Classifications

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  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D231/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,2-diazole or hydrogenated 1,2-diazole rings
  • C07D231/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,2-diazole or hydrogenated 1,2-diazole rings not condensed with other rings
  • C07D231/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,2-diazole or hydrogenated 1,2-diazole rings not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
  • C07D231/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,2-diazole or hydrogenated 1,2-diazole rings not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with only hydrogen atoms, hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
  • A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
  • A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
  • A61K31/445—Non condensed piperidines, e.g. piperocaine
  • A61K31/4523—Non condensed piperidines, e.g. piperocaine containing further heterocyclic ring systems
  • A61K31/454—Non condensed piperidines, e.g. piperocaine containing further heterocyclic ring systems containing a five-membered ring with nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. pimozide, domperidone
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P1/00—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P17/00—Drugs for dermatological disorders
  • A61P17/14—Drugs for dermatological disorders for baldness or alopecia
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P19/00—Drugs for skeletal disorders
  • A61P19/02—Drugs for skeletal disorders for joint disorders, e.g. arthritis, arthrosis
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P29/00—Non-central analgesic, antipyretic or antiinflammatory agents, e.g. antirheumatic agents; Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs [NSAID]
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P37/00—Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P7/00—Drugs for disorders of the blood or the extracellular fluid
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D233/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings
  • C07D233/54—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
  • C07D233/56—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with only hydrogen atoms or radicals containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms, attached to ring carbon atoms
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D249/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having three nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
  • C07D249/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having three nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms not condensed with other rings
  • C07D249/08—1,2,4-Triazoles; Hydrogenated 1,2,4-triazoles
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D417/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00
  • C07D417/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing two hetero rings
  • C07D417/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D417/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00
  • C07D417/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing three or more hetero rings

Definitions

• R is alkyl
• Ri is hydrogen or alkyl
• X is NR 2 or CHNR R 3 ;
• R 2 and R 3 are each independently hydrogen, alkyl, substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl or substituted cycloalkyl; and
• n is O, 1, 2 or 3.
• the compounds of formula I are particularly useful as potent, protein kinase inhibitors and are useful in the treatment of proliferative diseases, for example, cancer, inflammation and arthritis. They may also be useful in the treatment of
• Alzheimer's disease chemotherapy-induced alopecia, and cardiovascular disease.
• the present invention provides for compounds of formula I, pharmaceutical compositions employing such compounds, and for methods of using such compounds.
• Listed below are definitions of various terms used to describe the compounds of the instant invention. These definitions apply to the terms as they are used throughout the specification (unless they are otherwise limited in specific instances) either individually or as part of a larger group.
• alkyl refers to a monovalent alkane (hydrocarbon) derived radical containing from 1 to 12, preferably 1 to 6, and more preferably 1 to 4, carbon atoms unless otherwise defined.
• An alkyl group is an optionally substituted straight, branched or cyclic saturated hydrocarbon group. When substituted, alkyl groups may be substituted with up to four substituent groups, R» as defined, at any available point of attachment. When the alkyl group is said to be substituted with an alkyl group, this is used interchangeably with "branched alkyl group”.
• Exemplary unsubstituted such groups include methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, t-butyl, isobutyl, pentyl, hexyl, isohexyl, heptyl, 4,4-dimethylpentyl, octyl, 2,2,4-trimethylpentyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl, and the like.
• substituents may include, but are not limited to, one or more of the following groups: halo (such as F, CI, Br or I), haloalkyl (such as CCI3 or CF3), alkoxy, alkylthio, hydroxy, carboxy, alkylcarbonyl, alkyloxycarbonyl, alkylcarbonyloxy, amino, carbamoyl, urea, amidinyl, or thiol.
• halo such as F, CI, Br or I
• haloalkyl such as CCI3 or CF3
• Cycloalkyl is a specie of alkyl containing from 3 to 15 carbon atoms, without alternating or resonating double bonds between carbon atoms. It may contain from 1 to 4 rings. Exemplary unsubstituted such groups include cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, etc. Exemplary substituents include one or more ofthe following groups: halogen, alkyl, alkoxy, alkyl hydroxy, amino, nitro, cyano, thiol and/or alkylthio.
• alkoxy or "alkylthio”, as used herein, denote an alkyl group as described above bonded through an oxygen linkage (-O-) or a sulfur linkage (-S-), respectively.
• alkyloxycarbonyl denotes an alkoxy group bonded through a carbonyl group.
• An alkoxycarbonyl radical is represented by the formula: -C(O)OR 5 , where the R 5 group is a straight or branched C ⁇ . 6 alkyl group.
• alkylcarbonyl refers to an alkyl group bonded through a carbonyl group.
• alkylcarbonyloxy denotes an alkylcarbonyl group which is bonded through an oxygen linkage.
• salts of compounds of formula I which are suitable for use in the methods and compositions ofthe present invention include, but are not limited to, salts formed with a variety of organic and inorganic acids such as hydrogen chloride, hydroxymethane sulfonic acid, hydrogen bromide, hydrogen iodide, methanesulfonic acid, sulfuric acid, acetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, benzenesulfonic acid, toluenesulfonic acid and various others, e.g., nitrates, phosphates, borates, tartarates, citrates, succinates, benzoates, ascorbates, salicylates, and the like.
• organic and inorganic acids such as hydrogen chloride, hydroxymethane sulfonic acid, hydrogen bromide, hydrogen iodide, methanesulfonic acid, sulfuric acid, acetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, maleic acid, fum
• salts include racemic forms as well as enantiomers, and diastereomers (such as, for example, D-tartarate and L-tartarate salts).
• pharmaceutically acceptable salts of compounds of formula I may be formed with alkali metals such as sodium, potassium and lithium; alkaline earth metals such as calcium and magnesium; organic bases such as dicyclohexylamine, tributylamine, and pyridines, and the like; and amino acids such as arginine, lysine and the like.
• All stereoisomers ofthe compounds ofthe instant invention are contemplated, either in admixture or in pure or substantially pure form.
• the definition ofthe compounds according to the invention embraces all possible stereoisomers and their mixtures. It very particularly embraces the racemic forms and the isolated optical isomers having the specified activity.
• the racemic forms can be resolved by physical methods, such as, for example, fractional crystallization, separation or crystallization of diastereomeric derivatives or separation by chiral column chromatography.
• the individual optical isomers can be obtained from the racemates by conventional methods, such as, for example, salt formation with an optically active acid followed by crystallization.
• the definition of compounds ofthe present invention includes the free base, enantiomers, diastereomers as well as pharmaceutically acceptable salts.
• pharmaceutically acceptable salts include, but are not limited to, hydrochloride, dihydrochloride, sulfate, trifluoroacetate, mixture of trifluoroacetate and hydrochloride, tartarate, fumarate, succinate, maleate, citrate, methanesulfonate, bromate and iodate salts.
• salts formed with other organic and inorganic acids such as hydroxymethane sulfonic acid, acetic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, toluenesulfonic acid and various others, e.g., nitrates, phosphates, borates, benzoates, ascorbates, salicylates, and the like.
• These salts include racemic forms as well as enantiomers and diastereomers (such as, for example, D-tartarate and L-tartarate salts).
• pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the formula I compounds may be formed with alkali metals such as sodium, potassium and lithium; alkaline earth metals such as calcium and magnesium; organic bases such as dicyclohexylamine, tributylamine, and pyridines, and the like; and amino acids such as arginine, lysine and the like.
• alkali metals such as sodium, potassium and lithium
• alkaline earth metals such as calcium and magnesium
• organic bases such as dicyclohexylamine, tributylamine, and pyridines, and the like
• amino acids such as arginine, lysine and the like.
• solvates e.g. hydrates
• Methods of solvation are generally known in the art. Accordingly, the compounds of the instant invention may be in the free or hydrate form, and may be obtained by methods exemplified by the following schemes.
• Compounds of formula I may generally be prepared, as shown in Scheme 1 , by reacting an amine of formula II with a carboxylic acid of formula III in the presence of l-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride and a base.
• Formula I compounds wherein X is NR 2 and R 2 is hydrogen may be prepared, as shown in Scheme 2, by reacting an amine of formula II with a carboxylic acid of formula IV in the presence of l-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride and a base to form an N-protected compound of formula V, and deprotecting the formula V compound with acid.
• Formula I compounds wherein X is NR 2 and R 2 is 2-hydroxyethyl may be prepared, as shown in Scheme 4, by reacting a compound of formula I wherein X is NR 2 and R 2 is hydrogen with a 2-(bromoethoxy)trialkylsilane of formula VI to form an intermediate compound of formula VII, and deprotecting the formula VI compound with an acid such as hydrogen fluoride.
• Starting amines of formula II may be prepared as shown in Scheme 5.
• An alpha-bromoketone of formula VIII may be reacted with sodium azide in"a solvent such as dimethylformamide to provide the azido ketone derivative IX, which is reduced by a reducing agent such as hydrogen in the presence of palladium on carbon catalyst, or triphenylphosphine to provide the amino ketone X.
• Compound X may alternatively be prepared by reaction ofthe alpha-bromoketone of formula VIII with hexamethylenetetramine in a solvent such as acetone to give the compound of formula XI, which is hydrolyzed by an acidic medium such as hydrochloric acid in ethanol.
• Compounds of formula X may be acylated by an agent such as 2-chloroacetyl chloride to provide amides of formula XII.
• the formula XII amides are cyclized to 2- chloromethyl oxazoles of formula XIII using a dehydrating agent such as phosphorous oxychloride in toluene.
• Reaction of the chloromethyl oxazoles of formula XIII with thiourea in a solvent such as ethanol provides the thiourea derivatives XIV, which may be reacted with 5-bromo-2-aminothiazole in the presence of a base such as potassium hydroxide in alcohol to give formula II amines.
• reaction of the chloromethyl oxazole derivatives of formula XIII with 5-thiocyano-2-aminothiazole, in the presence of a reducing agent such as sodium borohydride provides compounds of formula II.
• Preferred compounds of formula I are those wherein: R is alkyl; Ri is hydrogen;
• X is NR 2 or CHNR 2 R 3 ;
• R 2 and R 3 are each independently hydrogen, alkyl, substituted alkyl or cycloalkyl; and n is 2.
• a first group of more preferred compounds ofthe present invention are those of formula la
• a second group of more preferred compounds of this invention are those of formula lb
• R 2 is hydrogen, alkyl, substituted alkyl or cycloalkyl.
• a third group of more preferred compounds ofthe present invention are those of formula Ic
• Formula I compounds particularly useful in the methods of this invention include:
• the present invention also includes methods based upon the pharmacological properties ofthe compounds ofthe invention.
• the compounds ofthe invention, or compounds of formula I refer to the free base, enantiomers, diastereomers as well as pharmaceutically acceptable salts.
• pharmaceutically acceptable salts include, but are not limited to, hydrochloride, dihydrochloride, sulfate, trifluoroacetate, mixture of trifluoroacetate and hydrochloride, tartarate, fumarate, succinate, maleate, citrate, methanesulfonate, bromate and iodate salts.
• salts formed with other organic and inorganic acids such as hydroxymethane sulfonic acid, acetic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, toluenesulfonic acid and various others, e.g., nitrates, phosphates, borates, benzoates, ascorbates, salicylates, and the like.
• These salts include racemic forms as well as enantiomers and diastereomers (such as, for example, D-tartarate and L-tartarate salts).
• pharmaceutically acceptable salts of compounds of formula I may be formed with alkali metals such as sodium, potassium and lithium; alkaline earth metals such as calcium and magnesium; organic bases such as dicyclohexylamine, tributylamine, and pyridines, and the like; and amino acids such as arginine, lysine and the like.
• alkali metals such as sodium, potassium and lithium
• alkaline earth metals such as calcium and magnesium
• organic bases such as dicyclohexylamine, tributylamine, and pyridines, and the like
• amino acids such as arginine, lysine and the like.
• the compounds according to the invention have pharmacological properties; in particular, the compounds of formula I are inhibitors of protein kinases such as the cyclin dependent kinases (cdks), for example, cdc2 (cdkl), cdk2, cdk3, cdk4, cdk5, cdk ⁇ , cdk7 and cdk8.
• cdks cyclin dependent kinases
• novel compounds of formula I are expected to be useful in the therapy of proliferative diseases such as cancer, inflammation, arthritis, Alzheimer's disease and cardiovascular disease. These compounds may also be useful in the treatment of topical and systemic fungal infections.
• the compounds of formula I are useful in the treatment of a variety of cancers, including (but not limited to) the following:
• -carcinoma including that of the bladder, breast, colon, kidney, liver, lung, ovary, pancreas, stomach, cervix, thyroid, prostate, and skin;
• -hematopoietic tumors of lymphoid lineage including acute lymphocytic leukemia, B-cell lymphoma, and Burkett's lymphoma
• -hematopoietic tumors of myeloid lineage including acute and chronic myelogenous leukemias and promyelocytic leukemia
• tumors including melanoma, seminoma, teratocarcinoma, osteosarcoma, neuroblastoma and glioma.
• inhibitors could act as reversible cytostatic agents which may be useful in the treatment of any disease process which features abnormal cellular proliferation, e.g., neuro-fibromatosis, atherosclerosis, pulmonary fibrosis, arthritis, psoriasis, glomerulonephritis, restenosis following angioplasty or vascular surgery, hypertrophic scar formation, inflammatory bowel disease, transplantation rejection, angiogenesis, and endotoxic shock.
• cytostatic agents which may be useful in the treatment of any disease process which features abnormal cellular proliferation, e.g., neuro-fibromatosis, atherosclerosis, pulmonary fibrosis, arthritis, psoriasis, glomerulonephritis, restenosis following angioplasty or vascular surgery, hypertrophic scar formation, inflammatory bowel disease, transplantation rejection, angiogenesis, and endotoxic shock.
• Compounds of formula I may also be useful in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, as suggested by the recent finding that cdk5 is involved in the phosphorylation of tau protein (J. Biochem, 1 17, 741-749 (1995)).
• Compounds of formula I may also act as inhibitors of other protein kinases, e.g., protein kinase C, her2, rafl, MEKl, MAP kinase, EGF receptor, PDGF receptor, IGF receptor, PI3 kinase, weel kinase, Src, Abl, VEGF, and lck, and thus be effective in the treatment of diseases associated with other protein kinases.
• protein kinase C her2, rafl, MEKl
• MAP kinase e.g., EGF receptor, PDGF receptor, IGF receptor, PI3 kinase, weel kinase, Src, Abl, VEGF, and lck
• Compounds of formula I also induce or inhibit apoptosis, a physiological cell death process critical for normal development and homeostasis. Alterations of apoptotic pathways contribute to the pathogenesis of a variety of human diseases. Compounds of formula I, as modulators of apoptosis, will be useful in the treatment of a variety of human diseases with abberations in apoptosis including cancer (particularly, but not limited to, follicular lymphomas, carcinomas with p53 mutations, hormone dependent tumors of the breast, prostate and ovary, and precancerous lesions such as familial adenomatous polyposis), viral infections
• autoimmune diseases including, but not limited to, systemic lupus, erythematosus, immune mediated glomerulonephritis, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, inflammatory bowel diseases, and autoimmune diabetes mellitus
• neurodegenerative disorders including, but not limited to, Alzheimer's disease, AIDS-related dementia, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, retinitis pigmentosa, spinal muscular atrophy and cerebellar degeneration
• AIDS myelodysplastic syndromes, aplastic anemia, ischemic injury associated myocardial infarctions, stroke and reperfusion injury, arrhythmia, atherosclerosis, toxin-induced or alcohol induced liver diseases, hematological diseases (including, but not limited to, chronic anemia and aplastic anemia), degenerative diseases of the
• the formula I compounds may be used for treating chemotherapy-induced alopecia, chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia, chemotherapy-induced leukopenia or mucocitis.
• the formula I compound is preferably topically applied in the form of a medicament such as a gel, solution, dispersion or paste.
• the compounds of this invention may be used in combination with known anti-cancer treatments such as radiation therapy or with cytostatic and cytotoxic agents including, but not limited to, microtuble-stabilizing agents, microtuble- disruptor agents, alkylating agents, anti-metabolites, epidophyllotoxin, an antineoplastic enzyme, a topoisomerase inhibitor, procarbazine, mitoxantrone, platinum coordination complexes, biological response modifiers, growth inhibitors, hormonal/anti-hormonal therapeutic agents, haematopoietic growth factors, and the like.
• cytostatic and cytotoxic agents including, but not limited to, microtuble-stabilizing agents, microtuble- disruptor agents, alkylating agents, anti-metabolites, epidophyllotoxin, an antineoplastic enzyme, a topoisomerase inhibitor, procarbazine, mitoxantrone, platinum coordination complexes, biological response modifiers, growth inhibitors, hormonal/anti-hormonal therapeutic agents, haematopo
• Classes of anti-cancer agents which may be used in combination with the formula I compounds of this invention include, but are not limited to, the anthracycline family of drugs, the vinca drugs, the mitomycins, the bleomycins, the cytotoxic nucleosides, the taxanes, the epothilones, discodermolide, the pteridine family of drugs, diynenes, aromatase inhibitors, and the podophyllotoxins.
• Particluar members of those classes include, for example, paclitaxel, docetaxel, 7-O- methylthiomethylpaclitaxel (disclosed in U.S.
• Other useful anti-cancer agents which may be used in combination with the compounds ofthe present invention include, but are not limited to, estramustine, cisplatin, carboplatin, cyclophosphamide, bleomycin, tamoxifen, ifosamide, melphalan, hexamethyl melamine, thiotepa, cytarabin, idatrexate, trimetrexate, dacarbazine, L-asparaginase, camptothecin, CPT-1 1, topotecan, ara-C, bicalutamide, flutamide, leuprolide, pyridobenzoindole derivatives, interferons, interleukins, and the like.
• the compounds of this invention may be used in combination with inhibitors of farnesyl protein transferase such as those described in U.S. 6,011,029; anti-angiogenic agents such as angiostatin and endostatin; kinase inhibitors such as her2 specific antibodies; and modulators of p53 transactivation.
• Such combination products employ the compounds of this invention within the dosage range described below and the other pharmaceutically active agent within its approved dosage range.
• Compounds of formula I may be used sequentially, in any order, with known anti-cancer or cytotoxic agents when a combination formulation is inappropriate.
• the present invention also provides pharmaceutical compositions which comprise a compound of this invention and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
• the compounds of the invention, or compounds of formula I refer to the free base, enantiomers, diastereomers as well as pharmaceutically acceptable salts.
• pharmaceutically acceptable salts include, but are not limited to, hydrochloride, dihydrochloride, sulfate, trifluoroacetate, mixture of trifluoroacetate and hydrochloride, tartarate, fumarate, succinate, maleate, citrate, methanesulfonate, bromate and iodate salts.
• salts formed with other organic and inorganic acids such as hydroxymethane sulfonic acid, acetic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, toluenesulfonic acid and various others, e.g., nitrates, phosphates, borates, benzoates, ascorbates, salicylates, and the like.
• These salts include racemic forms as well as enantiomers and diastereomers (such as, for example, D-tartarate and L- tartarate salts).
• pharmaceutically acceptable salts of compounds of formula I may be formed with alkali metals such as sodium, potassium and lithium; alkaline earth metals such as calcium and magnesium; organic bases such as dicyclohexylamine, tributylamine, and pyridines, and the like; and amino acids such as arginine, lysine and the like.
• alkali metals such as sodium, potassium and lithium
• alkaline earth metals such as calcium and magnesium
• organic bases such as dicyclohexylamine, tributylamine, and pyridines, and the like
• amino acids such as arginine, lysine and the like.
• compositions of the present invention may further comprise one or more pharmaceutically acceptable additional ingredient(s) such as alum, stabilizers, antimicrobial agents, buffers, coloring agents, flavoring agents, and the like.
• additional ingredient(s) such as alum, stabilizers, antimicrobial agents, buffers, coloring agents, flavoring agents, and the like.
• the compounds and compositions of this invention may be administered orally or parenterally including the intravenous, intramuscular, intraperitoneal, subcutaneous, rectal and topical routes of administration.
• the compounds and compositions of this invention may be administered, for example, in the form of tablets or capsules, or as solutions or suspensions.
• carriers which are commonly used include lactose and corn starch, and lubricating agents such as magnesium stearate are commonly added.
• useful carriers include lactose and corn starch.
• emulsifying and/or suspending agents are commonly added.
• sweetening and/or flavoring agents may be added to the oral compositions.
• sterile solutions ofthe active ingredient(s) are usually employed, and the pH ofthe solutions should be suitably adjusted and buffered.
• the total concentration of the solute(s) should be controlled in order to render the preparation isotonic.
• a formula I compound of this invention is preferably administered to humans in an amount from about 0.001 mg/kg of body weight to about 100 mg/kg of body weight per day, more preferably from about 0.01 mg/kg of body weight to about 50 mg/kg of body weight per day, and most preferably from about 0.1 mg/kg of body weight to about 20 mg/kg of body weight per day.
• cdc2/cvclin Bl Kinase Assay cdc2/cyclin B 1 kinase activity was determined by monitoring the incorporation of 32p into histone HI. The reaction consisted of 50 ng baculovirus expressed GST-cdc2, 75 ng baculovirus expressed GST-cyclin Bl, 1 ⁇ g histone HI
• kinase buffer 50 mM Tris, pH 8.0, 10 mM MgCl2, 1 mM EGTA, 0.5 mM DTT.
• TCA cold trichloroacetic acid
• the reaction was harvested onto GF/C unifilter plates (Packard) using a Packard Filtermate Universal harvester, and the filters were counted on a Packard TopCount 96-well liquid scintillation counter (Marshak, D.R., Vanderberg, M.T., Bae, Y.S., Yu, I.J., J. of Cellular Biochemistry, 45, 391-400 (1991), incorporated by reference herein).
• cdk2/cvclin E Kinase Assay cdk2/cyclin E kinase activity was determined by monitoring the incorporation of 32p into the retinoblastoma protein.
• the reaction consisted of 2.5 ng baculovirus expressed GST-cdk2/cyclin E, 500 ng bacterially produced GST-retinoblastoma protein (aa 776-928), 0.2 ⁇ Ci 32 P ⁇ -ATP and 25 ⁇ M ATP in kinase buffer (50 mM Hepes, pH 8.0, 10 mM MgCl2, 5 mM EGTA, 2 mM DTT).
• the reaction was incubated at 30 °C for 30 minutes and then stopped by the addition of cold trichloroacetic acid (TCA) to a final concentration of 15 % and incubated on ice for 20 minutes.
• TCA cold trichloroacetic acid
• the reaction was harvested onto GF/C unifilter plates (Packard) using a Packard Filtermate Universal harvester, and the filters were counted on a Packard TopCount 96-well liquid scintillation counter.
• cdk 4/cvclin Dl Kinase Activity was determined by monitoring the incorporation of 32 P in to the retinoblastoma protein.
• the reaction consisted of 165 ng baculovirus expressed as GST-cdk4, 282 ng bacterially expressed as S-tag cyclin Dl, 500 ng bacterially produced GST-retinoblastoma protein (aa 776-928), 0.2 ⁇ Ci 32 P ⁇ - ATP and 25 ⁇ M ATP in kinase buffer (50 mM Hepes, pH 8.0, 10 mM MgCl 2 , 5 mM EGTA, 2 mM DTT).
• the reaction was incubated at 30 °C for 1 hour and then stopped by the addition of cold trichloroacetic acid (TCA) to a final concentration of 15 % and incubated on ice for 20 minutes.
• TCA cold trichloroacetic acid
• the reaction was harvested onto GF/C unifilter plates (Packard) using a Packard Filtermate Universal harvester, and the filters were counted on a Packard TopCount 96-well liquid scintillation counter (Coleman, K.G., Wautlet, B.S., Morissey, D, Mulheron, J.G., Sedman, S., Brinkley, P., Price, S., Webster, K.R. (1997) Identification of CDK4 Sequences involved in cyclin D, and pl6 binding. J. Biol. Chem. 272,30: 18869-18874, incorporated by reference herein).
• N-(3,3-Dimethyl-2-butanonyl)hexamethylenetetraminium bromide 400 g, 1.254 mol, 1 eq
• 12 N aqueous HCl 439 mL, 5.26 mol, 4.2 eq
• the reaction mixture was stirred at 75 °C for 1 h and then allowed to cool to rt.
• the resulting slurry was filtered.
• the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo and isopropyl alcohol was added.
• the solution was filtered again. Addition of 1.2 L of ether caused the desired material to precipitate from solution.
• N-Chloroacetyl-l-amino-3,3-dimethyl-2-butanone (180.13 g, 0.9398 mol, 1 eq) was combined with phosphorus oxychloride (262 mL, 2.8109 mol, 3 eq) under N 2 .
• the reaction mixture was heated at 105 °C for 1 h.
• the mixture was cooled to rt and then quenched with 1.3 kg of ice.
• the aqueous phase was extracted with ethyl, acetate (IL, then 2 x 500 mL).
• the organic extracts were washed with saturated aqueous NaHCO 3 (4 x 1 L) which was back-extracted several times with ethyl acetate.
• 5-t-butyl-2-chloromethyloxazole may be prepared by reaction of a suitable chloroamide with 2 eq of Burgess' salt in tetrahydrofuran.
• 5-t-Butyl-2-(5-thioureamethyl)oxazole (1.25 g, 5 mmol, 1 eq) was added to a mixture of NaOH (3.0 g, 75 mmol, 15 eq), water (10 mL), toluene (10 mL), and tetrabutylammonium sulfate (50 mg, 0.086 mmol, 0.017 eq).
• 5-Bromo-2- aminothiazole hydrobromide (1.70 g, 5 mmol, 1 eq) was added and the reaction mixture was stirred at rt for 14.5 h. The mixture was diluted with water and extracted twice with ethyl acetate.
• the resultant heavy suspension was stirred at room temperature overnight then cooled in an ice- bath and saturated aq sodium bicarbonate solution (200 mL) was added. Gas was evolved during the addition.
• the heavy suspension became homogeneous then formed a light suspension.
• the light suspension was treated with 6 g of solid sodium carbonate, heated at 60 °C for 20 minutes, and diluted with chloroform (100 mL). The aqueous phase was separated and extracted with chloroform (2 x 100 mL). The organics were combined, washed with brine (100 mL), dried (sodium carbonate and sodium sulfate), and concentrated in vacuo to give a yellow solid.
• Nipecotic acid (1.3 g, 10 mmol, 1 eq) was combined with 10 mL of dioxane, 2 mL of acetonitrile, 10 mL of water, and 10 mL of IN aqueous NaOH (1 eq).
• Di-t- butyl dicarbonate (3.3 g, 15 mmol, 1.5 eq) was added and the reaction mixture was stirred at rt overnight.
• the reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo to remove organic solvent and 10 % aqueous citric acid was added
• the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (3 x 100 mL). The organic extracts were dried over Na 2 SO , filtered through silica gel, and concentrated in vacuo.
• N-[5-[[[5-(l,l-Dimethylethyl)-2-oxazolyl]methyl]thio]-2-thiazolyl]-4- piperidinecarboxamide (66 mg, 0.17 mmol, 1 eq) was combined with glyceraldehyde (69 mg, 0.77 mmol, 4.5 eq), sodium triacetoxyborohydride (163 mg, 0.77 mmol, 4.5 eq) and 1 ,2-dichloroethane (4 mL). The resulting suspension was stirred at rt for 4 h.
• Ethyl l-(l-methylethyl)-4-piperidine carboxylate (3.6 g, 18 mmol, 1 eq) was combined with barium hydroxide octahydrate (10.4 g, 33 mmol, 1.8 eq) in a mixture of 70 mL of water with 44 L of ethanol. The mixture was heated at 60 °C for 1.3 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo and diluted with 70 mL of water. Ammonium carbonate (6.9 g, 87 mmol, 4.8 eq) was added portionwise and the reaction mixture was stirred at rt overnight. The mixture was filtered through diatomaceous earth, concentrated, and lyophilized to provide 3.1 g (100 %) of 1-(1- methylethyl)-4-piperidine carboxylic acid as a white solid.
• reaction mixture was stirred at rt for 1 h, diluted with 30 mL of water and extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 70 mL). The organic extracts were dried over Na 2 SO 4 , concentrated in vacuo, and purified by flash chromatography on silica gel eluting with a gradient of 5- 10 % triethylamine in ethyl acetate.
• Ethyl isonipecotate (1.57 g, 10 mmol, 1 eq) was combined with ((1- ethoxycyclopropyl)oxy)trimethyl silane (8.7 g, 50 mmol, 5 eq) in 100 mL of methanol. Acetic acid (5.7 mL, 100 mmol, 10 eq) and molecular sieves were added. After 30 min at rt, sodium triacetoxyborohydride (2.5 g, 40 mmol, 4 eq) was added and the reaction mixture was heated at 65 °C overnight. The reaction mixture was cooled and Na 2 CO 3 (20 g) was added. The mixture was stirred at rt for 2 h and filtered through diatomaceous earth.
• the diatomaceous earth was washed with methanol.
• the filtrates were combined, concentrated in vacuo, diluted with water, and extracted with ethyl acetate.
• the organic extracts were dried, filtered through a silica gel pad, and concentrated in vacuo to provide 2.4 g of colorless liquid.
• This material was combined with barium hydroxide octahydrate (5.7 g, 18 mmol, 1.8 eq) in a mixture of 38 mL of water with 24 mL of ethanol.
• the mixture was heated at 60 °C for 1 h.
• the reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo and diluted with 38 mL of water.
• reaction mixture was stirred at rt for 1 h, diluted with water (30 mL), and extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 70 mL). The combined organic extracts were dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, concentrated in vacuo, and purified by flash chromatography on silica gel eluting with a gradient of 0-10 % triethylamine in ethyl acetate.
• N-[5-[[[5-(l,l-dimethylethyl)-2-oxazolyl]methyl]thio]-2-thiazolyl]-4- piperidinecarboxamide (1.4 g, 3.68 mmol, 1 eq) was dissolved in 30 mL of N,N- dimethylformamide and 100 mL of tetrahydrofuran.
• 2-(Bromoethoxy)-t- butyldimethylsilane (0.79 mL, 3.68 mmol, 1 eq), and NaHCO 3 were added and the reaction mixture was stirred at 50 °C for 23 h.
• N-[5-[[[5-(l,l-Dimethylethyl)-2-oxazolyl]methyl]thio]-2-thiazolyl]-l-(2- dimethyl-t-butylsilyloxyethyl)-4-piperidinecarboxamide (1.45 g, 2.7 mmol, 1 eq) was dissolved in 100 mL of acetonitrile and combined with aqueous HF (48 % aqueous, 2.5 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred for 4 h at rt. An additional 2.5 mL of aqueous HF was added, and the reaction mixture was stirred overnight.
• the enantiomers were separated by chiral HPLC (Chiral Pak AD 5 x 50 cm 20 ⁇ : eluent 10 % (0.1 % triethylamine in isopropanol) in hexanes; 45 mL/min, detection at 254 nm, loading 300 mg in 5 mL of isopropanol) to give each of the two optically pure isomers: 1.65 g of the R isomer and 1.65 g ofthe S isomer.
• the (R) isomer of Part A (1.65 g, 3.43 mmol, 1 eq) was dissolved in 10 mL of CH 2 C1 2 . Trifluoroacetic acid (6 mL) was added, and the mixture was stirred at rt for several hours. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo and neutralized with saturated aqueous NaHCO . The resulting mixture was stirred with ethyl acetate for 1 h. The organic extracts were dried over Na 2 SO 4 and concentrated in vacuo to provide a yellowish solid. The solid was dissolved in methanol and 1 eq of IN aqueous HCl was added.
• the combined organic extracts were dried (sodium sulfate) to give a crude cis/trans product.
• the crude material was purified by flash chromatography (Merck silica, 25x3 cm, 1 :9 isopropylamine/ethyl acetate then 1:2:7 methanol/iso- propylamine/ethyl acetate) to afford 0.74 g ofthe cis isomer as a yellow solid and 0.50 g ofthe trans isomer as a brown solid.
• the cis isomer was dissolved in methanol then 0.34 mL of 5N aqueous HCl was added.

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