US3660176A - Precipitation-hardenable stainless steel method and product - Google Patents
Precipitation-hardenable stainless steel method and product Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3660176A US3660176A US10272A US3660176DA US3660176A US 3660176 A US3660176 A US 3660176A US 10272 A US10272 A US 10272A US 3660176D A US3660176D A US 3660176DA US 3660176 A US3660176 A US 3660176A
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/34—Methods of heating
- C21D1/40—Direct resistance heating
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/004—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Cr and Ni
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/02—Hardening by precipitation
Definitions
- ABSTRACT Method for developing great strength, along with ductility, in the martensitic precipitation-hardenable stainless steels, particularly bar, rod and wire products such as the 17-4 PH grade (about 17 percent chromium, 4 percent nickel, 3 percent copper, 0.07 percent max. carbon, and remainder iron), wherein the product, moving at significant speed, is subjected to high electrical energy heating to quickly take the hardening ingredients (copper, carbon, etc.) into solution; then quenched to transform the metal and preclude excessive grain growth, and finally reheated to effect hardening and strengthening.
- a method for producing stainless steel, particularly bar, rod, wire, sheet, strip and like products, of great hardness and strength, yet with good ductility more especially the provision of a method for producing precipitation-hardenable stainless steel mill products of fine, equi-axed grain structure, in simple, rapid and efficient manner, with a bare minimum of scaling or surface discoloration; which steel of fine, equi-axed grain structure readily lends itself to simple precipitation heat-treatment to effect desired hardening and strengthening and the realization of products enjoying a combination of high strength along with good ductility and toughness.
- the differences between the ultimate tensile strengths of the several steels, as well as the differences in other mechanical properties, may be attributed to the differences in the ingredient added for obtaining the precipitation-hardening effect, e.g., copper in the 17-4 PH and the'l5-5 PH, aluminum and molybdenum in the PH l3-8 Mo, and titanium in Stainless W, this in addition to the differences in the chromium-nickel balances, and further than this, in the structural differences in thesolution-treated conditions.
- the ingredient added for obtaining the precipitation-hardening effect e.g., copper in the 17-4 PH and the'l5-5 PH, aluminum and molybdenum in the PH l3-8 Mo, and titanium in Stainless W, this in addition to the differences in the chromium-nickel balances, and further than this, in the structural differences in thesolution-treated conditions.
- 1 provide a method for treating the known martensitic precipitation-hardening stainless steels more particularly identified above so as to gain a quick heating of the metal to solution-treating temperatures, followed by a quick quenching, by reason of which there is had a precipitationhardenable steel of extremely fine grain size, at least ASTM l3 and usually not exceeding ASTM 14.
- the steels contain about 10 to 21 percent chromium, about 2 to 11 percent nickel, with one or more of the ingredients copper about 1 to 5 percent, aluminum about 0.3 to 2 percent and titanium about 0.5 to 2 percent, with remainder substantially all iron.
- molybdenum up to about 5 percent
- cobalt up to about 10 percent
- columbium up to about 1 percent
- Carbon is present in amounts up to about 0.10 percent and manganese up to about 2 percent.
- molybdenum may be added, this up to about 3 percent, and columbium up to about 0.5 percent.
- Carbon and manganese preferably are low, the carbon being up to about 0.08 percent and the manganese up to about 1 percent. 7
- the quick heating is had in such manner as to assure a virtual uniformity of heating and uniformity in the temperatures had, all with the result that a very fine grain structure is realized throughout the metal, certainly throughout the regions near the surface.
- a steel of exceptional strength along with good retained ductility and toughness. More particularly, I provide a martensitic precipitationhardening stainless steel of the general character indicated above, this in the form of cold-drawn wire or bar or coldrolled sheet and strip.
- the wire size ranges up to some onehalf inch in diameter, with bar up to 1% inches and the sheet and strip up to three-sixteenths inch thickness.
- the cold-drawn or cold-rolled precipitation-hardenable stainless steel product is paid off from a spool or reel upon which it has been wound subsequent to drawing.
- the wire, rod, sheet, strip or the like is led axially through an established zone of controlled high heat energy. More especially, I employ a zone of electric induction heating, or electrical resistance heating, or a combination of the two.
- the product then is fed into a quench tank and onto a wind-up reel.
- a quench in water is desirable, but for the smaller or finer products a simple quench in air is sufficient to effect the desired quench.
- a suitable form of apparatus is that described in the Rudd, et al. US. Pat. No. 2,932,502, of Apr. 12, 1960, entitled Apparatus for Continuous Heat Treating of Wire.
- a source of high-frequency electrical energy is applied directly to the steel product at two spaced points along its length, this effecting a direct resistance heating.
- the high frequency energy is applied to one or more electrically conducting tubes co-axially surrounding the product but insulated therefrom by suitable insulating liners.
- the conductive tubes serve to provide an electrical capacity effect between product and tube which assures an even distribution of high-frequency current.
- the source of energy employed is adjusted to some 10 kilocycles per second on up to about 450 kilocycles per second, this depending upon the size, that is, the
- the product is passed through the high-frequency heating zone at such speed as it relates to the length of heating zone as to give a time of heating which amounts to some 1 second to 15 seconds, or better yet, some 1 to 5 seconds, or in some cases 2 to seconds.
- a heating zone of 2 /2 feet in length the speed of travel required amounts to some 10 to 150 feet per minute for a heating of seconds at the one speed down to 1 second at the other.
- the product is brought to a temperature of about 1,500 to 2,100 F.
- the rate of heating is seen to be about 100 F. per second for the slower speed of travel and longer heating period up to about 2,100 F. per second for the faster speed and shorter period of heating.
- the wire, rod, sheet or strip is quenched, as by spraying with water, and wound onto a suitable take-up reel.
- Precipitation-hardenable stainless steel wire, rod, sheet, strip and the like, treated in accordance with my invention commonly is supplied a customer-fabricator in the annealed .or solution-treated condition. It is the customer-fabricator who ordinarily subjects the wire to the required aging treatment.
- Specimens of the wire were annealed or solution-treated at temperatures of 1,500 1,700", 1,900 and 2,100F. Some of the specimens were exposed to temperature for about 2 seconds, and others for about 10 seconds, these for a heating zone of some 3 or 4 feet in length, and at speeds of 98 feet per minute and 20 feet per minute, respectively, for the two groups.
- the yield strength figures are even more in favor of the steel treated according to my invention. With my practice there is had a yield strength of some 229,900 psi for the aged steel having the longer solution-treatment and 240,000 psi for the steel. having the shorter treatment, this as compared to some 173,000 to 200,000 psi'for the conventionally treated and aged steel. And with the increase in tensile properties enjoyed, there also is gained an increase in ductility, the steel treated according to my invention showing an elongation of 15.0 and 20.0 percent for the two differing times of solution-treatment, as against a best elongation of 10.0 to 13.5 percent for the conventionally treated steel.
- the 17-4 PH steel treated in accordance with my method develops strengths which are substantially greater than those realized by conventional heattreating methods.
- an ultimate tensile strength of about 230,000 to 247,000 psi according to my method where, with induction heating, there are employed solution-treating temperatures of some 1,900" to 2,100 F. for some 2 to seconds, this as against the 205,000 psi tensile strength had in the l7-4 PH steel solutiontreated at 1,900 F. and precipitation-hardened according to conventional methods as previously noted.
- 1 provide in my invention a method and product in which the various objects hereinbefore stated are effectively achieved.
- 1 develop great strength and hardness in the martensitic precipitation-hardening stainless steels, this through a combination of high-energy electrical heating for a very short period of time to gain rapid heating, followed by quenching and subsequent aging.
- the steels prior to aging enjoy good workability, with good ductility.
- Particularly good results are had in the precipitationhardening steels, such as the 17-4 PH, the 15-5 PH, the PH 13- 8 Mo and the PH 12-9 Mo more especially described above, steels which are martensitic when quenched from solutiontreating temperatures.
- the lower temperatures are especially satisfactory in the rapid heating of steels which have been subjected to cold-working, e.g., cold-drawing or coldrolling prior to heating as in the specific example given above.
- the art which comprises providing a martensitic precipitation-hardenable stainless steel containing about 10 to 21 percent chromium, about 2 to 1 1 percent nickel, at least one of the ingredients copper, aluminum and titanium in amounts of about 1 to 5 percent copper, about 0.3 to 2 percent aluminum and about 0.5 to 2 percent titanium, with remaindersubstantially all iron; subjecting the same to electrical heating by one of direct current or alternating current from 2 to 450 kilocycles per second to bring the steel to solution temperatures of 1,500 to 2,100. F. for some 1 to 15 seconds; quenching the same to effect transformation and to preclude excessive grain growth; and reheating the steel to effect precipitation-hardening.
- the art which comprises providing a martensitic precipitation-hardenable steel containing about 10 to 21 percent chromium, about 2 to 11 percent nickel, at least one of the ingredients copper, aluminum and titanium in amounts of about 1 to 5 percent copper, about 0.3 to 2 percent aluminum and about 0.5 to 2 percent titanium, with remainder substantially all iron; subjecting the same to electrical heating at some 2 to 450 kilocycles per second to'bring the steel to a temperature of some 1,500 to 2,100 F. for some 1 to 15 seconds; and then quenching the same prior to excessive grain growth.
- the art which comprises providing a martensitic precipitation-hardenable stainless steel product of substantial length containing about 10 to 21 percent chromium, about 2 to 1 1 percent nickel, at least one of the ingredients copper, aluminum and titanium in amounts of about 1 to 5 percent copper, about 0.3 to 2 percent aluminum and about 0.5 to 2 percent titanium, with remainder substantially all iron; subjecting the same to electrical heating by alternating current of from 60 cycles up to 450 kilocycles per second while moving the same lineally at a speed of some 10 to feet per minute to continually bring succeeding sections of the steel to a temperature of some 1,500" to 2,l00 F. for some 1 second to 15 seconds; and then successively quenching the heated sections of steel.
- the art which comprises providing a martensitic precipitation-hardenable stainless steel containing about 10 to 21 percent chromium, about 2 to l 1 percent nickel, at least one of the ingredients copper about 1 to 5 percent, aluminum about 0.3 to 2 percent and titanium about 0.5 to 2 percent, with up to 5 percent molybdenum, up to 10 percent cobalt, up to 1 percent columbium, and remainder substantially all iron; subjecting the same to high-energy alternating current electrical heating at some 2 to 450 kilocycles per second to quickly bring the steel to a temperature of some 1,500 to'2l00 F. for some 1 to 15 seconds to effect solutiontreatment; and then quenching the steel to transform the same and also preclude excessive grain growth.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Strip Materials And Filament Materials (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (4)
- 2. In the production of stainless steel of great hardness and strength along with good ductility in the precipitation-hardened condition, the art which comprises providing a martensitic precipitation-hardenable steel containing about 10 to 21 percent chromium, about 2 to 11 percent nickel, at least one of the ingredients copper, aluminum and titanium in amounts of about 1 to 5 percent copper, about 0.3 to 2 percent Aluminum and about 0.5 to 2 percent titanium, with remainder substantially all iron; subjecting the same to electrical heating at some 2 to 450 kilocycles per second to bring the steel to a temperature of some 1,500* to 2,100* F. for some 1 to 15 seconds; and then quenching the same prior to excessive grain growth.
- 3. In the production of stainless steel of great hardness and strength along with good ductility in the precipitation-hardened condition, the art which comprises providing a martensitic precipitation-hardenable stainless steel product of substantial length containing about 10 to 21 percent chromium, about 2 to 11 percent nickel, at least one of the ingredients copper, aluminum and titanium in amounts of about 1 to 5 percent copper, about 0.3 to 2 percent aluminum and about 0.5 to 2 percent titanium, with remainder substantially all iron; subjecting the same to electrical heating by alternating current of from 60 cycles up to 450 kilocycles per second while moving the same lineally at a speed of some 10 to 150 feet per minute to continually bring succeeding sections of the steel to a temperature of some 1,500* to 2,100* F. for some 1 second to 15 seconds; and then successively quenching the heated sections of steel.
- 4. In the production of stainless steel of great hardness and strength along with good ductility in the precipitation-hardened condition, the art which comprises providing a martensitic precipitation-hardenable stainless steel containing about 10 to 21 percent chromium, about 2 to 11 percent nickel, at least one of the ingredients copper about 1 to 5 percent, aluminum about 0.3 to 2 percent and titanium about 0.5 to 2 percent, with up to 5 percent molybdenum, up to 10 percent cobalt, up to 1 percent columbium, and remainder substantially all iron; subjecting the same to high-energy alternating current electrical heating at some 2 to 450 kilocycles per second to quickly bring the steel to a temperature of some 1,500* to 2100* F. for some 1 to 15 seconds to effect solution-treatment; and then quenching the steel to transform the same and also preclude excessive grain growth.
- 5. In the production of stainless steel of great hardness and strength along with good ductility in the precipitation-hardened condition, the art which comprises providing a martensitic precipitation-hardenable stainless steel containing about 12 to 18 percent chromium, about 4 to 9 percent nickel, at least one of the ingredients copper about 2 to 5 percent, aluminum about 0.4 to 1.5 percent and titanium about 0.7 to 1.5 percent, with up to about 3 percent molybdenum, up to about 0.5 percent columbium, and remainder substantially all iron; subjecting the same to a 2 1/2 foot zone of electrical heating at frequencies up to 450 kilocycles per second while moving the same lineally through said zone at a speed of some 10 to 150 feet per minute and bringing successive portions of the wire to a temperature of some 1,500* to 2,100* F. to effect solution-treatment; and then quenching the steel to transform the same and yet preclude excessive grain growth.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US1027270A | 1970-02-10 | 1970-02-10 |
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US3660176A true US3660176A (en) | 1972-05-02 |
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US10272A Expired - Lifetime US3660176A (en) | 1970-02-10 | 1970-02-10 | Precipitation-hardenable stainless steel method and product |
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Cited By (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4007351A (en) * | 1974-09-24 | 1977-02-08 | Sandco Ltd. | System for installing high strength steel belts |
FR2509412A1 (en) * | 1981-07-08 | 1983-01-14 | Fiz Tech I Akad Nauk | Tubular alloy bellows prodn. for measuring probes - using rapid heating steps to reduce scaling and increase grain size uniformity |
DE10030433C2 (en) * | 1999-06-23 | 2002-06-06 | Fraunhofer Ges Forschung | Process for the production of wear-resistant surface layers on precipitation hardenable materials |
US20040154706A1 (en) * | 2003-02-07 | 2004-08-12 | Buck Robert F. | Fine-grained martensitic stainless steel and method thereof |
US20040154707A1 (en) * | 2003-02-07 | 2004-08-12 | Buck Robert F. | Fine-grained martensitic stainless steel and method thereof |
US20060065327A1 (en) * | 2003-02-07 | 2006-03-30 | Advance Steel Technology | Fine-grained martensitic stainless steel and method thereof |
WO2007067135A1 (en) * | 2005-12-07 | 2007-06-14 | Sandvik Intellectual Property Ab | Music string and instrument comprising said string |
WO2011084091A1 (en) * | 2010-01-11 | 2011-07-14 | Sandvik Intellectual Property Ab | Music string |
US20110253269A1 (en) * | 2010-04-14 | 2011-10-20 | Yuen Neng Co., Ltd. | Antibacterial stainless steel wire and manufacturing method thereof |
US20120301740A1 (en) * | 2010-02-11 | 2012-11-29 | Isabell Buresch | Electro-optical or electromechanical structural element or sliding element |
FR2987372A1 (en) * | 2012-02-24 | 2013-08-30 | Messier Bugatti Dowty | Manufacturing stainless steel part, comprises performing heat treatment to alter steel alloy part, passivating thermally altered part, and scouring thermally altered part after step of heat treatment and before step of passivation |
US20140200555A1 (en) * | 2013-01-17 | 2014-07-17 | Abbott Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. | Methods for counteracting rebounding effects during solid state resistance welding of dissimilar materials |
US20190119775A1 (en) * | 2016-04-12 | 2019-04-25 | Jfe Steel Corporation | Martensitic stainless steel sheet |
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US2482096A (en) * | 1944-07-27 | 1949-09-20 | Armco Steel Corp | Alloy and method |
US2888373A (en) * | 1956-09-11 | 1959-05-26 | Thompson Ramo Wooldridge Inc | Method for differentially age hardening austenitic steels and products produced thereby |
US3163566A (en) * | 1960-04-28 | 1964-12-29 | British Iron Steel Research | Continuous heat treatment of elongate metal material |
US3178324A (en) * | 1963-06-03 | 1965-04-13 | United States Steel Corp | Method of producing ultrafine grained steel |
US3240639A (en) * | 1957-01-12 | 1966-03-15 | Lihl Franz | Ferro-carbon alloys of improved microstructure and process for their manufacture |
US3278345A (en) * | 1963-05-28 | 1966-10-11 | United States Steel Corp | Method of producing fine grained steel |
-
1970
- 1970-02-10 US US10272A patent/US3660176A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US2482096A (en) * | 1944-07-27 | 1949-09-20 | Armco Steel Corp | Alloy and method |
US2888373A (en) * | 1956-09-11 | 1959-05-26 | Thompson Ramo Wooldridge Inc | Method for differentially age hardening austenitic steels and products produced thereby |
US3240639A (en) * | 1957-01-12 | 1966-03-15 | Lihl Franz | Ferro-carbon alloys of improved microstructure and process for their manufacture |
US3163566A (en) * | 1960-04-28 | 1964-12-29 | British Iron Steel Research | Continuous heat treatment of elongate metal material |
US3278345A (en) * | 1963-05-28 | 1966-10-11 | United States Steel Corp | Method of producing fine grained steel |
US3178324A (en) * | 1963-06-03 | 1965-04-13 | United States Steel Corp | Method of producing ultrafine grained steel |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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Metal Progress, July 1968, pgs. 75 78 Heat Treating Stainless Steel by Induction, Libsch et al. * |
Cited By (33)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4007351A (en) * | 1974-09-24 | 1977-02-08 | Sandco Ltd. | System for installing high strength steel belts |
FR2509412A1 (en) * | 1981-07-08 | 1983-01-14 | Fiz Tech I Akad Nauk | Tubular alloy bellows prodn. for measuring probes - using rapid heating steps to reduce scaling and increase grain size uniformity |
DE10030433C2 (en) * | 1999-06-23 | 2002-06-06 | Fraunhofer Ges Forschung | Process for the production of wear-resistant surface layers on precipitation hardenable materials |
EP1213363A1 (en) * | 1999-06-23 | 2002-06-12 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft Zur Förderung Der Angewandten Forschung E.V. | Method for making wear-resistant surface layers on precipitation hardenable materials |
US6511559B2 (en) | 1999-06-23 | 2003-01-28 | Fraunhofer-Geselleschaft Zur Foerderung Der Angewandten Forschung E.V. | Process for producing wear-resistant edge layers in precipitation-hardenable materials |
US20040154707A1 (en) * | 2003-02-07 | 2004-08-12 | Buck Robert F. | Fine-grained martensitic stainless steel and method thereof |
US7470336B2 (en) * | 2003-02-07 | 2008-12-30 | Advanced Steel Technology Llc | Method of producing fine-grained martensitic stainless steel |
WO2004072308A3 (en) * | 2003-02-07 | 2004-10-14 | Advanced Steel Technology Llc | Fine-grained martensitic stainless steel and method thereof |
US6890393B2 (en) * | 2003-02-07 | 2005-05-10 | Advanced Steel Technology, Llc | Fine-grained martensitic stainless steel and method thereof |
US6899773B2 (en) * | 2003-02-07 | 2005-05-31 | Advanced Steel Technology, Llc | Fine-grained martensitic stainless steel and method thereof |
US20060065327A1 (en) * | 2003-02-07 | 2006-03-30 | Advance Steel Technology | Fine-grained martensitic stainless steel and method thereof |
US20040154706A1 (en) * | 2003-02-07 | 2004-08-12 | Buck Robert F. | Fine-grained martensitic stainless steel and method thereof |
US20080073005A1 (en) * | 2003-02-07 | 2008-03-27 | Advanced Steel Technology Llc | Fine-grained martensitic stainless steel and method thereof |
US7777108B2 (en) | 2005-12-07 | 2010-08-17 | Sandvik Intellectual Property Ab | Music string |
EP1960992A4 (en) * | 2005-12-07 | 2015-08-26 | Sandvik Intellectual Property | Music string and instrument comprising said string |
JP2009518681A (en) * | 2005-12-07 | 2009-05-07 | サンドビック インテレクチュアル プロパティー アクティエボラーグ | Instrument strings and instruments |
WO2007067135A1 (en) * | 2005-12-07 | 2007-06-14 | Sandvik Intellectual Property Ab | Music string and instrument comprising said string |
CN101326568B (en) * | 2005-12-07 | 2011-08-03 | 山特维克知识产权股份有限公司 | Music string and instrument comprising said string |
US20090071313A1 (en) * | 2005-12-07 | 2009-03-19 | Sandvik Intellectual Property Ab | Music string |
WO2011084091A1 (en) * | 2010-01-11 | 2011-07-14 | Sandvik Intellectual Property Ab | Music string |
US20120301740A1 (en) * | 2010-02-11 | 2012-11-29 | Isabell Buresch | Electro-optical or electromechanical structural element or sliding element |
US9023485B2 (en) * | 2010-02-11 | 2015-05-05 | Wieland-Werke Ag | Electrooptical or electromechanical component or sliding element |
US20110253269A1 (en) * | 2010-04-14 | 2011-10-20 | Yuen Neng Co., Ltd. | Antibacterial stainless steel wire and manufacturing method thereof |
FR2987372A1 (en) * | 2012-02-24 | 2013-08-30 | Messier Bugatti Dowty | Manufacturing stainless steel part, comprises performing heat treatment to alter steel alloy part, passivating thermally altered part, and scouring thermally altered part after step of heat treatment and before step of passivation |
US20140200555A1 (en) * | 2013-01-17 | 2014-07-17 | Abbott Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. | Methods for counteracting rebounding effects during solid state resistance welding of dissimilar materials |
CN105142845A (en) * | 2013-01-17 | 2015-12-09 | 艾博特心血管系统公司 | Methods for counteracting rebounding effects during solid state resistance welding of dissimilar materials |
US9636485B2 (en) * | 2013-01-17 | 2017-05-02 | Abbott Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. | Methods for counteracting rebounding effects during solid state resistance welding of dissimilar materials |
CN105142845B (en) * | 2013-01-17 | 2019-03-22 | 艾博特心血管系统公司 | Method for offsetting the spring-back effect during the solid state resistance weldering of dissimilar material |
US10717145B2 (en) | 2013-01-17 | 2020-07-21 | Abbott Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. | Methods for counteracting rebounding effects during solid state resistance welding of dissimilar materials |
US11440127B2 (en) | 2013-01-17 | 2022-09-13 | Abbott Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. | Methods for counteracting rebounding effects during solid state resistance welding of dissimilar materials |
US11931817B2 (en) | 2013-01-17 | 2024-03-19 | Abbott Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. | Methods for counteracting rebounding effects during solid state resistance welding of dissimilar materials |
US20190119775A1 (en) * | 2016-04-12 | 2019-04-25 | Jfe Steel Corporation | Martensitic stainless steel sheet |
US10988825B2 (en) * | 2016-04-12 | 2021-04-27 | Jfe Steel Corporation | Martensitic stainless steel sheet |
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Owner name: ARMCO ADVANCED MATERIALS CORPORATION, STANDARD AVE Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. , EFFECTIVE DEC. 31, 1987.;ASSIGNOR:ARMCO, INC.;REEL/FRAME:004850/0157 Effective date: 19871216 Owner name: ARMCO ADVANCED MATERIALS CORPORATION,PENNSYLVANIA Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:ARMCO, INC.;REEL/FRAME:004850/0157 Effective date: 19871216 |
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Owner name: BALTIMORE SPECIALTY STEELS CORPORATION, A CORP. OF Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:ARMCO ADVANCED MATERIALS CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:004923/0686 Effective date: 19880401 Owner name: BALTIMORE SPECIALTY STEELS CORPORATION, 3501 E. BI Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:ARMCO ADVANCED MATERIALS CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:004923/0686 Effective date: 19880401 |