EP1248175A2 - Parallelspannungsregler - Google Patents
Parallelspannungsregler Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1248175A2 EP1248175A2 EP02007177A EP02007177A EP1248175A2 EP 1248175 A2 EP1248175 A2 EP 1248175A2 EP 02007177 A EP02007177 A EP 02007177A EP 02007177 A EP02007177 A EP 02007177A EP 1248175 A2 EP1248175 A2 EP 1248175A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- current mirror
- current
- voltage
- source
- parallel
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05F—SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G05F3/00—Non-retroactive systems for regulating electric variables by using an uncontrolled element, or an uncontrolled combination of elements, such element or such combination having self-regulating properties
- G05F3/02—Regulating voltage or current
- G05F3/08—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable is DC
- G05F3/10—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable is DC using uncontrolled devices with non-linear characteristics
- G05F3/16—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable is DC using uncontrolled devices with non-linear characteristics being semiconductor devices
- G05F3/20—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable is DC using uncontrolled devices with non-linear characteristics being semiconductor devices using diode- transistor combinations
- G05F3/26—Current mirrors
- G05F3/265—Current mirrors using bipolar transistors only
Definitions
- the invention relates to a parallel voltage regulator with a controllable load element that connects to the output terminals of the Parallel voltage regulator is connected, a reference voltage source to set the target output voltage and a with the controllable load element and the reference voltage source connected control device.
- Parallel voltage regulators are usually used in the cases used, in which a longitudinal voltage drop, as in a Series voltage regulator occurs, is not desirable. Though the drop in longitudinal voltage at full modulation is the usual transistors used is relatively small, however the residual voltage drop always in certain applications still too big.
- a controllable one becomes parallel to the load Load element arranged by the level of the output voltage by influencing the voltage drop at the internal resistance the source can be regulated.
- the bigger the current due to the parallel load element the larger the Voltage drop across the internal resistance and the smaller consequently the voltage at the output terminals.
- the controllable load element formed by a MOSFET by an operational amplifier is controlled.
- the output voltage at a parallel regulator is equal to the input voltage led to an input of the operational amplifier while the other input is supplied with a reference voltage is. If the output voltage deviates from the reference voltage becomes the controllable load element, i.e. the MOSFET, readjusted until the voltage returns to the reference voltage equivalent.
- Parallel controllers are often used, for example, for contactless ones Chip cards are used, the load consisting essentially of one Microcontroller exists.
- the power source is through a Coil formed in which a generated by a read / write device Magnetic field induces a voltage, the height the transmitted power depends largely on how the contactless chip card is far from the read / write device is removed.
- a series regulator unsuitable for contactless chip cards because of the voltage drop the range is already shortened at the control transistor.
- very high voltages are induced when the contactless chip card in close proximity to the read / write device located. In this case, when using a Parallel voltage converter a relatively large current added via the controllable load element, the the resulting losses do not have a negative impact since enough power for the microcontroller in this case anyway is available.
- the object of the present invention is therefore one Specify parallel voltage regulator, which is also for very rapid load changes is suitable and a low quiescent current requirement having.
- the voltage regulator simple and therefore space-saving to set up.
- This task is carried out by a parallel voltage regulator solved type mentioned, characterized in that is that the control device has a first current mirror and has a second current mirror, the reference voltage source lies in the control branch of the first current mirror, the controlled branch of the first current mirror on the one hand the output voltage and on the other hand with the control branch of the second current mirror is connected and the controllable load element through the controlled branch of the second current mirror is formed.
- the inventive design of the parallel voltage regulator the controller is very fast, compared to one Operational amplifier is disadvantageous that the current amplification factor is relatively small. Hence the accuracy the regulated output voltage is relatively low, however, this is of no importance in the application described is because the allowable tolerances of the power supply of a microcontroller are relatively large. For that you can large load fluctuations that within a very short time of can climb a few milliamps into the ampere range, due to the great speed of the control loop in one sufficient accuracy can be adjusted.
- Another advantage of the inventive design of the Parallel voltage regulator lies in the great inherent stability.
- the control function has the is based on the fact that it is not a purely ohmic Load acts, but also capacities or parasitic capacities there is only one other pole. Because of the low-resistance node between the first and second current mirror this pole is very high frequency. instabilities could therefore only occur at very high frequencies are outside the range normally to be expected.
- the invention resides in the freedom from loss of voltage according to the parallel regulator principle in connection with a low quiescent current, high maximum load current and high Rule bandwidth is possible.
- a parallel voltage regulator according to the prior art is shown in FIG.
- a M0SFET T1 forms a controllable load element.
- the M0SFET T1 is controlled by an operational amplifier OP1.
- the output voltage V OUT is present at its first input 1.
- the other input 2 is supplied with a reference voltage V REF . If the output voltage deviates from the desired value specified by V REF , the MOSFET T1 is activated by the operational amplifier OP1 in such a way that the current I1 through the MOSFET T1 increases (with increasing V OUT ).
- the total current I tot that is absorbed by the circuit now increases in accordance with the increase in I1.
- an additional voltage drops across an internal resistance Ri of an external voltage source 3, by which the output voltage V OUT decreases.
- the current I1 is regulated down by the MOSFET T1, so that the initial state is restored.
- a parallel voltage regulator according to the invention is now shown in FIG.
- a controllable load element MN2 which is likewise designed as a MOSFET, is in turn located parallel to a load ZL.
- the total current I tot at the input of the voltage regulator 4 is composed essentially of the output current I L and the current I1 through the controllable load element MN2.
- a first current mirror 5 is formed by two p-channel FETs. Its control transistor MP1 is connected to an external reference voltage source V REF .
- the controlled transistor MP2 of the first current mirror 5 is connected on the source side to the output terminal located at V OUT and on the drain side to a second current mirror 6.
- the second current mirror 6 is formed by two n-channel FETs MN1 and MN2, where MN2 is the controllable load element. While the current through the control transistor MP1 of the first current mirror 5 is determined by a first current source I B1 , a second current source I B2 , which is connected between a reference potential and the drain connection of the controlled transistor MP2 of the first current mirror 5, serves to transistors in keep active area. Without this measure, the bandwidth of the circuit would be considerably reduced, since the charges that are required to control the current would always have to be built up first.
- the current I1 is calculated from the change in the gate-source voltage U GS .
- the current through transistor MP2 is g m x ⁇ U GS , where g m is the transconductance of transistor MP2.
- the current I1 is now calculated at this value multiplied by the reflection factor k2 of the second current mirror 6.
- FIG. 2 shows only one possibility of realizing the invention Parallel voltage regulator.
- transistor types can also be used, for example Bipolar transistors, such an arrangement in the figure 3 is shown.
- Bipolar transistors have the advantage over field-effect transistors that the collector current I C is dependent on the base current I B in an exponential function.
- the corresponding characteristic curve for MOSFETs is quadratic. This results in advantages in the control behavior for the bipolar transistor. With the technology used today, however, only FETs are usually available, which is why FETs are used for cost reasons, despite functional disadvantages. Bipolar transistors are only used in a few special cases. Except for the fact that pnp transistors are used instead of p-channel FETs and npn transistors are used instead of n-channel FETs, the circuit of FIG. 3 corresponds to the circuit arrangement of FIG. 2.
- Figure 4 now shows the characteristic of the output voltage the input current. It should be noted that the Current is plotted logarithmically on the X axis. about four decades is a relatively good tension stability to observe, the deviation from the nominal voltage within the tolerance range of a microcontroller in Application mentioned at the beginning for contactless chip cards lies.
- FIG. 5 shows the quotient of the output voltage V out and the input current I 0 plotted against the input current I 0 . This corresponds to the resistance of the controllable load element MN2 in parallel with the load Z L. With increasing current, the resistance decreases linearly over a large range, whereby the linearity is also maintained over four decades according to the output voltage.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Nonlinear Science (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Continuous-Control Power Sources That Use Transistors (AREA)
- Control Of Electrical Variables (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- Figur 1
- einen Parallelspannungsregler nach dem Stand der Technik,
- Figur 2
- ein erstes Ausführungsbeispiel des erfindungsgemäßen Parallelspannungsreglers,
- Figur 3
- ein zweites Ausführungsbeispiel eines erfindungsgemäßen Parallelspannungsreglers,
- Figur 4
- eine Kennlinie der Ausgangsspannung und
- Figur 5
- eine Widerstandskennlinie eines steuerbaren Lastelementes.
- 1
- erster Eingang des Operationsverstärkers
- 2
- zweiter Eingang des Operationsverstärkers
- 3
- Quelle
- 4
- Parallelspannungsregler
- 5
- erster Stromspiegel
- 6
- zweiter Stromspiegel
- MP1
- Steuertransistor des ersten Stromspiegels
- MP2
- gesteuerter Transistor des ersten Stromspiegels
- MN1
- Steuertransistor des zweiten Stromspiegels
- MN2
- gesteuerter Transistor des zweiten Stromspiegels
- ZL
- Last
- VREF
- Referenzspannungsquelle
- IB1
- erste Stromquelle
- IB2
- zweite Stromquelle
Claims (3)
- Parallelspannungsregler mit
einem steuerbaren Lastelement (MN1), das mit den Ausgangsklemmen des Parallelspannungsreglers verbunden ist, einer Referenzspannungsquelle (VREF) zur Festlegung der Sollausgangsspannung und einer mit dem steuerbaren Lastelement (MN1) und der Referenzspannungsquelle (VREF) verbundenen Regelvorrichtung,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Regelvorrichtung einen ersten Stromspiegel (5) und einen zweiten Stromspiegel (6) aufweist, wobeidie Referenzspannungsquelle (VREF) im Steuerzweig des ersten Stromspiegels (5) liegt,der gesteuerte Zweig des ersten Stromspiegels (5) einerseits mit der Ausgangsspannung (VOUT) und andererseits mit dem Steuerzweig des zweiten Stromspiegels (6) verbunden ist unddas steuerbare Lastelement (MN2) durch den gesteuerten Zweig des zweiten Stromspiegels (6) gebildet ist. - Parallelspannungsregler nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
der erste Stromspiegel (5) mit zwei p-Kanal-FETs und der zweite Stromspiegel (6) mit zwei n-Kanal-FESTs aufgebaut ist, wobeibei dem Steuertransistor (MP1) des ersten Stromspiegels (5) der Sourceanschluß mit der Referenzspannungsquelle (VREF) und der Drainanschluß mit dem Gate-Anschluß und einer ersten Stromquelle (I1) verbunden ist,bei dem gesteuerten Transistor (MP2) des ersten Stromspiegels der Source-Anschluß mit der Ausgangsspannung (VOUT) und der Drainanschluß mit dem Drainschluß des Steuertransistors (MN1) des zweiten Stromspiegels verbunden ist,bei dem Steuertransistor (MN1) des zweiten Stromspiegels (6) der Drain-Anschluß zusätzlich mit dem Gate-Anschluß verbunden ist undbei dem Steuertransistor (MN1) des zweiten Stromspiegels der Source-Anschluß mit einem Bezugspotential verbunden ist. - Parallelspannungsregler nach Anspruch 2,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
mit dem Drain-Anschluß des gesteuerten Transistors (MP2) des ersten Stromspiegels (5) zusätzlich eine zweite Stromquelle (IB2) verbunden ist.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE2001115813 DE10115813B4 (de) | 2001-03-30 | 2001-03-30 | Parallelspannungsregler |
| DE10115813 | 2001-03-30 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1248175A2 true EP1248175A2 (de) | 2002-10-09 |
| EP1248175A3 EP1248175A3 (de) | 2004-07-07 |
Family
ID=7679702
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP02007177A Withdrawn EP1248175A3 (de) | 2001-03-30 | 2002-03-28 | Parallelspannungsregler |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1248175A3 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE10115813B4 (de) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2014161676A1 (de) * | 2013-04-03 | 2014-10-09 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Messumformer zur prozessinstrumentierung und verfahren zur überwachung des zustands dessen sensors |
| EP3113331A1 (de) * | 2015-07-03 | 2017-01-04 | STmicroelectronics SA | Ferngespeiste kontaktlose karte |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP3964182B2 (ja) * | 2001-11-02 | 2007-08-22 | 株式会社ルネサステクノロジ | 半導体装置 |
| DE102005003686A1 (de) * | 2005-01-26 | 2006-08-03 | Rohde & Schwarz Gmbh & Co. Kg | Anordnung zum Glätten des einem Verbraucher zugeführten Verbraucherstromes |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2226664B (en) * | 1988-11-26 | 1992-09-09 | Motorola Inc | Shunt regulators |
| JP3494488B2 (ja) * | 1994-11-25 | 2004-02-09 | 株式会社ルネサステクノロジ | 半導体装置 |
| FR2757283B1 (fr) * | 1996-12-17 | 1999-04-16 | Sgs Thomson Microelectronics | Regulateur de tension parallele |
| US5939933A (en) * | 1998-02-13 | 1999-08-17 | Adaptec, Inc. | Intentionally mismatched mirror process inverse current source |
-
2001
- 2001-03-30 DE DE2001115813 patent/DE10115813B4/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2002
- 2002-03-28 EP EP02007177A patent/EP1248175A3/de not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2014161676A1 (de) * | 2013-04-03 | 2014-10-09 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Messumformer zur prozessinstrumentierung und verfahren zur überwachung des zustands dessen sensors |
| CN105190251A (zh) * | 2013-04-03 | 2015-12-23 | 西门子公司 | 用于过程仪表设施的测量变换器和用于监控其传感器状态的方法 |
| US9435672B2 (en) | 2013-04-03 | 2016-09-06 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Measurement transducer for process instrumentation, and method for monitoring the state of its sensor |
| CN105190251B (zh) * | 2013-04-03 | 2017-05-10 | 西门子公司 | 用于过程仪表设施的测量变换器和用于监控其传感器状态的方法 |
| EP3113331A1 (de) * | 2015-07-03 | 2017-01-04 | STmicroelectronics SA | Ferngespeiste kontaktlose karte |
| FR3038467A1 (fr) * | 2015-07-03 | 2017-01-06 | St Microelectronics Sa | Carte sans contact telealimentee |
| CN106326964A (zh) * | 2015-07-03 | 2017-01-11 | 意法半导体有限公司 | 远程供电的非接触式卡 |
| US10432023B2 (en) | 2015-07-03 | 2019-10-01 | Stmicroelectronics Sa | Remotely powered contactless card |
| CN106326964B (zh) * | 2015-07-03 | 2020-03-17 | 意法半导体有限公司 | 远程供电的非接触式卡 |
| US10978910B2 (en) | 2015-07-03 | 2021-04-13 | Stmicroelectronics Sa | Remotely powered contactless card |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE10115813A1 (de) | 2002-10-24 |
| DE10115813B4 (de) | 2004-02-26 |
| EP1248175A3 (de) | 2004-07-07 |
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