EP1213363A1 - Procédé pour la production de couches superficielles résistant à l'usure sur des matériaux durcissables par précipitation - Google Patents

Procédé pour la production de couches superficielles résistant à l'usure sur des matériaux durcissables par précipitation Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1213363A1
EP1213363A1 EP00126449A EP00126449A EP1213363A1 EP 1213363 A1 EP1213363 A1 EP 1213363A1 EP 00126449 A EP00126449 A EP 00126449A EP 00126449 A EP00126449 A EP 00126449A EP 1213363 A1 EP1213363 A1 EP 1213363A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heat treatment
temperature
spa
short
component
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP00126449A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP1213363B1 (fr
Inventor
Berndt Brenner
Frank Tietz
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
Original Assignee
Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to DE10030433A priority Critical patent/DE10030433C2/de
Application filed by Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV filed Critical Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
Priority to DE50010769T priority patent/DE50010769D1/de
Priority to EP00126449A priority patent/EP1213363B1/fr
Priority to AT00126449T priority patent/ATE299954T1/de
Priority to ES00126449T priority patent/ES2249224T3/es
Priority to US09/736,443 priority patent/US6511559B2/en
Publication of EP1213363A1 publication Critical patent/EP1213363A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1213363B1 publication Critical patent/EP1213363B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/06—Surface hardening
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
    • C21D6/02—Hardening by precipitation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/34—Methods of heating
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D7/00—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation
    • C21D7/02—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working
    • C21D7/04—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working of the surface
    • C21D7/06—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working of the surface by shot-peening or the like
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S148/00—Metal treatment
    • Y10S148/902—Metal treatment having portions of differing metallurgical properties or characteristics

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the surface hardening of machine components. Objects, at those whose use is possible and expedient are subject to heavy wear or fatigue Components that due to high demands on the material strength at the same time high toughness are made from precipitation hardenable materials. It is particularly advantageous the invention for increasing the wear resistance of components made of stainless, precipitation hardenable martensitic steels such as B. turbine blades, pump shafts, heavy-duty bolts from the aviation industry, parts from the shipbuilding industry or special Tools can be used. Another area of application are components subject to wear high-strength, martensite-hardening (maraging) steels, which are present when high Toughness requirements cannot be used in the fully cured state.
  • Edge zones of components that are subject to wear but also fatigue are subject to their use significantly different loads than the component core. This fact is known to be accounted for by the fact that thermal, physical, chemical, mechanical, thermochemical or thermomechanical processes a harder, structure that is more resistant to wear and fatigue is produced than in the core, the structure of which is so it is set that it primarily addresses the existing strength and toughness requirements enough.
  • Blades of low pressure stages in steam turbines are subject to during their use extremely high quasi-static (centrifugal force, blade twist), cyclical (periodic Vapor pressure, blade vibrations) and tribological (drop impact) Stresses.
  • quasi-static centrifugal force, blade twist
  • cyclical periodic Vapor pressure, blade vibrations
  • tribological drop impact
  • Martensithärtende 13% chrome steels are able to meet these complex demands.
  • This will the blade material in the tempered, highly tempered state fullfillment of the requirements for Toughness, stress crack corrosion resistance, vibration crack corrosion resistance, sufficient static and cyclical resilience; Hardness about 250 - 350 HV) and the Surroundings of the leading edge e.g. B.
  • the heat treatment usually includes at least one solution annealing at 1030 - 1080 ° C (annealing time approx. 1 h) and the actual aging treatment in the temperature range between 480 ° C and 620 ° C (time 1-4 h).
  • the achievable mechanical parameters hardness, yield point R p0.2 and tensile strength R m reach their maximum at the lower limit of the conventionally possible tempering temperature of 480 ° C and decrease sharply with increasing aging temperature (see also drawing 1).
  • the aging temperature must be chosen so high that the 0.2% yield point and the tensile strength fall below values of around 1040 and 1000 MPa, respectively. This means that the lower range of possible tempering temperatures, which provides high hardness, cannot be used (see drawing 1).
  • the aim of the invention is to provide a new and effective heat treatment process that allows components made of precipitation-hardenable materials with significantly more wear-resistant To provide edge layers without a deterioration of the other mechanical To have to accept the properties of the component.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a heat treatment process that it permitted, regardless of the structure and the mechanical properties of the interior of the component and without influence higher surface layer hardness up to one of the tribological load dependent, sufficiently large depth to obtain sufficient toughness, that too Complicated parts can be used and in which the aging temperature Harnessing the short-term solution-annealed condition better.
  • this object is made more wear-resistant with a method for producing Surface layers on precipitation-hardenable materials as shown in claims 1 to 14 solved.
  • the method is based on a function optimization by a separate adjustment of the structure in the interior of the component and the surface layer.
  • the structural state inside the component and the resulting core strength and toughness are set by a previous conventional heat treatment.
  • the surface layer solution annealing according to the invention takes place in a strongly inhomogeneous temperature field, followed by an aging treatment of the entire component modified according to the invention in a homogeneous or almost homogeneous temperature field.
  • the requirements for depth, width, position and course of the wear protection zone resulting from the analysis of the tribological and / or cyclical load distribution correspond to the desired geometry of the solution annealing zone.
  • the solution annealing zone is generated by an outer layer heating process with sufficient power density.
  • the depth t H of the desired solution annealing zone is set by the local absorbed energy density and the local energy exposure time. The energy density and the duration of energy exposure also determine the resulting heating rate and the temperature gradient ,
  • the choice of the two parameters as well as the holding time ⁇ t s sa and the peak temperature T max s sa of the short-term solution annealing in the specified value range ensures a sufficiently rapid dissolution of the excretions without risk of grain coarsening.
  • the cooling rate according to the invention prevents grain coarsening during cooling and uncontrolled precipitation hardening.
  • the specification of an unusually high value for the maximum peak temperature T max s sa makes use of the knowledge that the hardness of the surface layer, as the primary parameter determining the wear resistance in the case of appropriate types of wear, increases with the peak temperature or decreases only slightly.
  • Claim 4 provides a specific embodiment of the invention for the class of martensitic precipitation hardenable steels. By choosing the values according to the invention for the peak temperature T max s sa, the temperature T spa and the time ⁇ t spa , a significantly higher hardness of the surface layer is achieved.
  • the residual stress state the precipitation hardened surface layer can be improved and a larger one Number of germs for the formation of fine excretions is present.
  • the process steps of short-term solution annealing, mechanical, can be used particularly advantageously Deformation and aging heat treatment in the further processing of semi-finished products, such as specified in claim 11 and 12, combine.
  • the execution of the mechanical deformation as shot peening treatment, as in claim 13 specified, can be used particularly advantageously for the optimization of the surface properties of very intricately shaped or very locally treated components, such as B. turbine blades deploy.
  • the heat treatment according to the invention can be carried out in various steel classes (rust and acid-resistant steels, tool steels, special steels) and steels.
  • Such steels are z. E.g .: X5CrNiCuNb16-4 (1.4542); X2NiCoMo18-8-5 (1.6359); X2NiCoMo18-12 (1.6355); X1CrNiCoMo13-8-5 (1.6960); 17-7 PH; 17-4 PH; 15-5 PH; 17-7 B; PH 13-8Mo; PH 12-9Mo etc.
  • a power amp blade made of steel N700 (factory name of Böhler Titan GmbH Kapfenberg, Austria) is subject to a drop impact and is to be provided with a wear-resistant leading edge.
  • the expected erosion zone width is 11 mm.
  • the erosion intensity is greatest at the leading edge and decreases rapidly within the width of the erosion zone in the direction of the blade leading edge.
  • 1.3 mm is desired as the maximum hardening depth t H of the edge layer in the vicinity of the leading edge, wherein the hardening depth can decrease with increasing distance from the leading edge in accordance with the decrease in erosion intensity.
  • the material N700 has the following chemical target composition: carbon ⁇ 0.04%; Silicon: 0.25%; Manganese: 0.40%; Chromium: 15.40%; Nickel: 4.40%; Copper: 3.30%; Niobium: 0.30% (data in percent by weight).
  • the following mechanical parameters are set by conventional heat treatment: 0.2% flow limit R p0.2 : 930 - 1000 MPa, tensile strength R m ⁇ 1040 MPa (see dashed lines in drawing 1).
  • the cooling takes place in air.
  • the resulting micro hardness is 353 HV 0.05 and is as large in the component core as in the surface layer. This level of hardness is not sufficient for the required drop wear resistance.
  • the heat treatment according to the invention for producing wear-resistant surface layers is done as follows:
  • T csa2 and holding times ⁇ t csa2 of the conventional comparative solution annealing treatment would have been at T csa2 ⁇ 1050 ° C. and ⁇ t csa2 ⁇ 1 h.
  • T csa2 + 300 K T max ssa .
  • the heating is carried out thoroughly in a conventional heat treatment furnace with nitrogen as a protective gas.
  • Drawing 2 shows the surface hardness HV 0.05 achieved and the hardness-depth curve.
  • the moving average of 5 microhardness impressions is plotted.
  • the surface hardness reaches 477 HV 0.05 .
  • the hardening depth up to the limit hardness of 353 HV is 1.5 mm.
  • a significantly improved wear resistance is therefore to be expected without a significant loss in toughness of the blade.
  • the residual compressive stress condition reached in the hardened zone reduces the stress and vibration crack corrosion susceptibility of the hardened structure.
  • microhardness HV 0.05 of the surface layer produced according to the invention is shown in comparison in drawing 1. It can be seen that the microhardness values in the aging temperature range of 460 ° C ⁇ T spa ⁇ 510 ° C are significantly higher than those of conventional heat treatment.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
  • Heat Treatments In General, Especially Conveying And Cooling (AREA)
  • Coating By Spraying Or Casting (AREA)
EP00126449A 1999-06-23 2000-12-07 Procédé pour la production de couches superficielles résistant à l'usure sur des articles de matériaux métalliques durcissables par précipitation Expired - Lifetime EP1213363B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10030433A DE10030433C2 (de) 1999-06-23 2000-06-21 Verfahren zur Erzeugung verschleißbeständiger Randschichten an ausscheidungshärtbaren Werkstoffen
DE50010769T DE50010769D1 (de) 1999-06-23 2000-12-07 Verfahren zur Erzeugung verschleissbeständiger Randschichten an Bauteilen aus ausscheidungshärtbaren metallischem Werkstoff
EP00126449A EP1213363B1 (fr) 1999-06-23 2000-12-07 Procédé pour la production de couches superficielles résistant à l'usure sur des articles de matériaux métalliques durcissables par précipitation
AT00126449T ATE299954T1 (de) 1999-06-23 2000-12-07 Verfahren zur erzeugung verschleissbeständiger randschichten an bauteilen aus ausscheidungshärtbaren metallischem werkstoff
ES00126449T ES2249224T3 (es) 1999-06-23 2000-12-07 Procedimiento para la produccion de capas marginales resistentes al desgaste en componentes de materiales metalicos templables por precipitacion.
US09/736,443 US6511559B2 (en) 1999-06-23 2000-12-15 Process for producing wear-resistant edge layers in precipitation-hardenable materials

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19928773 1999-06-23
DE10030433A DE10030433C2 (de) 1999-06-23 2000-06-21 Verfahren zur Erzeugung verschleißbeständiger Randschichten an ausscheidungshärtbaren Werkstoffen
EP00126449A EP1213363B1 (fr) 1999-06-23 2000-12-07 Procédé pour la production de couches superficielles résistant à l'usure sur des articles de matériaux métalliques durcissables par précipitation
US09/736,443 US6511559B2 (en) 1999-06-23 2000-12-15 Process for producing wear-resistant edge layers in precipitation-hardenable materials

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1213363A1 true EP1213363A1 (fr) 2002-06-12
EP1213363B1 EP1213363B1 (fr) 2005-07-20

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EP00126449A Expired - Lifetime EP1213363B1 (fr) 1999-06-23 2000-12-07 Procédé pour la production de couches superficielles résistant à l'usure sur des articles de matériaux métalliques durcissables par précipitation

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US6511559B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP1213363B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE299954T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE10030433C2 (fr)
ES (1) ES2249224T3 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102012018551A1 (de) * 2012-09-20 2014-03-20 Wika Alexander Wiegand Se & Co. Kg Edelstahlrohr mit Randhärtung

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US20060018782A1 (en) * 2000-09-28 2006-01-26 Mikronite Technologies Group, Inc. Media mixture for improved residual compressive stress in a product
US20020078813A1 (en) * 2000-09-28 2002-06-27 Hoffman Steve E. Saw blade
US20050279430A1 (en) * 2001-09-27 2005-12-22 Mikronite Technologies Group, Inc. Sub-surface enhanced gear
US7273409B2 (en) * 2004-08-26 2007-09-25 Mikronite Technologies Group, Inc. Process for forming spherical components
DE102004058634A1 (de) * 2004-12-04 2006-06-08 Zf Friedrichshafen Ag Vefahren zum Einsatzhärten von Bauteilen mit schraubenförmigen oder verzahnten Bereichen
US20070227008A1 (en) * 2006-03-29 2007-10-04 Andrew Zhuk Razors
US7882640B2 (en) * 2006-03-29 2011-02-08 The Gillette Company Razor blades and razors
US7448135B2 (en) * 2006-03-29 2008-11-11 The Gillette Company Multi-blade razors
US8011104B2 (en) 2006-04-10 2011-09-06 The Gillette Company Cutting members for shaving razors
US8499462B2 (en) 2006-04-10 2013-08-06 The Gillette Company Cutting members for shaving razors
DE102006050799A1 (de) * 2006-10-27 2008-05-08 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Randschichthärten formkomplizierter Bauteile
US7854809B2 (en) * 2007-04-10 2010-12-21 Siemens Energy, Inc. Heat treatment system for a composite turbine engine component
FR2921448A1 (fr) * 2007-09-24 2009-03-27 Snecma Sa Procede de formation de reliefs pertubateurs de couche limite
US9248579B2 (en) * 2008-07-16 2016-02-02 The Gillette Company Razors and razor cartridges
US20100025500A1 (en) * 2008-07-31 2010-02-04 Caterpillar Inc. Materials for fuel injector components
JP2012077355A (ja) * 2010-10-01 2012-04-19 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd 構造部材の製造方法
MX2016006485A (es) 2013-11-25 2016-08-05 Magna Int Inc Componente estructural que incluye zona de transicion templada.
US20150217414A1 (en) * 2014-02-04 2015-08-06 Caterpillar Inc. Method of remanufacturing a component
DE102017209881A1 (de) * 2017-06-12 2018-12-13 Audi Ag Verfahren zur Fertigung eines gehärteten Getriebebauteils und hierfür verwendbares Umformwerkzeug mit gekühltem Gesenk
CN108977626A (zh) * 2018-08-22 2018-12-11 哈尔滨工程大学 蒸汽轮机叶片表面的激光淬火与时效处理复合强化方法
CN111893271B (zh) * 2020-07-31 2022-04-22 山东金珠材料科技有限公司 一种可快速抽离雾气的金属工件淬火设备

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US2888373A (en) * 1956-09-11 1959-05-26 Thompson Ramo Wooldridge Inc Method for differentially age hardening austenitic steels and products produced thereby
GB1074576A (en) * 1963-09-24 1967-07-05 Int Nickel Ltd Heat treatment of steels
US3660176A (en) * 1970-02-10 1972-05-02 Armco Steel Corp Precipitation-hardenable stainless steel method and product
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DE19815670A1 (de) * 1997-04-10 1998-11-19 Ejot Verbindungstech Gmbh & Co Selbstgewindeformende Schraube aus korrosionsbeständigem Material
DE29914269U1 (de) * 1999-08-19 1999-11-25 Friederich, Heinrich, Dr.-Ing., 68649 Groß-Rohrheim Hochfester korrosionsbeständiger Edelstahl-Stab

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GB1074576A (en) * 1963-09-24 1967-07-05 Int Nickel Ltd Heat treatment of steels
US3660176A (en) * 1970-02-10 1972-05-02 Armco Steel Corp Precipitation-hardenable stainless steel method and product
SU1447878A1 (ru) * 1987-04-22 1988-12-30 Сумской филиал Харьковского политехнического института им.В.И.Ленина Способ изготовлени упругих элементов
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DE29914269U1 (de) * 1999-08-19 1999-11-25 Friederich, Heinrich, Dr.-Ing., 68649 Groß-Rohrheim Hochfester korrosionsbeständiger Edelstahl-Stab

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102012018551A1 (de) * 2012-09-20 2014-03-20 Wika Alexander Wiegand Se & Co. Kg Edelstahlrohr mit Randhärtung

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20020074066A1 (en) 2002-06-20
EP1213363B1 (fr) 2005-07-20
ES2249224T3 (es) 2006-04-01
US6511559B2 (en) 2003-01-28
DE10030433C2 (de) 2002-06-06
DE10030433A1 (de) 2001-05-03
ATE299954T1 (de) 2005-08-15
DE50010769D1 (de) 2005-08-25

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