EP1213363A1 - Verfahren zur Erzeugung verschleissbeständiger Randschichten an ausscheidungshärtbaren Werkstoffen - Google Patents
Verfahren zur Erzeugung verschleissbeständiger Randschichten an ausscheidungshärtbaren Werkstoffen Download PDFInfo
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- EP1213363A1 EP1213363A1 EP00126449A EP00126449A EP1213363A1 EP 1213363 A1 EP1213363 A1 EP 1213363A1 EP 00126449 A EP00126449 A EP 00126449A EP 00126449 A EP00126449 A EP 00126449A EP 1213363 A1 EP1213363 A1 EP 1213363A1
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- heat treatment
- temperature
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/06—Surface hardening
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/02—Hardening by precipitation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties of ferrous metals or ferrous alloys by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/34—Methods of heating
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D7/00—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation
- C21D7/02—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working
- C21D7/04—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working of the surface
- C21D7/06—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working of the surface by shot-peening or the like
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S148/00—Metal treatment
- Y10S148/902—Metal treatment having portions of differing metallurgical properties or characteristics
Definitions
- the invention relates to the surface hardening of machine components. Objects, at those whose use is possible and expedient are subject to heavy wear or fatigue Components that due to high demands on the material strength at the same time high toughness are made from precipitation hardenable materials. It is particularly advantageous the invention for increasing the wear resistance of components made of stainless, precipitation hardenable martensitic steels such as B. turbine blades, pump shafts, heavy-duty bolts from the aviation industry, parts from the shipbuilding industry or special Tools can be used. Another area of application are components subject to wear high-strength, martensite-hardening (maraging) steels, which are present when high Toughness requirements cannot be used in the fully cured state.
- Edge zones of components that are subject to wear but also fatigue are subject to their use significantly different loads than the component core. This fact is known to be accounted for by the fact that thermal, physical, chemical, mechanical, thermochemical or thermomechanical processes a harder, structure that is more resistant to wear and fatigue is produced than in the core, the structure of which is so it is set that it primarily addresses the existing strength and toughness requirements enough.
- Blades of low pressure stages in steam turbines are subject to during their use extremely high quasi-static (centrifugal force, blade twist), cyclical (periodic Vapor pressure, blade vibrations) and tribological (drop impact) Stresses.
- quasi-static centrifugal force, blade twist
- cyclical periodic Vapor pressure, blade vibrations
- tribological drop impact
- Martensithärtende 13% chrome steels are able to meet these complex demands.
- This will the blade material in the tempered, highly tempered state fullfillment of the requirements for Toughness, stress crack corrosion resistance, vibration crack corrosion resistance, sufficient static and cyclical resilience; Hardness about 250 - 350 HV) and the Surroundings of the leading edge e.g. B.
- the heat treatment usually includes at least one solution annealing at 1030 - 1080 ° C (annealing time approx. 1 h) and the actual aging treatment in the temperature range between 480 ° C and 620 ° C (time 1-4 h).
- the achievable mechanical parameters hardness, yield point R p0.2 and tensile strength R m reach their maximum at the lower limit of the conventionally possible tempering temperature of 480 ° C and decrease sharply with increasing aging temperature (see also drawing 1).
- the aging temperature must be chosen so high that the 0.2% yield point and the tensile strength fall below values of around 1040 and 1000 MPa, respectively. This means that the lower range of possible tempering temperatures, which provides high hardness, cannot be used (see drawing 1).
- the aim of the invention is to provide a new and effective heat treatment process that allows components made of precipitation-hardenable materials with significantly more wear-resistant To provide edge layers without a deterioration of the other mechanical To have to accept the properties of the component.
- the invention has for its object to provide a heat treatment process that it permitted, regardless of the structure and the mechanical properties of the interior of the component and without influence higher surface layer hardness up to one of the tribological load dependent, sufficiently large depth to obtain sufficient toughness, that too Complicated parts can be used and in which the aging temperature Harnessing the short-term solution-annealed condition better.
- this object is made more wear-resistant with a method for producing Surface layers on precipitation-hardenable materials as shown in claims 1 to 14 solved.
- the method is based on a function optimization by a separate adjustment of the structure in the interior of the component and the surface layer.
- the structural state inside the component and the resulting core strength and toughness are set by a previous conventional heat treatment.
- the surface layer solution annealing according to the invention takes place in a strongly inhomogeneous temperature field, followed by an aging treatment of the entire component modified according to the invention in a homogeneous or almost homogeneous temperature field.
- the requirements for depth, width, position and course of the wear protection zone resulting from the analysis of the tribological and / or cyclical load distribution correspond to the desired geometry of the solution annealing zone.
- the solution annealing zone is generated by an outer layer heating process with sufficient power density.
- the depth t H of the desired solution annealing zone is set by the local absorbed energy density and the local energy exposure time. The energy density and the duration of energy exposure also determine the resulting heating rate and the temperature gradient ,
- the choice of the two parameters as well as the holding time ⁇ t s sa and the peak temperature T max s sa of the short-term solution annealing in the specified value range ensures a sufficiently rapid dissolution of the excretions without risk of grain coarsening.
- the cooling rate according to the invention prevents grain coarsening during cooling and uncontrolled precipitation hardening.
- the specification of an unusually high value for the maximum peak temperature T max s sa makes use of the knowledge that the hardness of the surface layer, as the primary parameter determining the wear resistance in the case of appropriate types of wear, increases with the peak temperature or decreases only slightly.
- Claim 4 provides a specific embodiment of the invention for the class of martensitic precipitation hardenable steels. By choosing the values according to the invention for the peak temperature T max s sa, the temperature T spa and the time ⁇ t spa , a significantly higher hardness of the surface layer is achieved.
- the residual stress state the precipitation hardened surface layer can be improved and a larger one Number of germs for the formation of fine excretions is present.
- the process steps of short-term solution annealing, mechanical, can be used particularly advantageously Deformation and aging heat treatment in the further processing of semi-finished products, such as specified in claim 11 and 12, combine.
- the execution of the mechanical deformation as shot peening treatment, as in claim 13 specified, can be used particularly advantageously for the optimization of the surface properties of very intricately shaped or very locally treated components, such as B. turbine blades deploy.
- the heat treatment according to the invention can be carried out in various steel classes (rust and acid-resistant steels, tool steels, special steels) and steels.
- Such steels are z. E.g .: X5CrNiCuNb16-4 (1.4542); X2NiCoMo18-8-5 (1.6359); X2NiCoMo18-12 (1.6355); X1CrNiCoMo13-8-5 (1.6960); 17-7 PH; 17-4 PH; 15-5 PH; 17-7 B; PH 13-8Mo; PH 12-9Mo etc.
- a power amp blade made of steel N700 (factory name of Böhler Titan GmbH Kapfenberg, Austria) is subject to a drop impact and is to be provided with a wear-resistant leading edge.
- the expected erosion zone width is 11 mm.
- the erosion intensity is greatest at the leading edge and decreases rapidly within the width of the erosion zone in the direction of the blade leading edge.
- 1.3 mm is desired as the maximum hardening depth t H of the edge layer in the vicinity of the leading edge, wherein the hardening depth can decrease with increasing distance from the leading edge in accordance with the decrease in erosion intensity.
- the material N700 has the following chemical target composition: carbon ⁇ 0.04%; Silicon: 0.25%; Manganese: 0.40%; Chromium: 15.40%; Nickel: 4.40%; Copper: 3.30%; Niobium: 0.30% (data in percent by weight).
- the following mechanical parameters are set by conventional heat treatment: 0.2% flow limit R p0.2 : 930 - 1000 MPa, tensile strength R m ⁇ 1040 MPa (see dashed lines in drawing 1).
- the cooling takes place in air.
- the resulting micro hardness is 353 HV 0.05 and is as large in the component core as in the surface layer. This level of hardness is not sufficient for the required drop wear resistance.
- the heat treatment according to the invention for producing wear-resistant surface layers is done as follows:
- T csa2 and holding times ⁇ t csa2 of the conventional comparative solution annealing treatment would have been at T csa2 ⁇ 1050 ° C. and ⁇ t csa2 ⁇ 1 h.
- T csa2 + 300 K T max ssa .
- the heating is carried out thoroughly in a conventional heat treatment furnace with nitrogen as a protective gas.
- Drawing 2 shows the surface hardness HV 0.05 achieved and the hardness-depth curve.
- the moving average of 5 microhardness impressions is plotted.
- the surface hardness reaches 477 HV 0.05 .
- the hardening depth up to the limit hardness of 353 HV is 1.5 mm.
- a significantly improved wear resistance is therefore to be expected without a significant loss in toughness of the blade.
- the residual compressive stress condition reached in the hardened zone reduces the stress and vibration crack corrosion susceptibility of the hardened structure.
- microhardness HV 0.05 of the surface layer produced according to the invention is shown in comparison in drawing 1. It can be seen that the microhardness values in the aging temperature range of 460 ° C ⁇ T spa ⁇ 510 ° C are significantly higher than those of conventional heat treatment.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
- Heat Treatments In General, Especially Conveying And Cooling (AREA)
- Coating By Spraying Or Casting (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Eine spezifische Ausgestaltung der Erfindung für die Klasse der martensitischen ausscheidungshärtbaren Stähle sieht Anspruch 4 vor. Durch die Wahl der erfindungsgemäßen Werte für die Spitzentemperatur Tmax s sa,, die Temperatur Tspa und der Zeit Δtspa wird eine deutlich höhere Randschichthärte erreicht.
Niob: 0,30 % (Angaben jeweils in Gewichtsprozent). Zur Gewährleistung der mechanischen und zyklischen Belastbarkeit der Turbinenschaufel infolge Fliehkraft- und Dampfkraftbeaufschlagung, Verwindung usw. werden durch eine konventionelle Wärmebehandlung folgende mechanische Kennwerte eingestellt: 0,2 % -Fließgrenze Rp0,2: 930 - 1000 MPa, Zugfestigkeit Rm ≤ 1040 MPa (siehe strichlierte Felder in Zeichnung 1). Dazu wird eine Lösungsglühbehandlung bei einer Temperatur von Tcsa1 = 1030 - 1060 °C für eine Zeit von Δt = 1 h vorgenommen. Die Auslagerungswärmebehandlung erfolgt bei einer Temperatur von Tcpa1 = 540 °C - 570 °C über eine Zeit von Δtcpa1 = 4 h. Die Abkühlung erfolgt an Luft. Die sich einstellende Mikrohärte beträgt 353 HV0,05 und ist im Bauteilkern genauso groß wie in der Randschicht. Dieses Härteniveau ist nicht ausreichend für die erforderliche Tropfenverschleißbeständigkeit.
- Laserstrahlleistung am Auftreffort der Laserstrahlung: 2,75 kW;
- absorbierte Laserstrahlleistung: 2,2 kW;
- Vorschubgeschwindigkeit: 1000 mm/min ;
- Strahlfleckdurchmesser: 11,9 mm;
- resultierende mittlere Laserleistungsdichte: 2,0 kW/cm2.
- Aufheizgeschwindigkeit
- Temperaturgradient beim Aufheizen (in größerem Abstand zur Schaufelspitze)
- Spitzentemperatur Tmax s sa ≈ 1350 °C;
- Haltezeit des Kurzzeit-Lösungsglühens Δts sa ≈ 0,7 s;
- Abkühlgeschwindigkeit
- Auslagerungstemperatur Tspa ≈ 465 °C,
- Auslagerungszeit Δtspa ≈ 4 h.
Somit gilt: Tspa + 15 K = Tcpa2; Δtspa = 4 * Δtcpa2.
Die Erwärmung erfolgt durchgreifend in einem konventionellen Wärmebehandlungsofen mit Stickstoff als Schutzgas.
Claims (14)
- Verfahren zur Erzeugung von verschleißbeständigen Randschichten an ausscheidungshärtbaren Werkstoffen durch ein Kurzzeitlösungsglühen und eine nachfolgende Auslagerungswärmebehandlung, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein konventionell bei einer Temperatur Tcsa1, lösungsgeglühtes und anschließend konventionell bei einer Temperatur Tcpa1 einer Auslagerungswärmebehandlung unterworfenes Bauteil einer erneuten, nur die Randschicht des Bauteils erfassenden Kurzzeitlösungsglühung bei einer Temperatur Tssa > Tcsa1 und einer Haltezeit des Kurzzeit-Lösungsglühens Δtssa < 12 s unterworfen wird und anschließend eine weitere, sowohl das Bauteilinnere als auch die Randschicht gleichermaßen umfassende Auslagerungwärmebehandlung bei einer Temperatur Tspa < Tcpa1 durchgeführt wird.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dassa) die Randschicht des Bauteiles bis zu einer Tiefe t H, die der angestrebten Einhärtungstiefe entspricht, durch eine kurzzeitige und von der Bauteiloberfläche ausgehende Energieeinwirkung lösungsgeglüht wird,b) die kurzzeitige und von der Bauteiloberfläche ausgehende Energieeinwirkung durch ein hochenergetisches Randschichterwärmungsverfahren realisiert wird,e) für die Spitzentemperatur Tmax ssa der Kurzzeit-Lösungsglühbehandlung Tcsa2 + 50 K ≤ T max ssa ≤ Tcsa2 +400 K gilt, wobei T csa2 die konventionelle Lösungsglühtemperatur des entsprechenden Werkstoffes ist,f) die Haltezeit des Kurzzeit-Lösungsglühens Δ t ssa in dem Temperaturbereich, in dem eine merkliche Auflösung der Ausscheidungen stattfindet, im Bereich 10 -1 s ≤ Δ t ssa≤ 12 s liegt,h) die Auslagerungswärmebehandlung mit einer im Vergleich zur Kurzzeit-Lösungsglühbehandlung längeren Haltezeit Δ tspa, Δ tspa > Δ t ssh und einem deutlich geringeren Temperaturgradienten , << durchgeführt wird,i) für die Temperatur Tspa der Auslagerungswärmebehandlung Tspa ≤ Tcpa2 ≤ Tspa + 80 K gilt, wobei Tcpa2 die Untergrenze des konventionellen Auslagerungstemperaturbereiches darstellt,j) die Haltezeit der Auslagerungswärmebehandlung Δ tspa eineinhalb bis sechzehnmal so groß gewählt wird, wie die Haltezeit Δ t cpa2 der konventionellen Auslagerungswärmebehandlung.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass als Ausgangszustand für die Kurzzeit-Lösungsglühung und die nachfolgende Auslagerungswärmebehandlung ein ausscheidungsgehärteter Werkstoffzustand gewählt wird, dessen mechanischen Kennwerte 0,2 % Fließgrenze, Zugfestigkeit und Härte nach der Bauteilbeanspruchung gewählt werden und über die Auslagerungstemperatur Tcpa1 und Auslagerungszeit Δtcpa1 eingestellt werden.
- Verfahren nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche von 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Randschichtveredlung von ausscheidungshärtbaren Stählen mit Kohlenstoffgehalten von 0,03 bis 0,08 Gew. %, Chromgehalten von 10 bis 19 Gew. %, Nickelgehalten von 3,0 bis 11,0 Gew. %, Kupfergehalten von 1,0 bis 5,0 Gew. % und Niobgehalten von 0,15 bis 0,45 Gew. % so durchgeführt wird, dassa) die Tiefe t H der lösungsgeglühten Randschicht 0,1 mm ≤ t H < 7 mm beträgt,b) für die Spitzentemperatur Tmax ssa der Kurzzeit-Lösungsglühbehandlung 1080 °C ≤ Tmax ssa ≤ 1350 °C gilt,c) die Temperatur Tspa der Auslagerungswärmebehandlung im Bereich 445 °C ≤ Tspa ≤ 500 °C gewählt wird,d) die Haltezeit der Auslagerungswärmebehandlung Δ tspa im Bereich 1 h ≤ Δ tspa ≤ 8 h eingestellt wird.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche von 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das hochenergetische Randschichterwärmungsverfahren eine Laserstrahlerwärmung ist.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche von 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass als hochenergetisches Randschichterwärmungsverfahren eine Elektronenstrahlerwärmung gewählt wird.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche von 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass als hochenergetisches Randschichterwärmungsverfahren eine induktive Randschichterwärmung dient.
- Verfahren nach mindestens einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass nach der Kurzzeit-Lösungsglühbehandlung und vor der Auslagerungswärmebehandlung eine mechanische Verformung der Randschicht vorgenommen wird.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Bauteil ein Halbzeug ist und das Halbzeug seine endgültige Form durch eine Umformung erhält.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 10 und 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Kurzzeit-Lösungsglühbehandlung, die Umformung und die Auslagerungswärmebehandlung im Durchlaufverfahren durchgeführt werden.
- Verfahren nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche von 10 bis 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die mechanische Verformung der Randschicht durch eine Kugelstrahlbehandlung vorgenommen wird.
Priority Applications (6)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE10030433A DE10030433C2 (de) | 1999-06-23 | 2000-06-21 | Verfahren zur Erzeugung verschleißbeständiger Randschichten an ausscheidungshärtbaren Werkstoffen |
| AT00126449T ATE299954T1 (de) | 1999-06-23 | 2000-12-07 | Verfahren zur erzeugung verschleissbeständiger randschichten an bauteilen aus ausscheidungshärtbaren metallischem werkstoff |
| ES00126449T ES2249224T3 (es) | 1999-06-23 | 2000-12-07 | Procedimiento para la produccion de capas marginales resistentes al desgaste en componentes de materiales metalicos templables por precipitacion. |
| DE50010769T DE50010769D1 (de) | 1999-06-23 | 2000-12-07 | Verfahren zur Erzeugung verschleissbeständiger Randschichten an Bauteilen aus ausscheidungshärtbaren metallischem Werkstoff |
| EP00126449A EP1213363B1 (de) | 1999-06-23 | 2000-12-07 | Verfahren zur Erzeugung verschleissbeständiger Randschichten an Bauteilen aus ausscheidungshärtbaren metallischem Werkstoff |
| US09/736,443 US6511559B2 (en) | 1999-06-23 | 2000-12-15 | Process for producing wear-resistant edge layers in precipitation-hardenable materials |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19928773 | 1999-06-23 | ||
| DE10030433A DE10030433C2 (de) | 1999-06-23 | 2000-06-21 | Verfahren zur Erzeugung verschleißbeständiger Randschichten an ausscheidungshärtbaren Werkstoffen |
| EP00126449A EP1213363B1 (de) | 1999-06-23 | 2000-12-07 | Verfahren zur Erzeugung verschleissbeständiger Randschichten an Bauteilen aus ausscheidungshärtbaren metallischem Werkstoff |
| US09/736,443 US6511559B2 (en) | 1999-06-23 | 2000-12-15 | Process for producing wear-resistant edge layers in precipitation-hardenable materials |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1213363A1 true EP1213363A1 (de) | 2002-06-12 |
| EP1213363B1 EP1213363B1 (de) | 2005-07-20 |
Family
ID=39682747
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP00126449A Expired - Lifetime EP1213363B1 (de) | 1999-06-23 | 2000-12-07 | Verfahren zur Erzeugung verschleissbeständiger Randschichten an Bauteilen aus ausscheidungshärtbaren metallischem Werkstoff |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6511559B2 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP1213363B1 (de) |
| AT (1) | ATE299954T1 (de) |
| DE (2) | DE10030433C2 (de) |
| ES (1) | ES2249224T3 (de) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102012018551A1 (de) * | 2012-09-20 | 2014-03-20 | Wika Alexander Wiegand Se & Co. Kg | Edelstahlrohr mit Randhärtung |
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| US20060018782A1 (en) * | 2000-09-28 | 2006-01-26 | Mikronite Technologies Group, Inc. | Media mixture for improved residual compressive stress in a product |
| US20020078813A1 (en) * | 2000-09-28 | 2002-06-27 | Hoffman Steve E. | Saw blade |
| US20050279430A1 (en) * | 2001-09-27 | 2005-12-22 | Mikronite Technologies Group, Inc. | Sub-surface enhanced gear |
| US7273409B2 (en) * | 2004-08-26 | 2007-09-25 | Mikronite Technologies Group, Inc. | Process for forming spherical components |
| DE102004058634A1 (de) * | 2004-12-04 | 2006-06-08 | Zf Friedrichshafen Ag | Vefahren zum Einsatzhärten von Bauteilen mit schraubenförmigen oder verzahnten Bereichen |
| US7448135B2 (en) * | 2006-03-29 | 2008-11-11 | The Gillette Company | Multi-blade razors |
| US7882640B2 (en) * | 2006-03-29 | 2011-02-08 | The Gillette Company | Razor blades and razors |
| US20070227008A1 (en) * | 2006-03-29 | 2007-10-04 | Andrew Zhuk | Razors |
| US8499462B2 (en) * | 2006-04-10 | 2013-08-06 | The Gillette Company | Cutting members for shaving razors |
| US8011104B2 (en) | 2006-04-10 | 2011-09-06 | The Gillette Company | Cutting members for shaving razors |
| DE102006050799A1 (de) * | 2006-10-27 | 2008-05-08 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Randschichthärten formkomplizierter Bauteile |
| US7854809B2 (en) * | 2007-04-10 | 2010-12-21 | Siemens Energy, Inc. | Heat treatment system for a composite turbine engine component |
| FR2921448A1 (fr) * | 2007-09-24 | 2009-03-27 | Snecma Sa | Procede de formation de reliefs pertubateurs de couche limite |
| US9248579B2 (en) * | 2008-07-16 | 2016-02-02 | The Gillette Company | Razors and razor cartridges |
| US20100025500A1 (en) * | 2008-07-31 | 2010-02-04 | Caterpillar Inc. | Materials for fuel injector components |
| JP2012077355A (ja) * | 2010-10-01 | 2012-04-19 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | 構造部材の製造方法 |
| MX2016006485A (es) | 2013-11-25 | 2016-08-05 | Magna Int Inc | Componente estructural que incluye zona de transicion templada. |
| US20150217414A1 (en) * | 2014-02-04 | 2015-08-06 | Caterpillar Inc. | Method of remanufacturing a component |
| DE102017209881A1 (de) * | 2017-06-12 | 2018-12-13 | Audi Ag | Verfahren zur Fertigung eines gehärteten Getriebebauteils und hierfür verwendbares Umformwerkzeug mit gekühltem Gesenk |
| CN108977626A (zh) * | 2018-08-22 | 2018-12-11 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | 蒸汽轮机叶片表面的激光淬火与时效处理复合强化方法 |
| CN111893271B (zh) * | 2020-07-31 | 2022-04-22 | 山东金珠材料科技有限公司 | 一种可快速抽离雾气的金属工件淬火设备 |
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| US2888373A (en) * | 1956-09-11 | 1959-05-26 | Thompson Ramo Wooldridge Inc | Method for differentially age hardening austenitic steels and products produced thereby |
| GB1074576A (en) * | 1963-09-24 | 1967-07-05 | Int Nickel Ltd | Heat treatment of steels |
| US3660176A (en) * | 1970-02-10 | 1972-05-02 | Armco Steel Corp | Precipitation-hardenable stainless steel method and product |
| SU1447878A1 (ru) * | 1987-04-22 | 1988-12-30 | Сумской филиал Харьковского политехнического института им.В.И.Ленина | Способ изготовлени упругих элементов |
| DE19815670A1 (de) * | 1997-04-10 | 1998-11-19 | Ejot Verbindungstech Gmbh & Co | Selbstgewindeformende Schraube aus korrosionsbeständigem Material |
| DE29914269U1 (de) * | 1999-08-19 | 1999-11-25 | Friederich, Heinrich, Dr.-Ing., 68649 Groß-Rohrheim | Hochfester korrosionsbeständiger Edelstahl-Stab |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SU494412A1 (ru) * | 1973-08-21 | 1975-12-05 | Курганский машиностроительный институт | Способ обработки сопр гаемых деталей из мартенситно-стареющих сталей |
| US5238510A (en) * | 1990-08-10 | 1993-08-24 | Bethlehem Steel Corporation | Metal sheet and method for producing the same |
-
2000
- 2000-06-21 DE DE10030433A patent/DE10030433C2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-12-07 DE DE50010769T patent/DE50010769D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-12-07 AT AT00126449T patent/ATE299954T1/de active
- 2000-12-07 ES ES00126449T patent/ES2249224T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-12-07 EP EP00126449A patent/EP1213363B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-12-15 US US09/736,443 patent/US6511559B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2888373A (en) * | 1956-09-11 | 1959-05-26 | Thompson Ramo Wooldridge Inc | Method for differentially age hardening austenitic steels and products produced thereby |
| GB1074576A (en) * | 1963-09-24 | 1967-07-05 | Int Nickel Ltd | Heat treatment of steels |
| US3660176A (en) * | 1970-02-10 | 1972-05-02 | Armco Steel Corp | Precipitation-hardenable stainless steel method and product |
| SU1447878A1 (ru) * | 1987-04-22 | 1988-12-30 | Сумской филиал Харьковского политехнического института им.В.И.Ленина | Способ изготовлени упругих элементов |
| DE19815670A1 (de) * | 1997-04-10 | 1998-11-19 | Ejot Verbindungstech Gmbh & Co | Selbstgewindeformende Schraube aus korrosionsbeständigem Material |
| DE29914269U1 (de) * | 1999-08-19 | 1999-11-25 | Friederich, Heinrich, Dr.-Ing., 68649 Groß-Rohrheim | Hochfester korrosionsbeständiger Edelstahl-Stab |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| DATABASE WPI Week 198942, Derwent World Patents Index; AN 1989-307416, XP002174123 * |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102012018551A1 (de) * | 2012-09-20 | 2014-03-20 | Wika Alexander Wiegand Se & Co. Kg | Edelstahlrohr mit Randhärtung |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20020074066A1 (en) | 2002-06-20 |
| DE10030433A1 (de) | 2001-05-03 |
| ATE299954T1 (de) | 2005-08-15 |
| DE10030433C2 (de) | 2002-06-06 |
| EP1213363B1 (de) | 2005-07-20 |
| US6511559B2 (en) | 2003-01-28 |
| DE50010769D1 (de) | 2005-08-25 |
| ES2249224T3 (es) | 2006-04-01 |
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