EP1251911A2 - Feuerwehrübungsanlage - Google Patents
FeuerwehrübungsanlageInfo
- Publication number
- EP1251911A2 EP1251911A2 EP01911369A EP01911369A EP1251911A2 EP 1251911 A2 EP1251911 A2 EP 1251911A2 EP 01911369 A EP01911369 A EP 01911369A EP 01911369 A EP01911369 A EP 01911369A EP 1251911 A2 EP1251911 A2 EP 1251911A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- fire
- fire brigade
- sensor
- smoke
- brigade system
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
- A62C99/0081—Training methods or equipment for fire-fighting
Definitions
- the invention relates to a fire brigade system with at least one fire chamber in which at least one fire mask is arranged, a flame generating device in operative connection with at least the fire mask, a smoke generating device with at least one outlet into the fire chamber, a ventilation device for the fire chamber, an emergency stop.
- Device at least for the flame generating device and smoke generating device, a parameter recording means and a control and evaluation device in operative connection with the flame generating device, the smoke generating device, the ventilation device, the emergency stop device and the parameter recording device.
- EP 0 388 447 B1 discloses a generic fire brigade system in which one or more fire rooms, each with at least one fire mask, are provided, each fire room having a floor grating and a space arranged beneath the grating, in which burner units of a flame generating device are arranged are, but this does not allow realistic flame imaging.
- the smoke generating device of the known fire training system also has its outlet in the chamber under the floor grating, which likewise does not allow realistic smoke spreading.
- Multiple sensor units are also provided per fire room in the room below the grate to detect the extinguishing agent used by a practitioner, on the basis of which the strength of the spreading fire and the amount of smoke in the fire room are then regulated.
- This known rain mechanism does not take into account a number of factors, such as the position of the practitioner and the type, arrangement, orientation and orientation of the extinguishing agent dispenser and the like, so that an actual evaluation of the performance of the practitioner is not possible, nor is the simulation of an emergency. Regardless of the performance of the practitioner, his physical resilience and the like cannot be determined or evaluated in the known device. by no means if necessary, the well-known fire brigade training facilities enable training in the early detection of typical fire situations.
- a fire brigade system in which the position of the practitioner in particular can be determined, which allows conclusions to be drawn about his hazard potential. Furthermore, the performance of the exercising person can be detected by a large number of sensors, in particular the determination as to whether the exercising person has applied a sufficient amount of extinguishing agent to the object to be deleted, so that the object cannot be re-ignited.
- the object of the present invention is to further develop the generic fire brigade system in such a way that the disadvantages of the prior art are overcome, in particular special the exercise effect for firefighters is improved, that is, the physical condition of the firefighter can be detected.
- the parameter detection means a plurality of sensors for detecting the behavior of the fire brigade system, including the behavior of the functioning of the flame generating device, the smoke generating device, the ventilation device and the emergency stop device, for detecting the hazard potential for every practitioner in the fire room and for recording the constitution and performance of each practitioner, and the control and evaluation device as a function of data acquired, stored and or calculated over time, the fire brigade system, in particular the flame generating device, the smoke generating device, the ventilation device and the emergency stop device , controls and evaluates each practitioner with regard to their hazard potential, their constitution and their performance.
- the sensors have at least one temperature sensor, in particular in wall areas around the fire dummy and in the fire dummy or in the fire dummy, at least one liquid sensor for detecting a quantity of liquid and / or a flow rate, in particular of Water, at least one gas sensor, both for detecting a gas quantity and a flow rate, in particular of oxygen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and / or propane, comprise at least one opacity sensor and / or at least one extinguishing agent sensor.
- an extinguishing agent sensor comprises at least one temperature sensor, a water or gas sensor and an opacity sensor.
- the sensors have at least one position sensor for detecting the position of each practitioner in the fire space and / or at least one sensor for detecting the condition, such as the physiological condition, of each practitioner, in particular via body temperature, heart rate, blood pressure, Development of sweat, blood oxygen level and / or posture.
- the position sensor comprises a plurality of elements arranged in the form of a regular grid in the floor of the fire chamber. It is also proposed according to the invention that the position sensor and / or the sensor for detecting the constitution of each exerciser has a satellite system and / or transmitter / receiver system comprising at least one transmitter carried by each exerciser and at least one receiver in the fire chamber.
- Preferred embodiments of the invention are characterized in that the output data of the sensors, at least in part, in particular the output data of the sensors for recording the constitution and performance of each exerciser, with previously stored model values for assessing each exerciser, in particular about stress load, responsiveness, efficiency and fire extinguishing performance, determined by the choice of extinguishing agent, extinguishing agent nozzle, orientation of the extinguishing agent nozzle, orientation of the extinguishing agent nozzle, position of the extinguishing agent nozzle or extinguishing time, can be compared and displayed.
- the ventilation device comprises at least one combustion exhaust air fan, such as in the form of a fire gas wall fan and / or roof fire gas fan, including volume flow controller, preferably with the interposition of a frequency admixer and / or frequency converter, an evacuation system, ventilation ducts and / or ducts, filters and flaps which can be controlled via the control and evaluation device.
- combustion exhaust air fan such as in the form of a fire gas wall fan and / or roof fire gas fan
- volume flow controller preferably with the interposition of a frequency admixer and / or frequency converter, an evacuation system, ventilation ducts and / or ducts, filters and flaps which can be controlled via the control and evaluation device.
- the ventilation device comprises heat recovery means.
- a means for generating essentially laminar flows such as in the form of perforated plate outlets, preferably at a speed of less than 1.5 m / s near the floor of the fire chamber, is arranged in the region of each air inlet into the fire chamber.
- smoke can be supplied in the region of each cold air inlet, in particular using a propellant, such as nitrogen or the like, in order to prolong the service life of hot smoke, in particular generated by the smoke generating device.
- the ventilation device comprises a timer and / or an air duct thermostat, in particular for maintaining a minimum temperature in the fire-fighting system, preferably above 5 ° Celsius, controlled by the control and evaluation device.
- At least one gas sensor is arranged in the air channels and is operatively connected to the control and evaluation device.
- the ventilation device and / or the smoke generating device is or are self-cleaning.
- fire spaces are provided, which are preferably centrally ventilated or ventilated.
- control and evaluation device comprises at least one processor, a memory, an operating unit, such as a keyboard, a computer mouse and / or a portable hand-held device, and a display unit, such as a screen.
- processors work locally or linked together, independently of one another or in cooperation with one another.
- the display unit and the control unit are at least partially embodied in one, preferably have a touch-sensitive screen.
- the handheld device at least partially encompasses the display unit.
- the display unit has a plurality of display areas for optional selection Monitoring of an exercise, possibly in several fire areas, displaying sensor output data, processed and / or not processed, displaying target parameters, displaying previously saved model profiles, preferably in each case in a display area.
- the components of the fire brigade system communicate with the control and evaluation device of the same via electrical and / or electromagnetic signals, digital or analog.
- errors or faults can be automatically displayed and localized by the display unit, preferably acoustically and / or optically, in particular in the floor plan of the fire service system.
- steps for diagnosing and / or correcting a detected error or a detected malfunction can be displayed on the display unit, preferably acoustically and / or optically, and / or a procedure, in particular for when predetermined threshold values of selected sensor output data are reached Ending an exercise, preferably via the emergency stop device, can be carried out automatically by the control and display unit.
- the invention is therefore based on the surprising finding that exercises by fire fighters in fire training systems can be evaluated and evaluated as soon as the control and evaluation device takes on two roles, namely not only that of controlling the components of the fire service system itself, by which flames and smoke are generated can, but additionally that of recording and evaluating feedback information via a large number of sensors, which can be divided into three groups, namely for recording data on the functioning of the components of the fire brigade system, the hazard potential of the practitioners and the constitution and performance of each practitioner , It is preferred to compare the values recorded over time with previously recorded sample values or profiles in order to obtain evaluation standards.
- the following advantages can be realized for the first time according to the invention:
- a large number of evaluable sensors for example in the form of temperature sensors in wall areas around a dummy fire and within a dummy dummy, an extinguishing technique can be detected, which is crucial for preventing growth and a further spreading of flames and thus essential for evaluating each practitioner.
- Every practitioner can be monitored throughout the entire exercise, also with regard to the physiological state, in order to be able to assess the resilience and health of each practitioner. This can also prevent a practitioner from being endangered.
- Special noise, smell and light effects as well as movements of objects can be generated in a fire chamber to enable the early detection of known flame propagation situations, such as a sudden flame spread, in particular in the form of so-called “flash-over”, “roll-over” and “Back-Draft” - phenomena that are described in detail in the unpublished DE 19959640.9.
- the instructor can change the situation in the fire room, particularly determined by smoke, opacity and or flame spread, depending on the condition and performance of each practitioner.
- a trainer can simultaneously monitor several practitioners in a fire room as well as in several fire rooms and the various elements of the complete fire brigade system using a display device and / or a handheld device, on which several pieces of information can be displayed simultaneously, and take them into account in the planning of the training process.
- a trainer can also be present during the exercise in a fire room via the hand-held device, which is particularly recommended for safety reasons when a sudden flame spread in the form of a "flash-over" is ignited.
- Faults and malfunctions in the fire brigade system according to the invention are automatically diagnosed and displayed, and a corresponding display in a floor plan of the fire brigade system is also possible, so that an immediate rectification of the fault or malfunction is ensured, if necessary automatically, provided that previously set threshold values are not exceeded. As soon as said threshold values are exceeded, an emergency stop routine is started automatically according to the invention, for safety reasons. This monitoring also serves to minimize downtime of the fire brigade system.
- Figure 1 is a screen display of a control and evaluation device of a fire brigade system according to the invention
- Figure 2 is a partial perspective view of a fire chamber of an inventive
- Figure 3 is a plan view of a fire room of a fire brigade system according to the invention in operative connection with a control and evaluation device;
- Figure 4 is a perspective view of a dummy fire
- Figure 5 is a longitudinal sectional view through a fire chamber of an inventive
- FIG. 6 is a plan view of the floor of a fire chamber of an inventive
- FIG. 7 is a view for demonstrating the mode of operation of a sensor attached to a trainee in operative connection with a control and evaluation device of a fire service system according to the invention
- FIG. 8 is a view of a ventilation device of a fire brigade breathing system according to the invention in operative connection with a control and evaluation device;
- Figure 9 is a plan view of a handheld device in operative connection with a control and
- a control and evaluation device of a fire service system can have a display unit in the form of a screen 1, from which a large amount of information can be read simultaneously by dividing the same into five screen areas la to le.
- the first screen area la shows a bedroom fire room 2 with a dummy bed 3 with a fireplace 4, a smoke generator 5, two temperature sensors 6a, 6b, two gas sensors 7a, 7b, a ventilation system, comprising an inlet 8 for essentially laminar flows and a trigger 9, an emergency stop switch 10, an extinguishing agent hose 11a with nozzle 11b and a practicing firefighter 12.
- the second screen area lb is a living room fire room 13 with a dummy dummy 14 including a fireplace 15, two temperature sensors 6c, 6d and a gas sensor 7c.
- the third screen area 1c shows a kitchen fire room 16 with a dummy cooker 17 including a fireplace 18, two temperature sensors 6e, 6f and a smoke sensor 7d.
- a display unit 19 for smoke or opacity in the fire space is shown, from which it can be seen that a smoke generator switch 20 is switched on and a high opacity of 60% is present, see also an opacity display 21.
- the fifth screen area le comprises one Clock 22. In addition to the fifth screen areas la to le just described, one is not in FIG. 1 shown operating menu provided, which can be operated by any operator or trainer using a computer mouse or by touch.
- the actual living room fire room 13 is shown with the dummy dummy 14.
- a plurality of temperature sensors 6 are provided according to the invention, namely in the form of a regular pattern in the wall area behind the dummy dummy 14 and in the dummy dummy 14, the latter sensors not being shown .
- FIG. 3 also shows the living room fire room 13 with the dummy dummy 14, the temperature sensors 6, 6c, 6d, 6g, and the extinguishing agent sensor 23, all sensors being connected to a control and evaluation device 30.
- the extinguishing technique of a practicing person in particular the pattern of the sprayed extinguishing agent and the nozzle used for this, can be determined.
- the extinguishing agent used by the practitioner can only be detected by evaluating temperature sensors, flow rate sensors and opacity sensors, the extinguishing agent sensor 23 comprising both an opacity sensor and a flow rate sensor.
- the following logical algorithm can be used for this purpose:
- carbon dioxide as an extinguishing agent can be assumed when there is a combination of a rapid drop in temperature and a high level of opacity with a low flow rate.
- FIG. 4 illustrates how realistically a fire can be simulated.
- the dummy couch 14 comprises an ignition unit 25 in operative connection with a brake medium distribution pipe 26 within a water bath 27. If, for example, liquid propane is used as the fuel, the same can be forced out of the fuel distribution pipe 26 into the water bath 27, then rises in Water bath in the form of propane gas bubbles on the water surface, at which it can be ignited above the ignition unit 25 for flame generation.
- FIG. 5 shows a sectional view through a typical fire chamber with two temperature sensors 6c, 6'c, two gas sensors 7a, 7b and the emergency stop switch 10, all sensors 6c to 7b and the emergency stop switch 10 with the control and evaluation device 30 in Active connection.
- the gas sensors 7a, 7b can be used to determine whether a gas level threshold value is exceeded, which is an indication of a dangerous situation.
- This indication together with the temperature values or temperature gradients detected via the temperature sensors 6c, 6'c, is used by the safety monitoring system to decide whether it is necessary to shut down the fire service system according to the invention, for example as in the case of actuating the emergency stop switch 10.
- Various procedures can be carried out to shut down the fire brigade rescue system according to the invention, for example comprehensively closing all fuel supply lines and activating an evacuation system, which will be described later with reference to FIG. 8.
- FIG. 6 shows the floor 28 of a fire chamber which comprises a large number of position sensor elements 29 arranged in a regular pattern.
- the position sensors sorimplantation 29, which represent, for example receiver ⁇ is the position of each exerciser, which carries a corresponding transmitter, exactly localized within the fire chamber.
- the physiological condition of each practitioner can also be recorded via this transmitter-receiver system.
- FIG. 7 shows the possibility of detecting the position and the physiological condition of an exerciser in a fire room, in which the exerciser carries around a transmitter 31 which communicates with receivers 32a, 32b and 32c, which is in operative connection with the control and evaluation device 30 stand, shown again.
- FIG. 8 shows a ventilation device which comprises a blower 33 with a rotational speed regulator 34 which is in operative connection with the control and evaluation device 30.
- all fire spaces can preferably be vented centrally via the ventilation device.
- the fire-fighting rescue system is vented separately according to the combustion exhaust air and the evacuation exhaust air, namely according to the following sequence, which is briefly described by way of example without reference to the accompanying figures:
- One or more combustion exhaust fans are used in accordance with the hot combustion air to be expected in the fire brigade system.
- the ventilation volume flows of the individual fire rooms are controlled via variable, motor-driven volume flow controllers, depending on the combustion exhaust air volume flows required in the individual fire rooms. If only a few fire spaces are vented, the corresponding fan is adjusted to the volume flow required using a frequency mixer.
- the combustion exhaust air is taken into the ventilation ducts as they emerge from a fire chamber, which when crossing a hallway in accordance with L-90 fire protection tion are executed.
- a channel system in steel sheet is carried out in externally mounted to the j whoubungsstrom equipment rooms.
- the afterflow of the combustion air also takes place via specially arranged technical rooms.
- outdoor air device parts are installed, in which filter and heater parts are located for heat recovery. Downstream are axial fans, which only compress the pressure loss from external louvre flaps as well as filter and heater parts.
- Other heat recovery registers are located in the exhaust air duct of the combustion exhaust air in the air direction in front of a fire gas fan, from which part of the heat of the combustion air is removed and, in turn, fed to the outside air register at a loss via a water pipe system and a buffer storage.
- the combustion air afterflow takes place via technical rooms due to the negative pressure in the respective fire room. Since the exhaust air is fixed for each fire area, the supply air varies according to the change in volume due to heating within each fire area.
- a perforated plate outlet is installed in the area of the air inlet into the fire area so that the inflowing air flow cannot have any direct effects on the actual fire and the space consumption in a fire room, which essentially laminar air flow at a speed of less than 1.5 m / s can flow out near the ground.
- the smoke is fed into the fire chamber by means of a nitrogen blowing agent at this inlet point for the cold air, which ensures a longer rise time of non-toxic hot smoke.
- fire rooms are ventilated by means of fire gas fans.
- the post-flow takes place, as described for a combustion air post-flow, via outside air device parts.
- the volume flows are controlled by fans with frequency converters.
- fire rooms are kept at approx. 5 ° Celsius at colder outside temperatures, which prevents freezing of water bath fire spots or extinguishing water.
- the corresponding control takes place in connection with a timer and at least one duct thermostat in the area of the fire brigade system that cools the most.
- an acoustic warning tone will sound when a first threshold value is reached, and at the same time the ventilation device is switched to higher purging.
- a second threshold value is reached, the fire brigade system, with the exception of the evacuation device, is switched off completely, the evacuation device then ensuring a 150-fold air change in the affected fire room (s).
- the ventilation device according to the invention is also suitable for regulating the room air in the fire room, depending on the training status of the practitioner.
- FIG. 9 shows a hand-held device 35 which comprises a handle 36 and a cable 37 for connection to the control and evaluation device 30 via a plug 38a and a socket 38b.
- the handheld device 35 can be transported by a trainer and in everyone Fire chamber by inserting the plug 38a k a socket 38b with the control and out
- the control bar 39 comprises an emergency stop switch 40, a switch 41 for triggering a sudden flame propagation, in particular a so-called “flash-over", a switch 42 for igniting a fireplace and a smoke switch 43 for activating a smoke generator.
- the handheld device 35 therefore increases the flexibility of the entire fire-fighting system and the safety of the practitioners.
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Emergency Management (AREA)
- Fire-Extinguishing By Fire Departments, And Fire-Extinguishing Equipment And Control Thereof (AREA)
- Respiratory Apparatuses And Protective Means (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10002349A DE10002349C2 (de) | 2000-01-20 | 2000-01-20 | Feuerwehrübungsanlage |
DE10002349 | 2000-01-20 | ||
PCT/DE2001/000222 WO2001052939A2 (de) | 2000-01-20 | 2001-01-18 | Feuerwehrübungsanlage |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1251911A2 true EP1251911A2 (de) | 2002-10-30 |
Family
ID=7628163
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP01911369A Withdrawn EP1251911A2 (de) | 2000-01-20 | 2001-01-18 | Feuerwehrübungsanlage |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20030121672A1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1251911A2 (de) |
AU (1) | AU2001240434A1 (de) |
CA (1) | CA2398379A1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE10002349C2 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2001052939A2 (de) |
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CN110852478A (zh) * | 2019-10-11 | 2020-02-28 | 南京智能仿真技术研究院有限公司 | 一种军用演习演练量化评估系统 |
RU220111U1 (ru) * | 2023-01-10 | 2023-08-25 | Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Газпром трансгаз Томск" (ООО "Газпром трансгаз Томск") | Передвижной модуль для имитации очагов пожара |
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- 2001-01-18 AU AU2001240434A patent/AU2001240434A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-01-18 CA CA002398379A patent/CA2398379A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-01-18 EP EP01911369A patent/EP1251911A2/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2001-01-18 WO PCT/DE2001/000222 patent/WO2001052939A2/de not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2001-01-18 US US10/181,664 patent/US20030121672A1/en not_active Abandoned
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Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN109003496A (zh) * | 2018-06-21 | 2018-12-14 | 青岛科技大学 | 3d油罐应急演练模拟系统及模拟方法 |
CN110852478A (zh) * | 2019-10-11 | 2020-02-28 | 南京智能仿真技术研究院有限公司 | 一种军用演习演练量化评估系统 |
RU220111U1 (ru) * | 2023-01-10 | 2023-08-25 | Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Газпром трансгаз Томск" (ООО "Газпром трансгаз Томск") | Передвижной модуль для имитации очагов пожара |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2001052939A3 (de) | 2002-02-07 |
AU2001240434A1 (en) | 2001-07-31 |
US20030121672A1 (en) | 2003-07-03 |
DE10002349A1 (de) | 2001-08-09 |
DE10002349C2 (de) | 2001-11-29 |
WO2001052939A2 (de) | 2001-07-26 |
CA2398379A1 (en) | 2001-07-26 |
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