WO2001034922A1

WO2001034922A1 - Film web, window frame provided with a web of this type and use of said web

Info

Publication number: WO2001034922A1
Application number: PCT/EP2000/010825
Authority: WO
Inventors: Werner Welter
Original assignee: Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft Auf Aktien
Priority date: 1999-11-09
Filing date: 2000-11-03
Publication date: 2001-05-17
Also published as: ATE398712T1; PL355626A1; EP1228281A1; EP1228281B1; DE10054478A1; DE50015217D1

Abstract

The invention relates to a multi-layer film web with a configuration which ranges from being open to diffusion to preventing diffusion (4, 4a) for use in the construction industry. Said web has a central layer consisting of a water and air-tight plastic and external layers which can be cleaned consisting of non-woven or woven fabric, technical warp-knitted fabric, knitted fabric, glass fibre, reinforced paper, film or similar and a self-adhesive layer on the edge. The width of the film web (4, 4a) measures between 5 and 80 cm. The thickness of the film web and the type of the adhesive, in addition to the width (c) of the self-adhesive layer are matched in such a way that the film web (4, 4a) can be fixed purely by adhesion without any form of mechanical fastening, in a permanent manner to plastic, aluminium, wooden or similar window sections (1) and/or to conventional water-vapour resistant films (12) consisting of polyolefins or similar. An absolutely air and wind-tight connection can thus be achieved on the building site at minimum cost, with the connection zone allowing the diffusion of water vapour, or having increased water-vapour resistance, depending on the type of film selected, than can be achieved with prior art.

Description

Foil sheet, window frames with such a sheet and use of this sheet

The invention relates to a multilayer, vapor barrier, vapor retarding or vapor diffusion open film sheet for the construction sector, consisting of a water and airtight, in particular thermoplastic, plastic as a middle layer and plasterable outer layers of nonwoven, fabric, technical knitted fabric, knitting, glass fibers, reinforced paper, films and the like and an edge-side self-adhesive layer. The middle layer can also be formed as a composite material made of plastic and aluminum foil.

When sealing windows to load-bearing structures, a basic distinction must be made between curtain-type facades, in which the windows are attached to the load-bearing structure by appropriate constructions (predominantly for larger objects, office buildings, etc.), single or double-skin facades and Thermal insulation composite systems and so-called perforated windows, in which the windows in the area of the supporting structure are more or less installed within the opening (predominantly residential buildings, smaller industrial buildings or municipalities).

In order to make the connection of the windows to the building watertight and airtight and windproof in the case of curtain-type facades, it is state of the art to seal this area with foils. These foils usually consist of EPDM or butyl, TPO or PVC, polyethylene, polyester, polyurethane or laminated aluminum foils. The foils are either glued to the facade element and on the structure and / or mechanically attached.

Another possibility is to back the aforementioned films with a self-adhesive compound, for. B. on a plastic bitumen base, butyl base or the like, to provide and thus equip self-adhesive. All these foils are also functional when properly processed, but have the disadvantage that they cannot be pasted over or only with great effort. They cannot be plastered over with commercially available mortars, as described in DIN 18550.

One way of sealing airtight and windproof and then plastering over is by using self-adhesive butyl tapes, which are provided with a fleece on the surface. Such butyl tapes are self-adhesive on the structure and can either be glued into the window construction or mechanically attached.

However, this technique has the disadvantage that the thickness of the butyl tapes is equal to or greater than 1 mm and that, in the case of overlays overhead with widths over 150 mm, they generally have to be additionally mechanically fastened or spanned with plaster supports.

The essential task of all these foils, as mentioned, is to ensure the wind and air tightness, and in some cases also water tightness, of the connections and joints. Depending on the installation situation of the windows and the position of the thermal insulation materials, another property of the foils is important. The question of whether a diffusion-open or diffusion-braking or -blocking film is used depends on the point at which the film is or can be installed. If the film is installed on the so-called warm side, i.e. at a point at which the temperature due to the isothermal calculation does not fall below the critical dew point temperature, water vapor diffusion braking or barrier films are used. If the film is installed on the so-called cold side, i.e. at a point where the temperature is beyond the critical dew point temperature, films that are open to water vapor diffusion must be used so that the moisture condensing behind the film in winter can diffuse out again in the summer period.

When using water vapor retarding or water vapor barrier foils, the building physics aspects described below are of particular importance. Due to DIN 4108 and the applicable thermal insulation regulation and taking into account the even stricter requirements due to the Energy Saving Act in the future, it is not only necessary to seal and bridge the connecting joint between the windows and the supporting structure itself, but also the sealing film in accordance with the building physics large area (100 to 300 mm) to pull on the supporting structure.

This requirement has the following reasons: In winter, the absolute air humidity is usually higher on the room side than on the outside, i.e. H. a higher water vapor pressure occurs on the room side than on the outside. The vapor pressure gradient leads to a water vapor flow from the inside to the outside. Each material presents a certain resistance to the water vapor flow. The property of allowing more or less water vapor to pass through is described by the water vapor diffusion resistance number (μ-value).

In the case of components lying next to each other with different μ values, the building material with the lowest μ value is decisive for the diffusion current. So if only the connection between the window and the load-bearing structure, if necessary also 1 to 2 cm on the load-bearing structure, is sealed with a sealant or a film with high water vapor diffusion resistance, but at the same time a porous outer wall brick is used, as is usually the case today is, the diffusion current wanders around this seal and is thus able to penetrate into the connection area between the structure and the window. There the water vapor can condense to water.

Similar problems as in the window area also occur in the roof area.

It is state of the art to use vapor barrier foils on the room side when converting pitched roofs or for lightweight constructions of flat roofs, which are intended to prevent or reduce the penetration of water vapor into the roof structure, especially in the thermal insulation material, so that less water vapor migrates into the structure than can diffuse out in dry periods.

These vapor barrier films also ensure airtightness and / or windproofness. To meet these requirements of DIN 4108 and the thermal insulation regulation In addition to gluing the individual vapor barrier sheets to one another, the air and windproof connection to the masonry of the gable or the outer walls, to the chimney and to penetrations of all kinds is of particular importance.

The current state of the art is to use an adhesive strip, compressed foam strips or the like in the connection area. These are overlapped by the vapor barrier film and the whole thing with an auxiliary structure, e.g. B. corresponding roof battens, mechanically attached. On the one hand, this technology is labor-intensive, on the other hand, a really permanent, long-lasting and completely windproof connection cannot be produced under construction site conditions because the unevenness of the masonry and incompletely filled mortar joints prevent this.

As already explained above, in the case of components lying side by side with different μ values, the building material with the lowest μ value is decisive for the diffusion current. So if the connection between the vapor barrier film of the roof and the building is only sealed with a 2 cm wide profile, foam tape, sealant or similar, the diffusion flow is able to move around this area so that it condenses the water vapor within the Thermal insulation is coming. To prevent this, it would be necessary to pull the vapor barrier onto the masonry in a suitable width.

The invention is therefore based on the object to achieve an absolutely airtight and windproof connection directly at the construction site, the connection area being supposed to be considerably denser than water vapor according to the technical requirements of the current state of the art.

This object is achieved in the vapor diffusion barrier film web of the type mentioned in that the width of the vapor barrier film web is 5 to 80 cm, in particular 10 to 40 cm, and that the thickness of the film web and the type of adhesive and the width of the self-adhesive layer are coordinated with one another in this way are, so that the vapor barrier film web can be permanently attached to window profiles made of plastic, aluminum, wood or the like and / or conventional water vapor barrier films made of polyolefins or the like solely by gluing and without mechanical fastening. According to the invention, the above-described conversion of the water vapor diffusion flow around the seal is reduced so much by a correspondingly wide pasting of the structure that it is ensured that in the dry periods more and more water vapor can diffuse out than can diffuse into the connection area in the cold season , However, this requires the above-mentioned wide pasting of the building body, which is possible with the film width which is considerably larger according to the invention, the sealing film having to be plasterable because of the wide pasting and is also according to the invention. The sealing methods used so far are not suitable for this. As a rule, additional measures, e.g. B. by spanning the film with plaster base or the like.

Assuming a customary self-adhesive layer, it has proven to be advantageous that the thickness of the film web is 0.3 to 1 mm, in particular 0.4 to 0.7 mm.

It is also proposed that the self-adhesive layer have a width of 10 to 50 mm, in particular 20 to 30 mm.

The invention also relates to a window frame with a glued and / or clamped-in diffusion-blocking or diffusion-open film web according to the invention. Such window frames can already be factory-equipped with the film web, so that they only need to be used on the construction site and the film web needs to be glued and plastered.

The film web according to the invention can be used particularly advantageously for sealing the connections of window frames to load-bearing structures in the case of curtain-type facades and in the case of single-layer or multi-layer facades and facades to be coated with thermal insulation composite systems.

Another particularly advantageous use of the film web according to the invention consists in sealing the connections of vapor barrier films arranged below a roof structure to the outer walls, the chimney and / or other penetrations of the roof. In this case, the film web according to the invention is used in the version which blocks water vapor diffusion. It is also advantageous to use the film web according to the invention in the water vapor diffusion barrier design as a full-surface sealing of roofs to achieve wind and air tightness as a water vapor diffusion brake or barrier.

Exemplary embodiments of the invention are described in more detail below, partly with reference to drawings. Show it

FIG. 1 shows a section through an outer wall part in the area of a window in the case of a facade equipped with a thermal insulation composite system with the use of the film web according to the invention in the water vapor diffusion-blocking design on the inside of the window,

FIG. 2 shows a section according to FIG. 1, but according to the prior art,

FIG. 3 shows a section through the connection of a roof to the masonry with the use of a film web according to the invention in a design that blocks water vapor diffusion,

FIG. 4 shows a section according to FIG. 3, but according to the prior art,

5 shows a section through an outer wall part made of heat-insulating

Building material in the area of the window with the use of the film web according to the invention in a diffusion-open design on the outside of the window and

6 shows a section through an outer wall part, in the area of the window with the use of two film webs according to the invention on the inside in the water vapor diffusion barrier version, on the outside in the water vapor diffusion open version.

In all drawings, the same reference symbols have the same meaning and are therefore only explained once, if appropriate. The film web according to the invention

Support materials (substrates) for the film according to the invention can be nonwovens, woven fabrics, technical knitted fabrics and ropes made of synthetic and natural fibers and glass, as well as reinforced paper and films, provided that they form an adhesive bond to the melt and the adhesive and meet the product requirements. The basis weights of the substrates can be from 20 g / m ² to 300 g / m ² , preferably 80 g / m ² to 100 g / m ² . In the preferred embodiment, two polyester needle fleece, each with 80 g / m ^2, are used.

Thermoplastic materials are used as the intermediate layer, which as a film have the properties of being watertight and airtight and to a certain extent impermeable to water vapor or open to water vapor diffusion, and also to connect the two substrates to one another.

Since the water vapor diffusion, which is characterized by the sd value, is due to the polymer, polyolefins are preferably used for the vapor retarding or vapor barrier area (sd value> 2 m to 100 m) and for the diffusion-open area (sd value) <2 m) copolyamides, copolyesters or thermoplastic polyurethanes. The sd value indicates the thickness of an air layer that has the same resistance to water vapor diffusion as the material. In a preferred embodiment, an aluminum foil can also be laminated. This almost completely prevents water vapor diffusion through the product and increases the sd value to significantly more than 100 m depending on the thickness of the aluminum foil.

The weight per unit area of the plastic layer can be between 20 g / m ² and 250 g / m ² according to the requirement profile and is preferably between 80 g / m ² and 130 g / m ² . In the preferred embodiment, an LDPE intermediate layer with 130 g / m ^{2 is} used.

The production of the film web

In the manufacture of the vapor barrier film web, two webs of nonwoven run through the nip of two rollers, where they are pressed together. At the same time, the polymer granulate used for the middle layer of the film web is in the extruder liquefied under temperature and pressure. The melt is deposited in the cooled nip between the substrates and cooled to room temperature. The solidified mass connects the fleeces to the product.

Use in the window area

The sealing film can be mechanically, e.g. B. by clamping, and / or by means of a self-adhesive strip, which can also already be applied to the sealing membrane, or glued by using a special polymer. On the other hand, the sealing film is glued to the structure with a special polymer, which is supplied in standard cartridges or plastic bags. This has the advantage that by applying an appropriate amount of the special polymer, the unevenness of the surface of the building structure that is customary on the construction site can be efficiently and safely compensated for. After the adhesive has dried, the film can be plastered with all the usual plastering techniques. It can be painted over or, which is important for thermal insulation composite systems, covered with insulation materials using all commercially available adhesives.

A very important advantage of the invention is that this film has a thickness of 0.3 to 0.7 mm, preferably 0.55 mm, compared to the previous materials, and is therefore very thin, that it is glued, coated and plastered on both sides can be that even with large widths, it does not have to be mechanically fastened nor spanned with plaster supports. It is extremely robust and tear-resistant, which is important for everyday construction site use.

Due to the material properties, it can be quickly and correctly fitted into corners. The sum of the properties of the film in connection with the rational processing guarantees both the watertightness as well as the air and wind tightness under conditions customary on construction sites, whereby the film, depending on the equipment and the corresponding film width, almost completely prevents water vapor diffusion or, if necessary, z. B. is water vapor diffusion open by attaching the film on the so-called cold side of the insulation. Another possible application of this film is to ensure airtightness and windproofness in all connection joints, even outside the window, e.g. B. in the renovation of precast concrete facades. Here the joints must be windproof. The facade is then reworked with thermal insulation systems; therefore the film surface must be glued over.

Use in the roof area

Depending on the equipment of the train, this can be equipped with different sd values and thus both vapor-retarding and vapor-blocking and, if desired, also vapor-open. The membrane can not only be used as a connection seal for conventional wind and / or vapor barrier films that are already in use today, it can also be used over the entire roof area as a wind and vapor barrier. The overlaps are then with a contact tape, e.g. B. based on butyl, acrylic, or with sealants or the like.

The vapor barrier is pulled around in the connection area to the wall. The width of the gluing on the mural depends on the building physics. The film is glued to the wall former using a special polymer. After the polymer has dried completely, the sealing film can be plastered over with any mortar customary on the construction site, or pasted over or painted over.

Another possible application is as a special edge connection film, it being assumed that the actual vapor barrier is made with materials customary according to the prior art, that is, for. B. PE films is produced. In this case, the film is used in widths of 50 to 500 mm, preferably 100 to 300 mm, depending on the building physics. It can be glued on one side to the vapor barrier using an adhesive strip or special polymer or sealant. Preferably, however, the film is already provided with a self-adhesive strip which produces the wind and airtight connection between the sheets of the large-area vapor barrier of the roof and the film strip according to the invention which can be plastered over. The film strip itself is glued to the masonry using a special polymer as described above. The advantage of such special polymers, which are supplied in cartridges or tubular bags and processed in known handicraft technology, is that they can be applied a little more smoothly in the event of unevenness, so that complete and permanent airtightness and windproofness are always achieved even under construction site conditions becomes.

The foil strip can be used in an appropriate width, which is matched to the sd value of the building material, so that it is ensured that a correspondingly high water vapor diffusion resistance is achieved in the connection area in addition to the air and windproofness, which guarantees that the diffusing moisture is always lower than that which can diffuse out again in the dry periods.

Explanation of use with reference to the drawings

In Figure 1, a windproof window connection is shown on the inside using the film sheet according to the invention in a vapor-blocking design. A window frame 1 is connected to the facade 2 in the usual way. The air- and windproof connection of the window frame 1 to the load-bearing masonry 3 is now important, which prevents the diffusion of water vapor from diffusing. For this purpose, the vapor barrier film 4 according to the invention is glued to the profile of the window frame 1. For this purpose, the film web 4 has an approximately 2 cm wide self-adhesive strip on one edge. The other edge of the film web 4 is glued to the supporting masonry 3, which can of course also be a concrete wall, by means of an adhesive paste 5. The interior plaster 6 can then be applied to this part of the film web 4 glued to the masonry 3 in a conventional manner in only a small thickness.

In the prior art (FIG. 2), on the other hand, it is not possible to achieve a sufficient width b of the film web 4 lying on the supporting masonry without additional mechanical fastening or without overclamping with plaster supports, which in turn have to be mechanically fastened, in order to achieve a to avoid the arrow 7 indicated conversion of the air humidity from the inside to the outside in the desired manner. In contrast, when using the film web 4 according to the invention, it can also be done without mechanical fastening means an almost arbitrary width b of the film web 4 fastened to the supporting masonry can be reached (FIG. 1).

The connection according to the invention of the film web 4 shown in FIG. 3 in a vapor-blocking design in the area of roofs initially shows, in a manner known per se, roof beams 8, a gable wall 9, roof tiles 10 and the interior plaster 6 on the gable wall 9. Between the roof beams 8 and the roof tiles 10 is a roofing membrane 11 and on the inside of the roof beams 8 a water vapor barrier film 12 is arranged in a known manner. To connect the vapor barrier film 12 to the gable wall 9, a film web 4 is glued to the water vapor barrier film 12 by means of a 3 cm wide self-adhesive edge 13. The other edge of the film web 4 is glued to the gable wall 9 with an adhesive paste 5. As the last step, the interior plaster 6 is applied to the part of the film web 4 glued to the gable wall 9 and the remaining part of the gable wall 9. The width of the glued-on film web 4 can be adapted according to the building physics requirements.

In the prior art, however, the water vapor barrier film 12 is by means of mechanical elements, for. B. a nailed / doweled roof batten 14, attached to the gable wall 9. Even if an elastic strand or a foam round profile 15 is arranged between the water vapor barrier film 12 and the gable wall 9, a reliable seal cannot be achieved, since the surface of the gable wall 9, unlike shown in FIG. 4, is usually rough and irregular. Another disadvantage also lies in the fact that the connection of the water vapor barrier film 12 to the gable wall 9 cannot be plastered over in the prior art without additional measures having to be provided.

FIG. 5 shows a windproof window connection on the outside using the film web according to the invention in a diffusion-open design. A window frame 1 is connected in the usual way to the heat-insulating, load-bearing masonry. The air- and windproof, watertight but water vapor diffusion-open connection of the window frame 1 to the load-bearing masonry 16 is now important. For this purpose, the film web 4a according to the invention is glued to the profile of the window frame 1. For this purpose, the film web 4a has an approximately 2 cm wide self-adhesive strip on its one edge. The other edge of the film web 4a is by means of a Adhesive paste 5 glued to the supporting masonry 16. The outer plaster 17 can then be applied in a conventional manner to this part of the film web 4a adhered to the masonry 16.

FIG. 6 shows a combined seal on the inside and outside with the water vapor diffusion braking or water vapor diffusion open film webs according to the invention. A window frame 1 is connected in a conventional manner to the load-bearing masonry 3. The water vapor diffusion barrier film web according to the invention is now attached on the inside, as explained in FIG. 1, the water vapor diffusion open film web according to the invention on the outside, as explained in FIG. 5. An interior plaster of the usual thickness can then be applied to the inside of the water vapor diffusion-blocking film web 4 and an exterior plaster or, as shown here, a thermal insulation system to the outside of the water vapor diffusion open film 4a.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1 window frame

2 facade

3 load-bearing masonry

4 foil web, water vapor diffusion barrier 4a foil web, water vapor diffusion open

5 adhesive paste

6 interior plaster

7 arrow

8 roof beams

9 gable wall

10 roof tiles

11 roofing membrane

12 water vapor barrier film

13 edge

14 roof batten

15 strands

16 Load-bearing masonry, heat-insulating

17 Exterior plaster of the thermal insulation composite system b Width of the film, which should reduce the conversion of the water vapor

c Width of the self-adhesive layer

Claims

claims

1.Multi-layer film web (4, 4a) for the construction area open to diffusion to diffusion, consisting of a water and airtight, in particular thermoplastic, plastic as a middle layer and plasterable outer layers made of fleece, fabric, technical knitted fabric, knitting, glass fibers, reinforced paper, foils and The like and an edge-side self-adhesive layer, characterized in that the width of the film web (4, 4a) is 5 to 80 cm, in particular 10 to 40 cm, and that the thickness of the film web and the type of adhesive and the width (c) of the self-adhesive layer are matched to one another such that the film web (4, 4a) can be permanently attached to window profiles (1) made of plastic, aluminum, wood or the like and / or conventional water vapor barrier films (12) made of polyolefins or the like solely by gluing and without mechanical fastening is.

2. Film web according to the preceding claim, characterized in that its thickness is 0.3 to 1 mm, in particular 0.4 to 0.7 mm.

3. Film web according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the self-adhesive layer has a width (c) of 10 to 50 mm, in particular from 20 to 30 mm.

4. window frame (1) with a glued and / or clamped film web (4, 4a) according to any one of the preceding claims.

5. Use of the film web according to one of claims 1 to 3 for sealing the connections of window frames (1) to load-bearing structures in the case of curtain-type facades (2) and in the case of single or multilayer facades and facades to be coated with thermal insulation composite systems.

6. Use of the film web according to one of claims 1 to 3 for sealing the connections of vapor barrier films (12) arranged below a roof structure on the outer walls (9), the chimney and / or other penetrations of the roof.

7. Use of the film web according to claim 1 or 2 as a gaπzfläche sealing roofs to achieve wind and air tightness and as a water vapor diffusion brake or barrier.