direction near a head edge of a non-inventive sealing or insulating web - without the security strip according to the invention - shows;
• FIG. 7b shows the embodiment of FIG. 7a with additional thermal insulation elements provided on the underside; FIG.
• Fig. 8a schematically shows the embodiment of Fig. 7b in longitudinal cross section;
• 8b shows a variant of the embodiment from FIGS. 7b and 8a with only two heat-insulating elements provided on the underside;
• Fig. 8c shows the embodiment of Fig. 8b folded in storage condition ("flap track"); and
• Fig. 9 shows schematically the arrangement of two inventive sealing or insulating sheets with protruding security strip after overlapping laying on a substrate in cross section.

Detailed description of the figures

It should be noted in advance that the variants of sealing or insulating sheets 1 shown in FIGS. 1 to 8 are only after the addition of the security strip according to the invention to embodiments of the present invention. This security strip is shown in detail in Fig. 9 and will be described in detail in connection with this figure. However, since the security strip according to the invention is relatively easy for the person skilled in the art to foresee these variants, they will nevertheless be described in detail below.

Three schematic (i.e., not to scale) cross-sectional views of sealing or insulating sheets 1 are shown in FIG. 1a shows a sealing or insulating sheet 1 of conventional (polymer) bitumen as a base material, which is provided on the upper side with a self-adhesive surface 2 of one of the conventionally used pressure-sensitive adhesive (eg bitumen SBS blends plus additives) with a layer thickness, which is usually in the range of tenths of millimeters. The (polymer) bitumen may, as mentioned above, comprise various inserts (not shown), e.g. Aluminum foils, glass cloth, glass mesh, glass fleece, plastic fleeces and combinations thereof.

In general, it should be noted that in the figures shown herein, the self-adhesive surfaces of the webs 1 according to the invention are normally (at least) provided on the top, which is preferred embodiments, since the laying of the next, overlying layer of webs without costly cleaning and drying of the surfaces can be done. Only the protective cover 3 must be removed, whereupon the self-adhesive surface 2 is clean and dry available. However, some applications of the webs according to the invention may require that also or even exclusively the underside be provided with self-adhesive surface 2. The advantage of partially peeling off the protective covers along predefined dividing lines between individual protective cover sheets is given in each case.

The self-adhesive surface 2 of the web 1 is provided with a protective cover 3 in the form of a release layer web, for example of (optionally siliconized) release paper, release films made of plastic or other easily removable materials (for example also reinforcements made of glass or plastic fabric), from damage, Pollution and wetness protected. The protective cover 3 has in the vicinity of the two longitudinal edges and in the middle of the web predefined dividing lines 4, along which the protective cover 3 is removed during the installation of the web (s) 1.

It should be noted at this point in general that the sealing or insulating sheets are at least made by a predefined dividing line 4 in the form of individual separating layer webs. Preferably, a plurality of dividing lines 4 are predefined in the webs. These dividing lines can be provided by weakenings or subdivisions of the protective cover, as disclosed in the parent application or already known in the prior art. In the following, weakenings are to be understood as meaning both those already in the production of the webs, i. before use, are provided in the protective cover 3, e.g. were applied by folding, embossing or punching the cover (prior art), as well as those that are produced only shortly before or during installation of the webs 1. In doing so, e.g. a thread (or narrow band) incorporated in the same when manufacturing the protective cover 3, e.g. made of tear-resistant plastic or metal or metal-plastic composite material or the like, pulled out to provide in the appropriate place a "weakening" line in the protective cover 3, which now represents a readily detachable by the operator when laying the webs 1, while it during storage can not come to unintentional separation of parts of the protective cover (as described in the parent application mentioned).

The underside of the web 1 is provided in Fig. 1a with a surface modification 6, which serves in addition to a minor protective effect mainly to prevent sticky at normal or higher temperature bitumen from sticking in the role. As such surface modifications are conventionally not removable Foils (which either remain unchanged when laying the web or burn off or melt in the event of possible scalding), natural slates, colored sand particles, fine sand and talcum.

Length and width of the webs 1 are not particularly limited. Usual is a width of 1 m. The length varies with the respective thickness of the web (usually 2 to 5 mm thick), but is usually in the range of 3 to 20 m, preferably 5 to 10 m, in length. For prefabricated elements in the form of runways or folding tracks consisting of thermal insulation and first layer (polymer) bituminous membrane 1, the length is in particular 3 to 5 m. Such webs will be described in more detail later.

Fig. 1 b shows a modification of the sealing or insulating sheet 1, wherein on the underside, the longitudinal edges of the web 1 are provided on both sides with strip-shaped self-adhesive 2, which in turn are covered by likewise strip-shaped protective covers 3. When laying such webs, the webs are adhered to one another at the edges, i. in those places where the webs of a layer overlap.

The distance of the predefined dividing lines 4 from the longitudinal edge is less than the width of the lower-side self-adhesive surfaces 2 in Fig. 1b. This causes the latter not only with the top-side self-adhesive surface of each previously laid web of a layer to the predefined separation line 4 (Fig. After removing the top and bottom protective covers in these areas) but also glued to the ground. If one of the width of the underside self-adhesive area corresponding distance of the predefined dividing line 4 from the longitudinal edge, it comes to the exclusive formation of homogeneous adhesive boundary surfaces. In both cases, two adhesive surfaces are brought into adhesive engagement with each other, in which instead of adhesion forces cohesive forces act, which allows a much firmer and more durable bonding.

In Fig. 1c, a variant of the embodiment of Fig. 1b can be seen, the web 1 is provided on the top and bottom over the entire surface with self-adhesive 2, which allows the adhesion of the web 1 on the ground without extreme heat.

Such embodiments of the webs 1 can each be used separately or in combination within a laid in the course of roofing or Kelleraußenwandverkleidung location. That is, a layer may consist exclusively of layers of one type, or it may, for example, different layers are laid alternately, which improves the substrate adhesion to the sole use of webs of Fig. 1a, the material consumption of adhesive and release material but against the sole use of webs can be reduced according to Fig. 1c, thus reducing the cost.

The storage of the webs before use is usually rolled up into a roll, which - due to double-sided protective covers 3 - also in the case of both sides provided with self-adhesive 2 sealing or insulating sheets 1 according to the invention and from a certain length is also preferred because the webs are easy to lay starting from such roles.

Such a more efficient and stronger bonding of the webs 1 provided with self-adhesive surfaces 2 on both sides also allows the use, i. Laying, the sealing and insulating sheets at lower temperatures, ie temperatures at which the adhesive forces of the prior art are not sufficient to produce solid adhesive bonds. The limit usually lies at a minimum of 5 ° C. With webs according to the invention laying is also possible at below 5 ° C without any problems. The lower limit varies depending on the adhesive used, but is about -3 ° C to 0 ° C in the case of gluing two cold self-adhesive surfaces.

In general, bonding surfaces must be distinguished between thermally melt-adhesive, thermally self-adhesive and cold self-adhesive surfaces. Thermally activatable adhesive, for example, the (polymer) bitumen as the main component of the web, for which, however, large amounts of heat must be supplied. The advantage lies in the fact that such thermally activated adhesive surfaces adhere very well to surfaces such as concrete and masonry (with primer). Thermally self-adhesive surfaces are provided with an adhesive (eg bitumen-SBS blends plus additives), which does not adhere at normal temperature, but is self-adhesive when low heat energy is applied, for which - depending on the adhesive mixture - solar radiation may suffice. Finally, cold self-adhesive surfaces are adhesive over a wide temperature range without any heat input. Usual is a lower limit of about 5 ° C, but according to the invention can be lowered by homogeneous bonding of two such self-adhesive surfaces even below 0 ° C.

Fig. 2a shows the underside of the embodiment of Fig. 1c with full-surface self-adhesive surface 2 and associated, partially raised protective cover 3 without predefined dividing lines 4, which are provided in this embodiment only at the top. 2b shows the top side of the webs 1 from FIGS. 1a-1c in isometric partial view (the ratio between the length and width of the webs is usually much larger). The protective cover is provided at three places 4 over the entire length of the web with predefined dividing lines. Two of the predefined dividing lines are near the two longitudinal edges, the third in the middle of the web. Again, the underside of the web shown here may be arbitrary, i. with full-surface or only partially provided adhesive surfaces 2 and associated protective covers 3 or surface-modified (polymer) bitumen.

The advantage of the divided protective covers 3 is that the surface not immediately required for the manufacture of adhesive bonding with other webs 1 of the same layer is covered and protected by the protective cover 3 until the next layer of roofing or wall covering is applied. As a result, expensive cleaning and drying of the surfaces of previously laid webs which are normally exposed according to the prior art can be dispensed with prior to the application of the next layer, which represents a significant saving in time and costs.

The subdivision of the protective cover 3 has the following further advantage: the laying of sealing or insulating webs takes place in overlapping relation to one another at the longitudinal edges, so that only one edge section of the protective cover 3 needs to be removed within one layer when laying the webs 1 for the time being. In order not to be limited to a specific laying direction, both edges are provided with predefined dividing lines 4. The remainder of the protective cover remains on the surface until the next layer is applied.

If one now reaches with the first layer of webs to the edge of the substrate, i. For example, the roof or the basement wall, the supernatant of the last track must be cut away in the longitudinal direction, the protective cover often tears or - at least partially - is undesirable withdrawn. By providing predefined dividing lines 4 also in the middle of the web, this is prevented because it can now be drawn off along this predefined dividing line 4 and the separated overhang can continue to be used since the adhesive surface remains protected with the protective cover.

A particularly preferred embodiment of the sealing and insulating web 1, although this is not according to the invention, is therefore shown in FIG. 3 a, where predefined dividing lines 4 are provided at regular intervals over the entire width of the web 1, which greatly increases the variability in the laying of the web Track - both in terms of the width of the overlaps as well as the removal of the above-mentioned protrusions at the edges of the substrate - guaranteed. The distance between the predefined dividing lines 4 can be chosen between 1 and 20 cm, preferably 2-10 cm.

The 5-12 cm usually amount of overlap between the webs 1 can thus be chosen highly variable, without deducting the protective cover 3 in its entirety or cut manually. In addition, efficient use of the removed supernatants on the substrate edges is made possible.

The predefined dividing line 4 in the middle of the webs 1 also has the advantage that when the next layer of webs is applied again, it is not necessary to remove the entire protective cover 3 at once. The laying of the next layer of layers is in turn overlapping, but not overlapping by the same width so as not to form very thick spots by several superimposed overlaps on a roof or a basement wall cladding and not in line with the critical points in terms of adhesion and tightness focus. Therefore, any next lanes are usually moved offset by half a track width. In this case, the protective cover can in turn be removed along the predefined separating lines 4 provided there.

Fig. 3b is a partial isometric view of the underside of the embodiment of Fig. 1b, where self-adhesive surfaces 2 and protective covers 3 are provided only at the longitudinal edges, which, as mentioned above, saves material and costs. The top not shown in Fig. 3b is provided over the entire surface with self-adhesive surface 2 and protective cover 3.

Fig. 4a shows a preferred sealing or insulating sheet 1 analogous to Fig. 2b. In this embodiment, the subdivision of the protective cover 3 is given exclusively by individual partial overlapping protective cover webs. In Fig. 4a are the four individual tracks, 3, 3 ', 3 "and 3"'.

The arrangement of these protective cover single sheets 3, 3 ', 3 "on the self-adhesive surface 2 of a web 1 is shown schematically in cross-section in Fig. 6. The advantage of this embodiment over that with subdivision by cuts or perforations 4 is that in the latter Embodiments may be able to penetrate dirt or moisture through the cuts or perforations 4, which is effectively prevented by the partial overlapping of the protective coverings one above the other, weakenings, regardless of whether they are stamped or embossed in advance or only on the spot by pulling out a thread or ribbon provided, but also provide better protection against dirt and moisture than cuts or perforations according to the prior art.

Preferably, the partial overlaps of the protective cover single sheets are from the edges of the web 1, i. the two outermost protective cover individual webs, in Fig. 4a, the webs 3, 3 "', are partially on the inside thereof (3', 3"), so as not to be limited to a particular laying direction.

4b schematically indicates how two webs 1 according to FIG. 4a come to lie one above the other during laying. From the lower track is part of the protective cover, i. the single web 3 of Fig. 4a, deducted, so that the self-adhesive surface 2 is exposed in the region of the longitudinal edge. Then another sheet 1 is glued overlapping, from the bottom (not shown) any protective covers are already removed. The width of the overlap 5 (indicated by the dashed lines in the figure) corresponds to the smallest distance of the partial overlap of the protective cover webs to the edge of the web 1, in FIG. 4 the distance between the partial overlap of 3 over 3 'and the edge.

In Fig. 5, the arrangement of webs 1 is shown after installation. They overlap each other by the width indicated by 5. In this area 5, the protective cover 3 has been pulled off the upper side of each web 1, so that direct bonding of two self-adhesive surfaces 2, ie cohesive bonding, is present. The protective cover on the underside of each web 1 has been completely removed, whereby full-surface contact between the substrate S and a self-adhesive surface 2 of each web 1 is given. The discernible in the drawing gap between the individual webs must not occur in practice, of course, due to the small thickness of the webs (a few mm) hardly before and care by laying easy to avoid completely.

At the top of a layer forming webs 1, except in the region of the overlaps, the protective cover 3 is still present, so that the top-side self-adhesive 2 remain protected until the next layer of web sticking from dirt and moisture.

Based on this Fig. 5, the laying process of sealing or insulating sheets can be described most suitable. Particularly preferred sealing and insulating sheets 1 of the invention - with security strips - have on both surfaces over the entire area provided self-adhesive 2 with overlying protective covers 3, at several points 4, in particular at regular intervals over the entire width of the webs, in the form of several partially overlapping separating layers (3, 3 ', 3 ", 3"'), and optionally weakened by incorporation of threads or tapes and / or split or weakened in a manner known in the art.

Laying such webs on a substrate, e.g. a roof or on a basement outer wall, takes place as follows (in Fig. 5 from right to left):

A first panel 1 is laid or glued to the substrate S at the lowest point according to the technical rules by removing any protective cover (s) 3 from the underside - i. the side facing the substrate (S) - the web 1 is / are withdrawn while the web 1 is being rolled out slowly on the substrate. Thereafter, a second web 1 is placed or adhered to the substrate S, with the first and second webs partially overlapping at their longitudinal edges 5. In turn, any protective cover (s) 3 will be peeled off the underside of the second web and at the same time Rolling of the second web, the protective cover 3 of the first web in the region of the overlap 5 along a corresponding predefined parting line 4, optionally after previously made a weakening by pulling out an incorporated thread or tape, uncovered to expose the self-adhesive surfaces 2 of both tracks in the overlapping region 5 and to bond homogeneously with each other via cohesive forces.

As a result, the third and all further webs on the substrate S and - in the region of the overlaps 5 - successively adhered to the respective preceding web in the same manner as just described until the substrate has the desired degree of coverage with webs 1; usually until it is completely covered. Finally, the last, beyond the edge of the substrate Track cut, which can preferably along a partial overlap of the protective cover (s) 3, 3 ', 3 ", 3"' or a weakening or a conventional predefined dividing line (slot, embossment, fold or groove) can take place. This cut-over supernatant is further provided with protective cover (s) and may optionally be used for the next layer - possibly as a peripheral web without having to cut a whole web 1.

Fig. 6 shows, as already mentioned, the arrangement of individual partially overlapping protective cover sheets 3, 3 ', 3 "on a self-adhesive surface 2 of a web 1, wherein the partial overlaps on the (not shown) second half of the web 1 in the opposite direction, not to to be restricted to a certain laying direction.

FIG. 7a shows a variant of the path from FIG. 2b, wherein in addition to the predefined parting lines 4 in the longitudinal direction another predefined parting line 4 is provided in the transverse direction near the transverse edge of the web 1. This additional predefined dividing line 4, e.g. in the form of partially overlapping separating layer webs, the overlap serves in the production of the so-called "head butt" when laying the webs. By this head butt is meant the collision of two webs at their transverse edges, which is e.g. in cases where the substrate to be covered is wider than the length of the web (s). Even at the head butt, the webs are laid in overlapping relationship, which is simplified by partially overlapping protective cover single sheets - or weakenings - in an analogous manner as described above.

FIG. 7b again shows a schematic isometric partial view of a further embodiment of sealing or insulating webs, heat insulating elements 7 being provided on the underside of a web 1 according to FIG. 7a. The same extend at regular intervals in the transverse direction and are glued or fused to the web 1 at the bottom.

The thermal insulation 7 usually consist of conventional polystyrene, preferably in the form of an expanded (EPS) particle or structural foam, as it has long been used for thermal insulation of buildings. However, any other suitable material for this purpose can be used as long as the advantages, i. E. the simplification of laying, preserved.

In Fig. 8a, the embodiment of Fig. 7b is shown in longitudinal cross-section. Such provided with thermal insulation 7 webs 1 allow a further time and cost reduction in the roofing or wall cladding, since two layers, namely thermal insulation and the next gasket layer, can be installed simultaneously. Storage and transport of these webs is usually in the form of so-called "runways", i. also wound into a roll, the heat-insulating elements normally facing outward. When setting suitable distances between the thermal insulation 7 but also an inverse winding is possible.

A variant of these runways is shown in Fig. 8b, wherein a web 1 are provided with upper self-adhesive surface 2, protective cover 3 and predefined dividing line 4 for the head joint on the bottom with only two more compact thermal insulation elements 7. Such webs are usually shorter than runways (only about 2-5 m) and are stored folded in the form of so-called "folding tracks", as shown in Fig. 8c.

Finally, FIG. 9 shows an actual embodiment of the present invention in cross-section, wherein at least one of the peripheral protective covers extends beyond this edge, in particular over its entire length, in order to form a security strip 3 *. In Fig. 9 is - in an analogous manner as in Fig. 5 - the overlapping laying of such webs shown. The laying direction in this illustration again corresponds to the direction from right to left, and the laying is similar to that described in connection with FIG. 5. However, in this embodiment, each web is not completely on the by pulling off the marginal part of the protective cover 3 of the previous track (along a pre-defined parting line not shown) exposed self-adhesive surface m, but something glued offset to the (left) edge, so that along the overlap ü a strip of self-adhesive surface (m-ü) is not covered by the underside of the following path. The projecting safety strip 3 * of each web is now bent over its edge and glued to this free self-adhesive surface 2, so that the (vertical) side surface of the web and in turn the entire surface of all tracks with protective cover 3 remain protected before the next Location is applied.

b:

Breite des Sicherheitsstreifens 3*,

d:

Dicke der Bahn 1,

m:

Mindestabstand der nächstgelegenen vordefinierten Trennlinie 4 vom Rand;

ü:

Breite der Überlappungen 5 der Bahnen beim Verlegen.

By means of such security strips of the invention, when the webs 1 according to the invention are laid, the hitherto exposed side surfaces of the webs can also be protected from dirt and moisture. Preferably, the width b of the security strip 3 * thus corresponds at least to this released self-adhesive area plus the thickness d of the web, as follows from the following equation: $$\mathrm{b}\ge \mathrm{d}+\left(\mathrm{m}-\ddot{\mathrm{u}}\right).$$

b:

Width of security strip 3 *,

d:

Thickness of the web 1,

m:

Minimum distance of the nearest predefined dividing line 4 from the edge;

ü:

Width of the overlaps 5 of the tracks during installation.

If b is greater than the sum of d + (m-ü), similar partial overlaps are formed by the security strips 3 * as shown in FIG. 6, which in turn additionally covers the joint between the protective covers 3 of two overlapping webs 1 and protects. This variant therefore represents a preferred embodiment of the invention.

As previously mentioned, the embodiment shown in Fig. 9 is also applicable to the variants shown in Figs. 1-8 when added thereto a security strip according to the invention.

Moreover, the present invention can be applied not only to those described above but in principle to all e.g. apply to the roofing or the insulation of basement exterior walls used types of sealing and insulating sheets - even on the used in the uppermost layer of roofing membranes, if it still at least one other flooring (for example, a floor covering, roof garden substrate, etc.) follows.

It is therefore to be understood that although the invention has been explained by reference to specific examples, numerous modifications can be made thereto which are also within the scope of the invention.

Claims (2)

1. A sealing and/or insulating sheet (1) made of bitumen, particularly for covering roofs and lining the external walls of cellars, having at least one self-adhesive surface (2) consisting of adhesive material provided on at least part of one of the faces of said sheet (1), wherein this, or each, self-adhesive surface (2) is provided with a detachable protective covering (3), wherein at least one protective covering (3) of at least one self-adhesive surface (2) is embodied as several parts being separately detachable along predefined separating lines (4),
   characterized in that said protective covering (3) of at least one self-adhesive surface (2) of a face of said sheet (1) at one or more predefined separating lines is embodied in the form of several separating layer sheets (3, 3', 3", 3'''), at least one of said separating layer sheets (3, 3''', 3""), located at the edge, projecting beyond said edge, preferably along its entire length, in order to form a safety strip (3*).
2. The sealing and/or insulating sheet according to claim 1, characterized in that the width of said safety strip (3*) satisfies the following equation: $$\mathrm{b}\ge \mathrm{d}+\left(\mathrm{m}-\ddot{\mathrm{u}}\right),$$

   

   
   where:

   b: width of the safety strip,

   d: thickness of the sheet,

   m: minimum distance between the nearest predefined separating line (4) and the edge;

   ü: width of the overlaps (5) of the sheets upon laying.

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