EP1206702A1 - Antigene associe a un melanome (hmw-maa) defini par un anticorps monoclonal - Google Patents

Antigene associe a un melanome (hmw-maa) defini par un anticorps monoclonal

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Publication number
EP1206702A1
EP1206702A1 EP00957184A EP00957184A EP1206702A1 EP 1206702 A1 EP1206702 A1 EP 1206702A1 EP 00957184 A EP00957184 A EP 00957184A EP 00957184 A EP00957184 A EP 00957184A EP 1206702 A1 EP1206702 A1 EP 1206702A1
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European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
antibody
epitope
binding
amino acids
hmw
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EP00957184A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Thomas N. Brodin
Lennart G. Ohlsson
M. Jesper Tordsson
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Active Biotech AB
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Active Biotech AB
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K16/00—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies
    • C07K16/18—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans
    • C07K16/28—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants
    • C07K16/30—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants from tumour cells
    • C07K16/3053—Skin, nerves, brain
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
    • A61K39/0005—Vertebrate antigens
    • A61K39/0011—Cancer antigens
    • A61K39/00119—Melanoma antigens
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
    • A61K2039/505—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies comprising antibodies
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
    • C07K2317/20—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by taxonomic origin
    • C07K2317/21—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by taxonomic origin from primates, e.g. man
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
    • C07K2317/50—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by immunoglobulin fragments
    • C07K2317/55—Fab or Fab'
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
    • C07K2317/60—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by non-natural combinations of immunoglobulin fragments
    • C07K2317/62—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by non-natural combinations of immunoglobulin fragments comprising only variable region components
    • C07K2317/622—Single chain antibody (scFv)
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K2319/00—Fusion polypeptide

Definitions

  • Phage selection methods based on complex antigens such as cell suspensions have been described. Recently, a method to select antibody phage using tumor tissue sections was described. Taken together these methods enable the identification of novel antibody specificities against both in vi tro and in vivo expressed antigens.
  • BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention is based on the identification of new epitopes on the high molecular weight melanoma associated antigen.
  • the invention provides in a first aspect an epitope of high molecular weight melanoma associated antigen (HMW-MAA) , said epitope a) having the ability of being specifically blocked by and to specifically block a binding structure which recognizes HMW-MAA, b) being displayed on the surface of human cells but not in cells or tissue from Macaca fascicularis, and c) having a normal tissue distribution pattern which is more restricted than that of other known epitopes of HMW-MAA.
  • HMW-MAA high molecular weight melanoma associated antigen
  • the binding struc- ture is labeled and the binding thereof is inhibitable by an unlabeled form of said binding structure and not by other binding structures, and not inhibiting the binding of other binding structures having other specificities.
  • said binding structure comprises one or more of the CDR (complementarity determining region) sequences comprising the amino acids number 23-33, 49-55, 88-98 and the amino acids number 158-162, 177-193, 226-240 of the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 2, the amino acids number 22-32, 48-54, 87-97 and the amino acids number 157-161, 176-192, 225-239 of the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 4, or other binding structures having essemtially the same epitope specificity.
  • binding structure structure e.g. an antibody
  • binding inhibited binding inhibited
  • binding structure e.g. antibody
  • binding structure e.g. antibody
  • other binding structures of essentially the same specificity could also be blocked (binding inhibited) by a soluble form of the epitope, but not by other epitopes.
  • said binding structure is an antibody.
  • said antibody comprises the variable region of a light chain comprising essentially the amino acids number 1-109 of the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 2, and the variable region of a heavy chain comprising essentially the amino acids number 128-251 of the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO : 2.
  • said antibody comprises the variable region of a light chain comprising essentially the amino acids number 1-108 of the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 4, and the variable region of a heavy chain comprising essentially the amino acids number 127-250 of the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO : 4.
  • a further characteristic feature of said epitope is that it is display- ed less in human uterus and kidneys than other epitopes of the HMW-MAA.
  • an anti-idiotype of said epitope which anti-idio- type is specifically blocked by and specifically blocks a binding structure having essemtially the same binding specificity for said epitope.
  • a vaccine composition comprising as an active principle an epitope as defined above, or an anti- idiotype of said epitope as defined above.
  • a further aspect of the invention relates to a binding structure which recognizes an epitope of the high molecular weight melanoma associated antigen (HMW-MAA) and is of an organic-chemical nature.
  • HMW-MAA high molecular weight melanoma associated antigen
  • binding structures are antibodies and so called peptidomimetics .
  • Said peptidomimetics are small organic-chemical drug-like molecules which can be derived from a polypetide, such as an antibody, by determination of the three-dimensional structure of e.g. the CDR loops in an antibody combining site. By such an elucidation of the bioactive conformation of a peptide loop in an immunoglobulin VL domain, so-called peptidomimetics based on organic-chemical molecules can be identified/constructed (6, 7, 8) .
  • a still further aspect of the invention is related to an antibody having a binding structure which recognizes a target structure of high molecular weight melanoma associated antigen (HMW-MAA) , and which comprises a) the CDR sequences in the light chain comprising essentially the amino acids number 23-33 (CDR1) , 49-55
  • CDR2 and 88-98 (CDR3) of the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID No. 2 and the CDR sequences in the heavy chain comprising essentially the amino acids number 158-162 (CDR1) , 177-193 (CDR2) and 226-240 (CDR3) of the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 2, or b) the CDR sequences in the light chain comprising essentially the amino acids number 22-32 (CDR1) , 48-54 (CDR2) , 87-97 (CDR3) of the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO : 4 , and the CDR sequences in the heavy chain comprising essentially the amino acids number 157-161 (CDR1) , 176-192 (CDR2), 225-239 (CDR3) of the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO : 4 , or other binding structures having essemtially the same epitope specificity.
  • said antibody is phage selected.
  • the CDR sequences are of Macaca fascicularis origin.
  • the CDR sequences have an identity of at least 89% to corresponding CDR sequences of human origin. In another embodiment said antibody has low immuno- genicity or non-immunogenicity in humans.
  • a still further embodiment of said antibody is an antibody which has been derivatised by genetically linking to other polypeptides, or by chemical conjugation to organic or non-organic chemical molecules, or by oligo- or multimerisation. Also contemplated is an antibody, which is genetically linked or chemically conjugated to cytotoxic polypeptides or to cytotoxic organic or non-organic chemical molecules, or to biolo- gically active molecules, or to immune activating molecules .
  • Said antibody may also be changed to increase the affinity thereof, or to increase the production yield thereof, or to influence the pharmacokinetic properties thereof, or to give new pharmacokinetic properties thereto.
  • the present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition
  • a pharmaceutical composition comprising as an active principle an antibody as defined above.
  • the invention relates to a method of in vitro histopathological diagnosis and prognosis of human malignant desease, in which a sample is contacted with an antibody as defined above and an indicator.
  • said method comprises tumor typing, tumor screening, tumor diagnosis and prognosis, or monitoring premalignant conditions.
  • the present invention relates to a method for in vitro diagnosis and prognosis of human malignant disease, whereby concentrations in bodily fluids of an antigen, comprising an epitope as defined above or an anti-idiotype of said epitope as defined above, is assayed.
  • the present invention relates to a method for in vitro diagnosis and prognosis of human malignant disease, whereby concentrations in bodily fluids of an antibody as defined above is assayed.
  • the present invention relates to a method for in vitro diagnosis and prognosis of human malignant disease, whereby concentrations in bodily fluids of a complex of a) an antigen comprising an epitope as defined above or an anti-idiotype of said epitope as defined above, and b) an antibody as defined above is assayed.
  • the present invention relates to a method for in vivo diagnosis and prognosis of human malignant disease, whereby the localisation of an antibody as defined above to tumor deposits in a human subject is determined.
  • said antibody is adminis- tered to the subject before the determination.
  • said antibody is accumulated in tumor deposits .
  • said method is quantitative .
  • a still further aspect of the present invention is related to a method for therapy of human malignant dis- ease, whereby an antibody as defined above is administered to a human subject.
  • said antibody has been changed by being genetically linked to molecules giving the combined molecule changed pharmacokinetic properties.
  • said antibody has been changed by being derivatised.
  • the invention also encompasses DNA sequences coding for said amino acid sequences, which DNA sequences are shown in SEQ ID NOs : 1 and 3. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
  • HMW-MAA The high molecular weight melanoma associated antigen, HMW-MAA, has been demonstrated to be useful for diagnosis and treatment of malignant melanoma (2,3).
  • Murine monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) generated towards different epitopes of this cell-surface molecule localize efficiently to metastatic lesions in patients with disseminated disease.
  • the use of a phage selected antibody directed to this molecule for targeting of bacterial superantigens (SAgs) and cytotoxic T cells to melanoma cells has now been explored.
  • Macaca fascicularis monkeys were immunized with a crude suspension of metastatic melanoma. A strong sero- logical response towards HMW-MAA was demonstrated, indicating its role as an immunodominant molecule in the primate.
  • phage selection using melanoma cells and tissue sections of a recombinant antibody phage library generated from lymph node mRNA, several clones producing monoclonal scFv antibody fragments reacting with HMW-MAA were identified.
  • K305 was transferred to a Fab format and evaluated as the tumor targeting moiety for superantigen-based immu- notherapy.
  • the K305 Fab was fused to the superantigen Staphylococcal Enterotoxin A (D227A) , mutated to reduce its MHC Class II binding affinity and demonstrated redirection of T cell cytotoxi- city to melanoma cells in vi tro .
  • D227A superantigen Staphylococcal Enterotoxin A
  • engraftment of human lymphoid cells followed by the K305 Fab-SEA (D227A) fusion protein induced HMW-MAA-specific tumor growth reduction.
  • the phage selected K305 antibody demonstrates properties including high affinity and selectivity supporting its use as a therapeutic antibody in conjunction with T cell activating superantigens .
  • An antibody phage library derived from a tumor- immunized Macaca fascicularis monkey was used for phage selection using melanoma cells and tissue sections. The approach was based on previous reports that primate antibody repertoires have been used successfully for the pro- duction of selective immune sera to tumor-associated antigens.
  • monoclonal Macaca fascicularis antibodies were selected which were specific for the HMW-MAA.
  • K305 which together with K461 recognize a unique and selectively expressed epitope on the human HMW-MAA molecule, was fused as a Macaca fascicularis Fab fragment to SEA(D227A) . T cell lysis of melanoma cells and in vivo tumor reduction mediated by this antibody are demonstrated suggesting its applicability for immunotherapy of malignant melanoma.
  • HMW-MAA The high molecular weight melanoma associated antigen, HMW-MAA, has been demonstrated to be useful for diagnosis and treatment of malignant melanoma.
  • Murine monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) generated towards different epitopes of this cell-surface molecule localize efficiently to metastatic lesions in patients with disseminated disease.
  • SAgs bacterial superantigens
  • cytotoxic T cells to melanoma cells has been explored.
  • Macaca fascicularis monkeys were immunized with a crude suspension of metastatic melanoma.
  • HMW-MAA A strong sero- logical response towards HMW-MAA was demonstrated, indicating its role as an immunodominant molecule in the primate .
  • phage selection using melanoma cells and tissue sections of a recombinant antibody phage library generated from lymph node mRNA several clones producing monoclonal scFv antibody fragments reacting with HMW-MAA were identified.
  • K305 One of these scFv fragments, here called K305, was transferred to a Fab format and evaluated as the tumor targeting moiety for superantigen-based immu- notherapy.
  • the K305 Fab was fused to the superantigen Staphylococcal Enterotoxin A (D227A) , mutated to reduce its MHC Class II binding affinity and demonstrated redirection of T cell cyto- toxicity to melanoma cells in vi tro .
  • D227A superantigen Staphylococcal Enterotoxin A
  • SCID mice carry- ing human melanoma tumors, engraftment of human lymphoid cells followed by the K305 Fab-SEA (D227A) fusion protein, induced HMW-MAA-specific tumor growth reduction.
  • the phage selected K305 antibody demonstrates properties including high affinity and selectivity suppor- ting its use as a therapeutic antibody in conjunction with T cell activating superantigens.
  • mice Severe Combined Immunodeficient (SCID) female mice (C.B-17) were obtained from Bommice, Ry, Denmark and kept under pathogen-free conditions. The animals were acclimatized to laboratory conditions (20 ⁇ 1°C, 50 + 5% relative humidity) for about one week before commencement of the experiments. The animals were subjected to visual inspection on arrival and housed in Macrolone cages (III) with 10 animals in each cage. After randomizing, the animals were used for the experiments. The mice were fed sterile pelleted rodent diet from Special Diets Services, Essex, UK. Sterile water was always available ad libitum. The mice were 8-12 weeks of age when used in this study and the body weight ranged between 17.0-26.0 g with a mean value ( ⁇ SEM) of 20.6 ⁇ 0.15 g.
  • ⁇ SEM mean value
  • Macaca fascicularis monkeys (two individuals) were kept and immunized at the Swedish Institute for Infec- tious Decease Control (SIIDC) , Sweden.
  • SIIDC Swedish Institute for Infec- tious Decease Control
  • the monkeys were immunized s.c. with 2 ml of a crude mechanical suspension of 43 different metastatic melanoma tissue biopsies in PBS with 10 % normal Macaca fascicularis serum mixed with alun adjuvant.
  • Booster doses were given day 21, 35, and 49.
  • the immune serum was collected day
  • melanoma samples were used to select for an antibody response to commonly expressed melanoma associated antigens.
  • Tissues and cells Human tumors and normal tissue samples and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBM) from blood-donors were obtained from Lund University Hospital and Malm ⁇ General Hospital, Sweden. The PBM were isolated by density centrifugation over a Ficoll-Paque cushion (Pharmacia, Uppsala, Sweden) .
  • the human melanoma cell lines FM3 and FM55 were a kind gift from Dr. Jesper Zeuthen while FMEX and G361 were from the American Type Tissue Culture
  • phage titers were determined by infecting bacteria and counting colony forming units using the bacterial strain E . Col i DH5aF'. Phage rescue and culture of the phage library were according to standard techniques.
  • An expression plasmid vector, carrying a kanamycin resistance gene and the lac promoter was constructed for cassette insertion of scFv genes to obtain in frame fusion with a flexible spacer of 18 residues followed by the mutant D227A of the superantigen Staphylococcal Enterotoxin A (SEA) .
  • SEA superantigen Staphylococcal Enterotoxin A
  • coli UL635 transformed by electroporation with the expression vector containing the inserted scFv-SEA (D227A) genes were transferred to 96 Micro well plates (Nunc, Denmark) and grown for 17 h at 30°C in 2xYT medium supplemented with 70 ⁇ g/ml kanamycin and 2% glucose. Small aliquots (5 ⁇ l) were transferred to plates with fresh medium containing antibiotics but without glucose, and cultured at 30°C for 17 h. The Micro well plates were centrifuged and 100 ⁇ l of the supernatants were transferred to new plates with an equal volume/well of 1% BSA. Additional induction using IPTG did not increase production of soluble fusion protein in this system (data not shown) .
  • Macaca fascicularis monkeys produced a high serum ti ter against human melanoma cells and HMW-MAA
  • Two Macaca fascicularis monkeys were immunized day 0, 21, 35, and 49 with alun precipitated crude suspensions of human melanoma tumors.
  • the immune sera collected on day 56 were tested for reactivity against melanoma cells and against the high molecular weight melanoma associated antigen (HMW-MAA) .
  • the immune serum of both animals collected day 56 but not the preimmune serum bound to surface antigens on FM3 human melanoma cells in flow cytometry (equally for the two monkeys) .
  • a significant but low shift in flourescence could be detected compared to the preimmune serum at the same dilution (Fig 1A) .
  • a double determinant assay was used to analyse serum reactivity against the human HMW-MAA.
  • the immune serum could be diluted 25,000 times before reactivity reached the background level of the preimmune serum (IB) . No reactivity was found when the melanoma extract or the capture antibody was omitted or when using a capture antibody (mAb C215) against an epithelial antigen not present in the melanoma extract.
  • HMW-MAA specific scFv antibodies could be identified from a Macaca fascicularis phage library selected against melanoma cells and tissue sections.
  • the scFv antibody phage library was selected against cryosections of human tissues and melanoma cell lines.
  • the yield of library phage increased substantially after three repeated selections on cells or tissue sections.
  • the yields were as follows for the three conseqetive rounds: i) FM3 melanoma cells, 6.8xl0 "6 , 9.3xl0 "4 and l.lxlO '1 ii) M55M1 melanoma cells, 2.0xl0 "5 , 1.5xl0 "4 and 5.4xl0 "2 iii) adsorption on spleen tissue sections followed by positive selection on melanoma tissue sections, 1.6xl0 ⁇ 6 , 4.6xl0 "7 and 1.3xl0 "3 iv) adsorption on small bowel sections and positive selection on FM3 melanoma cells, 1.3xl0 ⁇ 4 , 3.5xl0 "6 and 1.3xl
  • Soluble protein from about 200 individual scFv antibody clones were produced from each of the selected lib- raries from the last two selection rounds. These antibodies were screened for binding to melanoma tissue sections and melanoma cell lines using immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry. A secondary antibody directed against the immunological tag, ATPAKSE, was used for the detec- tion in these assays. These screening systems permitted a preliminary evaluation of melanoma reactivity. Positive clones were then recloned in fusion with SEA(D227A) . The latter formate permitted both a sufficiently high production yield in culture supernatants and a more sensitive detection on tissue sections using a rabbit antisera against SEA.
  • FM3 cells were iodinated by the use of a chloramide method as previously described. Briefly, an amount of 50 ⁇ g 1, 3 , 4 , 6-tetrachloro-3a-diphenylglycoluril desolved in methylene cloride was airdried in a glass tube. FM3 cells, 13 million in 0.5 ml PBS and 0.5 mCi carrier-free
  • 125I - were incubated in the tube for 10 min on ice with mild agitation. After two washes in PBS the cells were incubated in KI (50 ⁇ g/ml) in PBS, for 20 min on ice to reduce unspecific incorporation of 125I - and finally washed again two times in PBS.
  • the iodinated cells were lysed in 2 ml sucrose-NP40 buffer (0.25 M sucrose/50 mM
  • Tris/1.5 mM MgCl2 /10 mM KCl/l% NP40/protease inhibitor (Boehringer Mannheim, Germany) for 30 min on ice.
  • the lysate was diluted by adding 15 ml PBS and ultracentri- fuged lh at 100 000 g and 4°C.
  • 10 ⁇ g primary antibodies were incubated with 1 ml lysate for 1 h followed by 100 ⁇ g rabbit-anti -SEA antibodies which were incubated for 20 min and finally with 100 ⁇ l Sepharose protein G beads for 20 minutes.
  • the beads were washed two times with 50mM Tris/500 mM NaCl/0.1% NP40.
  • SDS-PAGE using a 4% polyacrylamide gel and protein Western blotting were performed according to standard methods. Autoradiography using film (Amersham) was performed for 1 week at -70°C.
  • the phage selected antibodies (scFv/Fab -SEA(D227A) fusion proteins) were used for immunoprecipitation using an extract of 125j surface labeled FM3 melanoma cells.
  • the molecular weights of the precipitates were determined by SDS-PAGE.
  • Three antibodies precipitated antigens with a molecular weight which distributed as a smear from a distinct 250 kDa band. Digestion of the precipitate with chondroitinase resulted in a single 250 kDa band with increased intensity.
  • a Nunc Maxisorb plate (Nunc, Denmark) was coated with 35 ⁇ l/well l ⁇ g/ml mAb 9.2.27 or control antibody o/n 4°C.
  • the incubation fluid was removed and non-specific binding sites were blocked lh at room temperature (RT) in 3% low fat milk (Semper, Sweden) which was removed before incubation for 2 h at RT with the NP-40 extract of melanoma cells diluted 1/10 in 3% milk.
  • the plate was washed 4 times in PBS-0.05% tween 20 (PBST) after this and the following steps.
  • the binding of selected antibodies was epitope mapped relative to each other and to murine anti-HMW-MAA mAbs.
  • the antibodies, Fab K305 and scFv K461 fused to SEA(D227A) were produced by fermentation and purified by affinity chromatography using immobilized polyclonal rabbit anti-SEA Ig (results not shown) .
  • the yield from 1 liter fermentor cultures of the fusion proteins were 35 mg (K305) and 118 mg (K461) , respectively.
  • HMW-MAA pro- teoglycan in the melanoma extract was captured with mAb 9.2.27.
  • K305 Fab-SEA D227A
  • murine antibodies were used to inhibit detection with the biotinylated fusion proteins.
  • the murine anti-HMW-MAA mAbs TP41.2 or 763.74 did not inhibit K305 and K461.
  • the K458 antibody was found to be inhibited by the mAb TP41.2 which supports its recognition of an overlapping epitope on the HMW-MAA.
  • the K305 Fab-SEA (D227A) fusion protein was iodinated with 2 mCi Na 125I to 80 ⁇ g sample according to the iodo- gen method. Cryosections (8mm) were air-dried on multi- well slides, fixed in acetone at -20°C for 10 min and rehydrated in 20% FBS . Iodinated K305 Fab-SEA (D227A) in 20% FBS was added in two-fold dilution series to the sec- tions and incubated lh. The sections were washed four times with TBS and dried before quantifying bound radioactivity of individual wells in a gamma counter.
  • Fig. 4 demonstrates the binding to melanoma tissue.
  • the affinity determined in this experiment was 1.6 nm and the number of binding sites per melanoma tissue section (8 ⁇ m thick and approximately 3x4 mm wide) was 4.7xl0 9 .
  • the results from three additional experiments performed on melanoma tissue sections were 0.67, 0.93 and 1.4 nM with 2.2x10 s , 2.9xl0 9 and 6.4xl0 9 sites per section.
  • the affinity was also measured on small bowel tissue sections (smooth muscle reactivity) in four experiments, which resulted in 0.82, 0.93, 1.1 and 1.3 nM. In one experiment the cell based system was used giving an affinity of 1.6 nM and 300 000 binding sites per cell.
  • EXAMPLE 5 Tumor and normal tissue reactivi ty of the fusion proteins
  • Affinity purified and biotinylated rabbit anti-SEA antibodies, 5 ⁇ g/ml, and biotinylated rabbit anti -mouse immunoglobulins were incubated 30 min followed by StreptABComplex HRP (DAKO A/S, Denmark) , 1/110 of the commercial stock solution, diluted in 50 mM Tris pH 7.6 (TBS) , for 30 min. Between all steps the sections were washed 3 times in TBS. Antibodies, avidin and biotin were all diluted in 20% FBS (fetal bovine serum) in TBS. The staining reaction was developed for 8 min in 0.5 mg/ml
  • the predominant normal tissue reacti- vity found was a weak staining of smooth muscle, e.g in the gut, and a strong staining of a fraction of blood vessel walls (the smooth muscle layer) in all tissues.
  • Normal tissue reactivity also included a subpopulation basal cells of the epidermis.
  • the K305 antibody showed very weak staining of the uterine smooth muscle cells as compared to mAb 9.2.27. Some blood vessels in the uterus were strongly stained with both antibodies.
  • the murine mAb 9.2.27 also stained cells in the glomerulus, probably mesangial cells, in contrast to K305 (Fig. 5) . Renal blood vessels but not renal tubules were stained by mAb 9.2.27 and K305 (verified by staining of smooth muscle actine and cytokeratin) .
  • Redirected T cell cytotoxicity (superantigen antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity, SADCC) was measured in a standard 4 h chromium-release assay employing 51 Cr-labeled FM3 or G361 cells as target cells and human T cells as effector cells as previously described. Percent specific lysis was calculated as
  • mice K305 Fab-SEA (D227A) g SCID mice were injected I. P. with 3 x 10 FM3 cells in 0.2 ml vehicle (PBS-l%Balb/c mouse serum) .
  • the mice g were injected I. P. with 3 x 10 PBM in 0.2 ml vehicle 4 days later.
  • One to two hours after injection of lymphoid cells all mice were injected I.V. with 100 ug test substance in 0.2 ml vehicle or vehicle alone. Two additional I.V. injections of the test substance were given at three days intervals. The mice were sacrificed by cervical dislocation on day 49 and the number of tumors and the tumor mass was determined.
  • Tumors with a weight of less than 5 mg were estimated as 2 mg, tumors with a weight of more than 5 mg and less than 10 mg as 7 mg and tumors larger than 10 mg with the actual weight. All tumors larger than 1 mg were counted.
  • Each treatment cohort contained five to seven mice to permit comparison with other treatment cohorts treated simultaneously with the same batch of effector cells. Statistical significance was determined by the Mann-Whitney U test using the program Sigma Stat .
  • the antibodies fall into groups based on the sequence similarity, K305 and K461 belonging to the same group. Comparisons with the closest human germline sequence of the light (lambda) and heavy chain demonstrated more than 89 % sequence identity on the nucleic acid level (Table 1) . All of the antibodies had heavy- chains with close homology to the VH3 family of human germline segments. Human lambda 3 germline family homo- logues were represented by the K305 and K461 antibodies.
  • tumor associated antigens are defined by murine monoclonal antibodies.
  • therapeutic use of murine mAbs frequently leads to the development of human anti-mouse antibodies (HAMA) in patients, which potentially neutralize the effector functions and enhance serum clearance rate.
  • Human monoclonal antibodies should ideally be used, but have by various reasons been diffi- cult to produce by the hybridoma technique.
  • Chimeric antibodies with human constant domains and antibodies with murine CDRs grafted on human Vh/Vl frameworks often demonstrate reduced neutralizing HAMA responses. However responses to V region determinants have been demon- strated.
  • HMW-MAA in the melanoma suspension was strongly immu- nodominant to the primate, supported by the finding of high anti-HMW MAA serum anti-body titer in a chimpanzee immunized with purified HMW-MAA.
  • the scFv antibody phage library was selected on human melanoma tissue sections and melanoma cell lines to generate enriched libraries against both the authentic in vivo phenotype and against cell surface expressed anti- gens.
  • a major advantage of this technology compared to the hybridoma technology is that the identification of novel antibodies and the cloning of their genes is simultaneously performed. This selection of genes encoding tumor reacting antibodies permitted an immediate con- struction of superantigen fusion proteins to be evaluated for tumor targeting properties and therapeutic efficacy.
  • the scFv format was suitable for the selection procedure and for the evaluation of antibody specificities by screening on tissue sections and cell lines.
  • Fab-SEA fusion proteins of selected clones were constructed, fermentor cultured and purified. These were needed for detailed immunohistochemical stu- dies, for estimation of true binding affinity and for in vivo experiments.
  • the K305 Fab-SEA (D227A) fusion protein demonstrated a high binding affinity.
  • the number of binding sites per cell differed less than two-fold from a number of Fab ' s generated from papain cleaved murine mAbs against the
  • HMW-MAA HMW-MAA. Affinity for tissue expressed antigen in melanoma biopsy sections was similar. The number of available binding sites in a tissue section could also be calculated, the result of which could be used for estimation of the in vivo expression level of a therapeutic target. The targeting efficacy of antibodies to solid tumors have
  • Fig. 1 A) Flow cytometry signal demonstrating strong reactivity against human FM3 melanoma cells of the immune Macaca fascicularis serum collected at day 56 (O) compared to the preimmune serum (•) .
  • the HMW-MAA was captured from a NP40 extract of FM3 melanoma cells with the monoclonal antibody 9.2.27 and then detected with the immune serum ( ⁇ ) or the preimmune serum ( ⁇ ) .
  • the irrelevant murine mAb C215 ( ⁇ ) or no antibody (O) was used for capturing or the melanoma extract was omitted (X) .
  • Fig. 2 Immunoprecipitation of HMW-MAA with phage selected specificities from an 1% NP40 extract of FM3 melanoma cells, surface labeled with 125 _ ⁇ ] ⁇ _ e molecular weight of the precipitates were determined by SDS-PAGE using a 4 % gel under reducing conditions.
  • Fig. 3 Epitope mapping of scFv/Fab-SEA (D227A) fusion proteins.
  • the HMW-MAA was captured by mAb 9.2.27 from the melanoma extract and detected with biotinylated scFv/Fab-SEA(D227A) fusion proteins.
  • K305 Fab-SEA (D227A) staining of the uterine blood vessels but no/weak staining of the uterine smooth muscle in both high and low concentration, 20 ⁇ g/ml in C) , and 0.08 ⁇ g/ml in D) .
  • Fig. 6 Superantigen antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (SADCC) against human melanoma cells .
  • SADCC superantigen antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity
  • test substance treatment was given three times with three days intervals. The tumor weight and number were cacultated day 49.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne un épitope d'un antigène associé à un mélanome de poids moléculaire élevé (HMW-MAA) présenté sur la surface de cellules humaines mais pas de Macaca fascicularis, a) pouvant être bloqué spécifiquement et bloquant spécifiquement une structure de liaison reconnaissant HMW-MAA, b) présenté sur la surface de cellules humaines et pas de Macaca fascicularis, et c) possédant une distribution tissulaire normale, plus restreinte que celle d'autres épitopes de HMW-MAA connus. L'invention concerne également une structure de liaison et des anticorps reconnaissant les structures cible dudit antigène, des compositions pharmaceutiques et des vaccins ainsi que des procédés d'utilisation desdits épitopes et anticorps dans des diagnostics et des thérapies liés aux affections malignes humaines.
EP00957184A 1999-08-24 2000-08-22 Antigene associe a un melanome (hmw-maa) defini par un anticorps monoclonal Withdrawn EP1206702A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

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SE9902989 1999-08-24
SE9902989A SE9902989D0 (sv) 1999-08-24 1999-08-24 Novel compounds
PCT/SE2000/001597 WO2001014884A1 (fr) 1999-08-24 2000-08-22 Antigene associe a un melanome (hmw-maa) defini par un anticorps monoclonal

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DE10328121A1 (de) * 2003-06-23 2005-02-03 Biolife Science Forschungs- und Entwicklungs-GbmH Passive Immuntherapie gegen malignes Melanom
SE0402025D0 (sv) * 2004-08-13 2004-08-13 Active Biotech Ab Treatment of hyperproliferative disease with superantigens in combination with another anticancer agent
AT502292B1 (de) 2005-05-11 2010-04-15 Avir Green Hills Biotechnology Melanomdiagnose
CN118420712A (zh) * 2023-02-01 2024-08-02 上海健信生物医药科技有限公司 一种三特异性抗体技术平台及其应用

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US6140470A (en) * 1995-06-30 2000-10-31 Yale University Human monoclonal anti-tumor antibodies
SE9700291D0 (sv) * 1997-01-31 1997-01-31 Pharmacia & Upjohn Ab Selection method and prodcts resulting therefrom

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NZ517132A (en) 2003-10-31
SE9902989D0 (sv) 1999-08-24

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