EP1213540B1 - Bougie-crayon de chauffage pour moteurs à combustion interne - Google Patents

Bougie-crayon de chauffage pour moteurs à combustion interne Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1213540B1
EP1213540B1 EP01126795A EP01126795A EP1213540B1 EP 1213540 B1 EP1213540 B1 EP 1213540B1 EP 01126795 A EP01126795 A EP 01126795A EP 01126795 A EP01126795 A EP 01126795A EP 1213540 B1 EP1213540 B1 EP 1213540B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
glow plug
iron
sheathed
combustion chamber
resistance
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP01126795A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1213540A3 (fr
EP1213540A2 (fr
Inventor
Hartwin Weber
Waldemar Döring
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Vacuumschmelze GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Vacuumschmelze GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Vacuumschmelze GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Vacuumschmelze GmbH and Co KG
Publication of EP1213540A2 publication Critical patent/EP1213540A2/fr
Publication of EP1213540A3 publication Critical patent/EP1213540A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1213540B1 publication Critical patent/EP1213540B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23Q—IGNITION; EXTINGUISHING-DEVICES
    • F23Q7/00—Incandescent ignition; Igniters using electrically-produced heat, e.g. lighters for cigarettes; Electrically-heated glowing plugs
    • F23Q7/001—Glowing plugs for internal-combustion engines

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a glow plug for arrangement in the combustion chamber of air-compressing internal combustion engines with two resistor coils connected in series, of which the combustion chamber side resistance coil serves as a heating element and the combustion chamber distant resistance coil acts as a result of their high positive temperature coefficient of resistance as a control element and consists of an iron-based alloy.
  • the glow plug includes an embedded in an insulating material, electrical resistance element, which is composed of two series-connected resistance coils.
  • the combustion chamber-side resistance coil of this resistance element serves as a heating element and has a substantially temperature-independent resistance, while the combustion chamber remote resistance coil has a high positive temperature-resistance coefficient and acts as a control element.
  • the latter resistance coil is usually made of nickel.
  • a glow plug which in principle has the same structure and the same function as the glow plug in the above-mentioned DE-C-28 02 625.
  • the control element consists of a cobalt-iron alloy, wherein the iron content is between 20 and 35 wt.%.
  • This alloy has a cubic-centered crystal structure at room temperature, while when heated to 1000 ° C it becomes a face-centered cubic crystal structure. Because this temperature window When operating the glow plug often has to be traversed, it comes through the thus induced phase transitions to thermal fatigue (disruptions) of the control element material. It has been shown that these latter glow plugs have only a relatively short life due to the disruption of the control element material. There are also undesirable malfunctions and, moreover, there are costs for troubleshooting.
  • cobalt-base alloys exhibit a low room temperature resistance and a high temperature factor, i. that the ratio of the resistivity at a high temperature, for example, 1000 ° C, to the room temperature resistivity is high. This causes high currents to flow at low temperatures while a steady state current sets at high temperatures. In practice, however, it has been shown that it is not always necessary to have such a high specific resistance at room temperature.
  • these cobalt-based alloys must have a relatively high melting temperature, since the temperature in the control element may briefly exceed 1200 ° C., which would lead to melting of the control coil.
  • the melting temperatures of the cobalt-base alloys are to be regarded as critical here.
  • cobalt-base alloys known from EP 0 523 062 B1 exhibit a high degree of solidification and can therefore only be drawn with intermediate annealing to the preferred dimensions of 0.35 mm diameter and, in some cases, only with difficulty be wound into exact helices, because with the high solidification a sensitivity to internal stresses and their fluctuations is connected.
  • cobalt as a starting material is very expensive compared to nickel and iron, which also makes the cobalt-base alloys described in EP 0 523 062 B1 relatively expensive.
  • this object is achieved by a glow plug of the type mentioned above, which is characterized in that the serving as a control element resistance coil consists of an iron-based alloy, which maintains a cubic interior-centered crystal structure during all operating conditions of the resistance coil.
  • the strong temperature dependence of the electrical resistance of these iron-based alloys is related to the phenomenon of ferromagnetism.
  • the temperature dependence is extreme for metallic alloys with the highest saturation magnetization. This is usually accompanied by a high Curie temperature.
  • the Curie temperature determines the anomalous temperature range of the resistor and also contributes to a high temperature coefficient of resistance.
  • the alloys according to the invention have a temperature factor greater than 6 and, if the requirements for the scale resistance are not so high, a temperature factor greater than 7.
  • Suitable metals to be added to the iron-based alloy are preferably aluminum and / or chromium and / or titanium and / or vanadium and / or molybdenum. However, binary alloys are preferred for ease of manufacture.
  • the iron-based alloy contains either between about 1.25 and about 2.00 weight percent vanadium or between about 2.00 and about 3.50 weight percent molybdenum or between about 1.00 and about 2.00% by weight of titanium.
  • FIG. 1 An embodiment of a glow plug according to the invention is shown in the drawing and explained in more detail in the following description.
  • the figure shows a longitudinal section through the combustion chamber side region of a glow plug in an enlarged view.
  • the alloys according to the present invention were prepared by melting ARMCO-iron as starting material.
  • ARMCO iron is understood to mean a technically pure iron produced in large-scale operation, ie an iron with an iron content of 99.80 to 99.90% by weight.
  • the melts were then respectively alloyed with the metals aluminum, chromium, titanium, vanadium or molybdenum, so that the alloys shown in the table were produced.
  • the alloys produced on the production-related impurities were produced by melting ARMCO-iron as starting material.
  • the alloy designated in the table with "CF8" forms a prior art alloy according to EP 0 523 062 B1 and is a cobalt-based alloy which has a content of 8% by weight of iron. This alloy was used as a reference to compare the alloys of the present invention with the prior art.
  • the table shows the resistivity at 1000 ° C and at 20 ° C, the scale thickness dz in a heat treatment of a duration of 1 hour at 1100 ° C in air, the melting point Tm, the Curie temperature Tc and the change in resistance at room temperature by alloying 1.00% by weight of the corresponding alloying metal.
  • the melt was poured into a mold and the casting was hot-rolled to a thickness of 6 mm. Thereafter, the hot-rolled wire was pulled, surface-finished and drawn to a diameter of 0.35 to 0.5 mm.
  • All alloys showed an almost hysteresis-free resistivity when heating from room temperature to 1200 ° C and then cooling from 1200 ° C to room temperature. Therefore, it can be assumed that the alloys listed in the table were single-phase throughout the temperature range or that other phases were negligible.
  • the highest temperature coefficient of resistance was found to be an iron-based alloy containing 1.50 weight percent titanium followed by an iron-base alloy containing 1.25 weight percent vanadium and an iron-based alloy containing 2.00 weight percent molybdenum.
  • the molybdenum-based iron-base alloys are particularly favored because their scale thicknesses are only about 1/10 to 1/25 of the pure iron or cobalt-based alloy containing 8 wt% iron (CF8).
  • the highest melting temperatures were found in the vanadium-based iron-based alloys. Their melting temperatures were about 1530 ° C.
  • All the iron-base alloys according to the present invention can be processed in principle in the same way as pure iron and thus have the low solidifications known for ferritic materials. All manufactured alloys did not have to be annealed during processing of the 6 mm thick wire into wires with 0.3 to 0.5 mm diameter. The strengths achieved were similar to the strengths that can be achieved with a cobalt-based alloy with 8 wt.% Iron, ie at strengths ⁇ 1000 N / mm 2 . As a result, the coils wound in the hard state can be. Due to the lower solidification, there were no problems when winding the coils.
  • the alloys according to the present invention have a coefficient of thermal resistance which is lower by a factor of about 1.5 compared with the cobalt-base alloys of EP 0 523 062 B1 forming the prior art, this is not yet to look critically. However, they show several physical-technically advantageous properties compared to the prior art alloys and are overall much cheaper.
  • the alloys have a lower risk of melting due to the up to 50 ° C higher melting point. Furthermore, they have a much higher resistance to scaling, so that lower demands can be placed on the hermetic seal within the glow plug. Further, they have better processability in making wires and winding these wires into helices.
  • the figure shown is an original reproduction of Figure 1 of EP 0 523 062 B1 and represents a glow plug 10, which is provided for arrangement in a combustion chamber of air-compressing internal combustion engines, not shown.
  • This glow plug 10 has a tubular metal housing 11, in the longitudinal bore 12, a glow plug 13 is fixed sealingly with a portion of its length.
  • This glow plug 13 has a corrosion-resistant, thin-walled glow tube 14 which is closed at its combustion chamber end with a bottom 15.
  • an electrical resistance element 17 which extends in the axial direction.
  • the resistance element 17 is embedded in an insulating material 18.
  • the electrical resistance element 17 is provided with a connection part 19 for the electric current away from the combustion chamber and is connected electrically conductively and fixedly connected to the bottom 15 of the glow tube 14 on the combustion chamber side.
  • the electrical resistance element 17 consists of two connected in series resistance coils 20 and 21.
  • the combustion chamber side resistance coil 20 serves as a heating element and the brennraumferne resistance coil 21 acts as a result of their high positive temperature coefficient of resistance known as a control element, whereas where serving as a heating element resistance coil 20th
  • the acting as a control element resistance coil 21 is selected from an iron-based alloy, which maintains a cubic interior-centered crystal structure during all operating states of the glow plug 10.
  • An interior-centered structure of the iron-base alloy of such a control element resistance element 21 is given, for example, when the alloy between about 1.25 and 2.0 wt.% Vanadium or between 2.00 and 3.50 wt.% Molybdenum or between approx 1.00 and 2.00 wt% titanium.
  • mixtures of these additives are also possible. If the admixtures of alloy metals are not reached, there would be no cubic interior-centered structure and / or the alloy would not be single-phase in the temperature interval of interest. However, if the admixtures of alloying metals are exceeded, the specific resistances become too high and thus the temperature resistance coefficients for use in the control coils not suitable. Of course, these two statements apply only to binary alloy systems.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Bougie-crayon de préchauffage (1) à monter dans la chambre de combustion de moteurs à combustion interne à compression d'air, comprenant un élément de résistance électrique (17) constitué de deux spirales de résistance (20, 21), reliées en série, dont la spirale de résistance côté chambre de combustion (20) sert d'élément chauffant et la spirale de résistance éloignée de la chambre de combustion (21) agit, en raison de son coefficient température/résistance positif élevé, en tant qu'élément de régulation et se compose d'un alliage à base de fer,
    dans laquelle la spirale de résistance (21) constituée d'un alliage à base de fer et servant d'élément de régulation conserve, pendant tous les états de fonctionnement de la bougie-crayon de préchauffage (10), une structure cristalline cubique centrée vers l'intérieur.
  2. Bougie-crayon de préchauffage (10) selon la revendication 1,
    caractérisée en ce que
    l'alliage à base de fer présente un coefficient de résistance à la température supérieur à 6.
  3. Bougie-crayon de préchauffage (10) selon la revendication 2,
    caractérisée en ce que
    l'alliage à base de fer présente un facteur de température supérieur à 7.
  4. Bougie-crayon de préchauffage (10) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3,
    caractérisée en ce que
    l'alliage à base de fer contient entre environ 1,25 et 2,00 % en poids de vanadium.
  5. Bougie-crayon de préchauffage (10) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3,
    caractérisée en ce que
    l'alliage à base de fer contient entre environ 2,00 et 3,50 % en poids de molybdène.
  6. Bougie-crayon de préchauffage (10) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3,
    caractérisée en ce que
    l'alliage à base de fer contient entre environ 1,00 et 2,00 % en poids de titane.
  7. Bougie-crayon de préchauffage (10) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6,
    caractérisée en ce que
    la bougie-crayon de préchauffage est entourée d'un boîtier métallique tubulaire (11), dans l'alésage longitudinal (12) duquel est fixé de manière étanche un crayon de préchauffage (13) sur une partie de sa longueur, le crayon de préchauffage (13) présentant un tube de préchauffage (14) à paroi mince, fermé au niveau de son extrémité côté chambre de combustion par un fond (15), dans l'espace intérieur duquel s'étend, en direction axiale, l'élément de résistance électrique (17).
  8. Bougie-crayon de préchauffage (10) selon la revendication 7,
    caractérisée en ce que
    l'élément de résistance électrique (17) est incorporé dans un matériau isolant (18).
  9. Bougie-crayon de préchauffage (10) selon la revendication 7,
    caractérisée en ce que
    l'élément de résistance électrique (17) est pourvu, du côté éloigné de la chambre de combustion, d'une partie de connexion (19) pour le courant électrique.
  10. Bougie-crayon de préchauffage (10) selon la revendication 7,
    caractérisée en ce que
    l'élément de résistance électrique (17) est relié, côté chambre de combustion, de manière électriquement conductrice et fixe, au fond (15) du tube de préchauffage (14).
EP01126795A 2000-12-05 2001-11-09 Bougie-crayon de chauffage pour moteurs à combustion interne Expired - Lifetime EP1213540B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10060273 2000-12-05
DE10060273A DE10060273C1 (de) 2000-12-05 2000-12-05 Glühstiftkerze für Brennkraftmaschinen

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1213540A2 EP1213540A2 (fr) 2002-06-12
EP1213540A3 EP1213540A3 (fr) 2006-06-07
EP1213540B1 true EP1213540B1 (fr) 2007-01-24

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP01126795A Expired - Lifetime EP1213540B1 (fr) 2000-12-05 2001-11-09 Bougie-crayon de chauffage pour moteurs à combustion interne

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EP (1) EP1213540B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE352753T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE10060273C1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10310255A1 (de) * 2003-03-05 2004-09-16 E.G.O. Elektro-Gerätebau GmbH Elektrische Heizung mit einer Kontaktkochplatte
DE10314218A1 (de) * 2003-03-28 2004-10-14 Vacuumschmelze Gmbh & Co. Kg Elektrisches Heizelement
DE102010004345B4 (de) * 2010-01-11 2018-02-22 Viessmann Werke Gmbh & Co Kg Elektrode zur Flammenüberwachung an einem Heizungsbrenner

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2802625C3 (de) * 1978-01-21 1985-07-18 BERU Ruprecht GmbH & Co KG, 7140 Ludwigsburg Glühkerze
DE3825012A1 (de) * 1988-07-22 1990-01-25 Beru Werk Ruprecht Gmbh Co A Werkstoff fuer ein elektrisches widerstandselement mit positivem temperaturkoeffizienten
DE4010479A1 (de) * 1990-03-31 1991-10-02 Bosch Gmbh Robert Gluehstiftkerze fuer brennkraftmaschinen
JP2806195B2 (ja) * 1993-01-14 1998-09-30 株式会社デンソー グロープラグ

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Publication number Publication date
DE10060273C1 (de) 2001-12-13
ATE352753T1 (de) 2007-02-15
EP1213540A3 (fr) 2006-06-07
EP1213540A2 (fr) 2002-06-12
DE50111946D1 (de) 2007-03-15

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