EP1232210A1 - Verwendung von phthaliden in stabilisatorgemischen für organische materialien - Google Patents
Verwendung von phthaliden in stabilisatorgemischen für organische materialienInfo
- Publication number
- EP1232210A1 EP1232210A1 EP00969741A EP00969741A EP1232210A1 EP 1232210 A1 EP1232210 A1 EP 1232210A1 EP 00969741 A EP00969741 A EP 00969741A EP 00969741 A EP00969741 A EP 00969741A EP 1232210 A1 EP1232210 A1 EP 1232210A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- tert
- alkyl
- butyl
- bιs
- alkoxy
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
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- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 125000005506 phthalide group Chemical group 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims description 32
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 19
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 18
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 15
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
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- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
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- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 5
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- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
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- 125000000956 methoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])O* 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010525 oxidative degradation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
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- 239000011732 tocopherol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960001295 tocopherol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005809 transesterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003918 triazines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- SHEXSXZCZQBTFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N tridecyl 3-(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-sulfanylpropanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C(S)CC1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1 SHEXSXZCZQBTFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IVIIAEVMQHEPAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N tridodecyl phosphite Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCOP(OCCCCCCCCCCCC)OCCCCCCCCCCCC IVIIAEVMQHEPAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCO ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005591 trimellitate group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- CNUJLMSKURPSHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N trioctadecyl phosphite Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOP(OCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)OCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CNUJLMSKURPSHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HVLLSGMXQDNUAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenyl phosphite Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1OP(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 HVLLSGMXQDNUAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LENZDBCJOHFCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris Chemical compound OCC(N)(CO)CO LENZDBCJOHFCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WGKLOLBTFWFKOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(2-nonylphenyl) phosphite Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1OP(OC=1C(=CC=CC=1)CCCCCCCCC)OC1=CC=CC=C1CCCCCCCCC WGKLOLBTFWFKOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920006337 unsaturated polyester resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003672 ureas Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019871 vegetable fat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001866 very low density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000019154 vitamin C Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011718 vitamin C Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019165 vitamin E Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011709 vitamin E Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940046009 vitamin E Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
- BOXSVZNGTQTENJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc dibutyldithiocarbamate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCCCN(C([S-])=S)CCCC.CCCCN(C([S-])=S)CCCC BOXSVZNGTQTENJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc stearate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000004835 α-tocopherol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002076 α-tocopherol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000007680 β-tocopherol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011590 β-tocopherol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002478 γ-tocopherol Substances 0.000 description 1
- QUEDXNHFTDJVIY-DQCZWYHMSA-N γ-tocopherol Chemical compound OC1=C(C)C(C)=C2O[C@@](CCC[C@H](C)CCC[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1 QUEDXNHFTDJVIY-DQCZWYHMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002446 δ-tocopherol Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/04—Oxygen-containing compounds
- C08K5/15—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen in the ring
- C08K5/151—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen in the ring having one oxygen atom in the ring
- C08K5/1535—Five-membered rings
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the use of phthalides as stabilizers for stabilizing organic materials, in particular plastics against oxidative and thermal degradation.
- the stabilization of organic materials, especially plastics, when processed by the various known methods usually requires heat treatment.
- suitable antioxidants or combinations of antioxidants with other stabilizers is absolutely necessary.
- Typical conventional systems of antioxidants consist of mixtures of organophosphites or phosphonites, sterically hindered amines and / or phenols.
- additional costabilizers based on metal salts e.g. Ca stearate are added to modify the active power of the stabilizers.
- the present invention thus relates to the use of phthalides of the general formulas I to VIII
- one of the two radicals R 1 or R 2 is hydrogen and the other radical is an unsubstituted or one with dC 18 alkyl, d-Ci 8 alkoxy, CrC 18 -mono-, di-, t ⁇ - or oligohalogenalkyl (eg T ⁇ chlormethyl), halogen (fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine), -OH, -NH 2 , - N (alkyl) 2 , -NO 2 one or multiply substituted phenyl, preferably a with -N (CH 3 ) 2 , d-do-alkyl, -C-C ⁇ o-alkoxy, d-C ⁇ 0 -mono-, di-, t ⁇ - or oligohalogenalkyl, especially one with methyl or ethyl - Or represents multiply substituted phenyl or a heteroaromatic
- the compounds of the formulas I to VIII serve to stabilize organic material, in particular plastics, against undesirable reactions such as chain breakage, branching and crosslinking, and also oxidation during processing, in particular under the action of heat
- Polymers of mono- and diolefins for example polypropylene, polyisobutylene, polybutylene, polybutene-1, poly-4-methylpentene-1, polyisoproprene or polybutadiene and polymers of cycloolefins such as, for example, cyclopentene or norbornene, and also polyethylene (which may or may not be crosslinked) , e.g. high density polyethylene (HDPE), high density and high molecular weight polyethylene (HDPE-HMW), high density and ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (HDPE-UHMW), medium density polyethylene (MDPE), low density polyethylene (LDPE), linear polyethylene low density (LLPE), branched low density polyethylene (VLDPE)
- HDPE high density polyethylene
- HDPE-HMW high density and high molecular weight polyethylene
- HDPE-UHMW high density and ultra high molecular weight polyethylene
- MDPE low density polyethylene
- LDPE low density polyethylene
- Polyolefins i.e. polymers of monoolefins, as mentioned by way of example in the preceding paragraph, in particular polyethylene and polypropylene, can be produced by various processes, in particular by the following methods
- a) radical (usually at high pressure and high temperature) b) by means of a catalyst the catalyst usually containing one or more metals from Group IVb, Vb, Vlb or VIII
- metals usually have one or more ligands such as oxides, halides, alcoholates, Esters, ethers, amines, alkyls, alkenyls and / or aryls, which can be either ⁇ - or ⁇ -coordinated.
- These metal complexes can be free or fixed on supports, such as, for example, on activated magnesium chloride, titanium (III) chlorine, aluminum oxide or silicon oxide.
- These catalysts can be soluble or insoluble in the polymerization medium.
- the catalysts as such can be active in the polymerization, or further activators can be used, such as, for example, metal alkyls, metal hydrides, metal alkyl halides, metal alkyl oxides or metal alkyloxanes, the metals being elements from groups la, IIIa and / or purple.
- the activators can be modified, for example, with further ester, ether, amine or silyl ether groups.
- These catalyst systems are commonly referred to as Philipps, Standard Oil Indiana, Ziegler (-Natta), TNZ (DuPont), metallocene or single site catalysts (SSC).
- Copolymers of mono- and diolefins with one another or with other vinyl monomers such as e.g. Ethylene-propylene copolymers, linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) and mixtures thereof with low-density polyethylene (LDPE), propylene-butene-1 copolymers, propylene-isobutylene copolymers, ethylene-butene-1 copolymers, ethylene-hexene Copolymers, ethylene-methylpentene copolymers, ethylene-heptene copolymers, ethylene-octene copolymers, propylene-butadiene copolymers, isobutylene-isoprene copolymers, ethylene-alkyl acrylate copolymers, ethylene-alkyl methacrylate copolymers, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers and their copolymers with carbon monoxide, or ethylene-acrylic acid copolymers
- Hydrocarbon resins eg C 5 -C
- hydrogenated modifications thereof eg tackifier resins
- Copolymers of styrene or ⁇ -methylstyrene with dienes or acrylate derivatives such as, for example, styrene-butadiene, styrene-Acrylnit ⁇ l, styrene-alkyl methacrylate, styrene-butadiene-alkyl acrylate and methacrylate, styrene-maleic anhydride, styrene-Acrylnitnl-methacrylate, mixtures of high impact strength from styrene copolymers and another polymer, such as a polyacrylate, a diene polymer or an ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer, and also block copolymers of styrene, such as styrene-butadiene-styrene
- Graft copolymers of styrene or .alpha.-methylstyrene such as, for example, styrene on polybutadiene, styrene on polybutadiene-styrene or polybutadiene-acrylic copolymers, styrene and acrylonitrile (or methacrylonitrile) on polybutadiene, styrene, acrylonitrile and methyl methacrylate on polyamide polybutadiene, styrene, and Acrylnitnl Maleinsaureanhydnd or maleimide on polybutadiene; styrene and maleimide on polybutadiene, styrene and alkyl acrylates or alkyl methacrylates on polybutadiene, styrene and Acrylnitnl ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymers, styrene and Acrylnitnl
- Halogen-containing polymers such as, for example, polychloroprene, chlorinated rubber, chlorinated and brominated copolymer of isobutylene-isoprene (halobutyl rubber), chlorinated or chlorosulfonated polyethylene, copolymers of ethylene and chlorinated ethylene, epichlorohydrin homo- and copolymers, in particular polymers of halogen-containing vinyl compounds, such as, for example, polyvinyl chloride , Polyvinylidene chloride, polyvinyl fluoride, polyvinylidene fluoride, and also their copolymers, such as vinyl chloride-vinylidene chloride, vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate or vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate
- Polymers derived from ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated acids and their derivatives such as polyacrylates and polymethacrylates, impact-modified polymethyl methacrylates, polyacrylamides and polyacrylonitriles with butyl acrylates
- Copolymers of the monomers mentioned under 9) with one another or with other unsaturated monomers such as, for example, acrylonitrile-butadiene copolymers, acrylonitrile Alkyl acrylate copolymers, acrylonitrile-alkoxyalkyl acrylate copolymers, acrylonitrile-vinyl halide copolymers or acrylonitrile-alkyl methacrylate-butadiene terpolymers
- Polymers derived from unsaturated alcohols and amines or their acyl derivatives or acetals such as polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl acetate, stearate, benzoate, maleate, polyvinyl butyral, polyallylphthalate, polyallylmelamine, and their copolymers with olefins mentioned in point 1
- cyclic ethers such as polyalkylene glycols, polyethylene oxide, polypropylene oxide or their copolymers with bisglycidyl ethers
- Polyacetals such as polyoxymethylene, and those polyoxymethylenes which contain comonomers, such as, for example, ethylene oxide, polyacetals which have been modified with thermoplastic polyurethanes, acrylates or MBS
- Polyamides and copolyamides derived from diamines and dicarboxylic acids and / or from aminocarboxylic acids or the corresponding lactams such as polyamide 4, polyamide 6, polyamide 6/6, 6/10, 6/9, 6/12, 4/6, 12 / 12, polyamide 1 1, polyamide 12, aromatic polyamides starting from m-xylene, diamine and adipic acid, polyamides made from hexamethylene diamine and iso- and / or terephthalic acid and optionally an elastomer as a modifier, for example poly-2,4,4 - tnmethylhexamethylene-terephthalamide or poly-m-phenylene-isopthalamide block copolymers of the aforementioned polyamides with polyolefins, olefin copolymers, ionomers, or chemically bonded or grafted elastomers, or with polyethers, such as with polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol or polytetramethylene
- Polyesters derived from dicarboxylic acids and dialcohols and / or from hydroxycarboxylic acids or the corresponding lactones such as polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, poly-1, 4-dimethylolcyclohexane terephthalate, polyhydroxybenzoates, and also block polyether esters derived from polyethers with hydroxyl end groups , furthermore polyesters modified with polycarbonates or MBS
- Crosslinkable acrylic resins derived from substituted acrylic acid esters such as epoxy acrylates, urethane acrylates or polyester acrylates
- Alkyd resins polyester resins and acrylic resins which are crosslinked with melamine resins, urea resins, isocyanates, isocyanurates, polyisocyanates or epoxy resins
- Crosslinked epoxy resins derived from ahphatic, cycloaliphatic, heterocyclic or aromatic glycidyl compounds e.g. products of bisphenol-A diglydyl ethers, bisphenol-F digly ⁇ dyl ethers, which are crosslinked using conventional hard materials such as anhydrides or amines with or without accelerators 27.
- Natural polymers such as cellulose, natural rubber, gelatin, and their polymer-homologously chemically modified derivatives, such as cellulose acetates, propionates and butyrates, or the cellulose ethers, such as methyl cellulose; as well as rosins and derivatives.
- Mixtures (polyblends) of the aforementioned polymers such as e.g. PP / EPDM, polyamide / EPDM or ABS, PVC / EVA, PVC / ABS, PVC / MBS, PC / ABS, PBT / ABS, PC / ASA, PC / PBT, PVC / CPE, PVC / acrylates, POM / thermoplastic PUR , PC / thermoplastic PUR, POM / acrylate, POM / MBS, PPO / MBS, PPO / HIPS, PPO / PA 6.6 and copolymers, PA / HDPE, PA / PP, PA / PPO, PBT / PC / ABS or PBT / PET / PC.
- Natural and synthetic organic substances which are pure monomeric compounds or mixtures thereof, for example mineral oils, animal or vegetable fats, oils and waxes, or oils, waxes and fats based on synthetic esters (for example phthalates, adipates, phosphates or trimellitates) , and mixtures of synthetic esters with mineral oils in any weight ratio, such as are used as spin finishes and their aqueous emulsions.
- synthetic esters for example phthalates, adipates, phosphates or trimellitates
- Aqueous emulsions of natural or synthetic rubbers e.g. Natural rubber latex or latices of carboxylated styrene-butadiene copolymers.
- phthalides are known compounds that can be prepared by numerous processes, their synergies as stabilizer components in organic materials are surprising during their processing.
- the above-mentioned compounds in combination with conventional stabilizers such as organophosphites and phosphonites, hindered amines and / or optionally phenolic antioxidants ensure great stability of the polymer melt, in particular even at high temperatures, which contributes to the uncontrolled Avoid degradation of the organic material during all processing steps associated with exposure to heat.
- conventional stabilizers such as organophosphites and phosphonites, hindered amines and / or optionally phenolic antioxidants
- the phthalides mentioned are generally used in a concentration range of 0.001-5% by weight, preferably 0.002-0.05% by weight, based on the organic material, preferably in combination with organophosphites or phosphonites, hindered amines and / or hindered phenols.
- Each of the other components mentioned can be present in a concentration range from 0.001 to 5% by weight, preferably from 0.01 to 1.0% by weight.
- co-additives such as metal deactivators, plasticizers, UV absorbers, hydroxylamines, nitrones, color improvers, optical brighteners, thiosynergists, peroxide-decomposing compounds, buffer systems, dispersants, acid scavengers, nucleating agents, fillers, pigments, dyes, flame retardants, antistatic agents and emulsifiers in concentrations between 0.0001 and 30 wt .-% can be added.
- the respective system can also contain conventional fillers in a concentration range of 0.01 to 70% by weight, based in each case on the organic material to be stabilized.
- Suitable additives which can also be used in combination are, for example, compounds as listed below:
- Alkylated mono- and oligophenols e.g. 2-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole, 3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole, 2,6 di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol, 2-butyl-4,6 -dimethylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-ethylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-n-butylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-isobutylphenol, 2,6 -Di-cyclopentyl-4-methylphenol, 2- ( ⁇ -methylcyclohexyl) -4,6-dimethylphenol, 2,6-di-octadecyl-4-methylphenol, 2,4,6-tri-cyclohexylphenol, 2,6 -Di-tert-butyl-4-methoxymethylphenol, linear or branched in the side chain nonylphenols, such as.
- hydroquinones and alkylated hydroquinones e.g. 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methoxyphenol, 2,5-di-tert-butyl-hydroquinone, 2,5-di-tert-amyl-hydroquinone, 2,6-diphenyl-4-octadecyloxy-phenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-hydroquinone, 2,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole, 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole, 3,5-di-tert-butyl- 4-hydroxyphenyl stearate, bis (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) adipate.
- 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methoxyphenol 2,5-di-tert-butyl-hydroquinone, 2,5-di-tert-amyl-hydroquinone,
- hydroxylated thiodiphenyl ethers for example 2,2 , -thio-bis- (6-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol), 2,2'-thio-bis- (4-octylphenol), 4,4'-thio-bis- (6-tert-butyl-3-methylphenol), 4,4'-thio-bis- (6-tert-butyl-2-methyl-phenol), 4,4'-thio-bis- (3,6-di -sec.-amylphenol), 4,4'-bis (2,6-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) disulfide.
- alkylidene bisphenols for example 2,2'-methylene-bis- (6-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol), 2,2'-methylene-bis- (6-tert-butyl-4-ethylphenol), 2, 2'-methylene-bis- [4-methyl-6- ( ⁇ -methyl-cyclohexyl) phenol], 2,2'-methylene-bis- (4-methyl-6-cyclohexylphenol), 2,2'-methylene - bis- (6-nonyl-4-methylphenol), 2,2'-methylene-bis- (4,6-di-tert-butylphenol), 2,2'-ethylidene-bis- (4,6-di- tert-butylphenol), 2,2'-ethylidene-bis- (6-tert-butyl-4-isobutylphenol), 2,2'-methylene-bis- [6- ( ⁇ -methylbenzyl) -4-nonylphenol] , 2,2'-methylene-bis- [
- O-, N- and S-benzyl compounds for example 3,5,3 ', 5'-tetra-tert-butyl-4,4'-dihydroxydibenzyl ether, octadecyl-4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylbenzyl-mercaptoacetate, Tris - (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl) amine, bis- (4-tert-butyl-3-hydroxy-2,6-dimethylbenzyl) dithioterephthalate, bis- (3,5-di- tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl) sulfide, isooctyl-3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl-mercaptoacetate, tridecyl-4-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert-butylbenzyl-mercaptoacetate.
- 1.7 Hydroxybenzylated malonates e.g. Dioctadecyl-2,2-bis (3,5-di-tert-butyl-2-hydroxybenzyl) malonate, di-octadecyl-2- (3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methylbenzyl) - malonate, didodecylmercaptoethyl-2,2-bis (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl) malonate, di- [4 (1, 1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl) phenyl] -2.2 -bis (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl) malonate.
- Dioctadecyl-2,2-bis (3,5-di-tert-butyl-2-hydroxybenzyl) malonate di-octadecyl-2- (3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methylbenzyl) - mal
- hydroxybenzyl aromatics e.g. 1,3,5-tris (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl) -2,4,6-trimethylbenzene, 1,4-bis (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4 -hydroxybenzyl) -2,3,5,6-tetramethylbenzene, 2,4,6-tris (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl) phenol.
- triazine compounds e.g. 2,4-bis-octylmercapto-6- (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanilino) -1,3,5-triazine, 2-octylmercapto-4,6-bis- (3,5-di -tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanilino) -1, 3,5-triazine, 2-octylmercapto-4,6-bis- (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenoxy) -1, 3,5- triazine, 2,4,6-Ths- (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenoxy) -1, 2,3-triazine, 1,3,5-tris- (3,5-tert-butyl -4-hydroxybenzyl) isocyanurate, 1, 3,5-tris (4-tert-butyl-3-hydroxy-2,6-dimethylbenzyl) isocyanurate, 2,4,6
- benzylphosphonates e.g. Dimethyl-2,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylphosphonate, diethyl 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylphosphonate, dioctadecyl-3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylphosphonate, Dioctadecyl-5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-3-methylbenzylphosphonate, Ca salt of the 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylphosphonic acid monoethyl ester.
- acylaminophenols e.g. 4-hydroxy lauric anilide, 4-hydroxy stearic anilide, N- (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) carbamic acid octyl ester.
- esters of ß- (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionic acid with mono- or polyhydric alcohols such as with methanol, ethanol, n-octanol, i-octanol, octadecanol, 1, 6-hexanediol , 1, 9-nonanediol, ethylene glycol, 1, 2-propanediol, neopentyl glycol, thiodiethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, pentaerythritol, tris (hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate, N, N'-bis (hydroxyethyl) oxalic acid diamide, 3-thiaundecanol, 3-thiapentadecanol, trimethylhexanediol, trimethylolpropane, 4-hydroxymethyl-1-phospha-2,6,7-trioxabicyclo
- esters of ⁇ - (5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl) propionic acid with mono- or polyhydric alcohols such as with methanol, ethanol, n-octanol, i-octanol, octadecanol, 1, 6- Hexanediol, 1, 9-nonanediol, ethylene glycol, 1, 2-propanediol, neopentyl glycol, thiodiethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, ethylene glycol, pentaerythritol, ths (hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate, N, N'-bis (hydroxyethyl) oxalic acid diamide, 3- Thiaundecanol, 3-thiapentadecanol, trimethylhexanediol, trimethylolpropane, 4-hydroxymethyl-1-phospha-2,6,7-trioxabicyclo [2,
- esters of ß- (3,5-dicyclohexyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionic acid with mono- or polyhydric alcohols e.g. Methanol, ethanol, n-octanol, i-octanol, octadecanol, 1, 6-hexanediol, 1, 9-nonanediol, ethylene glycol, 1, 2-propanediol, neopentyl glycol, thiodiethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, ethylene glycol, pentaerythritol, tris (hydroxyethyl) - isocyanurate, N, N'-bis (hydroxyethyl) oxalic acid diamide, 3-thiaundecanol, 3-thiapentadecanol, trimethylhexanediol, trimethylolpropane, 4-hydroxymethyl-1-phospha-2,6,7-trioxabicyclo
- esters of 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid with mono- or polyhydric alcohols e.g. with methanol, ethanol, n-octanol, i-octanol, octadecanol, 1, 6-hexanediol, 1, 9-nonanediol, ethylene glycol, 1, 2-propanediol, neopentyl glycol, thiodiethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, ethylene glycol, pentaerythritol, tris (hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate, N, N'-bis (hydroxyethyl) oxalic acid diamide, 3-thiaundecanol, 3-thiapentadecanol, trimethylhexanediol, trimethylolpropane, 4-hydroxymethyl-1-phospha-2,6,7-trioxabicyclo- [2,2,2]
- amides of ⁇ - (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionic acid such as, for example, N, N'-bis (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylpropionyl) hexamethylene diamine, N, N'-bis (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylpropionyl) trimethylene diamine, N, N'-bis (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylpropionyl) hydrazine.
- Chroman and hydroxychroman derivatives such as tocopherol ( ⁇ -tocopherol, ⁇ -tocopherol, ⁇ -tocopherol, ⁇ -tocopherol) and mixtures thereof (vitamin E), as well as other, also commercially available derivatives such as Trolox, Tominox TT, as well as 2, 2-D ⁇ alkyl-6-hydroxychromane and 2,2,7,8-tetraalkyl-6-hydroxychromane, 2,2,5,8-tetraalkyl-6-hydroxychromane, also 2,2,5,7,8-pentaalkyl-6 -hydroxychromane
- vitamin C Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and ascorbyl derivatives such as ascorbyl palmitate
- Amine antioxidants such as BN, N'-di-isopropyl-p-phenylenediamine, N, N'-D-sec-butyl-p-phenylenediamine, N, N'-B ⁇ s (1, 4-dimethyl-pentyl) -p -phenylenediamine, N, N'-B ⁇ s (1-ethyl-3-methyl-pentyl) -p-phenylenediamine, N, N'-B ⁇ s (1-methyl-heptyl) -p-phenylenediamine N, N'-d ⁇ cyclohexyl-p -phenylene diamine, N, N'-diphenyl-p-phenylene diamine, N, N'-di (naphthyl-2 -) - p-phenylene diamine, N-isopropyl N'-phenyl-p-phenylene diamine, N- (1, 3- Dimethyl-butyl) -N'
- p.p'-di-tert-octyldiphenylamine 4-n-butylamine-phenol, 4-butyrylamine-phenol, 4-nonanoylaminophenol , 4-dodecanoylam ⁇ nophenol, 4-octadecanoylam ⁇ nop henol, di (4-methoxyphenyl) amine, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-dimethylamino-methylphenol, 2,4'-diminodiphenylmethane, 4,4'-diminodiphenylmethane, N, N.
- N ', N'-tetramethyl-4,4'diamine-diphenylmethane 1,2-dim - [(2-methylphenyl) amine] ethane, 1,2-dim (phenylamino) propane (o -Tolyl) -b ⁇ guan ⁇ d, D ⁇ - [4- (1 ', 3'-dim-methyl-butyl) -phenyl] amine, tert-octylated N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine, mixture of mono- and dialkyl-tert-butyl- / tert-octyldiphenylamines, mixture of mono- and dialkylated nonyldiphenylamines, mixture of mono- and dialkyled dodecyidiphenylamines, mixture of mono- and dialkyled isopropyl / isohexyl-diphenylamines, mixture of mono- and dialkylated tert-butyl
- UV absorbers and light stabilizers 2- (2'-hydroxyphenyl) benzotriazoles, such as 2- (2'-hydroxy-5'-methylphenyl) benzotriazole, 2- (3 ', 5'-di-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxyphenyl) -benzetrazole, 2- (5'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxyphenyl) -benznazole, 2- [2'-hydroxy-5 '- (1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl) phenyl] -benzetrazole, 2- (3 ', 5'-di-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxy-phenyl) -5-chloro-benzotriazole, 2- (3'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxy-5'-methylphenyl) -5- chlorobenzotriazole, 2- (3'-sec-butyl-5'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxyphenyl) benzotriazole, 2- (2'-hydroxy-4'-oct
- 2-hydroxybenzophenones such as 4-hydroxy-, 4-methoxy-, 4-octoxy, 4-decyloxy, 4-dodecyloxy-, 4-benzyloxy-, 4,2 ', 4'-tr ⁇ hydroxy-, 2'- hydroxy-4,4'-d ⁇ methoxy-Der ⁇ vat
- Esters of optionally substituted benzoic acids such as, for example, 4-tert-butylphenylsacylate, phenylsacylate, octylphenylsacylate, dibenzoylresorcinol, bis (4-tert-butylbenzoyl) resorcinol, benzoylresor ⁇ n, 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4- 2,4-D ⁇ - tert-butylphenyl hydroxybenzoate, 3,5-D ⁇ -tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate hexadecyl ester, 3,5-D ⁇ -tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-benzoic acid octadecyl ester, 3,5-D ⁇ -tert- butyl-4-hydroxybenzoic acid 2-methyl-4,6-di-tert-butylphenyl ester
- Acrylates such as, for example, ⁇ -cyano-ß, ß-d ⁇ phenylacrylsaureethylester or -isooctylester, ⁇ -carbomethoxyzimtsauremethylester, ⁇ -cyano-ß-methyl-p-methoxyzimtsauremethyl ester or -butylester, ⁇ -Carbomethoxy-p-methoxy-zimts (ß-Carbo-methoxy-ß-cyanov ⁇ nyl) -2-methylhohn Nickel compounds such as, for example, nickel complexes of 2,2'-thio-b ⁇ s- [4- (1, 1, 3.3 tetramethylbutyl) phenol] such as the 1 1 or the 1 2 complex, optionally with additional ligands, such as n-butylamm , T ⁇ ethanolamine or N-cyclohexyl-diethanolamine, nickel dibutyldithiocarbamate, nickel salts of 4-
- Stenically hindered wet nurse such as B ⁇ s- (2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-p ⁇ per ⁇ d ⁇ n-4-yl) sebacate, B ⁇ s- (2,2,6,6-tetramethylp ⁇ per ⁇ d ⁇ n-4-yl) -glutarate, B ⁇ s - (2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-p ⁇ per ⁇ d ⁇ n-4-yl) - succmat, B ⁇ s- (1, 2,2,6,6-pentamethylp ⁇ pe ⁇ d ⁇ n-4-yl) sebacate, B ⁇ s- (1, 2, 2,6,6-pentamethylp ⁇ per ⁇ d ⁇ n-4-yl) -glutarate, n-butyl-3,5-d ⁇ -tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylmalonic acid b ⁇ s (1, 2,2,6,6-pentamethylp ⁇ per ⁇ dyl) ester, 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpipe ⁇ dylbehenate, 1, 2,2,6,6-pentamethylp
- Oxalic acid diamides such as, for example, 4,4'-di-octyloxyoxane-id, 2,2'-dimethoxyoxane-id, 2,2'-di-octyloxy-5,5'-di-tert-butyl-oxane-id, 2,2'-di- dodecyloxy-5,5'-d ⁇ -tert-butyl-oxan ⁇ l ⁇ d, 2-ethoxy-2'-ethyloxan ⁇ l ⁇ d, N, N'-B ⁇ s- (3-d ⁇ methylam ⁇ nopropyl) -oxalam ⁇ d, 2-ethoxy-5-tert-butyl-2 '-ethyloxan ⁇ hd and its mixture with 2-ethoxy-2'-ethyl-5,4'-d ⁇ -tert-butyl-oxanihd, mixtures of o- and p-methoxy- and of o- and p-e
- Metal deactivators such as, for example, N.N'-diphenyloxalic acid diamide, N-Sahcylal-N'-sahcyloylhydrazine, N, N'-B ⁇ s- (sahcyloyl) -hydraz ⁇ n, N, N'-B ⁇ s- (3,5-d ⁇ -tert- butyl-4-hydroxyphenylprop ⁇ onyl) -hydraz ⁇ n, 3-sahcyloylam ⁇ no-1, 2,4-tr ⁇ azol, B ⁇ s- (benzyhden) - oxalsauredihydrazid, Oxanihd, Isophthalsauredihydrazid, Sebacmsaurebisphenyl- hydrazid, N, N'-D ⁇ -sahcyloyloxalsaured ⁇ hydraz ⁇ d, N, N'-B ⁇ s-sahcyloylth ⁇ o
- Phosphites and phosphonites such as, for example, phenylphosphite, diphenylalkylphosphites, phenyldialkylphosphites, tris (nonylphenyl) phosphite, trilaurylphosphite, Trioctadecylphosphite, Distearylpentaeryth ⁇ tdiphosphit, Tr ⁇ s- (2,4-d ⁇ -tert-butylphenyl) - phosphite, Dnsodecylpentaerythritdiphosphit, B ⁇ s- (2,4-d ⁇ -tert-butylphenyl) - pentaerythntdiphosphite, B ⁇ s- (2,6, -d ⁇ -tert butyl-4-methylphenyl) -pentaerythr ⁇ td ⁇ phosph ⁇ t bis-isodecyloxy-penta-erythnt
- Hydroxylammes such as BN, N-d ⁇ benzylhydroxylam ⁇ n, N, N-D ⁇ ethylhydroxylam ⁇ n, N, N-dioctylhydroxylamine, N, N-D ⁇ laurylhydroxylam ⁇ n, N, N-D ⁇ tetradecylhydroxylam ⁇ n, N, N-dihexadecylhydroxylammon, N, N-D-N ⁇ -D ⁇ n N-octadecylhydroxylamm, N-heptadecyl-N-octadecylhydroxylamm, N, N-dialkylhydroxylamines made from hydrogenated tallow fatty amine
- Nitrones such as, for example, N-benzyl-alpha-phenylnitron, N-ethyl-alpha-methylnitron, N-octyl-alphaheptyl-nitron, N-lauryl-alphaundecylnitron, N-tetradecyl-alpha-tridecylnitron, N-hexadecyl-alpha-pentadecylnitron , N-octadecyl-alpha-heptadecyl-nitrone, N-hexadecyl-alpha-heptadecylnitron, N-octadecyl-alpha-pentadecylnitron, N-heptadecyl-alpha-heptadecylnitron, N-octa-decyl-alpha-hexadecylnitron, nitrones derived from N-Dialkylhydroxylam en made
- hydrotalcites such as ® DHT 4A
- Such hydrotalcites can according to the general formula
- nn means an anion of valence nn means an integer from 1 to 4 x means a value between 0 and 0.5 y means a value between 0 and 2
- Hydrotalcites are preferably used, in which (M 2+ ) for (Ca 2+ ), (Mg 2+ ) or a mixture of (Mg 2+ ) and (Zn 2+ ), (A n " ) for C0 3 2 ' , B0 3 3 " , P0 3 3 stand x has a value of 0 to 0.5 and y has a value of 0 to 2 Furthermore, hydrotalcites can also be used with the formula
- M 2+ stands for Mg 2+ , Zn 2+ , but preferably Mg 2+
- a n stands for an anion, especially from the group C0 3 2 , (OOC-COO) 2 " , OH and S 2 , where n describes the valence of the ion
- y stands for a positive number, preferably between 0 and 5, very particularly between 0.5 and 5 x and z have positive values, which are preferably between 2 and 6 at x and should be less than 2 at z.
- the hydrotalcites are particularly preferred of the following formulas
- Hydrotalcites are preferably used in the polymer in a concentration of 0.01 to 5% by weight, particularly 0.2 to 3% by weight, based on the total polymer preparation
- Thiosynergists such as thiodipropionic acid dilauryl ester or thiodipropionic acid distearyl ester
- Peroxide-destroying compounds such as, for example, esters of ⁇ -thio-dipropionic acid, for example the lauryl, stearyl, Mynstyl or tridecyl ester, mercaptobenzimidazole, the zinc salt of 2-mercaptobenzimimidazole, zinc alkyl dithiocarbamate, Zmkdibadamyldidio didadio didio dodiadio dioidocidamidodiadio dioidocadamidodioidocidamidodiadio dioidocidamidodioidocidamidodioidocidamidodiadio-didio-di-thio-di-dithio-didio-di-di-di-dio-di-di-dithio-dio-dio-di-di-di-di-di-di-di-
- Polyamide stabilizers such as copper salts in combination with iodides and / or phosphorus compounds and salts of divalent manganese
- Basic co-stabilizers such as melamine, polyvinylpyrrohdon, dicyandiamide, tallyl cyanurate, urea derivatives, hydrazine derivatives, amines, polyamides, polyurethanes, alkali and alkaline earth salts of higher fatty acids, for example calcium stearate, zinc stearate, magnesium behenate, magnesium behenate Stearate, sodium ricololeate, K-palmitate, antimony catechmate or tin catechmate, alkali and alkaline earth salts as well as the zinc salt or the aluminum salt of lactic acid
- Basic co-stabilizers such as melamine, polyvinylpyrrohdon, dicyandiamide, tallyl cyanurate, urea derivatives, hydrazine derivatives, amines, polyamides, polyurethanes, alkali and alkaline earth salts of higher fatty acids, for example calcium stearate, zinc
- Nucleating agents such as inorganic substances such as talc, metal oxides such as titanium dioxide or magnesium oxide, phosphates, carbonates or sulfates of preferably alkaline earth metals, organic compounds such as mono- or polycarboxylic acids and also their salts such as 4-tert -Butylbenzoic acid, Adip acid, Diphenylacetic acid, Nat ⁇ umsuccinat or Natnumbenzoat, acetals of aromatic aldehydes and polyfunctional alcohols such as sorbitol, such as
- Fillers and reinforcing agents such as calcium carbonate, silicates, glass fibers, asbestos, talc, kaolin, mica, barium sulfate, metal oxides and hydroxides, carbon black, graphite, wood flour and other flours or fibers of other natural products, synthetic fibers
- additives such as plasticizers, lubricants, emulsifiers, pigments, rheology additives, catalysts, flow control agents, optical brighteners, flame retardants, antistatic blowing agents 15 benzofuranones or indoles, for example in US-4325863, US-4338244, US-5175312, US-5216052, US-5252643, DE-A-431661 1, DE-A-4316622, DE-A-4316876, EP- A-0589839 or EP-A-0591102 or 3- [4- (2-acetoxyethoxy) phenyl] -5,7-di-tert-butyl-benzofuran-2-one, 5,7-di-tert-butyl- 3- [4- (2-stearoyloxyethoxy) phenyl] benzofuranon-2-one, 3,3'-B ⁇ s [5,7-d ⁇ -tert-butyl-3- (4- [2-hydroxyethoxy] pheny
- the nozzle opening at the extruder outlet had a diameter of 4 millimeters.
- the temperature of all extruder zones was uniformly 220 ° C according to the norm ASTM D 1238-79 the determination of the melt flow (MFI) was carried out at a temperature of 190 ° C with a standard weight of 2.16 kg by means of a melt flow measuring device (type Gottfert MPS-D) e.
- PE-HD according to the example described above can be used by using 0.1% by weight of the phthalide EPPHT not only while largely maintaining the original molecular weight or extrude several times at approximately constant melt flow index (MFI) at 260 ° C, but also when compared with the same concentration of the commercial phenol Irganox 1010 with significantly less color increase.
- MFI melt flow index
- the color measurement was carried out on the granules using a Hunterlab Colourquest 45/0 color measuring device. For the evaluation of the individual color value (Yellowness Index, Yl), the results of three individual samples from a batch were averaged. The results are shown in Table 2 below.
- the experimental verification was carried out with the help of FT-IR spectroscopy.
- the granulate samples were pressed at a temperature of 200 ° C. using a Mattson Galaxy 3020 heating press to give films with a thickness of 120 ⁇ m.
- the relative concentration of the vinyl groups was determined by Change in the absorption caused by the Vmyl group at the wave number of 908 cm 1 determined (see Table 3)
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Abstract
Die vorliegende Erfindung bezieht sich auf Phthalide als Verarbeitungsstabilisatoren gegen thermischen und oxidativen Abbau bei der Verarbeitung organischer Materialien, insbesondere von Polymeren. Unerwünschte Reaktionen wie Kettenbruch, Verzweigung und Vernetzung sowie Oxidation während der Verarbeitung, insbesondere unter Hitzeeinwirkung, werden erfolgreich verhindert.
Description
VERWENDUNG VON PHTHALIDEN IN STABILISATORGEMISCHEN FÜR ORGANISCHE MATERIALIEN
Die vorliegende Erfindung bezieht sich auf die Verwendung von Phthaliden als Stabilisatoren für die Stabilisierung organischer Materialien, insbesondere von Kunststoffen gegen oxidativen und thermischen Abbau.
Die Stabilisierung von organischen Materialien, insbesondere von Kunststoffen, bei deren Verarbeitung durch die verschiedenen bekannten Methoden erfordert meistens eine Hitzebehandlung. Um Zersetzung durch Oxidation, Kettenbruch oder andere Prozesse zu vermeiden, ist die Anwesenheit geeigneter Antioxidantien oder Kombinationen von Antioxidantien auch mit anderen Stabilisatoren unbedingt erforderlich. Typische konventionelle Systeme von Antioxidantien bestehen aus Gemischen von Organophosphiten oder -phosphoniten, sterisch gehinderten Aminen und/oder Phenolen. Meistens werden zusätzlich Costabilisatoren auf der Basis von Metallsalzen (z.B. Ca-Stearat) zugesetzt, um die Wirkleistung der Stabilisatoren zu modifizieren.
Viele dieser Stabilisatoren zeigen allerdings, auch in Kombination, unzureichende Effizienz und Defizite bei anderen Anforderungen wie z.B. mangelnde Stabilität gegen Hydrolyse, Neigung zu Farbbildung, stark limitierte Verträglichkeit mit der Polymermatrix und eingeschränkte Temperaturstabilität (siehe N. Grassie in: "Polymer Handbook", 3. Aufl., Herausgeber J. Brandrup und E.H. Immergut; Verlag Wiley, New York (1989), Kap. II, S. 365).
Es bestand somit ein Bedarf an Stabilisatoren, die die bekannten Nachteile nicht aufweisen.
Überraschenderweise wurde nun gefunden, daß gewisse Phthalide hervorragende Stabilisatoren für die Verarbeitung von organischen Materialien, insbesondere von Kunststoffen, darstellen und daß sie die hitzebedingten schädlichen Reaktionen erfolgreich verhindern können.
Gegenstand der vorliegenden Erfindung ist somit die Verwendung von Phthaliden der allgemeinen Formeln I bis VIII
VI
VII
VIII
als Verarbeitungsstabilisatoren gegen thermischen und oxidativen Abbau bei der Verarbeitung organischer Materialien, speziell polymerer Materialien, worin einer der beiden Reste R1 oder R2 Wasserstoff bedeutet und der andere Rest ein unsubstituiertes oder ein mit d-C18-Alkyl, d-Ci8-Alkoxy, CrC18-mono-, di-, tπ- oder Oligohalogenalkyl (z B Tπchlormethyl), Halogen (Fluor, Chlor, Brom oder Jod), -OH, -NH2, - N(Alkyl)2, -NO2 ein- oder mehrfach substituiertes Phenyl, vorzugsweise ein mit -N(CH3)2, d- do-Alkyl, Cι-Cιo-Alkoxy, d-Cι0-mono-, di-, tπ- oder Oligohalogenalkyl, insbesondere ein mit Methyl oder Ethyl ein- oder mehrfach substituiertes Phenyl oder einen heteroaromatischen Ring darstellt, worin die Zahl der Reste R3 pro Phenylnng zwischen 0 und 4 liegt, vorzugsweise 0, 1 oder 2 ist, und R3 Cι-C18-Alkyl, d-C18-Alkylen, d-C18-Alkoxy, Halogen, -OH, -NH2, -N(Alkyl)2, -NO2, -CN, vorzugsweise -N(CH3)2, d-do-Alkyl, d-C10-Alkylen, d-C10-Alkoxy, -OH oder Chlor, insbesondere d-C2-Alkyl, d-C2-Alkylen, d-C2-Alkoxy, -NH2, -OH oder Chlor bedeutet,
worin R4 und R5 unabhängig voneinander Wasserstoff, d-C18-Alkyl, d-C18-Alkoxy, -NH2, - NO2, -OH, -CN, Halogenalkyl oder Halogen, vorzugsweise Wasserstoff, Cι-C5-Alkyl, d-C5- Alkoxy, -NH2, -OH, Halogenalkyl oder Halogen, insbesondere Wasserstoff, Methyl, Methoxy, -NH2, -OH oder Chlor bedeuten, und worin X die Bedeutung von -O-, -S- oder -O-R6-O- hat, wobei R6 d-C20-Alkyl, C6-C12- Aryl, vorzugsweise d-do-Alkyl, C6-C10-Aryl, insbesondere C C2-Alkyl, oder [-(CH2)xO-]y bedeutet, wobei x und y unabhängig voneinander jeweils eine Zahl von 1-20, vorzugsweise von 1-10, insbesondere von 1-5 bedeuten
Die Verbindungen der Formel I bis VIII dienen zur Stabilisierung von organischem Material, insbesondere von Kunststoffen, gegen unerwünschte Reaktionen wie Kettenbruch, Verzweigung und Vernetzung sowie Oxidation wahrend der Verarbeitung, insbesondere unter Hitzeeinwirkung
Beispiele für derartige Materialien sind
1 Polymere von Mono- und Diolefinen, beispielsweise Polypropylen, Polyisobutylen, Polybutylen, Polybuten-1 Poly-4-methylpenten-1 , Polyisopropren oder Polybutadien sowie Polymerisate von Cycloolefinen wie z B von Cyclopenten oder Norbornen, ferner Polyethylen (das gegebenenfalls vernetzt sein kann), z B Polyethylen hoher Dichte (HDPE), Polyethylen hoher Dichte und hoher Molmasse (HDPE-HMW), Polyethylen hoher Dichte und ultrahoher Molmasse (HDPE-UHMW), Polyethylen mittlerer Dichte (MDPE), Polyethylen niederer Dichte (LDPE), lineares Polyethylen niederer Dichte (LLPE), verzweigtes Polyethylen niederer Dichte (VLDPE)
Polyolefine, d h Polymere von Monoolefinen, wie sie beispielhaft im vorstehenden Absatz erwähnt sind, insbesondere Polyethylen und Polypropylen, können nach verschiedenen Verfahren hergestellt werden, insbesondere nach den folgenden Methoden
a) radikalisch (gewöhnlich bei hohem Druck und hoher Temperatur) b) mittels Katalysator, wobei der Katalysator gewöhnlich ein oder mehrere Metalle der Gruppe IVb, Vb, Vlb oder VIII enthalt Diese Metalle besitzen gewohnlich einen oder mehrere Liganden wie Oxide, Halogenide, Alkoholate, Ester, Ether, Amme, Alkyle, Alkenyle und/oder Aryle, die entweder π- oder σ-koordiniert sein können Diese Metallkomplexe können frei oder auf Trager fixiert sein, wie beispielsweise auf aktiviertem Magnesiumchlorid, Tιtan(lll)chlorιd, Aluminiumoxid
oder Siliziumoxid. Diese Katalysatoren können im Polymerisationsmedium löslich oder unlöslich sein. Die Katalysatoren können als solche in der Polymerisation aktiv sein, oder es können weitere Aktivatoren verwendet werden, wie beispielsweise Metallalkye, Metallhydride, Metallalkylhalogenide, Metallalkyloxide oder Metallalkyloxane, wobei die Metalle Elemente der Gruppen la, lla und/oder lila sind. Die Aktivatoren können beispielsweise mit weiteren Ester-, Ether-, Amin- oder Silylether-Gruppen modifiziert sein. Diese Katalysatorsysteme werden gewöhnlich als Philipps, Standard Oil Indiana, Ziegler (-Natta), TNZ (DuPont), Metallocen oder Single Site Katalysatoren (SSC) bezeichnet.
2. Mischungen der unter 1 ) genannten Polymeren, z. B. Mischungen von Polypropylen mit Polyisobutylen, Polyethylen mit Polyisobutylen, Polypropylen mit Polyethylen (z.B. PP/HDPE/LDPE) und Mischungen verschiedener Polyethylentypen (z.B. LDPE/HDPE) untereinander.
3. Copolymere von Mono- und Diolefinen untereinander oder mit anderen Vinylmonomeren, wie z.B. Ethylen-Propylen-Copolymere, lineares Polyethylen niederer Dichte (LLDPE) und Mischungen desselben mit Polyethylen niederer Dichte (LDPE), Propylen-Buten-1 -Copolymere, Propylen-Isobutylen-Copolymere, Ethylen-Buten-1 - Copolymere, Ethylen-Hexen-Copolymere, Ethylen-Methylpenten-Copolymere, Ethylen- Hepten-Copolymere, Ethylen-Octen-Copolymere, Propyien-Butadien-Copolymere, Isobutylen-Isopren-Copolymere, Ethylen-Alkylacrylat-Copolymere, Ethylen- Alkylmethacrylat-Copoiymere, Ethylen-Vinylacetat-Copolymere und deren Copolymere mit Kohlenstoffmonoxid, oder Ethylen-Acrylsäure-Copolymere und deren Salze (lonomere), sowie Terpolymere von Ethylen mit Propylen und einem Dien, wie Hexadien, Dicyclopentadien oder Ethylidenorbornen; ferner Mischungen solcher Copolymere untereinander und mit unter 1 ) genannten Polymeren, z.B. Polypropylen/Ethylen-Propylen-Copolymere, LDPE/Ethylen-Vinylacetat-Copolymere, LDPE/Ethylen-Acrylsäure-Copolymere, LLDPE/Ethylen-Vinylacetat-Copolymere, LLDPE/Ethylen-Acrylsäure-Copolymere und alternierend oder statistisch aufgebaute Polyalkylen/Kohlenstoffmonoxid-Copolymere und deren Mischungen mit anderen Polymeren wie z.B. Polyamiden.
4. Kohlenwasserstoffharze (z.B. C5-C ) inklusive hydrierte Modifikationen davon (z.B. Klebrigmacherharze) und Mischungen von Polyalkylenen und Stärke.
5. Polystyrol, Poly(p-methylstyrol), Poly-(α-methylstyrol).
Copolymere von Styrol oder α-Methylstyrol mit Dienen oder Acryldeπvaten, wie z B Styrol-Butadien, Styrol-Acrylnitπl, Styrol-Alkylmethacrylat, Styrol-Butadien-Alkylacrylat und -methacrylat, Styrol-Malemsaureanhydrid, Styrol-Acrylnitnl-Methacrylat, Mischungen von hoher Schlagzähigkeit aus Styrol-Copolymeren und einem anderen Polymer, wie z B einem Polyacrylat, einem Dien-Polymeren oder einem Ethylen- Propylen-Dien-Terpolymeren, sowie Block-Copolymere des Styrols, wie z B Styrol- Butadien-Styrol, Styrol-Isopren-Styrol, Styrol-Ethylen/Butylen-Styrol oder Styrol- Ethylen/Propylen-Styrol
Pfropfcopolymere von Styrol oder α-Methylstyrol, wie z B Styrol auf Polybutadien, Styrol auf Polybutadien-Styrol- oder Polybutadien-Acrylnitπl-Copolymere, Styrol und Acrylnitnl (bzw Methacrylnitnl) auf Polybutadien, Styrol, Acrylnitnl und Methylmethacrylat auf Polybutadien, Styrol und Maleinsaureanhydnd auf Polybutadien, Styrol, Acrylnitnl und Maleinsaureanhydnd oder Maleinsaureimid auf Polybutadien, Styrol und Maleinsaureimid auf Polybutadien, Styrol und Alkylacrylate bzw Alkylmethacrylate auf Polybutadien, Styrol und Acrylnitnl auf Ethylen-Propylen-Dien- Terpolymeren, Styrol und Acrylnitnl auf Polyalkylacrylaten oder Polyalkylmethacrylaten Styrol und Acrylnitnl auf Acrylat-Butadien-Copolymeren, sowie deren Mischungen mit den unter 6) genannten Copolymeren, wie sie z B als sogenannte ABS-, MBS-, ASA- oder AES-Polymere bekannt sind
Halogenhaltige Polymere, wie z B Polychloropren, Chlorkautschuk, chloriertes und bromiertes Copolymer aus Isobutylen-Isopren (Halobutylkautschuk), chloriertes oder chlorsulfoniertes Polyethylen, Copolymere von Ethylen und chloriertem Ethylen, Epichlorhydrinhomo- und -copolymere, insbesondere Polymere aus halogenhaltigen Vinylverbindungen, wie z B Polyvinylchlorid, Polyvinylidenchlond, Polyvinylfluorid, Polyvinylidenfluorid, sowie deren Copolymere, wie Vinylchlond-Vinylidenchlorid, Vinylchiond-Vinylacetat oder Vinyhdenchlorid-Vinylacetat
Polymere, die sich von α,ß-ungesattιgten Sauren und deren Derivate ableiten, wie Polyacrylate und Polymethacrylate, mit Butylacrylate schlagzah modifizierte Polymethylmethacrylate, Polyacrylamide und Polyacrylnitrile
Copolymere der unter 9) genannten Monomeren untereinander oder mit anderen ungesättigten Monomeren, wie z B Acrylnitπl-Butadien-Copolymere, Acrylnitnl-
Alkylacrylat-Copolymere, Acrylnitnl-Alkoxyalkylacrylat-Copolymere, Acrylnitril- Vinylhalogenid-Copolymere oder Acrylnitril-Alkylmethacrylat-Butadien-Terpolymere
Polymere, die sich von ungesättigten Alkoholen und Ammen bzw deren Acyldenvaten oder Acetalen ableiten, wie Polyvinylalkohol, Polyvinylacetat, -stearat, -benzoat, - maleat, Polyvinylbutyral, Polyallylphthalat, Polyallylmelamin, sowie deren Copolymere mit in Punkt 1 genannten Olefinen
Homo- und Copolymere von cyclischen Ethern, wie Polyalkylenglykole, Polyethylenoxyd, Polypropylenoxyd oder deren Copolymere mit Bisglycidethern
Polyacetale, wie Polyoxymethylen, sowie solche Polyoxymethylene, die Comonomere, wie z B Ethylenoxid, enthalten, Polyacetale, die mit thermoplastischen Polyurethanen, Acrylaten oder MBS modifiziert sind
Polyphenylenoxide und -sulfide und deren Mischungen mit Styrolpolymeren oder Polyamiden
Polyurethane, die sich von Polyethern, Polyestern und Polybutadienen mit endstandigen Hydroxylgruppen einerseits und aliphatischen oder aromatischen Polyisocyanaten andererseits ableiten, sowie deren Vorprodukte
Polyamide und Copolyamide, die sich von Diaminen und Dicarbonsauren und/oder von Aminocarbonsauren oder den entsprechenden Lactamen ableiten, wie Polyamid 4, Polyamid 6, Polyamid 6/6, 6/10, 6/9, 6/12, 4/6, 12/12, Polyamid 1 1 , Polyamid 12, aromatische Polyamide ausgehend von m-Xylol, Diamin und Adipinsaure, Polyamide, hergestellt aus Hexamethylendiamin und Iso- und/oder Terephthalsaure und gegebenenfalls einem Elastomer als Modifikator, z B Poly-2,4,4- tnmethylhexamethylen-terephthalamid oder Poly-m-phenylen-isopthalamid Block- Copolymere der vorstehend genannten Polyamide mit Polyolefinen, Olefin- Copolymeren, lonomeren, oder chemisch gebundenen oder gepropften Elastomeren, oder mit Polyethern, wie z B mit Polyethylenglykol, Polypropylengiykol oder Polytetramethylenglykol Ferner mit EPDM oder ABS modifizierte Polyamide oder Copolyamide, sowie wahrend der Verarbeitung kondensierte Polyamide ("RIM- Polyamidsysteme")
Polyharnstoffe, Polyimide, Polyamidi ide, Polyethenmide, Polyesteramide, Polyhydantoine und Polybenzimidazole
Polyester, die sich von Dicarbonsauren und Dialkoholen und/oder von Hydroxycarbonsauren oder den entsprechenden Lactonen ableiten, wie Polyethylenterephthalat, Polybutylenterephthalat, Poly-1 ,4-dιmethylolcyclo- hexanterephthalat, Polyhydroxybenzoate, sowie Block-Polyether-ester, die sich von Polyethern mit Hydroxylendgruppen ableiten, ferner mit Polycarbonaten oder MBS modifizierte Polyester
Polycarbonate und Polyestercarbonate
Polysulfone, Polyethersulfone und Polyetherketone
Vernetzte Polymere, die sich von Aldehyden einerseits und Phenolen, Harnstoff oder Melamin andererseits ableiten, wie Phenol-Formaldehyd-, Harnstoff-Formaldehyd- und Melamin-Formaldehydharze
Trocknende und nicht-trocknende Alkydharze
Ungesättigte Polyesterharze, die sich von Copolyestern gesättigter und ungesättigter Dicarbonsauren mit mehrwertigen Alkoholen, sowie Vinylverbindungen als Vernetzungsmittel ableiten, wie auch deren halogenhaltige, schwerbrennbare Modifikationen
Vernetzbare Acrylharze, die sich von substituierten Acrylsaurestern ableiten, wie z B von Epoxyacrylaten, Urethan-acrylaten oder Polyester-acrylaten
Alkydharze, Polyesterharze und Acrylharze, die mit Melaminharzen, Harnstoff harzen, Isocyanaten, Isocyanuraten, Polyisocyanaten oder Epoxidharzen vernetzt sind
Vernetzte Epoxidharze, die sich von ahphatischen, cycloaliphatischen, heterocyclischen oder aromatischen Glycidylverbindungen ableiten, z B Produkte von Bisphenol-A-digly dylethern, Bisphenol-F-diglyαdylethern, die mittels üblichen Hartem wie z B Anhydriden oder Ammen mit oder ohne Beschleunigern vernetzt werden
27. Natürliche Polymere, wie Cellulose, Naturkautschuk, Gelatine, sowie deren polymerhomolog chemisch abgewandelte Derivate, wie Celluloseacetate, -propionate und -butyrate, bzw. die Celluloseether, wie Methylcellulose; sowie Kolophoniumharze und Derivate.
28. Mischungen (Polyblends) der vorgenannten Polymeren, wie z.B. PP/EPDM, Polyamid/EPDM oder ABS, PVC/EVA, PVC/ABS, PVC/MBS, PC/ABS, PBT/ABS, PC/ASA, PC/PBT, PVC/CPE, PVC/Acrylate, POM/thermoplastisches PUR, PC/thermoplastisches PUR, POM/Acrylat, POM/MBS, PPO/MBS, PPO/HIPS, PPO/PA 6.6 und Copolymere, PA/HDPE, PA/PP, PA/PPO, PBT/PC/ABS oder PBT/PET/PC.
29. Natürliche und synthetische organische Stoffe, die reine monomere Verbindungen oder Mischungen von solchen darstellen, beispielsweise Mineralöle, tierische oder pflanzliche Fette, Öle und Wachse, oder Öle, Wachse und Fette auf Basis synthetischer Ester (z.B. Phthalate, Adipate, Phosphate oder Trimellitate), sowie Abmischungen synthetischer Ester mit Mineralölen in beliebigen Gewichtsverhältnissen, wie sie z.B. als Spinnpräparationen Anwendung finden, sowie deren wässrige Emulsionen.
30. Wässrige Emulsionen natürlicher oder synthetischer Kautschuke, wie z.B. Naturkautschuk-Latex oder Latices von carboxylierten Styrol-Butadien-Copolymeren.
Die vorliegend genannte Klasse von Verbindungen zeigt nicht die aus dem Stand der Technik bekannte Neigung zu entsprechenden Nebenreaktionen. Diese Nebenreaktionen führen bekanntermassen häufig zur Bildung farbiger Folgeprodukte, z.B. die Reaktion von Phenolen oder via Phenole zu konjugierten chinoiden Systemen. Aufgrund der Molekülstruktur der Phthalide sind derartige unerwünschte Nebenreaktionen ausgeschlossen.
Obgleich Phthalide bekannte Verbindungen sind, die sich nach zahlreichen Verfahren herstellen lassen, sind doch ihre Synergien als Stabilisator-Komponenten in organischen Materialien während deren Verarbeitung überraschend.
Hinsichtlich des synthetischen Zugangs der Phthalide findet sich eine Zusammenfassung bei H. Kröper, "Herstellung und Umwandlung von Lactonen" in Houben-Weyl, Methoden der organischen Chemie, Band 6-2, Sauerstoffverbindungen I, S. 727 ff.
Beispiele gut geeigneter Phthalide sind folgende Verbindungen
BPPHT DMAPHT EPPHT
DPIDP
OXPHT PXPHT
Bereits bei Anwendung in geringen Konzentrationen gewährleisten die vorstehend genannten Verbindungen in Kombination mit herkömmlichen Stabilisatoren wie Organophosphiten und -phosphoniten, ste sch gehinderten Ammen und/oder wahlweise phenolischen Antioxidantien eine große Stabilität der Polymerschmelze, insbesondere auch bei hohen Temperaturen, was dazu beitragt, den unkontrollierten Abbau des organischen Materials wahrend jeglicher mit Hitzeeinwirkung verbundenen Verarbeitungsschritte zu vermeiden Die genannten Phthalide drangen in erheblichem Masse typische Zersetzungsund Abbauprozesse wie Kettenbruch in der Polymermatrix zurück, was Versprodung und Verfarbungsprozesse stark einschrankt und damit die Gebrauchsdauer des entsprechenden Werkstoffs erhöht
Diese Fakten kann man sich zunutze machen, um geeignete Endprodukte mit gegenüber dem Stand der Technik, wie er zum Beispiel in "Stabilization of Polymeπc Materials", Verfasser H Zweifel, Springer- Verlag, Heidelberg, Berlin (1998) beschrieben ist, verbesserten Produkteigenschaften zu erhalten
Darüberhinaus werden grundsätzlich durch Anwendung höherer Verarbeitungstemperaturen technische Voraussetzungen geschaffen, organische Materialien mit grösserem Durchsatz verarbeiten zu können.
Die genannten Phthalide werden im allgemeinen in einem Konzentrationsbereich von 0.001 - 5 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise 0.002 - 0.05 Gew.-%, bezogen auf das organische Material, eingesetzt, bevorzugt in Kombination mit Organophosphiten oder -phosphoniten, ste sch gehinderten Aminen und/oder stehsch gehinderten Phenolen. Jede der übrigen genannten Komponenten kann in einem Konzentrationsbereich von 0.001 - 5 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise von 0.01 bis 1.0 Gew.-% vorliegen.
Zusätzlich können Coadditive wie Metalldesaktivatoren, Weichmacher, UV-Absorber, Hydroxylamine, Nitrone, Farbverbesserer, optische Aufheller, Thiosynergisten, Peroxidzersetzende Verbindungen, Puffer-Systeme, Dispergatoren, Säurefänger, Nukleierungsmittel, Füllstoffe, Pigmente, Farbstoffe, Flammschutzmittel, Antistatika und Emulgatoren in Konzentrationen zwischen 0.0001 und 30 Gew.-% zugesetzt sein. Auch konventionelle Füllstoffe in einem Konzentrationsbereich von 0.01 bis 70 Gew.-% kann das jeweilige System enthalten, jeweils bezogen auf das zu stabilisierende organische Material.
Als geeignete, zusätzlich in Kombination einsetzbare Additive sind beispielsweise Verbindungen verwendbar, wie sie nachfolgend aufgeführt sind:
1. Antioxidantien
1.1 Alkylierte Mono- und Oligophenole, z.B. 2-tert.-Butyl-4-hydroxyanisol, 3-tert.-Butyl-4- hydroxyanisol, 2,6 Di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol, 2-Butyl-4,6-dimethylphenol, 2,6-Di-tert- butyl-4-ethylphenol, 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-n-butylphenol, 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-isobutylphenol, 2,6-Di-cyclopentyl-4-methylphenol, 2-(α-Methylcyclohexyl)-4,6-dimethyl-phenol, 2,6-Di- octadecyl-4-methylphenol, 2,4,6-Tri-cyclohexylphenol, 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4- methoxymethylphenol, lineare oder in der Seitenkette verzweigte Nonylphenole, wie z. B. 2,6-Dinonyl-4-methylphenol, 2,4-Dimethyl-6(1'-methyl-undec-1'-yl)-phenol, 2,4- Dimethyl-6-(1'-methyl-heptadec-1'-yl)-phenol, 2,4-Dimethyl-6-(1'-methyl-tridec-1'-yl)- phenol und Mischungen davon. Ebenso Alkylester der 3,4,5-Trihydroxybenzoesäure (Alkylgallate) sowie Derivate von tert-Butylhydrochinon (TBHQ)
1.2 Alkylthiomethylphenole, z.B. 2,4-Di-octylthiomethyl-6-tert-butylphenol, 2,4-Dioctyl- thiomethyl-6-methylphenol, 2,4-Di-octylthiomethyl-6-ethylphenol, 2,6-Di- dodecylthiomethyl-4-nonyl-phenol.
1.3 Hydrochinone und alkylierte Hydrochinone, z.B. 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-methoxyphenol, 2,5- Di-tert-butyl-hydrochinon, 2,5-Di-tert-amyl-hydrochinon, 2,6-Diphenyl-4-octadecyloxy- phenol, 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-hydrochinon, 2,5-Di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisol, 3,5-Di-tert- butyl-4-hydroxyanisol, 3,5-Di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl-stearat, Bis-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4- hydroxy-phenyl)adipat.
1.4 Hydroxylierte Thiodiphenylether, z.B. 2,2,-Thio-bis-(6-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol), 2,2'- Thio-bis-(4-octylphenol), 4,4'-Thio-bis-(6-tert-butyl-3-methylphenol), 4,4'-Thio-bis-(6- tert-butyl-2-methyl-phenol), 4,4'-Thio-bis-(3,6-di-sec.-amylphenol), 4,4'-Bis-(2,6- dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-disulfid.
1.5 Alkyliden-Bisphenole, z.B. 2,2'-Methylen-bis-(6-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol), 2,2'- Methylen-bis-(6-tert-butyl-4-ethylphenol), 2,2'-Methylen-bis-[4-methyl-6-(α -methyl- cyclohexyl)-phenol], 2,2'-Methylen-bis-(4-methyl-6-cyclohexylphenol), 2,2'-Methylen- bis-(6-nonyl-4-methylphenol), 2,2'-Methylen-bis-(4,6-di-tert-butylphenol), 2,2'-Ethyliden- bis-(4,6-di-tert-butylphenol), 2,2'-Ethyliden-bis-(6-tert-butyl-4-isobutylphenol), 2,2'- Methylen-bis-[6-(α-methylbenzyl)-4-nonyl-phenol], 2,2'-Methylen-bis-[6-(α,α- dimethylbenzyl)-4-nonylphenol], 4,4'-Methylen-bis-(2,6-di-tert-butylphenol), 4,4'- Methylen-bis-(6-tert-butyl-2-methylphenol), 1 ,1-Bis-(5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-2- methylphenyl)-butan, 2,6-Bis-(3-tert-butyl-5-methyl-2-hydroxybenzyl)-4-methyl-phenol, 1 ,1 ,3-Tris-(5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-2-methyl-phenyl)-butan, 1 ,1-Bis-(5-tert-butyl-4- hydroxy-2-methylphenyl)-3-n-dodecylmercaptobutan, Bis-(3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5- methylphenyl)-dicyclopentadien, Bis-[2-(3'-tert-butyl-2,-hydroxy-5'-methyl-benzyl)-6- tert-butyl-4-methyl-phenyl]-terephthalat, 1 , 1 -Bis-(3,5-dimethyl-2-hydroxyphenyl)-butan, 2,2-Bis-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-propan, 2,2-Bis-(5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-2- methylphenyl)-4-n-dodecylmercaptobutan, 1 ,1 ,5,5-Tetra-(5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-2- methyl-phenyl)-pentan, Ethylenglycol-bis[3,3-bis(3'-tert-butyl-4'-hydroxyphenyl)butyrat].
1.6 O-, N- und S-Benzylverbindungen, z.B. 3,5,3',5'-Tetra-tert-butyl-4,4'- dihydroxydibenzylether, Octadecyl-4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylbenzyl-mercaptoacetat, Tris- (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)-amin, Bis-(4-tert-butyl-3-hydroxy-2,6- dimethylbenzyl)-dithioterephthalat, Bis-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)-sulfid,
lsooctyl-3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl-mercaptoacetat, Tridecyl-4-hydroxy-3,5-di- tert-butylbenzyl-mercaptoacetat.
1.7 Hydroxybenzylierte Malonate, z.B. Dioctadecyl-2,2-bis-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-2-hydroxy- benzyl)-malonat, Di-octadecyl-2-(3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methylbenzyl)-malonat, Didodecylmercaptoethyl-2,2-bis-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)-malonat, Di- [4(1 ,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)-phenyl]-2,2-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)malonat.
1.8 Hydroxybenzyl-Aromaten, z.B. 1 ,3,5-Tris-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)-2,4,6- trimethylbenzol, 1 ,4-Bis-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)-2,3,5,6-tetramethylbenzol, 2,4,6-Tris-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)-phenol.
1.9 Triazinverbindungen, z.B. 2,4-Bis-octylmercapto-6-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanilino)- 1 ,3,5-triazin, 2-Octylmercapto-4,6-bis-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanilino)-1 ,3,5-triazin, 2-Octylmercapto-4,6-bis-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenoxy)-1 ,3,5-triazin, 2,4,6-Ths- (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenoxy)-1 ,2,3-triazin, 1 ,3,5-Tris-(3,5-tert-butyl-4- hydroxybenzyl)-isocyanurat, 1 ,3,5-Tris-(4-tert-butyl-3-hydroxy-2,6-dimethylbenzyl)- isocyanurat, 2,4,6-Tris-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylethyl)-1 ,3,5-triazin, 1 ,3,5-Tris- (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylpropionyl)-hexahydro-1 ,3,5-triazin, 1 ,3,5-Tris-(3,5- dicyclohexyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)-isocyanurat.
1.10 Benzylphosphonate, z.B. Dimethyl-2,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl-phosphonat, Diethyl-3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylphosphonat, Dioctadecyl-3,5-di-tert-butyl-4- hydroxybenzylphosphonat, Dioctadecyl-5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-3- methylbenzylphosphonat, Ca-Salz des 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl- phosphonsäure-monoethylesters.
1.11 Acylaminophenole, z.B. 4-Hydroxy-laurinsäureanilid, 4-Hydroxy-stearinsäureanilid, N- (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-carbaminsäureoctylester.
1.12 Ester der ß-(3,5-Di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-propionsäure mit ein- oder mehrwertigen Alkoholen, wie mit Methanol, Ethanol, n-Octanol, i-Octanol, Octadecanol, 1 ,6-Hexandiol, 1 ,9-Nonandiol, Ethylenglycol, 1 ,2-Propandiol, Neopentylglycol, Thiodiethylenglycol, Diethylenglycol, Triethylenglycol, Pentaerythrit, Tris-(hydroxyethyl)-isocyanurat, N,N'-Bis-(hydroxyethyl)-oxalsäurediamid, 3- Thiaundecanol, 3-Thiapentadecanol, Trimethylhexandiol, Trimethylolpropan, 4- Hydroxymethyl-1-phospha-2,6,7-trioxabicyclo-[2,2,2]-octan.
1.13 Ester der ß-(5-tert-Butyl-4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)-propionsäure mit ein- oder mehrwertigen Alkoholen, wie z.B. mit Methanol, Ethanol, n-Octanol, i-Octanol, Octadecanol, 1 ,6-Hexandiol, 1 ,9-Nonandiol, Ethylenglycol, 1 ,2-Propandiol, Neopentylglycol, Thiodietyhlenglycol, Diethylenglycol, T ethylenglycol, Pentaerythrit, Ths-(hydroxyethyl)-isocyanurat, N,N'-Bis-(hydroxyethyl)-oxalsäurediamid, 3- Thiaundecanol, 3-Thiapentadecanol, Trimethylhexandiol, Trimethylolpropan, 4- Hydroxymethyl-1-phospha-2,6,7-trioxabicyclo-[2,2,2]-octan.
1.14 Ester der ß-(3,5-Dicyclohexyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-propionsäure mit ein- oder mehrwertigen Alkoholen, wie z.B. Methanol, Ethanol, n-Octanol, i-Octanol, Octadecanol, 1 ,6-Hexandiol, 1 ,9-Nonandiol, Ethylenglycol, 1 ,2-Propandiol, Neopentylglycol, Thiodiethylenglycol, Diethylenglycol, Thethylenglycol, Pentaerythrit, Tris-(hydroxyethyl)-isocyanurat, N,N'-Bis-(hydroxyethyl)-oxalsäurediamid, 3- Thiaundecanol, 3-Thiapentadecanol, Trimethylhexandiol, Trimethylolpropan, 4- Hydroxymethyl-1-phospha-2,6,7-trioxabicyclo-(2,2,2)-octan.
1.15 Ester der 3,5-Di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylessigsäure mit ein- oder mehrwertigen Alkoholen, wie z.B. mit Methanol, Ethanol, n-Octanol, i-Octanol, Octadecanol, 1 ,6- Hexandiol, 1 ,9-Nonandiol, Ethylenglycol, 1 ,2-Propandiol, Neopentylglycol, Thiodiethylenglycol, Diethylenglycol, Thethylenglycol, Pentaerythrit, Tris- (hydroxyethyl)-isocyanurat, N,N'-Bis-(hydroxyethyl)-oxalsäurediamid, 3-Thiaundecanol, 3-Thiapentadecanol, Trimethylhexandiol, Trimethylolpropan, 4-Hydroxymethyl-1- phospha-2,6,7-trioxabicyclo-[2,2,2]-octan.
1.16 Ester der 3,3-Bis-(3'-tert-butyl-4'-hydroxyphenyl)-buttersäure mit ein- oder mehrwertigen Alkoholen, wie z.B. mit Methanol, Ethanol, n-Octanol, i-Octanol, Octadecanol, 1 ,6-Hexandiol, 1 ,9-Nonandiol, Ethylenglycol, 1 ,2-Propandiol, Neopentylglycol, Thiodiethylenglycol, Diethylenglycol, Thethylenglycol, Pentaerythrit, Tris-(hydroxyethyl)-isocyanurat, N,N'-Bis-(hydroxyethyl)-oxalsäurediamid, 3- Thiaundecanol, 3-Thiapentadecanol, Trimethylhexandiol, Trimethylolpropan, 4- Hydroxymethyl-1-phospha-2,6,7-trioxabicyclo-[2,2,2]-octan.
1.17 Amide der ß-(3,5-Di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-propionsäure, wie z.B. N,N'-Bis-(3,5- di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylpropionyl)-hexamethylendiamin, N,N' -Bis-(3,5-di-tert- butyl-4-hydroxyphenylpropionyl)-trimethylendiamin, N,N'-Bis-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4- hydroxyphenylpropionyl)-hydrazin.
Chroman- und Hydroxychroman-Denvate wie z B Tocopherol ( α-Tocopherol, ß- Tocopherol, γ-Tocopherol, δ-Tocopherol) und Mischungen davon (Vitamin E), desgleichen andere, auch handelsübliche Derivate wie Trolox, Tominox TT, ebenso 2,2-Dιalkyl-6-hydroxychromane und 2,2,7,8-Tetraalkyl-6-hydroxychromane, 2,2,5,8- Tetraalkyl-6-hydroxychromane, auch 2,2,5,7,8-Pentaalkyl-6-hydroxychromane
Ascorbinsaure (Vitamin C) und Ascorbyl-Denvate wie z B Ascorbylpalmitat
Aminische Antioxidantien, wie z B N, N'-Di-isopropyl-p-phenylendiamin, N,N'-Dι-sec- butyl-p-phenylendiamin, N,N'-Bιs(1 ,4-dιmethyl-pentyl)-p-phenylendιamιn, N,N'-Bιs(1- ethyl-3-methyl-pentyl)-p-phenylendιamιn, N,N'-Bιs(1-methyl-heptyl)-p-phenylendιamιn N,N'-Dιcyclohexyl-p-phenylendιamιn, N,N'-Dιphenyl-p-phenylendιamιn, N,N'- Dι(naphthyl-2-)-p-phenylendιamιn, N-Isopropyl N'-phenyl-p- phenylendiamin, N-(1 ,3- Dιmethyl-butyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylendιamιn, N-(1 -Methyl-heptyl)-N'-phenyl p- phenylendiamin, N-Cyclohexyl-N'-phenyl-p-phenylendiamin, 4-(p-Toluolsulfonamιdo)- diphenylamin, N,N'-Dιmethyl-N,N'-dι-sec-butyl-p-phenylendιamιn, Diphenylamin, N- Allyldiphenylamin, 4-lsopropoxy-dιphenyl-amιn, N-Phenyl-1-naphthylamιn, N-(4-tert- octylphenyl)-1-naphthylamιn, N-Phenyl-2-naphthylamιn, octyhertes Diphenylamin, z B p.p'-Di-tert-octyldiphenylamin, 4-n-Butylamιnophenol, 4-Butyrylamιnophenol, 4- Nonanoylaminophenol, 4-Dodecanoylamιnophenol, 4-Octadecanoylamιnophenol, Dι(4- methoxyphenyl)-amιn, 2,6-Dι-tert-butyl-4-dιmethylamιno-methyl-phenol, 2,4'-Dιamιno- diphenylmethan, 4,4'-Dιamιno-dιphenylmethan, N,N,N',N'-Tetramethyl-4,4'dιamιno- diphenylmethan, 1 ,2-Dι-[(2-methyl-phenyl)-amιno]-ethan, 1 ,2-Dι-(phenylamιno)-propan (o-Tolyl)-bιguanιd, Dι-[4-(1',3'-dι-methyl-butyl)-phenyl]amιn, tert-octyliertes N-Phenyl-1- naphthylamin, Gemisch aus mono- und dialkyherten tert Butyl-/tert- Octyldiphenylaminen, Gemisch aus mono- und dialkyherten Nonyldiphenylaminen, Gemisch aus mono- und dialkyherten Dodecyidiphenylaminen, Gemisch aus mono- und dialkyherten Isopropyl/lsohexyl-diphenylaminen, Gemisch aus mono- und dialkyherten tert-Butyldiphenylaminen, 2,3-Dιhydro-3,3-dιmethyl-4H-1 ,4-benzothιazιn, Phenothiazin, Gemisch aus mono- und dialkyherten tert-Butyl/tert-Octyl- phenothiazinen, Gemisch aus mono- und dialkyherten tert-Octyl-phenothiazinen, N- Allylphenothiazin, N.N.N'.N'-Tetra-phenyl-l ,4-dιamιnobut-2-en, N,N-Bιs(2,2,6,6- tetramethylpιperιdιn-4-yl)-hexamethylendιamιn, Bιs-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpιperιdιn-4-yl)- sebacat, 2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpιperιdιn-4-on, 2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpιperιdιn-4-ol
UV-Absorber und Lichtschutzmittel
2-(2'-Hydroxyphenyl)-benztrιazole, wie z B 2-(2'-Hydroxy-5'-methylphenyl)-benztrιazol, 2-(3',5'-Dι-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxyphenyl)-benztrιazol, 2-(5'-tert-Butyl-2'-hydroxyphenyl)- benztnazol, 2-[2'-Hydroxy-5'-(1 ,1 ,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)phenyl]-benztrιazol, 2-(3',5'-Dι- tert-butyl-2'-hydroxy-phenyl)-5-chlor-benztrιazol,2-(3' -tert-Butyl-2'-hydroxy-5'- methylphenyl)-5-chlor-benztrιazol, 2-(3'-sec-Butyl-5'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxyphenyl)- benztriazol, 2-(2'-Hydroxy-4'-octoxyphenyl)-benztrιazol, 2-(3',5'-Dι-tert-amyl-2'- hydroxyphenyl)-benztrιazol, 2-(3',5'-Bιs-(α,α-dιmethylbenzyl)-2'-hydroxyphenyl)- benztriazol, Mischung aus 2-(3'-tert-Butyl-2'-hydroxy-5'-(2-octyloxycarbonylethyl)- phenyl)-5-chlor-benztrιazol, 2-(3'-tert-Butyl-5'-[2-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-carbonylethyl]-2'- hydroxyphenyl)-5-chlor-benztrιazol, 2-(3'-tert-Butyl-2'-hydroxy-5'-(2- methoxycarbonylethyl)phenyl)-5-chlor-benztnazol, 2-(3'-tert-Butyl-2'-hydroxy-5'-(2- methoxycarbonylethyl)phenyl)-benztrιazol, 2-(3'-tert-Butyl-2'-hydroxy-5'-(2- octyloxycarbonylethyl)phenyl)-benztrιazol, 2-(3'-tert-Butyl-5'-[2-(2- ethylhexyloxy)carbonylethyl]-2'-hydroxyphenyl)-benztrιazol, 2-(3'-Dodecyl-2'-hydroxy-5'- methylphenyl)-benztrιazol, und 2-(3'-tert-Butyl-2'-hydroxy-5'-(2- ιsooctylocycarbonylethyl)phenyl-benztrιazol, 2,2'-Methylen-bιs-[4-(1 ,1 ,3,3- tetramethylbutyl)-6-benztrιazol-2-yl-phenol], Umesterungsprodukt von 2-[3'-tert-Butyl- 5'(2-methoxycarbonylethyl)-2'-hydroxyphenyl]-benztrιazol mit Polyethylenglycol 300, [R-CH2CH2-COO(CH2)3]-2 mit R = 3'-tert-Butyl-4'-hydroxy-5'-2H-benztrιazol-2-yl-phenyl
2-Hydroxybenzophenone, wie z B das 4-Hydroxy-, 4-Methoxy-, 4-Octoxy, 4-Decyloxy, 4-Dodecyloxy-, 4-Benzyloxy-, 4,2',4'-Trιhydroxy-, 2'-Hydroxy-4,4'-dιmethoxy-Derιvat
Ester von gegebenenfalls substituierten Benzoesauren, wie z B 4-tert-Butyl- phenylsahcylat, Phenylsahcylat, Octylphenylsa cylat, Dibenzoylresorcin, Bιs-(4-tert- butylbenzoyl)-resorcιn, Benzoylresorαn, 3,5-Dι-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoesaure-2,4-dι- tert-butylphenylester, 3,5-Dι-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzosaurehexadecylester, 3,5-Dι-tert- butyl-4-hydroxy-benzoesaureoctadecylester, 3,5-Dι-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoesaure-2- methyl-4,6-dι-tert-butylphenylester
Acrylate wie z B α-Cyan-ß,ß-dιphenylacrylsaureethylester bzw -isooctylester, α- Carbomethoxyzimtsauremethylester, α-Cyano-ß-methyl-p-methoxyzimtsauremethyl- ester bzw -butylester, α-Carbomethoxy-p-methoxy-zimtsauremethylester, N-(ß-Carbo- methoxy-ß-cyanovιnyl)-2-methyhndohn
Nickelverbindungen wie z B Nickelkomplexe des 2,2'-Thιo-bιs-[4-(1 ,1 ,3,3 tetramethylbutyl)-phenols] wie der 1 1 oder der 1 2 Komplex, gegebenenfalls mit zusätzlichen Liganden, wie n-Butylamm, Tπethanolamin oder N-Cyclohexyl- diethanolamin, Nickeldibutyldithiocarbamat, Nickelsalze von 4-Hydroxy-3,5-dι-tert- butyl-benzylphosphonsauremonoalkylestern, wie vom Methyl- oder Ethylester, Nickelkomplexe von Ketoximen, wie von 2-Hydroxy-4-methyl-phenylundecylketoxιm, Nickelkomplexe des 1-Phenyl-4-lauroyl-5-hydroxy-pyrazols, gegebenenfalls mit zusätzlichen Liganden
Stensch gehinderte Amme, wie z B Bιs-(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-pιperιdιn-4-yl)-sebacat, Bιs-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpιperιdιn-4-yl)-glutarat, Bιs-(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-pιperιdιn-4-yl)- succmat, Bιs-(1 ,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpιpeπdιn-4-yl)-sebacat, Bιs-(1 ,2,2,6,6- pentamethylpιperιdιn-4-yl)-glutarat, n-Butyl-3,5-dι-tert-butyl-4- hydroxybenzylmalonsaure-bιs(1 ,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpιperιdyl)-ester, 2,2,6,6- Tetramethylpipeπdylbehenat, 1 ,2,2,6,6-Pentamethylpιperιdylbehenat, Kondensationsprodukt aus 1-Hydroxyethyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-hydroxypιperιdιn und Bernsteinsaure, Kondensationsprodukt aus N,N'-Bιs-(2,2,6,6-Tetramethyl-4-pιperιdyl)- hexamethylendiamm und 4-tert-Octylamιno-2,6-dιchlor-1 ,3,5-s-trιazιn, Trιs-(2, 2,6,6- tetramethyl-4-pιperιdyl)-nιtrιlotrιacetat, Tetrakιs-(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-pιperιdyl)- 1 ,2,3,4-butantetraoat, 1 ,r-(1 ,2-Ethandιyl)-bιs-(3,3,5,5-tetramethylpιperazιnon), 4- Benzoyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpιperιdιn, 4-Stearyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpιpeπdιn, 4- Stearoyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpιperιdιn, 4-Stearyloxy-1 ,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpιperιdιn, 4-Stearoyloxy-1 ,2,2,6,6-pentamethyipιperιdιn, Bιs-(1 ,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpιperιdyl)-2-n- butyl-2-(2-hydroxy-3,5-dι-tert-butylbenzyl)-malonat, Bιs-(1 ,2,2,6,6- pentamethylpιperιdyl)-2-n-butyl-2-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dι-tert-butylbenzyl)-malonat, 3-n- Octyl-7,7,9,9-tetramethyl-1 ,3,8-trιazaspιro [4,5] decan-2,4-dιon, Bιs-(1-octyloxy-2, 2,6,6- tetramethylpιperιdyl)-sebacat, Bιs-(1-octyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpιperιdyl)-succιnat, Kondensationsprodukt aus N,N'-Bιs-(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-pιperιdyl)- hexamethylendiamin und 4-Morpholιno-2,6-dιchlor-1 ,3,5-trιazιn, Kondensationsprodukt aus N,N'-Bιs(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-pιperιdyl)-hexamethylendιamιn und 4- Cyclohexylamιno-2,6-dιchlor-1 ,3,5-trιazιn, Kondensationsprodukt aus 2-Chlor-4,6-dι-(4- n-butylamιno-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-pιperιdyl)-1 ,3,5-trιazιn und 1 ,2-Bιs-(3- amιnopropylamιno)ethan, Kondensationsprodukt aus 2-Chlor-4,6-dι-(4- methoxypropylamιno-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpιperιdyl)-1 ,3,5-trιazιn und 1 ,2-Bιs-(3- amιnopropylamιno)ethan, Kondensationsprodukt aus 2-Chlor-4,6-dι-(4- methoxypropylamιno-1 ,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpιperιdyl)-1 ,3,5-trιazιn und 1 ,2-Bιs-(3- amιnopropylamιno)ethan, Kondensationsprodukt aus 2-Chlor-4,6-dι-(4-n-butylamιno-
1 ,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpιperιdyl)-1 ,3,5-trιazιn und 1 ,2-Bιs-(3-amιnopropylamιno)ethan, Umsetzungsprodukte von 2-Chlor-4,6-dι-(4-n-butylamιno-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpιpeπdyl)- 1 ,3,5-trιazιn mit ein- oder mehrwertigen Ammen, wobei zwischen einem und allen aktiven H-Atomen am Amm ersetzt werden, wie mit Ethylendiamin, Diethylentnamin, Triethylentetramm, Hexamethylendiamin, 1 ,2-Bιs-(3-amιnopropylamιno)athan, Umsetzungsprodukte von 2-Chlor-4,6-dι-(4-n-butylamιno-1 ,2,2,6,6- pentamethylpιperιdyl)-1 ,3,5-trιazιn mit ein- oder mehrwertigen Ammen, wobei zwischen einem und allen aktiven H-Atomen am Amm ersetzt werden, wie mit Ethylendiamin, Diethylentnamin, Triethylentetramm, Hexamethylendiamin, 1 ,2-Bιs-(3- amιnopropylamιno)ethan, Umsetzungsprodukte von 2-Chlor-4,6-dι-(4-n-butylamιno- 2,2,6,6-tetramethy!-pιperιdyl)-1 ,3,5-trιazιn und 4-tert-Octylamιno-2,6-dιchlor-1 ,3,5-s- tnazin mit ein- oder mehrwertigen Ammen, wobei zwischen einem und allen aktiven H- Atomen am Amm ersetzt werden, wie mit Ethylendiamin, Diethylentnamin, Triethylentetramm, Hexamethylendiamin, 1 ,2-Bιs-(3-amιnopropylamιno)ethan, Umsetzungsprodukte von 2-Chlor-4,6-dι-(4-n-butylamιno-1 ,2,2,6,6- pentamethylpιperιdyl)-1 ,3,5-trιazιn und 4-tert-Octylamιno-2,6-dιchlor-1 ,3,5-s-trιazιn mit ein- oder mehrwertigen Ammen, wobei zwischen einem und allen aktiven H-Atomen am Amm ersetzt werden, wie mit Ethylendiamin, Diethylentnamin, Triethylentetramm Hexamethylendiamin, 1 ,2-Bιs-(3-amιnopropyl-amιno)ethan, Umsetzungsprodukte von 2-Chlor-4,6-dι-(4-n-butylamιno-2,2,6,6-tetra-methylpιperιdyl)-1 ,3,5-trιazιn und 4-(4-n- Butylamιno-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpιperιdyl)-2,6-dιchior-1 ,3,5-s-trιazιn mit ein- oder mehrwertigen Ammen, wobei zwischen einem und allen aktiven H-Atomen am Am ersetzt werden, wie mit Ethylendiamin, Diethylentnamin, Triethylentetramm, Hexamethylendiamin, 1 ,2-Bιs-(3-amιnopropylamιno)-ethan, Umsetzungsprodukte von 2-Chlor-4,6-dι-(4-n-butylamιno-1 ,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpιperιdyl)-1 ,3,5-trιazιn und 4-(4-n- Butylamιno-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpιperιdyl)-2,6-dιchlor-1 ,3,5-s-trιazιn mit ein- oder mehrwertigen Am en, wobei zwischen einem und allen aktiven H-Atomen am Amm ersetzt werden, wie mit Ethylendiamin, Diethylentnamin, Triethylentetramm, Hexamethylendiamin, 1 ,2-Bιs-(3-amιnopropylamιno)ethan, Kondensationprodukt aus 1 ,2-Bιs(3-amιnopropylamιno)-ethan und 2,4,6-Trιchlor-1 ,3,5-trιazιn sowie 4- Butylamιno-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpιperιdιn, N-(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-pιperιdyl)-n- dodecylsuccmimid, N-(1 ,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-pιperιdyl)-n-dodecylsuccιnιmιd, 8- Acetyl-3-Dodecyl-7,7,9,9-tetramethyl-1 ,3,8-trιazaspιro[4,5]decan-2,4-dιon, Ohgomensiertes 2,2,4,4-Tetramethyl-20-(oxιranylmethyl)-7-oxa-3,20-dιaza- dιspιro[5 1 1 1 2]heneιcosan-21-on, Ohgomensiertes 1 ,2,2,4,4-Pentamethyl-20- (oxιranyimethyl)-7-oxa-3,20-dιazadιspιro-[5 1 1 1 2]heneιcosan-21-on, Ohgomensiertes 1-Acetyl-2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-20-(oxιranyl-methyl)-7-oxa-3,20-dιaza-
dιspιro[5 1 1 1 2]heneιcosan-21-on, 3-Dodecyl-1 -(2,2,6, 6-tetra-methyl-4- pιperιdyl)pyrrohdιn-2,5-dιon, 3-Dodecyl-1 -(1 , 2,2,6, 6-pentamethyl-4-pιperιdyl)-pyrrohdιn- 2,5-dιon, 2,2,4,4-Tetramethyl-7-oxa-3,20-dιazadιspιro-[5 1 11 2]-heneιcosan-21-on, 2,2,4,4-Tetramethyl-7-oxa-21 -oxo-3, 20-dιazadιspιro-[5 1 11 2]-heneιcosan-3- propansaure-dodecylester, 2,2,4,4-Tetramethyl-7-oxa-21-oxo-3,20-dιazadιspιro- [5 1 11 2]-heneιcosan-3-propansauretetradecylester, 2,2,3,4,4-Pentamethyl-7-oxa- 3,20-dιazadιspιro-[5 1 11 2]heneιcosan-21-on, 2,2,3,4,4-Penta-methyl-7-oxa-21-oxo- 3,20-dιaza-dιspιro-[5 1 11 2]heneιcosan-3-propansaure-dodecylester, 2,2,3,4,4- Pentamethyl-7-oxa-21 -oxo-3, 20-dιazadιspιro-[5 1 11 2]-heneιcosan-3- propansauretetradecylester, 3-Acetyl-2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-7-oxa-3,20-dιazadιspιro- [5 1 11 2]heneιcosan-21-on, 3-Acetyl-2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-7-oxa-21-oxo-3,20-dιaza- dιspιro-[5 1 1 1 2]heneιcosan-3-propansaure-dodecylester, 3-AcetyI-2, 2,4,4- tetramethyl-7-oxa-21-oxo-3,20-dιazadιspιro-[5 1 11 2]heneιcosan-3- propansauretetradecylester, 1 ,1',3,3',5,5'-Hexahydro-2,2',4,4',6,6'-hexaaza-2,2',6,6'- bιsmethano-7,8-dιoxo-4,4'-bιs-(1 ,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-pιperιdyl)-bιphenyl, Poly-N,N'- bιs-(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-pιperιdyl)-1 ,8-dιazadecyclen, Additionsverbindung von 2,2,6,6-Tetramethyl-4-allyloxy-pιperιdιn und Polymethylhydrogensiloxan (Molmasse bis 4000), Additionsverbindung von 1 ,2,2,6,6-Pentamethyl-4-allyloxypιperιdιn und Polymethylhydrogensiloxan (Molmasse bis 4000), N,N'-Dι-formyl-N,N'-bιs-(2, 2,6,6- tetramethyl-4-pιperιdιnyl)-hexamethylendιamιn, N,N'-Dι-formyl-N,N'-bιs-(1 ,2,2,6,6- pentamethyl-4-pιperιdιnyl)-hexamethylendιamιn, 5,11 -Bιs-(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4- pιperιdιnyl)-3,5,7,9,11 ,13-hexaaza-tetracyclo-[7 4 0 02 7 13 l3]-tetradecan-8,14-dιon, 5, 1 1 -Bιs-(1 ,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-pιperιdιnyl)-3,5,7,9, 1 1 , 13-hexaazatetracyclo- [7 4 0 02 7 13 13]-tetradecan-8,14-dιon, [(4-Methoxyphenyl)-methylen]-propandιsaure- bιs-(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-pιperιdιnyl)-ester, [(4-Methoxyphenyl)-methylen]- propandιsaure-bιs-(1 ,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-pιperιdιnyl)-ester, 2,4,6-Trιs-(N-cyclohexyl- N-[2-(3,3,4,5,5-pentamethyl-pιperazιnon-1-yl)-ethyl]-amιno)-1 ,3,5-trιazιn, Copolymensat aus Styrol mit Methylstyrol und Maleinsaureanhydnd umgesetzt mit 4- Amιno-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpιperιdιn und Octadecylamm, Copolymensat aus Styrol mit α-Methylstyrol und Maleinsaureanhydnd umgesetzt mit 4-Amιno-1 ,2,2,6,6- pentamethylpipeπdin und Octadecylamm, Polycarbonat mit 2,2'-[(2,2,6,6-Tetramethyl- 4-pιperιdιnyl)-ιmιno]-bιs-[ethanol] als Diolkomponente, Polycarbonat aus 2,2'- (1 ,2,2,6,6-Pentamethyl-4-pιperιdιnyl)-ιmιno]-bιs-[ethanol] als Diolkomponente, Copolymer aus Maleinsaureanhydnd und einem α-Olefin bis C30 umgesetzt mit 4- Amιno-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpιperιdιn, Copolymer aus Maleinsaureanhydnd und einem α- Olefm bis C30 umgesetzt mit 1-Acetyl-4-amιno-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpιperιdιn, Copolymer aus Maleinsaureanhydnd und einem α-Olefin bis C30 umgesetzt mit 4-Amιno-1 ,2,2,6,6-
pentamethylpipeπdin, sowie die N-Alkyl- und N-Aryl-oxydenvate der oben genannten Verbindungen mit freien NH-Gruppen am Piperidm, speziell α-Methylbenzyloxy- und Alkyloxy- von d bis C18
Oxalsaurediamide, wie z B 4,4'-Dι-octyloxyoxanιhd, 2,2'-Dιethoxyoxanιlιd, 2,2'-Dι- octyloxy-5,5'-dι-tert-butyl-oxanιlιd, 2,2'-Dι-dodecyloxy-5,5'-dι-tert-butyl-oxanιlιd, 2- Ethoxy-2'-ethyloxanιlιd, N,N'-Bιs-(3-dιmethylamιnopropyl)-oxalamιd, 2-Ethoxy-5-tert- butyl-2'-ethyloxanιhd und dessen Gemisch mit 2-Ethoxy-2'-ethyl-5,4'-dι-tert-butyl- oxanihd, Gemische von o- und p-Methoxy- sowie von o- und p-Ethoxy-di-substituierten Oxani den
2-(2-Hydroxyphenyl)-1 ,3,5-trιazme, wie z B 2,4,6-Trιs-(2-hydroxy-4-octyloxyphenyl)-
1 ,3,5-trιazιn, 2-(2-Hydroxy-4-octyloxyphenyl)-4',6-bιs-(2',4-dιmethylphenyl)-1 ,3,5- triazin, 2-(2,4-Dιhydroxyphenyl)-4,6-bιs-(2,4-dιmethylphenyl)-1 ,3,5-trιazιn, 2-(2,4- Dιhydroxyphenyl)-4,6-bιs-(2,4-dιmethylphenyl)-1 ,3,5-trιazιn, 2,4-Bιs-(2-hydroxy-4- propyloxyphenyl)-6-(2,4-dιmethylphenyl)-1 ,3,5-trιazιn, 2-(2-Hydroxy-4-octyloxyphenyl)- 4,6-bιs(4-methylphenyl)-1 ,3,5-trιazιn, 2-(2-Hydroxy-4-dodecyloxyphenyl)-4,6-bιs(2,4-dι- methylphenyl)-1 ,3,5-trιazιn, 2-[2-Hydroxy-4-(2-hydroxy-3-butyloxypropyloxy)phenyl]- 4,6-bιs(2,4-dιmethylphenyl)-1 ,3,5-trιazιn, 2-[2-hydroxy-4-(2-hydroxy-3- octyloxypropyloxy)phenyl]-4,6-bιs(2,4-dιmethylphenyl)-1 ,3,5-trιazιn, 2-(2-Hydroxy-4- trιdecyloxyphenyl)-4,6-bιs-(2,4-dιmethylphenyl)-1 ,3,5-trιazιn, 2-[4- dodecyloxy/trιdecyloxy-2-hydroxypropoxy)-2-hydroxy-phenyl]-4,6-bιs(2,4- dιmethylphenyl)-1 ,3,5-trιazιn, 2-[2-Hydroxy-4-(2-hydroxy-3-dodecyloxy- propoxy)phenyl]-4,6-bιs(2,4-dιmethylphenyl)-1 ,3,5-trιazιn, 2-(2-Hydroxy-4- hexyloxy)phenyl-4,6-dιphenyl-1 ,3,5-trιazιn, 2-(2-Hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-4,6- dιphenyl-1 ,3,5-trιazιn, 2,4,6-Trιs[2-hydroxy-4-(3-butoxy-2-hydroxypropoxy)-phenyl]- 1 ,3,5-trιazιn, 2-(2-Hydroxyphenyl)-4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-6-phenyl-1 ,3,5-trιazιn
Metalldesaktivatoren, wie z B N.N'-Diphenyloxalsaurediamid, N-Sahcylal-N'- sahcyloylhydrazin, N,N'-Bιs-(sahcyloyl)-hydrazιn, N,N'-Bιs-(3,5-dι-tert-butyl-4- hydroxyphenylpropιonyl)-hydrazιn, 3-Sahcyloylamιno-1 ,2,4-trιazol, Bιs-(benzyhden)- oxalsauredihydrazid, Oxanihd, Isophthalsauredihydrazid, Sebacmsaurebisphenyl- hydrazid, N,N'-Dιacetyladιpιnsauredιhydrazιd, N,N'-Bιs-sahcyloyloxalsauredιhydrazιd, N,N'-Bιs-sahcyloylthιopropιonsauredιhydrazιd
Phosphite und Phosphonite, wie z B Tπphenylphosphit, Diphenylalkylphosphite, Phenyldialkylphosphite, Trιs-(nonylphenyl)-phosphιt, Trilaurylphosphit,
Trioctadecylphosphit, Distearylpentaerythπtdiphosphit, Trιs-(2,4-dι-tert-butylphenyl)- phosphit, Dnsodecylpentaerythritdiphosphit, Bιs-(2,4-dι-tert-butylphenyl)- pentaerythntdiphosphit, Bιs-(2,6,-dι-tert-butyl-4-methylphenyl)-pentaerythrιtdιphosphιt Bis-isodecyloxy-penta-erythntdiphosphit, Bιs-(2,4-dι-tert-butyl-6-methylphenyl)- pentaerythntdiphosphit, Bιs-(2,4,6-trι-tert-butylphenyl)-pentaerytrιtdιphosphιt, Tnstearyl- sorbit-triphosphit, Tetrakιs-(2,4-dι-tert-butylphenyl)-4,4'-bιphenylendιphosphonιt, 6- lsooctyloxy-2,4,8, 10-tetra-tert-butyl-12H-dι-benz[d,g]-1 ,3,2-dιoxaphosphocιn, 6-Fluor- 2,4,8,10-tetra-tert-butyl-12-methyl-dιbenz[d,g]-1 ,3,2-dιoxaphophocιn, Bιs-(2,4-dι-tert- butyl-6-methylphenyl)-methylphosphιt, Bιs-(2,4-dι-tert-butyl-6-methylphenyl)- ethylphosphit, Trιs(2-tert-butyl-4-thιo(2'-methyl-4'-hydroxy-5'-tert-butyl)-phenyl-5- methyl)-phenylphosphιt, 2,2',2"-Nιtrιlo[trιethyl-trιs(3,3',5,5'-tetra-tert-butyl-1 , 1 '-biphenyl- 2,2'-dιyl)phosphιt], Bιs[2-methyl-4,6-bιs(1 , 1 - dιmethylethyl)phenol]phosphorιgsaureethylester
Hydroxylamme, wie z B N,N-Dιbenzylhydroxylamιn, N,N-Dιethylhydroxylamιn, N,N- Dioctylhydroxylamin, N,N-Dιlaurylhydroxylamιn, N,N-Dιtetradecylhydroxylamιn, N,N- Dihexadecylhydroxylamm, N,N-Dιoctadecylhydroxylamιn, N-Hexadecyl-N- octadecylhydroxylamm, N-Heptadecyl-N-octadecylhydroxylamm, N,N- Dialkylhydroxylaminen hergestellt aus hydriertem Talgfettamin
Nitrone, wie z B N-Benzyl-alpha-phenylnitron, N-Ethyl-alpha-methylnitron, N-Octyl- alphaheptyl-nitron, N-Lauryl-alphaundecylnitron, N-Tetradecyl-alpha-tridecylnitron, N- Hexadecyl-alpha-pentadecylnitron, N-Octadecyl-alpha-heptadecyl-nitron, N-Hexadecyl- alpha-heptadecylnitron, N-Octadecyl-alpha-pentadecylnitron, N-Heptadecyl-alpha- heptadecylnitron, N-Octa-decyl-alpha-hexadecylnitron, Nitrone abgeleitet von N,N- Dialkylhydroxylam en, hergestellt aus hydrierten Talgfettammen
Zeo the und Hydrotalcite, wie z B ®DHT 4A Solche Hydrotalcite können nach der allgemeinen Formel
[(M2+)1 x (M3+)x (OH)2 (An )x/n yH20],
beschrieben werden, wobei
(M2+) bedeutet Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Zn, Pb, Sn, Ni (M3+) bedeutet AI, B, Bi
An bedeutet ein Anion der Wertigkeit n n bedeutet eine ganze Zahl von 1 - 4 x bedeutet einen Wert zwischen 0 und 0,5 y bedeutet einen Wert zwischen 0 und 2
A bedeutet OH", CI", Br , I , CI04-, CH3COO , C6H5COO", C03 2 , S04 2 , (OOC-COO) , (CHOHCOO)2 2 , HO(CHOH)4CH2COO , C2H4(COO)2 2 , (CH2COO)2 2 , CH3CHOHCOO , Sι03 2 , Sι04 4 , Fe(CN)6 3-, Fe(CN)6 4", B03 3", P03 3", HP04 2
Bevorzugt eingesetzt werden Hydrotalcite, in welchen (M2+) für (Ca2+), (Mg2+) oder eine Mischung aus (Mg2+) und (Zn2+), (An") für C03 2', B03 3", P03 3 stehen x hat einen Wert von 0 bis 0,5 und y hat einen Wert von 0 bis 2 Weiterhin können auch Hydrotalcite, die mit der Formel
[(M2+)x (AI3+)2 (OH)2x+6nz (An )2 yH20]
beschrieben werden können, eingesetzt werden Hier steht (M2+) für Mg2+, Zn2+, bevorzugterweise jedoch Mg2+ (An ) steht für ein Anion, besonders aus der Gruppe C03 2 , (OOC-COO)2", OH und S2 , wobei n die Wertigkeit des Ions beschreibt
y steht für eine positive Zahl, bevorzugterweise zwischen 0 und 5, ganz besonders zwischen 0,5 und 5 x und z haben positive Werte, die bei x bevorzugt zwischen 2 und 6 hegen und bei z kleiner als 2 sein sollten Besonders bevorzugt sind die Hydrotalcite der folgenden Formeln anzusehen
Al203 x 6MgO x C02 x 12H20 , Mg4 5AI2(OH)13 x C03 x 3 5H20 , 4MgO x Al203 x C02 x 9H20 , 4MgO x Al203 x C02 x 6H20 , ZnO x 3MgO x Al203 x C02 x 8-9H20 , ZnO x 3MgO x Al203 x C02 x 5-6H20 , Mg4 5AI2(OH)13 x C03
Hydrotalcite werden im Polymer bevorzugt in einer Konzentration von 0,01 bis 5 Gew - %, besonders von 0,2 bis 3 Gew -%, bezogen auf die gesamte Polymerzubereitung, eingesetzt
Thiosynergisten, wie z B Thiodipropionsauredilaurylester oder Thiodipropionsauredistearylester
Peroxidzerstorende Verbindungen wie z B Ester der ß-Thio-dipropionsaure, beispielsweise der Lauryl-, Stearyl-, Mynstyl- oder Tridecylester, Mercaptobenzimidazol, das Zinksalz des 2-Mercaptobenzιmιdazols, Zink-alkyl- dithiocarbamate, Zmkdibutyl-dithiocarbamat, Dioctadecylmonosulfid, Dioctadecyldisulfid, Pentaerythrιt-tetrakιs-(ß-dodecyl-mercapto)-propιonat
Polyamidstabihsatoren, wie z B Kupfersalze in Kombination mit Jodiden und/oder Phosphorverbindungen und Salze des zweiwertigen Mangans
Basische Co-Stabihsatoren wie z B Melamin, Polyvmylpyrrohdon, Dicyandiamid, Tnallylcyanurat, Harnstoff-Derivate, Hydrazin-Denvate, Amme, Polyamide Polyurethane, Alkali- und Erdalkahsalze höherer Fettsauren, beispielsweise Ca- Stearat, Zn-Stearat, Mg-Behenat, Mg-Stearat, Na-Ricmoleat, K-Palmitat, Antimonbrenzcatechmat oder Zinnbrenzcatechmat, Alkali- und Erdalkahsalze sowie das Zinksalz oder das Aluminiumsalz von Milchsäure
Nukleierungsmittel, wie z B anorganische Stoffe, wie z B Talk, Metalloxide, wie z B Titandioxid oder Magnesiumoxid, Phosphate, Carbonate oder Sulfate von vorzugsweise Erdalkalimetallen, organische Verbindungen, wie Mono- oder Polycarbonsauren sowie auch ihrer Salze, wie z B 4-tert-Butylbenzoesaure, Adip saure, Diphenylessigsaure, Natπumsuccinat oder Natnumbenzoat, Acetale von aromatischen Aldehyden und polyfunktionellen Alkoholen wie z B Sorbitol, wie z B
1 ,3-2,4-Dι(benzιhden)-D-sorbιtol, 1 ,3-2,4-Dι(4-tolyhden)-D-sorbιtol, 1 ,3-2,4-Dι(4- ethylbenzιhden)-D-sorbιtol, polymere Verbindungen, wie z B ionische Copolymensate ("lonomere")
Füllstoffe und Verstarkungsmittel, wie z B Calαumcarbonat, Silikate, Glasfasern, Asbest, Talk, Kaolin, Glimmer, Baπumsulfat, Metalloxide und -hydroxide, Ruß, Graphit, Holzmehl und andere Mehle oder Fasern anderer Naturprodukte, synthetische Fasern
Sonstige Zusätze, wie z B Weichmacher, Gleitmittel, Emulgatoren, Pigmente, Rheologieadditive, Katalysatoren, Verlaufshilfsmittel, Optische Aufheller, Flammschutzmittel, Antistatika Treibmittel
15 Benzofuranone bzw Indolme, wie z B in US-4325863, US-4338244, US-5175312, US-5216052, US-5252643, DE-A-431661 1 , DE-A-4316622, DE-A-4316876, EP-A- 0589839 oder EP-A-0591102 beschrieben oder 3-[4-(2-Acetoxyethoxy)phenyl]-5,7-dι- tert-butyl-benzofuran-2-on, 5,7-Dι-tert-butyl-3-[4-(2-stearoyloxyethoxy)phenyl]- benzofuranon-2-on, 3,3'-Bιs[5,7-dι-tert-butyl-3-(4-[2-hydroxyethoxy]-phenyl)- benzofuran-2-on, 5,7-Dι-tert-butyl-3-(4-ethoxyphenyl)-benzofuran-2-on, 3-(4-Acetoxy- 3,5-dιmethylphenyl)-5,7-dι-tert-butyl-benzofuran-2-on, 3-(3,5-Dιethyl-4-pιvaloyloxy- phenyl)-5,7-dι-tert-butyl-benzofuran-2-on
Als Konsequenz solcher auf diese Weise modifizierten Stabilisator-Gemische ist eine kleinere Gesamtkonzentration der antioxidativen Wirksubstanzen gegenüber herkömmlichen Stabilisator-Gemischen erforderlich, um die notwendige Stabilisierung zu erzielen
BEISPIELE
Einfluss von Phthaliden bei der Mehrfachextrusion von Polyethylen Ein Ansatz von 3 kg eines unstabihsierten PE-HD-Pulvers (Phillips-Typ, Schmelzmdex bei 190 °C/2 16kg 0,28, Dichte 0,938 g/cm3) wurde mit dem jeweiligen Phtha d in einer Konzentration von 0,1 Gew -%, bezogen auf das Polymere, mittels eines Hochgeschwmdigkeits-Ruhrwerks vom Typ Thyssen-Henschel FM /A10 bei 738 Umdrehungen pro Minute wahrend eines Zeitraumes von 3 Minuten vermischt Die anschhessende Schmelzhomogenisierung und Mehrfachextrusion erfolgte mit Hilfe eines Einschnecken-Extruders vom Typ Rheomex S 3 / 4 (L/D 25) der mit einem Rheometer (Typ Rheocord EU-10V) versehen war Die Dusenoffnung am Extruderausgang besaß einen Durchmesser von 4 Millimetern Die Temperatur aller Extruderzonen betrug einheitlich 220 °C Gemass Norm ASTM D 1238-79 wurde die Bestimmung des Schmelzflusses (MFI) bei einer Temperatur von 190 °C mit einem Normgewicht von 2,16 kg mittels eines Schmelzfluss-Messgerats (Typ Gottfert MPS-D) durchgeführt
Für die Verbindungen OXPHT und PXPHT ermittelte man folgende MFI-Werte (in Gramm/ 10 Min ), denen die entsprechenden Werte des unstabihsierten PE-LD gegenüberstehen (Beim vorliegenden Polyethylen-Typ bedeutet Abfall der MFI-Werte nachfolgender Extrusions-Passagen eine - unerwünschte - Erhöhung der Viskosität durch dominierende Vernetzungsprozesse)
Es zeigt sich klar, daß die erfindungsgemäße Verwendung der vorstehend erwähnten Phthalide zu einer deutlichen Erhöhung der Verarbeitungsstabilität führt.
Andere Beispiele belegen diesen Befund. So lässt sich etwa PE-HD nach oben beschriebenem Beispiel durch Einsatz von 0,1 Gew.-% des Phthalids EPPHT nicht nur unter weitgehendem Erhalt des ursprünglichen Molekulargewichts resp. unter annähernd konstantem Schmelzflussindex (MFI) bei 260 °C mehrfach extrudieren, sondern auch bei einem Vergleich mit der gleichen Konzentration des kommerziellen Phenols Irganox 1010 unter deutlich geringerem Farbanstieg. Die Farbmessung erfolgte am Granulat mittels eines Farbmessgeräts vom Typ Hunterlab Colourquest 45/0. Für die Auswertung des einzelnen Farbwerts (Yellowness Index, Yl) wurden die Ergebnisse dreier individueller Proben einer Charge gemittelt. Die Resultate sind nachfolgend in Tab. 2 dargestellt.
TABELLE 2
Aus der Praxis ist bekannt, dass vorhandene Vinylgruppen in Polyethylen hoher Dichte (PE- HD) im Laufe der Mehrfachextrusion einen signifikanten Abfall des Schmelzflussindex (MFI), d.h. eine Erhöhung des mittleren Molekulargewichts, hervorrufen, indem sich gebildete Makroradikale an die vinylischen Doppeldindungen addieren können. Diese Reaktionen spiegeln sich in der Beobachtung, dass im Rahmen einer mehrfachen Verarbeitung des
Polymeren ein deutlicher Abfall der Konzentration der ursprünglich vorhandenen Vinylgruppen eintritt Effiziente Stabilisatoren wie DPIDP sind in der Lage, die Rate des Verbrauchs von Vinylgruppen zu verringern
Die experimentelle Verifizierung gelang unter Zuhilfenahme der FT-IR-Spektroskopie Dabei wurden die Granulatproben nach den einzelnen Verarbeitungsschritten bei einer Temperatur von 200 °C mittels einer Heizpresse vom Typ Mattson Galaxy 3020 zu Filmen der Dicke von 120 μm gepresst Die relative Konzentration der Vinylgruppen wurde durch Veränderung der durch die Vmylgruppe hervorgerufenen Absorption bei der Wellenzahl von 908 cm 1 bestimmt (s Tab 3)
TABELLE 3
Die Ergebnisse konnten bestätigt werden indem die Diffuse Reflexions Fourier Transform Fourier Infrarot-Spektroskopie (DRIFT) bei entsprechenden PE-HD Pulverproben angewendet wurde
Claims
PATENTANSPRÜCHE
1. Verwendung von Phthaliden der allgemeinen Formeln I bis VIII
VI
VII
VIII
als Stabilisatoren gegen thermischen und oxidativen Abbau bei der Verarbeitung organischer Materialien, worin einer der beiden Reste R1 oder R2 Wasserstoff bedeutet und der andere Rest ein unsubstituiertes oder ein mit Cι-Cι8-Alkyl, d-C18-Alkoxy, d-Cis-mono-, di-, trioder Oligohalogenalkyl, Halogen, -OH, -NH2, -N(Alkyl)2, -N02 ein- oder mehrfach substituiertes Phenyl oder einen heteroaromatischen Ring darstellt, worin die Zahl der Reste R3 pro Phenylring zwischen 0 und 4 liegt und R3d-Cι8-Alkyl, d-Cis-Alkylen, d-dβ-Alkoxy, Halogen, -OH, -NH2, -N(Alkyl)2, -N02, -CN bedeutet, und worin R4 und R5 unabhängig voneinander Wasserstoff, d-C18-Alkyl, d-C18- Alkoxy, -NH2, -N02, -OH, -CN, Halogenalkyl oder Halogen bedeuten,
und worin X die Bedeutung von -O-, -S- oder -0-R6-0- hat, wobei R6 d-C20-Alkyl, C6- Ci2-Aryl, oder [-(CH2)xO-]y bedeutet, wobei x und y unabhängig voneinander jeweils eine Zahl von 1-20 bedeuten.
Verwendung gemäß Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß einer der beiden Reste R1 oder R2 Wasserstoff bedeutet und der andere Rest ein mit -N(CH3)2, d-C10-Alkyl, d-Cio-Alkoxy, d-Cio-mono-, di-, tri- oder Oligohalogenalkyl ein- oder mehrfach substituiertes Phenyl darstellt, daß die Zahl der Reste R3 pro Phenylring 0, 1 oder 2 ist und R3 -N(CH3)2, d-C10-Alkyl, d-C10-Alkylen, d-C10-Alkoxy, -OH oder Chlor bedeutet, und daß R4 und R5 unabhängig voneinander Wasserstoff, Cι-C5-Alkyl, d-C5-Alkoxy, - NH2, -OH, Halogenalkyl oder Halogen bedeuten, und daß R6 d-C10-Alkyl, C6-C10-Aryl, oder [-(CH2)xO-]y bedeutet, wobei x und y unabhängig voneinander jeweils eine Zahl von 1-10 bedeuten.
3. Verwendung gemäß Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß einer der Reste R1 oder R2 Wasserstoff und der andere Rest ein mit Methyl oder Ethyi ein- oder mehrfach substituiertes Phenyl darstellt, daß der Rest R3 Cι-C2-Alkyl, d-C2-Alkylen, d-C2- Alkoxy, -NH2, -OH oder Chlor bedeutet, daß R4 und R5 unabhängig voneinander Wasserstoff, Methyl, Methoxy, -NH2, -OH oder Chlor bedeuten, daß R6 d-C2-Alkyl bedeutet und daß x und y unabhängig voneinander jeweils eine Zahl von 1-5 bedeuten.
Verwendung gemäß Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es sich bei den Verbindungen der Formeln I bis VIII um
BPPHT DMAPHT EPPHT
DPIDP
OXPHT PXPHT
oder deren jeweilige Isomerengemische handelt
Verwendung gemäß den Ansprüchen 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Phthalide in einer Konzentration von 0,002 bis 0,05 Gew -%, bezogen auf das zu stabilisierende organische Material, eingesetzt werden
Verwendung gemäß den Ansprüchen 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Phthalide zusammen mit Organophosphiten oder -phoshoniten, stensch gehinderten Ammen und/oder stensch gehinderten Phenolen eingesetzt werden
Verwendung gemäß den Ansprüchen 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als zusätzliche Coadditive Metalldesaktivatoren, Weichmacher, UV-Absorber, Hydroxylamine, Nitrone, Farbverbesserer, optische Aufheller, Thiosynergisten, Peroxid-zersetzende Verbindungen, Puffer-Systeme, Nukleierungsmittel, Füllstoffe, Pigmente, Farbstoffe, Flammschutzmittel, Antistatika und Emulgatoren in Konzentrationen zwischen 0,0001 und 30 Gew -% sowie Füllstoffe in einem
Konzentrationsbereich von 0,01 bis 70Gew.-%, bezogen auf das zu stabilisierende organische Material, eingesetzt werden.
8. Verwendung gemäß den Ansprüchen 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es sich bei dem organischen Material um Polymere handelt.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH199699 | 1999-11-01 | ||
| CH199699 | 1999-11-01 | ||
| PCT/IB2000/001561 WO2001032762A1 (de) | 1999-11-01 | 2000-10-30 | Verwendung von phthaliden in stabilisatorgemischen für organische materialien |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1232210A1 true EP1232210A1 (de) | 2002-08-21 |
Family
ID=4223467
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP00969741A Withdrawn EP1232210A1 (de) | 1999-11-01 | 2000-10-30 | Verwendung von phthaliden in stabilisatorgemischen für organische materialien |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1232210A1 (de) |
| AU (1) | AU7939200A (de) |
| HU (1) | HUP0204306A3 (de) |
| RU (1) | RU2002114219A (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2001032762A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| MY148644A (en) | 2005-07-18 | 2013-05-15 | Orion Corp | New pharmaceutical compounds |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB769718A (en) * | 1954-02-23 | 1957-03-13 | Goodyear Tire & Rubber | Substituted phthalidyl phenols |
| US4082716A (en) * | 1976-01-27 | 1978-04-04 | Standard Oil Company (Indiana) | High impact polypropylene resins containing phthalide |
| JPH03200859A (ja) * | 1989-12-28 | 1991-09-02 | Teijin Ltd | ポリエステル組成物 |
| EP0771556A1 (de) * | 1995-11-02 | 1997-05-07 | INTERNATIONAL FLAVORS & FRAGRANCES INC. | Verwendung von 1(3H)-Isobenzofuranon in Parfümerie |
-
2000
- 2000-10-30 AU AU79392/00A patent/AU7939200A/en not_active Abandoned
- 2000-10-30 EP EP00969741A patent/EP1232210A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2000-10-30 WO PCT/IB2000/001561 patent/WO2001032762A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2000-10-30 HU HU0204306A patent/HUP0204306A3/hu unknown
- 2000-10-30 RU RU2002114219/04A patent/RU2002114219A/ru not_active Application Discontinuation
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO0132762A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| HUP0204306A3 (en) | 2005-01-28 |
| RU2002114219A (ru) | 2003-12-27 |
| WO2001032762A1 (de) | 2001-05-10 |
| AU7939200A (en) | 2001-05-14 |
| HUP0204306A2 (en) | 2003-05-28 |
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