EP1225283B2 - Heat-insulating building element - Google Patents

Abstract

Structural member for thermal insulation between construction units between a building (A) and pre-assembled outer part (B) such that isolation can be shifted between structural bodies (2,12) with at least one integrated structure (3) in the inserted condition in the building element (1). The thermal insulation member is transverse to otherwise horizontal construction units and connected through contact.

Description

description

The invention relates to a component for thermal insulation according to the preamble of claim 1.

Such components for thermal insulation are known in the relevant state of the art in many different versions and serve to decouple two components from each other thermally, but at the same time statically connect them together. This static connection takes place via reinforcing elements, which extend through the insulating body between the two components and safely transfer the occurring loads, ie in particular tensile, compressive and shear forces.

An essential field of application of such components is, for example, in balconies that protrude from a building exterior wall and are suspended on said reinforcing elements on the same height ceiling with the interposition of a component for thermal insulation. Since these balconies are exposed to different temperatures than the floor slab running in each case in the insulated building interior, temperature-related relative movements occur between the two components, ie between the balcony and the floor slab. Because while the floor slab is kept at substantially the same temperature, the outside temperature and thus the temperature of the balcony slab varies depending on weather conditions and season per day by more than 10 ° C.

And since the length of the balcony slab changes as a function of the temperature, the reinforcing elements connecting the two components must be able to participate in these changes in length without being damaged. For the usually very slim trained tensile and shear force bars this is no problem in the shelf. However, this is different in the case of the pressure rods, which are usually designed to be relatively massive in order to increase the compressive rigidity. But from the EP 0 121 685 It is known to provide pressure elements made of stainless steel, which extend into the two adjacent concrete components and are made of such a slender steel material that they can follow the temperature-induced changes in length in the horizontal direction elastically.

In addition to the use of elastically resilient pressure element materials, it is also known to provide pressure elements whose dimensions correspond to the Isolierkörperdicke, so flush with the insulator and rest with their concrete components facing frontal contact profiles surface on the concrete components. If such pressure elements limited to the insulating body thickness are subjected to relative movements of the adjoining concrete components, the pressure element and the concrete components move towards one another after overcoming the mutual static friction in the area of the contact points. However, this type of reversibly compliant pressure element connection has the disadvantage that one hears the mentioned overcoming the static friction and the subsequent relative displacement in the form of pops, which are actually harmless and no conclusions on the quality of the built-in printing elements or their storage allows on the other side but still undesirable and for the unkown residents but also cause for concern.

In the prior art is beyond, for example, from the DE-U 200 10 770 a reinforcement cage known in which project the pressure elements in the adjacent concrete components, each having a solid hemisphere of glass or of a glass-containing material in the concrete and provide between these two solid frontal hemispheres in the region of the insulating two thin-walled webs of intersecting flat cuboids , which also consist of glass or a glass-containing material. Although this document does not give a justification for the selection of the exotic shape of the printing elements, the choice of materials mentions that the glass has improved thermal conductivity compared to steel or stainless steel.

Proceeding from this, the present invention is therefore based on the object to further improve the known thermal insulation element and to form it so that it is optimized in terms of manufacturing costs, adaptability to the installation condition and in terms of recording relative movements between the adjacent concrete components.

This object is achieved by the features of claim 1.

In this case, regardless of the printing element material, a joint is obtained, that is, even in the case of high-strength rigid materials such as the high-strength concrete according to the invention. The resulting pendulum joint-like pivoting movement leads to a significant reduction of the actual displacement. In an exemplary embodiment, the relative movement of two concrete components in the order of 2 mm results in a rotational movement of the pressure element relative to the adjacent concrete component in the mutual contact area with a relative movement of only 0.2 mm. From this example, it is easy to see that this significantly reduced displacement is accompanied by a correspondingly significantly reduced to a negligible amount of noise. In the same sense, the fact that part of the previous sliding or friction movement is replaced by a rolling movement.

Although there are already known in the art pressure elements with curved contact profiles or end faces: So z. B. the DE-A 197 11 813 a thermally insulating component with a curved relative to the vertical section pressure element, which is unsuitable for receiving the described relative movements. Also unsuitable is a concavely projecting, in each case in the adjacent concrete components projecting pressure element, which in the DE-A 197 41 027 is shown.

Due to the inventive shape of the contact profiles, which are convex and arched in a circular arc shape in horizontal section, results in the largest possible contact surface unimpeded and symmetrical displacement movement at both opposite contact profiles. In addition, the contact profiles in the installed state should be anchored in the concrete components such that the pressure elements protrude only with the curved contact profile area in the concrete components to allow the unimpeded rotational movement between the pressure element and the concrete component. This is also possible, for example, via toothed contact profiles which carry out the rolling movement by virtue of their likewise approximately arcuate curvature.

Conveniently, the circular arc-shaped cross section of the contact profiles extends over the entire height thereof. There is a possibility in this regard for example, in that each contact profile is designed in the form of a cylinder jacket part surface. In addition, the horizontal cross sections can also change over the height of the printing element, such. B. at a sheath part surface of a truncated cone. This ensures that the power transmission between the pressure element and the concrete component takes place over the entire contact profile surface.

Finally, a preferred design of the contact profiles is that they also have a concave outer surface which is also curved in the vertical direction, that is, they are also arched in a vertical longitudinal section. This allows them to follow any vertical settlement movements between the two components without affecting their function. The pressure elements thus formed give way slightly articulated and are - despite a slightly inclined position compared to the horizontal installation - yet full surface with their frontal contact profiles on the adjacent concrete components.

It is further recommended that the printing element continuously and without offset (in contrast to the known types with large-scale attached pressure plates for force introduction) pass into the contact profiles to keep the surface of the contact profile as small as possible and - at least approximately - only so form large, as the dimensions, ie in particular the cross section, the pressure-transmitting transmitting behind the contact profiles arranged pressure elements.

As already mentioned above, an elastically or reversibly compliant bearing can be achieved by the printing elements according to the invention, regardless of their material, so that the advantages of the present invention in particular in printing elements of hard unyielding or high-strength material to bear.

Although concrete has been frequently proposed in the prior art as a material for printing elements, but has not been able to prevail in practice. A related obstacle is eliminated by the present invention: Now, the pressure element must not even in the transverse direction elastically temperature-related longitudinal movements between the two adjacent components can follow, but by the rolling motion, it can also be made of high-strength material - such as concrete.

A particularly suitable form of use of concrete printing elements results from the fact that they are made by casting, which has a great many possibilities in terms of shape and surface design of the printing elements. Another advantage arises when the mold consists of a plastic shell that can be installed as a lost mold together with the concrete pressure element; because then the plastic shell can simultaneously serve as a sliding layer for the pressure element in the contact area of the frontal contact profiles of the adjacent concrete components and thereby improve the Abwälzeigenschaften the printing element even more. Thus, therefore, the pressure element material must not be fine-grained, closed-pored, etc., it suffices the corresponding flat surface of the plastic mold, which then rolls on the adjacent concrete component.

It is already out of the DE-A 3116 381 known to provide a pressure element with a front-side planar sliding or lubricating layer, for example, with formwork oil, However, this has nothing to do with a plastic sliding layer that surrounds the convexly arched contact profiles in concrete.

If the pressure elements are now produced by casting, cross-sectional reductions in the middle region between the two end-side contact profiles can be produced in a simple manner, which are decisive for the degree of thermal conductivity or for the heat transfer through the pressure element. Such cross-sectional reductions take place in the horizontal direction and / or in the vertical direction, so that the pressure element is formed in a waisted horizontal section with a tapered in the direction of the central region between the two end contact profiles and / or on the other hand, the height of the pressure element in Reduced direction of the central region between the two frontal contact profiles.

If the printing elements are produced from a lost casting mold, this can advantageously be exploited to form two continuous printing elements which form a double printing element, leaving a space between the two printing elements in which, for example, a transverse force rod can be used can be fixed to the mold. Moreover, it is also possible to fill the gap by insulating material or form as enclosed by the mold and filled with air cavity.

Figur 1

ein Bauelement zur Wärmedämmung mit erfindungsgemäßem Druckelement in einem Horizontalschnitt;

Figur 2

das Bauelement aus Figur 1 in geschnittener Seitenansicht;

Figur 3

eine alternative Ausführungsform eines Bauelements zur Wärmedämmung mit erfindungsgemäßem Druckelement in geschnittener Draufsicht.

Figuren 4 bis 6

eine Gießform für ein erfindungsgemäßes Doppeldruckelement in verschiedenen perspektivischen Ansichten;

Figur 7

eine Draufsicht auf die Gießform aus den Figuren 4 bis 6;

Figur 8

eine Seitenansicht der Gießform;

Figur 9

eine Darstellung entlang der Schnittebene A-A aus Figur 7;

Figur 10

eine Schnittdarstellung entlang der Schnittebene B-B aus Figur 7;

Figur 11

eine Schnittdarstellung entlang der Ebene C-C aus Figur 8;

Figur 12

eine Schnittdarstellung entlang der Ebene D-D aus Figur 8; und

Figur 13

eine Ansicht der Gießform von unten.

Further features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following description of exemplary embodiments with reference to the drawings; show here

FIG. 1

a device for thermal insulation with inventive pressure element in a horizontal section;

FIG. 2

the component FIG. 1 in a sectional side view;

FIG. 3

an alternative embodiment of a device for thermal insulation with inventive pressure element in a sectional plan view.

FIGS. 4 to 6

a mold for a double pressure element according to the invention in different perspective views;

FIG. 7

a plan view of the mold from the FIGS. 4 to 6 ;

FIG. 8

a side view of the mold;

FIG. 9

a representation along the cutting plane AA FIG. 7 ;

FIG. 10

a sectional view along the section plane BB FIG. 7 ;

FIG. 11

a sectional view taken along the plane CC FIG. 8 ;

FIG. 12

a sectional view along the plane DD FIG. 8 ; and

FIG. 13

a view of the mold from below.

In FIG. 1 is a component 1 for thermal insulation fragmentary in section through the in FIG. 2 indicated level I - I. The component 1 is installed in a left between a concrete building A and a cantilevered concrete outer part B joint and consists essentially of a filling the filling insulator 2 and of reinforcing elements in the form of in the Figures 1 and 2 illustrated printing elements. 3

It should be noted that FIG. 2 the component 1 does not show with all its parts and in its full height; rather, the upper insulating body portion carrying the commonly used tie rods, which has nothing to do with the present invention, is not shown. Also lacking the representation of a transverse force rod extending from the supporting component, the building A, in the direction of the supported component, the balcony B, obliquely from top to bottom through the insulating body or filled by the insulating joint and protrudes into both components to the transverse force introduction ,

The pressure element 3 according to the invention runs essentially horizontally through the insulating body from the component B to the component A. At the end faces 5, 6 facing the components, the pressure element 3 has arched contact profiles which act as a pressure force input and output surface and according to the in FIG FIG. 1 illustrated horizontal section are formed circular arc. Over the entire surface of the contact profiles, the overall shape of a cylinder jacket part surface results due to this circular arc shape, since the pressure element in each case has a constant cross section over the height.

The effect of the circular arc shape is as follows: If the two components A and B relative movements from each other, so form the arcuately curved contact profiles hinge surfaces that allow the relative movement without it comes in the contact area between contact profile and adjoining concrete component to large displacement movements. As a result, the actual relative movements between the concrete components and the pressure elements can be significantly reduced and as a result one obtains pressure elements that can follow reversible and without significant noise independently of the material temperature-induced displacement movements. Because while Relatiwerschiebung lead in flush with the insulating body extending pressure elements due to the effective forces, the usual surface roughness and the usually quite large displacement length to a significant noise, the articulated formation of the joints between contact profile and concrete components for a significant reduction in the length of the displacement , which is characterized by the fact that there is only a negligible inclination to the cracking noise resulting from overcoming the static friction.

An alternative design of the present invention is in FIG. 3 There is shown a component 11 for thermal insulation between a building A and a balcony B, shown in horizontal section at the level of pressure elements 13a, 13b. Between building A and balcony B also an insulating body 12 is shown, which extends along the gap left between the two components.

The essential difference of the pressure elements 13a, 13b over the Pressure element 3 off FIG. 1 consists in the fact that in each case a pressure element is replaced by two parallel pressure elements, which require a correspondingly smaller force introduction surface in the form of contact profiles 15a, 15b, 16a, 16b. This results in a double joint similar to a parallelogram, which further reduces the displacement between the contact profiles and the adjacent concrete components.

Both types of pressure element have, in addition to the circular arc-shaped contact profiles also very similar pressure element cross-sectional shapes, namely a continuously and without offset from the edges of the contact profiles passing gob-like outer shape, which tapers slowly to the center of the joint and then on the way to the opposite contact profile again continuously disseminated to there absatzlos in to transition the edges of the opposite contact profile. This shape ensures optimum introduction of force from the balcony slab B into the pressure element, optimal pressure force transmission with reduced heat conduction through the joint and optimal pressure force discharge into the building A. The cross sections are designed so that they are as large as possible force introduction surface and slender Druckkraftübertragungsquerschnittsfläche at mutual continuous transition yet kink-resistant, stable pressure element with - due to the small cross-sectional area - still more favorable thermal insulation, especially if used as a material for the pressure element concrete.

In the FIGS. 4 to 6 a lost mold 20 is shown in a perspective view, which is used for the production of pressure elements made of concrete and is used together with the concrete pressure elements in the inventive (not shown here) component for thermal insulation.

Also the FIGS. 7 to 13 show only the mold 20 and not the concrete pressure elements themselves; these correspond in their appearance and their arrangement about the design FIG. 3 However, the lost mold is intended to be installed together with the concrete pressure elements in the device for thermal insulation, so far so the illustration is made FIG. 3 not directly to the embodiment of the FIGS. 4 to 12 transferable.

The casting mold 20 has two cavities 21, 22 which are to be filled with concrete and which are open in the installed position, which predetermine the shape of the concrete pressure element. Although the two concrete pressure elements are connected by a mold, they themselves have no direct connection, that is, the concrete is actually limited to the cavities 21, 22 without connecting webs, etc. The concrete pressure elements obtained by the mold has a structure that relates both to The horizontal section as well as with respect to the vertical section to the center tapers: Using the example of the cavity 21 enclosed by the mold 20, this means that the concrete pressure element in the direction of the largest possible cross-sectional and surface in the region of the end-side curved contact profiles 23, 24 the central region 25 between the two contact profiles is tapered; based on one out FIG. 7 recognizable horizontal section or on the in FIG. 13 shown bottom view, this means a waisted in the central region 25, while it is in relation to the FIG. 10 apparent vertical section means reduced in the central region 25 height. The transitions from the large surface of the contact profiles 23, 24 to the reduced cross sections in the central region 25 are fluid.

The casting mold 20 has a connection region 26 between the two cup-shaped individual casting molds 20a, 20b surrounding the cavities 21, 22. In this connection region, a cavity 27 enclosed by the casting mold 20 is left, which is filled with air and serves as an insulating body. In the adjacent to the connecting portion 26 between the two Einzelgießformen 20a, 20b arranged area a recess 28 for receiving a transverse force bar is provided, which dips into the space between the two pressure elements and is fixed there to the mold.

The mold has on its outer side vertically extending webs 29, 30, which are provided to seal the lateral gap between the two molds by laterally joining an adjacent double pressure element with a correspondingly constructed mold by each of the individual webs 30 in the space between the dip both double bridges 29. In this way, it is possible to prevent liquid concrete from flowing into the intermediate space between the two casting molds and impairing their function.

The mold 20 also has at the edge of an end-face contact profile 23 in a horizontal section T-shaped web, which is intended to project into the adjacent concrete component - in particular in an integrally formed in a precast Filigranplatte and be anchored to this form-fitting manner. For in contrast to previous pressure element designs, which were anchored positively in the adjacent concrete components, the rolling contact profile has the disadvantage of not providing a connection in the pulling direction, which is particularly relevant during transport; Therefore, the T-shaped web 31 serves as a drawstring for the transmission of tensile forces between mold or associated printing elements and adjacent concrete component.

Finally, when considering the FIGS. 4, 5 and 11 still on that the mold has on its upper side hole-like recesses 32; these serve to promote the escape of air during the casting of the printing elements; In addition, they ensure a positive connection between the mold and concrete pressure element due to emerging from the openings 32 concrete material and thus serve as a transport and captive and prevent falling out of the pressure elements from the mold when the mold is oriented so that the cavities 21, 22 after are open at the bottom and the printing elements could fall out.

Finally, the mold has on its underside hook-like latching lugs 33, which serve to lock the mold on a surrounding the device for thermal insulation on the underside of the rail and set.

It should be mentioned that the pressure elements in the region of the contact profiles 23, 24 with their lower foot region 23a, 24a project further into the associated component (A, B) than with their upper head region 23b, 24b. In addition, the mold 20 functioning as a sliding layer for the contact profiles is provided with a greater thickness in the lower foot region 23a, 24a, since the stresses due to edge pressure are highest in this region.

In summary, the present invention offers the advantage of printing elements to provide that do not have to be resilient even in the transverse direction, but are mounted elastically yielding in the transverse direction relative to the adjacent concrete components.

Claims (10)

1. Building element for providing thermal insulation between two components, especially between a building (A) and a projecting exterior part (B), the building element comprising an insulator body (2, 12) to be arranged between the two components, the insulator body (2, 12) having at least integrated compression elements (3, 13a, 13b) which, in the installed state of the building element (1, 11), can extend through the insulator body substantially horizontally and transversely with respect to the substantially horizontal longitudinal extent thereof and which are each connectible to both components (A, B), the compression elements having a convexly curved contact profile (5, 6, 15a, 15b, 16a, 16b) which is able to roll on the components (A, B), so that the compression elements are able to form an articulated connection between the two components, the curved portion of the contact profiles (5, 6, 15a, 15b, 16a, 16b), in the installed state, being approximately in the shape of an arc of a circle in horizontal section and the compression elements being so constructed that only their convexly curved contact profiles project relative to the insulator body (2, 12) into the concrete components,
   characterised in
   that the compression elements (3, 13a, 13b) consist of high-strength concrete, and that the compression elements are provided with a sliding layer (20) in the region of their end-face contact profiles (23, 24),
   that the compression elements (3, 13a, 13b) are waisted in horizontal section, with a cross-section that is reduced in the central region (25) between the two endface contact profiles (23, 24) and/or
   that the compression elements, in their central region (25) between the two end-face contact profiles (23, 24), are reduced in height relative to the contact profiles.
2. Building element according to claim 1,
   characterised in that
   the sliding layer is thicker in the lower foot region (23a, 23b) of the contact profiles (23, 24).
3. Building element according to at least one of the preceding claims,
   characterised in that
   the compression elements are so constructed that, starting from the edges of the contact profiles (5, 6, 15a, 15b, 16a, 16b), they merge continuously and steplessly into the central region of the compression element.
4. Building element according to at least one of the preceding claims,
   characterised in that
   the compression elements (3, 13a, 13b) are able, by means of their curved contact profiles (5, 6, 15a, 15b, 16a, 16b), to follow the relative movements between the two components (A, B) by virtue of the contact profiles performing a pivoting movement relative to their associated component in the manner of a pendulum joint.
5. Building element according to at least one of the preceding claims,
   characterised in that
   in the region of the contact profiles (23, 24), the lower foot region (23a, 24a) - of the compression elements extends further into the associated component (A, B) than does the upper head region (23b, 24b).
6. Building element according to at least claim 1,
   characterised in that
   the sliding layer consists of a lost mould (20) for the compression element produced from concrete.
7. Building element according to at least one of the preceding claims,
   characterised in that
   the contact profiles (5, 6, 15a, 15b, 16a, 16b), in the installed state, are anchorable in the components (A, B).
8. Building element according to at least one of the preceding claims,
   characterised in that
   the end-face contact profiles (23, 24) of the compression elements are curved, especially concavely curved, in vertical longitudinal section.
9. Building element according to at least one of the preceding claims,
   characterised in that
   two compression elements are connected to one another by way of a connection region (26).
10. Building element according to at least claim 9,
    characterised in that
    a transverse load bar is insertable between the two compression elements and is fixable thereto.

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