EP1254475B1 - Automatischer schalter mit betätigbarem elektromagnet und kurzschluss-schalter - Google Patents

Automatischer schalter mit betätigbarem elektromagnet und kurzschluss-schalter Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1254475B1
EP1254475B1 EP01903707A EP01903707A EP1254475B1 EP 1254475 B1 EP1254475 B1 EP 1254475B1 EP 01903707 A EP01903707 A EP 01903707A EP 01903707 A EP01903707 A EP 01903707A EP 1254475 B1 EP1254475 B1 EP 1254475B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
electromagnet
yoke
core portion
shell
movable
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP01903707A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1254475A1 (de
Inventor
Fabrizio Fabrizi
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
BTicino SpA
Original Assignee
BTicino SpA
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by BTicino SpA filed Critical BTicino SpA
Priority to EP01903707A priority Critical patent/EP1254475B1/de
Publication of EP1254475A1 publication Critical patent/EP1254475A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1254475B1 publication Critical patent/EP1254475B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
    • H01H71/10—Operating or release mechanisms
    • H01H71/12—Automatic release mechanisms with or without manual release
    • H01H71/24—Electromagnetic mechanisms
    • H01H71/2463—Electromagnetic mechanisms with plunger type armatures
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
    • H01H71/10—Operating or release mechanisms
    • H01H71/12—Automatic release mechanisms with or without manual release
    • H01H71/24—Electromagnetic mechanisms
    • H01H71/2454—Electromagnetic mechanisms characterised by the magnetic circuit or active magnetic elements

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an automatic switch with actuating electromagnet for short circuits.
  • a switch of this type is formed by a casing made of insulating material and having a generally parallelepipedal shape, with two broader parallel faces or sides and smaller faces corresponding, with reference to the installation conditions, to a rear face, a front face, an upper face and a bottom face.
  • the body or casing is formed by two half-shells joined together in a plane parallel to the sides and houses the various mechanical and electrical components.
  • the rear face of the body is intended for mechanical installation of the switch on the support and has a recess for receiving a support rail onto which the switch is secured by means of sliding teeth arranged on the rear wall.
  • the components for manual operation of the switch are located on the front side, and a first and second clamp for securing external electrical terminals emerge on the bottom side and top side, respectively.
  • the sides of the switch must be flat, without raised areas preventing the adjacent arrangement of several modules, and must not have apertures for access to internal components, except for those necessary and specifically designed for establishing a mechanical interconnection between adjacent modules.
  • the essential components forming part of a switch of this type which must be able to interrupt high-intensity currents, including currents in the region of several tens of amperes, include a rapid-action electromagnet for automatically opening the switch in the event of a major overload due in particular to a short circuit.
  • the electromagnet must be constructionally simple, easy to install within the body and must have optimum characteristics in terms of reliability and operational repeatability.
  • the modular dimensions of the body must have compact dimensions, in particular in the direction perpendicular to the sides of the switch, and at the same time must not give rise to significant voltage drops or losses in the copper and the iron which are the cause, under normal operating conditions (variable depending on the load), of local heating which may alter the operating characteristics of the electromagnet itself or of the other devices present in the switch, such as, for example, the bimetallic thermal protection system for preventing prolonged overloads.
  • the need for compact dimensions is difficult to reconcile with the need for a rapid opening action which requires a suitable magnetic force of attraction associated with a significantly long working stroke of the armature or the movable core and, essentially, a kinetic energy acquired as quickly as possible and sufficient to actuate the mechanism for tripping and opening the switch.
  • the magnetic circuit is composed of a first fixed cylindrical core portion, integral with a yoke for closing the flow, and a second movable cylindrical core portion, axially aligned with the first portion and separated therefrom by an air gap.
  • a hollow cylindrical plastic cap which is force-fitted onto the first core portion, acts as an axial guide for the movable portion, which is freely inserted inside the cap, and with its closed end forms a bearing stop against which the movable core is pushed by an actuating stem, freely passing inside an axial cavity of the fixed core, and in turn biased or, in other words, "polarized” by a helical compression spring which is also housed in said cavity.
  • a helical winding of conducting wire with a relatively thick circular cross-section (2-2.5 mm) for exciting the electromagnet.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide an automatic switch with actuating electromagnet for short circuits, which has structural and functional characteristics such as to overcome the abovementioned drawbacks described with reference to the known art.
  • an automatic switch comprising, housed in an insulating shell, manual setting and resetting devices, opening and closing contacts actuated by said manual devices, tripping devices for automatically opening said contacts and a rapid-action electromagnet for activating said tripping devices when an overload occurs, characterized in that said electromagnet, which is of the movable core (plunger) type, consists of:
  • the present invention overcomes the drawbacks of the known art, is able to satisfy the abovementioned requirement and provides an automatic switch which is simple and inexpensive to produce and is provided with an electromagnet for protection against short circuits which is safe, reliable, fast and effective for a vast range of currents, and which results in minimal additional losses and at the same time has small dimensions in the direction perpendicular to the sides of the switch.
  • the structure of the electromagnet allows, without diversification of the components during production, the preparation, during final assembly, of modular switches of the same type having different operating characteristics.
  • the structure and the internal ribbing of the two half-shells fit together in a suitable manner and precisely position the two half-shells, with respect to each other, as well as the various components housed in the casing relative thereto and to each other.
  • the two half-shells are fixed together by means of screws or rivets passing through holes 2,3,4,5,6 perpendicular to the plane of the drawing.
  • the modular switch shown is provided with a recess 7 on the rear side for receiving a DIN standard rail onto which it is fixed by means of toothed slides, not shown.
  • a plurality of mechanical and electrical components is housed and precisely positioned inside the casing, in particular:
  • thermo protection device bimetallic strip 10
  • magnetic protection device electromagnet 11
  • the electric arc which is produced with the opening of the contacts passes from the contact 17 onto the arc guiding electrode 21 and is extinguished in the deionizing cell.
  • opening of the contacts must be particularly rapid. This is achieved by means of a relatively powerful spring which is tensioned by the manual setting lever and part of the tripping device.
  • This energy is provided by means of excitation of the electromagnet 11, owing to the effect of the short-circuit current.
  • the structure of the electromagnet 11 is shown in detail in the exploded view in Figure 2.
  • the electromagnet comprises a magnetic core consisting of a first fixed portion 25 and a second movable portion 26 which are aligned with each other in an axial direction.
  • the prism-shaped and non-cylindrical core has, perpendicularly with respect to the axial direction, a rectangular cross-section (having in a preferred embodiment, by way of guidance, side dimensions of 3.5 x 8 mm) with slightly rounded edges and is partially housed in a tubular aligning and guiding element 27 which also has a rectangular cross-section and is made by means of extrusion or moulding of plastic, for example with a thickness in the region of 0.3-0.4 mm.
  • the fixed core portion has, in the axial direction, a cylindrical through-hole 28 with a diameter in the region of 1-1.4 mm, inside which an actuating thruster 29 made of a low-conductivity, metallic or plastic, non-magnetic material is freely inserted.
  • the fixed core portion 25 has an annular groove 30 with sides perpendicular to the core axis for fixing, by means of engagement, into a yoke 31.
  • the yoke 31 is formed from a strip of ferromagnetic material with a cross-section of, for example, in the region of 7 x 1.5-2 mm folded so as to form a rectangular frame with dimensions of about 20 x 16 mm and a height equal to the width of the strip (7 mm).
  • a recess 32 for joining, by means of engagement, with the end recess 30 in the fixed core 25 is formed in one of the shorter sides of the yoke.
  • the opposite side of the yoke has, formed in it, a rectangular recess 33 for housing one end of the tubular guide element 27 which is arranged, in a similar manner to the core portions housed therein, inside the yoke, with the smaller dimensions oriented in the direction of the heightwise extension of the frame.
  • the shorter side of the yoke, where the recess 32 is present, has fixed to it, by means of electric spot welding, a metal end-piece 16 for supporting the fixed contact of the switch, said end-piece also being provided with a recess 34 which is superimposed over the recess 32 for joining, by means of engagement, to the fixed core portion.
  • the tubular element 27 has, arranged on it, a winding 35 formed by means of a preferably flat conducting wire having a rectangular cross-section (by way of guidance, 2.4 x 1.3 mm) and folded so as to form substantially rectangular turns with the smaller thickness of the copper oriented perpendicularly with respect to the axial direction of the core.
  • the winding is completely housed inside the yoke with a dimension, in the direction of the heightwise extension of the yoke, not greater than its height.
  • Suitable recesses 36, 37 in the yoke 31 allow, without an increase in the dimensions, the ends 38, 39 of the winding to pass outside the yoke so as to be fixed, respectively, by means of soldering, to the metal end-piece 16 provided, for this purpose, with a flange 40 which extends beyond the end of the yoke, and to the terminal 9 (Fig. 1) of the switch.
  • the electromagnet structure is completed by a torsionally operating helical spring 41 with a working arm 42 hinged in a hole 43 formed in the end of the movable core 26 opposite that adjacent to the fixed core 25.
  • the function of the spring is to bias or "polarize" the movable core 26 into the rest position and to oppose the plunging force which is exerted on the latter when the electromagnet winding has, passing through it, currents which fall within normal operating conditions and therefore do not cause opening of the switch.
  • the internal ribbing inside the casing forms a seat for the stable and precise positioning of the yoke and of the end-piece 16 integral therewith (and therefore of the entire electromagnet) as well as an abutment 45 against which the end of the movable core rests and thus exactly defines the rest position relative to the fixed part and, consequently, the width of the air gap in the rest condition.
  • the helical recall spring 41 is pivotably mounted on a pin 46 which may be formed integrally with the casing (or, if it is a separate component, fixed inside the casing in a predefined position) and with its working arm 42 pushes the movable core against the abutment surface 45.
  • the force exerted by the spring depends on its pretensioned condition: this is set by fixing the end 47 of the spring in a suitable position by means of engagement in a notch formed inside the casing so that this produces a predefined angle of winding of the spring with respect to its rest configuration.
  • the casing may be provided with several notches, such as 48, 49, so as to cause the spring 42 to assume one of several possible pretensioned conditions, which may be selected during assembly, so as to define one of various working capacities of the switch, which is generally expressed in amperes (for example 15-25 50 A).
  • the recall means could also be structured in another manner, for example as a lever pivotably mounted on the pin 46 and wholly equivalent to the arm 42 and which is biased or “polarized” by means of an extension spring which is attached, on one side, to the lever and, on the other side, to a pin or notch (including one of several pins or notches) suitably arranged in the free space available between the manual setting device (13, 14) and the electromagnet 11.
  • the abutment 45 instead of being integral with the casing, may consist of a strip having a thickness defined as a function of the capacity, which is inserted into a seat in the casing.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Breakers (AREA)
  • Electromagnets (AREA)
  • Relay Circuits (AREA)
  • Control Of Direct Current Motors (AREA)
  • Lighting Device Outwards From Vehicle And Optical Signal (AREA)
  • Push-Button Switches (AREA)

Claims (5)

  1. Elektromagnet zur Verwendung in einem automatischen Schalter, wobei der Schalter, der in einer isolierenden Hülle (1) untergebracht ist, manuelle Einstell- und Pücksetzvorrichtungen (13, 14, 24), Öffnungs- und Schließkontakte (15, 17), die durch die manuellen Vorrichtungen betätigt werden, Auslösevorrichtungen (18, 19) zum automatischen Öffnen der Kontakte aufweist,
    wobei der Elektromagnet (11) vom Schnellwirkungstyp zum Aktivieren der Auslösevorrichtungen, wenn eine Überlastung auftritt, ist und einen ersten festen ferromagnetischen Kernabschnitt (25), einen zweiten bewegbaren ferromagnetischen Kernabschnitt (26), ein Flussschließjoch (31), eine durch isolierenden leitfähigen Draht gebildete Spule (35), eine elastische Rückrufeinrichtung (41) zum Auf-Abstand-Halten des zweiten bewegbaren Kernabschnitts von der ersten festen Position bei Ruhestellung aufweist,
    gekennzeichnet dadurch, dass:
    - der erste feste ferromagnetische Kernabschnitt (25) ein axiales Loch (28), in dem eine Schubvorrichtung (29) zum Betätigen der Auslösevorrichtungen (18, 19) untergebracht ist, und einen bezüglich des axialen Lochs transversalen rechteckigen Querschnitt aufweist;
    - der zweite bewegbare ferromagnetische Kernabschnitt (26) mit dem ersten Abschnitt in der Richtung des axialen Lochs ausgerichtet und in dieser Richtung bewegbar ist, wobei der zweite Abschnitt einen bezüglich dieser Richtung senkrechten rechteckigen Querschnitt aufweist;
    - der Elektromagnet ein Schlauchelement (27) aufweist, das aus einem nichtmagnetischen Material hergestellt ist und einen hohlen rechteckigen Querschnitt zum Aufnehmen und gegenseitigen Ausrichten des ersten und zweiten Abschnitts und zum Führen des in der Richtung bewegbaren zweiten Abschnitts aufweist;
    - das Flussschließjoch (31) einstückig mit dem ersten Abschnitt und durch einen ferromagnetischen Streifen, der in der Form eines Rechtecks um das Schlauchelement (27) gefaltet und mit Ausnehmungen (32, 33) an gegenüberliegenden Seiten zur Einbringung des ersten Kernabschnitts und des Schlauchelements in das Joch versehen ist, gebildet ist;
    - die Spule (35) um das Schlauchelement (27) gewickelt ist;
    - die elastische Rückrufeinrichtung (41) außerhalb des Jochs (31) angeordnet ist;
    - der zweite bewegbare Kernabschnitt mit einer bezüglich des ersten Abschnitts vordefinierten Ruhelage versehen ist, wobei mittels einer Anstoßeinrichtung (45), die außerhalb des Jochs angeordnet ist, ein Luftspalt einer vordefinierten Breite gebildet ist;
    - der zweite bewegbare Kernabschnitt über den Luftspalt auf die Betätigungsschubvorrichtung (29) einwirkt, wenn der Elektromagnet durch einen Strom in der Spule (35), der größer als eine vordefinierte Stärke ist, mit Energie versorgt ist, wobei die elastische Rückrufeinrichtung aus einer Schraubenfeder (41) mit einem Endabschnitt (47) und einem Arbeitsarm (42), die an einen Tragestift (46) in der Hülle angebracht ist, besteht, wobei der Arbeitsarm an einer Öse (43) in dem zweiten bewegbaren Kernabschnitt (26) befestigt ist, wobei der Endabschnitt (47) in eine Einkerbung (48, 49), die im Inneren der Hülle gebildet ist, eingespannt ist.
  2. Elektromagnet gemäß Anspruch 1, bei dem die Spule (35) durch einen isolierten leitfähigen Draht mit einem rechteckigen Querschnitt, der um das Schlauchelement (27) gewickelt ist, gebildet ist, wobei eine größere Seite des rechteckigen Querschnitts des Drahts dem Schlauchelement zugewandt ist.
  3. Elektromagnet gemäß Anspruch 1 oder 2, bei dem die Anstoßeinrichtung (45) aus einer Auflagefläche für den zweiten Kernabschnitt besteht, die einstückig in der Hülle (1) in einer zu einer Einrichtung (44) zum Positionieren des Jochs vordefinierten Position gebildet ist, wobei die Einrichtung ebenfalls einstückig in der Hülle gebildet ist.
  4. Elektromagnet gemäß Anspruch 1 oder 2, bei dem die Anstoßeinrichtung (45) aus einem Streifen einer geeigneten Dicke besteht, der von der Hülle (1) getrennt ist und in der Hülle (1) in einer bezüglich der Einrichtung (44) zum Positionieren des Jochs, die einstückig in der Hülle gebildet ist, vordefinierten Position untergebracht ist.
  5. Elektromagnet gemäß Anspruch 4, bei dem die Hülle (1) innen mit einer Mehrzahl von Anschlageinkerbungen (48, 49) für den Endabschnitt (47) versehen ist, um die Feder (41) mit einem selektiven Grad an Vorspannung zu versehen, der von der Einkerbung, in die der Endabschnitt eingespannt ist, abhängt.
EP01903707A 2000-02-11 2001-02-07 Automatischer schalter mit betätigbarem elektromagnet und kurzschluss-schalter Expired - Lifetime EP1254475B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP01903707A EP1254475B1 (de) 2000-02-11 2001-02-07 Automatischer schalter mit betätigbarem elektromagnet und kurzschluss-schalter

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP00830096A EP1130613B1 (de) 2000-02-11 2000-02-11 Selbstschalter mit elektromagnetischer Betätigung bei Kurzschluss
EP00830096 2000-02-11
EP01903707A EP1254475B1 (de) 2000-02-11 2001-02-07 Automatischer schalter mit betätigbarem elektromagnet und kurzschluss-schalter
PCT/EP2001/001288 WO2001059798A1 (en) 2000-02-11 2001-02-07 Automatic switch with actuating electromagnet for short circuits

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1254475A1 EP1254475A1 (de) 2002-11-06
EP1254475B1 true EP1254475B1 (de) 2007-11-21

Family

ID=8175176

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP00830096A Expired - Lifetime EP1130613B1 (de) 2000-02-11 2000-02-11 Selbstschalter mit elektromagnetischer Betätigung bei Kurzschluss
EP01903707A Expired - Lifetime EP1254475B1 (de) 2000-02-11 2001-02-07 Automatischer schalter mit betätigbarem elektromagnet und kurzschluss-schalter

Family Applications Before (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP00830096A Expired - Lifetime EP1130613B1 (de) 2000-02-11 2000-02-11 Selbstschalter mit elektromagnetischer Betätigung bei Kurzschluss

Country Status (11)

Country Link
EP (2) EP1130613B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE251796T1 (de)
AU (1) AU2001231704A1 (de)
BR (1) BR0108189A (de)
DE (2) DE60005785T2 (de)
DK (1) DK1130613T3 (de)
ES (1) ES2208252T3 (de)
MX (1) MXPA02007679A (de)
PL (1) PL198004B1 (de)
PT (1) PT1130613E (de)
WO (1) WO2001059798A1 (de)

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2883098B1 (fr) * 2005-03-09 2008-05-09 Hager Electro Sous-ensemble magnetique plat
DE102006011982B4 (de) * 2005-10-26 2009-04-02 Abb Ag Elektrisches Schaltgerät
CN101656180B (zh) * 2008-08-18 2012-08-22 湖北盛佳电器设备有限公司 电磁式短路保护断路器
CN102339694B (zh) * 2010-07-15 2014-07-09 北京翠祥电器元件有限公司 小型塑料外壳式断路器
DE102011080680A1 (de) * 2011-08-09 2013-02-14 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Ankerfeder für ein Magnetsystem eines Leitungsschutzschalters sowie Leitungsschutzschalter
CN103632899B (zh) * 2012-08-22 2016-11-09 西门子公司 微型断路器
FR3016078A1 (fr) 2013-12-27 2015-07-03 Legrand France Appareil electrique au format modulaire
CN107086161A (zh) * 2017-06-10 2017-08-22 南京日新科技有限公司 断路器内置电流采样的方法、断路器及电磁脱扣器的线圈

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ES2043090T3 (es) * 1988-03-15 1993-12-16 Abb Patent Gmbh Transmision de fuerza dentro del sistema de desconexion electromagnetico de un interruptor para el montaje de instalaciones.
DE4312950A1 (de) * 1993-04-21 1994-10-27 Abb Patent Gmbh Magnetischer Auslöser für ein elektrisches Schaltgerät
IT1275642B1 (it) * 1994-10-18 1997-10-17 Bticino Spa Interruttore automatico miniaturizzato con morsetto polifunzionale e schermo di protezione contro gli archi elettrici interni
DE4445419A1 (de) * 1994-12-20 1996-06-27 Abb Patent Gmbh Elektrisches Installationsgerät, insbesondere Leitungsschutzschalter
FR2752995B1 (fr) * 1996-08-30 1998-10-02 Schneider Electric Sa Electroaimant a noyau plongeant utilise par exemple dans un telerupteur

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2001059798A1 (en) 2001-08-16
ATE251796T1 (de) 2003-10-15
DK1130613T3 (da) 2004-01-19
PT1130613E (pt) 2003-12-31
AU2001231704A1 (en) 2001-08-20
DE60005785T2 (de) 2004-04-29
EP1130613B1 (de) 2003-10-08
ES2208252T3 (es) 2004-06-16
DE60131520D1 (de) 2008-01-03
DE60005785D1 (de) 2003-11-13
PL198004B1 (pl) 2008-05-30
EP1254475A1 (de) 2002-11-06
BR0108189A (pt) 2003-02-25
MXPA02007679A (es) 2004-02-26
EP1130613A1 (de) 2001-09-05
PL357265A1 (en) 2004-07-26

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