EP1228281B1 - Film web, window frame provided with a web of this type and use of said web - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a multi-layer film web with a configuration which ranges from being open to diffusion to preventing diffusion (4, 4a) for use in the construction industry. Said web has a central layer consisting of a water and air-tight plastic and external layers which can be cleaned consisting of non-woven or woven fabric, technical warp-knitted fabric, knitted fabric, glass fibre, reinforced paper, film or similar and a self-adhesive layer on the edge. The width of the film web (4, 4a) measures between 5 and 80 cm. The thickness of the film web and the type of the adhesive, in addition to the width (c) of the self-adhesive layer are matched in such a way that the film web (4, 4a) can be fixed purely by adhesion without any form of mechanical fastening, in a permanent manner to plastic, aluminium, wooden or similar window sections (1) and/or to conventional water-vapour resistant films (12) consisting of polyolefins or similar. An absolutely air and wind-tight connection can thus be achieved on the building site at minimum cost, with the connection zone allowing the diffusion of water vapour, or having increased water-vapour resistance, depending on the type of film selected, than can be achieved with prior art.

Description

The invention relates to a multilayer, vapor barrier, vapor barrier or vapor diffusion open film web for the construction sector, consisting of a water and airtight, especially thermoplastic, plastic as a middle layer and plasterable outer layers of nonwoven, woven fabric, knitted technical fabric, knitting, glass fibers, reinforced paper, films and the like and a peripheral self-adhesive layer. The middle layer may also be formed as a composite material made of plastic and aluminum foil.

In the Anschlussabdichtung of windows to load-bearing structures is fundamentally differentiated according to curtain walls, in which the windows are mounted by appropriate structures in front of the supporting structure (mainly for larger objects, office buildings, etc.), one or two-shell facades and Thermal insulation composite systems and so-called perforated windows in which the windows in the area of the load-bearing structure are more or less mounted inside the opening (mainly residential construction, smaller industrial buildings or municipalities).

In order to make the connection of the windows to the building watertight and air and windproof in curtain walls, it is state of the art to seal this area with films. These films are usually made of EPDM or butyl, TPO or PVC, polyethylene, polyester, polyurethane or laminated aluminum foils. The films are glued either on the facade element and on the building and / or mechanically fixed.

Another possibility is the back of the aforementioned films with a self-adhesive compound, eg. B. on plastic bitumen base, butyl o. Ä., To provide and thus equip self-adhesive.

All these films are also functional when expertly processed, but have the disadvantage that they are not or only with great effort überklebbar. They can not be plastered with commercially available mortars, as described in DIN 18550.

One way to seal air-tight and windproof and then to plaster over, is the use of self-adhesive Butylbändern, which are provided on the surface with a fleece. Such Butylbänder are self-adhesive on the building and can be either glued or mechanically fixed in the window construction.

However, this technique has the disadvantage that the thickness of Butylbänder is equal to or greater than 1 mm and that they must be additionally mechanically attached or covered with plaster carriers in over-head overhangs at widths above 150 mm in the rule.

Similarly, the disadvantage of the teaching according to the DE 198 01 865 A , Therein, a sealing strip for windows is described, which contains a flat trained profile, which receives the shape of a lockable in a designated locking groove on a window frame profile by folding over for formally designed profile zones. The sealing strip also contains a molded strip of elastic material, preferably of self-adhesive butyl rubber. The molding strip may be provided on the side facing the masonry in the installed state with a release paper or a release film and on the opposite side with a nonwoven.

In the DE 41 158 39 C For example, a cover and sealing tape is described with a tape-shaped closed cell foam material backing. The tape of about 3 mm thickness should be used when plastering eg door or window frame both as a seal between the plaster and the door frame and at the same time protect the non-plastered parts against contamination. On each side of the carrier is in each case a strip of self-adhesive for bonding to the substrate. The two adhesive strips are each narrower than half the width of the carrier and with respect to the longitudinal axis of the carrier arranged point-symmetrically. The two self-adhesive strips are covered with protective paper or protective film. Between the carrier and the adhesive, a foil strip may be glued.
In the DE 298 08 291 U a sealing tape for sealing joints in a building part or masonry is described, which consists of a water-impermeable material which is provided on both sides with a fibrous or open-pored cover layer which extends at least at the ends of the sealing strip at least over the entire width of the sealing strip. The cover layer is preferably a nonwoven, a woven fabric or a knitted fabric. It is laminated in the surface of the sealing strip, in particular vulcanized, rolled or glued. At least two of the sealing tapes are to be connected to each other in a liquid-tight manner at their ends in the longitudinal direction. The sealing tape is glued to the substrate, for which on-site the adhesive must be applied to the open-pored cover layer. Adhesives are called glue and gypsum.

The essential task of all these films is, as mentioned, the wind and air tightness, in part, waterproofness, to ensure the connections respectively joints. Depending on the installation situation of the windows or the position of the thermal insulation materials, another property of the films is important. The question of whether a diffusion-open or diffusion-inhibiting or blocking film is used depends on where the film is or can be installed. If the film is installed on the so-called warm side, ie at a point at which the temperature does not fall below the critical dew point temperature due to the isothermal calculation, water vapor diffusion-inhibiting or blocking films are used. If the film is installed on the so-called cold side, ie at a point at which the temperature is beyond the critical dew point temperature, water-vapor-permeable films must be used so that the moisture condensing in the winter behind the film can diffuse out again in the summer period.

When using water vapor-damping or water vapor-blocking films, the structural-physical aspects described below are of particular importance.

Due to the DIN 4108 as well as the applicable heat protection regulation and taking into account the future even more stringent requirements due to the Energy Saving Act, it is necessary not only seal the connecting joint between the windows and supporting structure itself and to bridge, but the sealing film according to the physical conditions large area (100 to 300 mm) to pull on the supporting structure.

This requirement has the following reasons: In winter, the absolute humidity is usually higher on the room side than outside, d. H. on the room side, a higher water vapor pressure sets in than on the outside. The vapor pressure gradient leads to a water vapor flow from the inside to the outside. Each material provides some resistance to the steam flow. The property of transmitting more or less water vapor is described by the water vapor diffusion resistance coefficient (μ value).

For adjacent components with different μ values, the building material with the lowest μ value for the diffusion current is decisive. So only the connection between the window and supporting structure, possibly even 1 to 2 cm sealed on the supporting structure with a sealant or a film with high water vapor resistance, but at the same time a porous outer wall brick used, as is the case today is, the diffusion current wraps around this seal and is thus able to penetrate into the connection area between the building and the window. There, the water vapor can condense to water.

Similar problems as in the window area also occur in the roof area.

It is state of the art to use in the attic floor construction of pitched roofs or in lightweight constructions of flat roofs on the room side vapor barrier films that prevent migration of water vapor in the roof structure - especially in the thermal insulation - or reduce, so that less water vapor migrates into the construction than can diffuse out in dry periods.

These vapor barrier films also ensure the air and / or windproof at the same time. In order to meet these requirements of DIN 4108 or the heat protection regulation, in addition to a bonding of the individual vapor barriers with each other, the air and windproof connection to the masonry of the gable or the outer walls, the chimney and penetrations of all kinds of particular importance.

The current state of the art is to use an adhesive strip, compressed foam tapes or the like in the connection area. These are overlapped by the vapor barrier film and the whole with an auxiliary structure, eg. B. corresponding battens, mechanically fastened. This technique is laborious on the one hand, on the other hand, a truly durable, durable and fully windproof connection under site conditions can not be produced because the unevenness of the masonry and not completely filled mortar joints oppose that.

The German Offenlegungsschrift discloses this DE 19507858 a doctrine for sealing surfaces and openings, in particular of joints, against the effects of moisture using elastic composite films that can be laid free of distortion with the aid of, for example, edge-mounted Velcro straps and glued to the building surface.

From the utility model DE 297 15 660 a band-like connecting element between window frame and masonry is known, which is fastened with a self-adhesive strip on the window frame.

As already stated above, the building material with the lowest μ value for the diffusion current is decisive for adjacent components with different μ values. Thus, if the connection between the vapor barrier film of the roof and the structure is sealed only with a 2 cm wide profile, foam tape, sealant o. Ä., The diffusion flow is able to migrate around this area, so that it condenses the water vapor within the Thermal insulation comes. To prevent this, it would be necessary to pull the vapor barrier in the appropriate width on the masonry.

The invention is therefore based on the object directly on the site without much effort to achieve an absolutely air and windproof connection, wherein the connection area with respect to water vapor should be considerably denser than according to the technical requirements of the current state of the art.

The solution claimed is: A multilayer, water vapor diffusion-open to diffusion-barrier film web (4, 4a) for the construction sector in the roof and in the area of windows, the film web of a water and airtight plastic as a middle layer and plasterable outer layers of one of the materials Fleece, woven fabric, knitted technical fabric, knitting, glass fibers, reinforced paper, films or the like and a peripheral self-adhesive layer, characterized in that the width of the film web (4, 4a) 5 to 80 cm and the thickness of the film web 0.3 to 1 mm and that the type of adhesive of the self-adhesive layer and the width (c) of the self-adhesive layer are coordinated so that the film web (4, 4a) alone by gluing and without mechanical attachment permanently to window profiles (1) made of plastic, aluminum, Wood or the like and / or on conventional water vapor barrier films (12) made of polyolefins or the like is estigbar

According to the invention, the above-described conversion of the water vapor diffusion stream around the seal is so greatly reduced by a correspondingly far over-sticking of the structure that it is ensured that more water vapor can diffuse outwards in the dry periods than can diffuse into the connection region in the cold season , However, this requires the aforementioned wide sticking of the building, which is possible with the inventively considerably larger film width, which because of the wide sticking over the sealing film must be plasterable and according to the invention also. The previously used sealing methods are not suitable for this purpose. It would usually have additional measures, such. B. by spanning the film with plaster base o. Ä., Are performed.

Assuming a conventional self-adhesive layer, it has been found to be advantageous that the thickness of the film web is 0.4 to 0.7 mm.

It is also proposed that the self-adhesive layer has a width of 10 to 50 mm, in particular from 20 to 30 mm.

The invention also relates to a window frame with a glued diffusion-blocking or permeable film web according to the invention. Such window frames can already be factory-equipped with the film web, so that they only used at the site and the film web glued and plastered needs.

The film web according to the invention can be used particularly advantageously for sealing the connections of window frames to load-bearing structures in the case of curtain-wall facades and in single-layer or multi-layered facades and facades to be coated with thermal insulation composite systems.

Another particularly advantageous use of the film web according to the invention consists in sealing the connections of vapor barrier films arranged below a roof construction to the outer walls, the chimney and / or other penetrations of the roof. In this case, the film web according to the invention is used in the water vapor diffusion barrier design.

Also advantageous is the use of the film web according to the invention in the water vapor diffusion barrier design as a full-surface sealing of roofs to achieve the wind and air tightness as a water vapor diffusion brake or lock.

Figur 1

einen Schnitt durch einen Außenwandteil im Bereich eines Fensters bei einer mit einem Wärmedämm-Verbundsystem ausgestatteten Fassade mit der Verwendung der erfindungsgemäßen Folienbahn in der wasserdampfdiffusionssperrenden Ausführung auf der Innenseite des Fensters,

Figur 2

einen Schnitt gemäß Figur 1, aber nach dem Stand der Technik,

Figur 3

einen Schnitt durch den Anschluß eines Daches an das Mauerwerk mit der Verwendung einer Folienbahn gemäß der Erfindung in wasserdampfdiffusionssperrender Ausführung,

Figur 4

einen Schnitt gemäß Figur 3, aber nach dem Stand der Technik,

Figur 5

einen Schnitt durch einen Außenwandteil aus wärmedämmendem Baustoff, im Bereich des Fensters mit der Verwendung der erfindungsgemäßen Folienbahn in diffusionsoffener Ausführung an der Außenseite des Fensters und

Figur 6

einen Schnitt durch einen Außenwandteil, im Bereich des Fensters mit der Verwendung zweier erfindungsgemäßer Folienbahnen auf der Innenseite in der wasserdampfdiffusionssperrenden Ausführung, auf der Außenseite in der wasserdampfdiffusionsoffenen Ausführung.

In the following, embodiments of the invention, partly based on drawings, described in more detail. Show it

FIG. 1

a section through an outer wall part in the region of a window in a facade equipped with a thermal insulation composite system with the use of the film web according to the invention in the water vapor diffusion barrier design on the inside of the window,

FIG. 2

a section according to FIG. 1 but according to the state of the art,

FIG. 3

a section through the connection of a roof to the masonry with the use of a film web according to the invention in Wasserdampfdiffusionssperrender execution,

FIG. 4

a section according to FIG. 3 but according to the state of the art,

FIG. 5

a section through an outer wall part of heat-insulating building material, in the region of the window with the use of the film web according to the invention in a diffusion-open design on the outside of the window and

FIG. 6

a section through an outer wall part, in the region of the window with the use of two inventive film webs on the inside in the water vapor diffusion barrier design, on the outside in the water vapor diffusion open design.

In all drawings, like reference numerals have the same meaning and therefore may be explained only once.

The film web according to the invention

As support materials (substrates) for the film according to the invention nonwovens, woven fabrics, technical knits and cords made of synthetic and natural fibers and glass and reinforced paper and films can be used, provided they form an adhesive bond to the melt and the adhesive and meet the product requirements. The basis weights of the substrates may be from 20 g / m ² to 300 g / m ² , preferably from 80 g / m ² to 100 g / m ² . In the preferred embodiment, two polyester needled webs each with 80 g / m ² are used.

As an intermediate layer thermoplastic materials are used, which have the properties of a film, water and airtight and to a certain extent To be impermeable to water vapor or water vapor permeable and to connect the two substrates together.

Since the water vapor diffusion, which is characterized by the sd value, is due to the polymer, polyolefins are preferably used for the vapor-barrier or vapor-blocking region (sd value ≥ 2 m to 100 m) and for the vapor-permeable region (sd value ≤ 2 m) copolyamides, copolyesters or thermoplastic polyurethanes. The sd value indicates the thickness of an air layer which has the same resistance to water vapor diffusion as the material. In a preferred embodiment, an aluminum foil can additionally be laminated. This almost completely prevents water vapor diffusion through the product and increases the sd value to significantly more than 100 m, depending on the thickness of the aluminum foil.

The weight per unit area of the plastic layer may correspond to the requirement profile between 20 g / m ² to 250 g / m ² and is preferably from 80 g / m ² to 130 g / m ² . In the preferred embodiment, a 130 g / m ² LDPE interlayer is used.

The production of the film web

In the manufacture of the vapor barrier film web, two webs of web run through the nip of two rolls where they are pressed together. At the same time, the polymer granules used for the middle layer of the film web are liquefied in the extruder under temperature and pressure. The melt is deposited in the cooled nip between the substrates and cooled to room temperature. The solidified mass connects the nonwovens to the product.

The use in the window area

The sealing film is attached to the window by means of a self-adhesive strip, which is already applied to the geomembrane . On the other hand, the sealing film is on the building with a special polymer, which is supplied in commercial cartridges or plastic bags, glued. This has the advantage that, by applying an appropriate amount of the special polymer, the structural irregularities of the building surface that are customary in the construction site can be compensated for in a rational and reliable manner. After the adhesive has dried, the film can be plastered over with all conventional renders. It can be overcoated or, which is important in thermal insulation composite systems, be pasted by using all commercially available adhesives with insulating materials.

A very important advantage of the invention is that this film compared to the previous materials has a thickness of 0.3 to 0.7 mm, preferably of 0.55 mm, and thus is very thin that it is glued, painted and plastered on both sides It can be that even with large widths, it does not have to be additionally fastened mechanically or spanned with plaster carriers. It is extremely robust and tear-resistant, which is important for everyday construction.

Due to the material properties, it can be quickly and correctly fitted in corners. The sum of the properties of the film in connection with the rational processing ensures under construction site conditions both the waterproofness and the air and wind-tightness, the film depending on the equipment and the corresponding film width, the water vapor diffusion brakes, almost completely prevented or, if necessary, z. B. by attaching the film on the so-called cold side of the thermal insulation, is open to water vapor diffusion.

Another use of this film is to ensure the air and wind tightness in all connection joints outside the window, z. B. in the rehabilitation of precast concrete facades. Here, the joints must be windproof. Afterwards, the facade will be reworked with thermal insulation systems; therefore, the film surface must be pasted over.

The use in the roof area

Depending on the equipment of the train, this can with different sd value and thus both vapor-damping and vapor-blocking and, if desired will be equipped also open to the steam. The web can be used not only as a connection seal conventional, already used today wind and / or vapor barrier films, it can also be used on the entire roof surface over the entire surface as a wind and vapor barrier. The overlaps are then with a contact band, z. B. butyl-based, acrylic-based, or with sealants o. Ä. Seal.

In the connection area to the wall, the vapor barrier is pulled around. The width of the bond on the wall former depends on the building physics conditions. On the wall former, the film is glued by means of a special polymer. After the polymer has dried through, the sealing film can be plastered or glued over or painted over with any mortar customary in the building site.

Another application is as a special edge-connecting film, it being assumed that the actual vapor barrier with conventional materials according to the prior art, ie, for. B. PE films is produced. In this case, the film is used in widths of 50 to 500 mm, preferably 100 to 300 mm, depending on the building physics conditions. The film is already provided with a self-adhesive strip, which produces the wind and airtight connection between the tracks of the large-scale vapor barrier of the roof and the overpurable strip of film according to the invention.

The film strip itself is adhered to the masonry as described above by means of a special polymer. The advantage of such special polymers that are supplied in cartridges or tubular bags and processed in a well-known craftsmanship, is that they can be applied slightly richer in existing bumps, so that even under site conditions always achieved a complete and lasting air and windproof becomes.

The film strip can be used in an appropriate width, which is tuned to the sd value of the building material, so that it is ensured that in the connection area in addition to the air and wind tightness a correspondingly higher Water vapor diffusion resistance is achieved, which ensures that the diffusing moisture is always lower than that which can diffuse out again in the dry periods.

Explanation of the use of the drawings

In FIG. 1 a windproof window connection is shown on the inside using the film web according to the invention in vapor-barrier design. A window frame 1 is connected in a conventional manner with the facade 2. Now important is the air and windproof water vapor diffusion-braking connection of the window frame 1 to the supporting masonry 3. For this purpose, the vapor barrier film sheet 4 according to the invention is adhered to the profile of the window frame 1. The film web 4 has for this purpose about 2 cm wide self-adhesive strip on one edge. The other edge of the film web 4 is glued by means of an adhesive paste 5 to the supporting masonry 3, which of course may also be a concrete wall. On this adhered to the masonry 3 part of the film web 4 can then be applied in a conventional manner, the interior plaster 6 in only a small thickness.

In contrast, in the prior art ( FIG. 2 ), it is not possible, without additional mechanical attachment or without overstretching with plaster girders, which in turn must be mechanically secured to achieve a sufficient width b of the supporting masonry lying film web 4 to a direction indicated by the arrow 7 moving the humidity of inside to avoid the outside in the desired manner. In contrast, when using the film web 4 according to the invention even without mechanical fastening means, an almost arbitrary width b of the film web 4 fastened to the supporting masonry can be achieved ( FIG. 1 ).

The in FIG. 3 illustrated connection of the film web 4 in steam-barrier design in the area of roofs shows first in a conventional manner roof beams 8, a gable wall 9, roof tiles 10 and the interior plaster 6 on the gable wall 9. Between the roof beams 8 and the roof tiles 10 is a roof underlay 11th and on the inside of the roof beams 8, a water vapor barrier film 12 arranged in a known manner.

For connecting the vapor barrier film 12 to the gable wall 9, a film web 4 is adhered to the water vapor barrier film 12 by means of a 3 cm wide self-adhesive edge 13 according to the invention. The other edge of the film web 4 is glued to the gable wall 9 with an adhesive paste 5. As a last step, the interior plaster 6 is applied to the glued to the gable wall 9 part of the film web 4 and the remaining part of the gable wall 9. The width of the glued-on film web 4 can be adapted according to the building physics requirements.

In contrast, in the prior art ( FIG. 4 ), the water vapor barrier film 12 by means of mechanical elements, for. B. a nailed / doweled roof batten 14, attached to the gable wall 9. Even if an elastic strand or a foam profile 15 is arranged between the water vapor barrier film 12 and the gable wall 9, however, no reliable sealing can be achieved since the surface of the gable wall 9, unlike in FIG FIG. 4 shown, is usually rough and irregular. Another disadvantage lies in the fact that the connection of the water vapor barrier film 12 to the gable wall 9 in the prior art can not be plastered without additional measures are provided.

In FIG. 5 a windproof window connection is shown on the outside using the film web according to the invention in a diffusion-open design. A window frame 1 is connected in a conventional manner with the heat-insulating, load-bearing masonry. Important now is the air and windproof, waterproof but open to water vapor diffusion connection of the window frame 1 to the supporting masonry 16. For this purpose, the film web 4a according to the invention is adhered to the profile of the window frame 1. The film web 4a has for this purpose about 2 cm wide self-adhesive strip on one edge. The other edge of the film web 4 a is glued to the supporting masonry 16 by means of an adhesive paste 5. On this glued to the masonry 16 part of the film web 4a then the exterior plaster 17 can be applied in the usual way.

In FIG. 6 is a combined seal on the inside and outside with the water vapor diffusion-breaking or water vapor diffusion-open film webs according to the invention. A window frame 1 is in common Way connected to the supporting masonry 3. The water vapor diffusion barrier film web of the invention is now on the inside, as under FIG. 1 explains the water vapor diffusion-open film web according to the invention on the outside, as under FIG. 5 explained, attached. On the inside can then on the water vapor diffusion barrier film web 4, a plaster inside the usual thickness and on the outside of the water vapor diffusion-open film 4a an external plaster or, as shown here, a thermal insulation system can be applied.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

window frame

2

facade

3

supporting masonry

4

Film web, water vapor diffusion barrier

4a

Film web, open to water vapor diffusion

5

Adhesive Paste

6

Innenputz

7

arrow

8th

roof beam

9

gable end

10

tile

11

Roofing underlayment

12

Water vapor barrier film

13

edge

14

batten

15

strand

16

Load-bearing masonry, thermal insulation

17

Exterior plaster of the thermal insulation composite system

b

Width of the film intended to reduce the migration of water vapor

c

Width of the self-adhesive layer

Claims (4)

1. Multilayer film web (4, 4a) with a configuration ranging from open to diffusion to preventing diffusion of water vapour, for use in the building sector in the area of the roof and in the area of windows, the film web consisting of a waterproof and airtight plastic as the middle layer and outer layers that can be plastered over, consisting of one of the materials comprising nonwoven or woven fabric, knitted fabrics including technical fabric, glass fibres, reinforced paper, films or the like and a self-adhesive layer at the edge, characterized in that the width of the film web (4, 4a) is 5 to 80 cm and the thickness of the film web is 0.3 to 1 mm and in that the type of adhesive of the self-adhesive layer and the width (c) of the self-adhesive layer are made to match one another in such a way that the film web (4, 4a) can be permanently fixed by adhesive bonding alone, and without mechanical fastening, to window profiles (1) of plastic and aluminium, wood or the like and/or to customary water-vapour resistant films (12) of polyolefins or the like.
2. Film web according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the self-adhesive layer has a width (c) of from 10 to 50 mm.
3. Window frame (1) with an adhesively attached film web (4, 4a) according to one of the preceding claims.
4. Use of the film web according to either of Claims 1 and 2 for sealing the joints of window frames (1) on load-bearing structural elements in the case of curtain walls (2) and in the case of single- or multi-layer facades and facades to be coated with composite heat-insulating systems.

Images