EP1205457A1 - Gaserzeugende zusammensetzung - Google Patents

Gaserzeugende zusammensetzung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1205457A1
EP1205457A1 EP00940790A EP00940790A EP1205457A1 EP 1205457 A1 EP1205457 A1 EP 1205457A1 EP 00940790 A EP00940790 A EP 00940790A EP 00940790 A EP00940790 A EP 00940790A EP 1205457 A1 EP1205457 A1 EP 1205457A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
gas generant
weight
nitrate
generant composition
composition according
Prior art date
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EP00940790A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Dairi Kubo
Eishi Sato
Ryoi Kodama
Kenjiro Ikeda
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Nippon Kayaku Co Ltd
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Nippon Kayaku Co Ltd
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Publication of EP1205457A1 publication Critical patent/EP1205457A1/de
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B31/00—Compositions containing an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt
    • C06B31/02—Compositions containing an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt the salt being an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal nitrate
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06D—MEANS FOR GENERATING SMOKE OR MIST; GAS-ATTACK COMPOSITIONS; GENERATION OF GAS FOR BLASTING OR PROPULSION (CHEMICAL PART)
    • C06D5/00—Generation of pressure gas, e.g. for blasting cartridges, starting cartridges, rockets
    • C06D5/06—Generation of pressure gas, e.g. for blasting cartridges, starting cartridges, rockets by reaction of two or more solids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B45/00—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product
    • C06B45/02—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product comprising particles of diverse size or shape
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06D—MEANS FOR GENERATING SMOKE OR MIST; GAS-ATTACK COMPOSITIONS; GENERATION OF GAS FOR BLASTING OR PROPULSION (CHEMICAL PART)
    • C06D5/00—Generation of pressure gas, e.g. for blasting cartridges, starting cartridges, rockets

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a gas generant composition suitable for use in a gas generator for a occupant restraint system, such as an airbag and a pretensioner, used to protect occupants in an automobile from a motor vehicle collision and the like. More particularly, the present invention relates to a gas generant composition for producing burning characteristics suitable as the gas generant.
  • An airbag system which is one of occupant restraint systems, has been widely adopted in recent years to improve safety of occupants in an automobile.
  • the airbag system operates on the principle that a gas generator is operated under control of signals from sensors detecting a collision, to inflate an airbag so as to cushion the shock of the occupants from the collision.
  • the gas generator is required to have the capability of producing a required and sufficient amount of clean gas containing no harmful substance within a desired time.
  • gas generants containing organic compounds including nitrogen as fuel components have been proposed.
  • These known gas generants have the advantages of generating a large amount of gas and of being less in danger in the manufacturing process.
  • many of the gas generants using the organic compounds containing nitrogen as fuel have the heat of combustion as high as 2,500J/g or more and thus the gas generated becomes high in temperature and pressure, so that there is a need for the gas generator to have a lot of coolants or cooling media.
  • a slag or a by-product made in the burning of the gas generants is high in temperature and thus in flowability, so that there is a possibility that the slag may flow out of the gas generator and, if the worst happens, may scald the occupants.
  • any gas generators can be allowed to be improved by using a lot of coolants or cooling media, they are increased in size, going against the trend toward the size reduction and weight reduction of the gas generator.
  • Japanese Laid-open (Unexamined) Patent Publication No. Hei 4(1992)-265292 discloses the method in which a low-temperature slag-forming agent as typified by silicon dioxide and a high-temperature slag-temperature forming agent which produces a solid having a melting point close to or more than the combustion temperature are both added to improve the slag collecting efficiency.
  • the slag forming agent itself is little contributive to the generation of gas and, with an increase of the amount of slag forming agent added, the amount of gas generated decreases.
  • an increase of the amount of slag forming agent added causes a decrease in combustion speed, thus making it difficult to adjust the combustion speed of the gas generants.
  • the gas generants arranged in the gas generator are formed into a specified shape, in order to produce a controlled combustion stabilization of the gas generants and a controlled burning behavior of the gas generated at the combustion.
  • the combustion speed of the gas generants varies depending on the constituent ingredients of the gas generant composition and the particle diameter of the molded products of the gas generants.
  • the gas generant of slow combustion speed the molded products of the gas generants are decreased in unit form or increased in total superficial area so that the gas can be generated rapidly within a short time.
  • the gas generant of rapid combustion speed the molded products of the gas generants are increased in unit form or decreased in total superficial area so that a desired gas generating behavior can be produced.
  • the burning characteristics of the gas generator are almost always determined by the burning behavior of the gas generants used.
  • the burning characteristics of the gas generator are generally evaluated, for example, by a curve plotted between a tank internal pressure obtained by operating the gas generator in a 60 liter tank and time.
  • the so-called depower technique of protecting the occupants from possible harm at the inflation of the airbag has attracted public attention.
  • the gas generator is now being desired to have such burning characteristics that in the 60 liter tank test of the gas generator, the gas generation speed increases slowly in the period of 10-20 milliseconds from the ignition and then increases sharply on and after 20 milliseconds.
  • the gas generator having this burning characteristic controls the gas generation speed moderately at the initial stage of the combustion, to provide a more ideal occupant protecting performance.
  • the burning behavior of the gas generants can be partly controlled by changing configuration or form of the molded products of the gas generants and calculating the amount of gas generated.
  • the relationship between the form of the molded products of the gas generants and the amount of gas generated is an old public knowledge in the field of propellant.
  • a suitable form of the molded products of the gas generants can easily determined by making reference to Explosive Handbook at page 279 (issued from Kyoritsu Shuppan Co., Ltd., 1987), for example.
  • these gas generants When these gas generants are ignited, they are allowed to start burning from a relatively flame retardant layer and thereby the gas generating speed at the initial stage of the 60 liter tank test is suppressed.
  • These gas generants require more processes for the molding than usual, because the gas generant compositions of different combustion speeds are combined in layers. Also, since at least two gas generant compositions are required, the gas generants are manufactured at considerable cost.
  • Japanese Laid-open (Unexamined) Patent Publications No. Hei 10(1998)-87390 and No. Hei 10(1998)-324588 disclose the molded products of the gas generants formed into a specified form. These disclose that the gas generants are formed into a specific form, such that as the combustion of the gas generants proceeds, their combustion superficial areas are narrowed at a slowest possible speed, or would rather be enlarged, whereby a desired combustion performance is tried to be produced.
  • the both forms of the molded products of the gas generants have a single-hole or multi-hole (porous) tubular form and thus have cavities therein, so that when the gas generants are filled in the gas generator, the filling density is decreased.
  • the forms of the gas generants are limited to some specific forms, it is difficult to vary the forms of the gas generants in corresponding to various forms of the gas generators.
  • the inventors have been devoted themselves to consider possible ways of solving the problems above and found that the burning behavior of the gas generant was improved by defining the composition of the gas generant and have derived the present invention therefrom.
  • a gas generant composition of the present invention is characterized in that it comprises a fuel, an oxidizing agent and an additive, wherein the fuel comprises at least one high-energy nitrogen-containing organic compound and at least one low-energy nitrogen-containing organic compound, and the low-energy nitrogen-containing organic compound has a 50% average particle diameter of 40 ⁇ m or less.
  • the combustion speed of the fuel depends heavily on the reactivity of the oxidizing agent used and the combustion speed.
  • the importance of the combustion speed of the fuel was recognized for the sake of argument of the combustion speed, and a nitrogen-containing compound of high combustion speed was defined as a high-energy nitrogen-containing organic compound and a nitrogen-containing compound of low combustion speed was defined as a low-energy nitrogen-containing organic compound.
  • the combustion speed does not exceed any combustion speed of the gas generant composition comprising single kind of fuel but stands at a nearly constant value of a generally intermediate level between their respective combustion speeds.
  • the gas generant comprising such gas generant composition does not burn at a constant combustion speed.
  • the combustion speed decreases at an initial stage in the form of the combustion of the high-energy fuel being inhibited by the low-energy fuel in a period from the ignition in the gas generator. As a result, the internal pressure of the gas generator fully increases and the combustion speed of the gas generant increases.
  • the combustion inhibiting effect of the high-energy fuel by the low-energy fuel is produced moderately.
  • the 50% average particle diameter of number of reference is a measurement by which a size distribution is expressed on the basis of number: when the total number of particles is taken as 100, the particle size obtained when the particles integrated from the smaller number reach 50 is called the 50% average particle diameter of number of reference.
  • the gas generant comprising only the gas generant composition of the present invention exhibits the burning behavior that it burns at a low combustion speed at the initial stage and then burns at an increased combustion speed.
  • the gas generant comprising only the gas generant composition of the present invention burns at a varied speed, not at a generally constant speed.
  • the conventional gas generant comprising only one gas generant composition burns at a generally constant speed.
  • the gas generant comprising only the gas generant composition of the present invention is fundamentally different from the conventional gas generant in this point.
  • the present invention can produce the desired burning behavior without any particular process, such as the process that two or more gas generant compositions of different combustion speeds are combined in layers to form the molded products of the gas generants or the process that the molded products of the gas generants are limited to some specific form, being required for obtaining the gas generant suitable for the gas generator for the automobile occupant restraint system such as the airbag.
  • the gas generant composition is selected from the gas generant compositions whose combustion speed can be given approximation to a generally constant combustion speed in the actual operation pressure range of the gas generator. This is because, if a gas generant composition whose combustion speed overly depends on pressure is selected, the combustion speed is varied considerably by an environmental temperature change or a pressure change in the gas generator caused by degradation of the gas generants and the like, so that such a gas generant composition is not desirable as the gas generant composition used for the gas generator for the automobile occupant restraint system such as the airbag.
  • the dependency of the combustion speed on the pressure is obtained by a pressure exponent of the following general formula on the combustion speed of explosives.
  • a gas generant composition of relative low in pressure exponent and small in variation of combustion speed by the pressure in the general formula above has little dependency of the combustion speed on the pressure and thus is suitable as the gas generant composition used for the gas generator for the automobile riser restraint system such as the airbag.
  • the gas generant composition of the present invention exhibits the pressure exponent substantially equal to that of the conventional gas generant composition.
  • a composition of a gas generant of the present invention comprises a fuel, an oxidizing agent and an additive.
  • the fuel comprises at least one nitrogen-containing organic compound combustible at a high combustion speed and at least one nitrogen-containing organic compound combustible at a low combustion speed.
  • the fuel of the gas generant composition of the present invention comprises at least one high-energy nitrogen-containing organic compound and at least one low-energy nitrogen-containing organic compound.
  • the low-energy nitrogen-containing organic compound has a 50% average particle diameter of 40 ⁇ m or less, or preferably 20 ⁇ m or less.
  • the gas generator using the gas generants comprising the gas generant composition of the present invention has such burning characteristics that in the combustion curve obtained by the 60 liter tank test, the combustion speed increases slowly in the period of before 20ms from the ignition and then increases sharply on and after 20ms.
  • the gas generant composition of the present invention exhibits the pressure exponent of substantially the same level as that of the conventional gas generant composition.
  • the use of the gas generant composition of the present invention to the gas generator can produce an ideal burning characteristic.
  • the high-energy nitrogen-containing organic compound used in the present invention is the compound which is high in enthalpy of formation, relatively easy to combust and exhibits a rapid combustion speed.
  • the high-energy nitrogen-containing organic compounds that may be used include those having the enthalpy of formation of -200kJ/mol or more (standard condition), or preferably -100kJ/mol or more.
  • at least one high-energy nitrogen-containing organic compound selected from the group consisting of aminotetrazole, nitroguanidine, and triaminoguanidine nitrate can be cited as the concrete example of the high-energy nitrogen-containing organic compound.
  • the low-energy nitrogen-containing organic compound used in the present invention is the compound which is low in enthalpy of formation, difficult to ignite and exhibits a slow combustion speed.
  • the low-energy nitrogen-containing organic compounds that may be used include those having the enthalpy of formation of -200kJ/mol or less (standard condition), or preferably -300kJ/mol or more.
  • guanidine nitrate and oxamide can be cited as the concrete example as the low-energy nitrogen-containing organic compound.
  • the difference in enthalpy of formation therebetween is preferably 200kJ/mol or more.
  • Aminotetrazole is of preferable as the high-energy nitrogen-containing organic compound in that it contains a high proportion of nitrogen and is relatively high in safety in the handling.
  • Nitroguanidine is also preferable as the high-energy nitrogen-containing organic compound in that it is large in number of moles of the generated gas.
  • Guanidine nitrate is preferable as the low-energy nitrogen-containing organic compound in that it is relatively available and low in cost, though it is seldom used for the gas generator in that it usually burns at a slow combustion speed when singularly combined with oxidizing agent.
  • Mixing ratios between the high-energy nitrogen-containing organic compound and the low-energy nitrogen-containing organic compound are between 10:1 and 1:10, or preferably between 5:1 and 1:5 in a ratio of weight.
  • the content of the high-energy nitrogen-containing organic compound and the low-energy nitrogen-containing organic compound as the fuel to the total gas generant composition is 15-85 weight%.
  • the mixing ratios therebetween are preferably between 3:1 and 1:3 in the ratio of weight.
  • the mixing ratios therebetween are preferably between 5:1 and 1:1 in the ratio of weight.
  • the low-energy nitrogen-containing organic compound has the 50% average particle diameter of 40 ⁇ m or less, or preferably 20 ⁇ m or less.
  • the combustion speed decreases in the period of before 20ms from the ignition of the gas generant composition.
  • the 50% average particle diameter of not less than 40 ⁇ m the effect of the low-energy fuel cannot be provided, so that a sufficient decrease in combustion speed is not provided at an early stage of the combustion.
  • the pulverization undesirably requires a considerable cost, though the effect of the invention can be provided. It should be noted further that since the guanidine nitrate pulverized to 40 ⁇ m or less serves as an adhesive agent in the press mold of the gas generant composition of the present invention, the pellets of the gas generant composition produced can have high collapse strength (high hardness).
  • the oxidizing agents that may be used in the present invention include oxyacid salts, such as nitrate, halogen acid salt and chromate, oxides, and peroxides. Any oxidizing agents may be used, as long as they can oxidize the fuel comprising the high-energy nitrogen-containing organic compound and the low-energy nitrogen-containing organic compound.
  • oxyacid salts such as nitrate, halogen acid salt and chromate
  • oxides such as oxides, and peroxides.
  • peroxides any oxidizing agents may be used, as long as they can oxidize the fuel comprising the high-energy nitrogen-containing organic compound and the low-energy nitrogen-containing organic compound.
  • at least one material selected from the group consisting of nitrate, perchlorate, chlorate as concerns alkali metals or alkali earth metals and basic copper nitrate is used as the oxidizing agent.
  • At least one material selected from the group consisting of mixtures of phase stabilized ammonium nitrate or ammonium perchlorate and nitrate, perchlorate, chlorate as concerns alkali metals or alkali earth metals and basic popper nitrate may also preferably be used as the oxidizing agent.
  • Strontium nitrate that is converted into a high-viscosity, slag-forming metal component by burning is further preferable.
  • the content of the oxidizing agent can be determined within the range of nearly equivalent within which the gas generant composition is completely burnt stoichiometrically. In the gas generant composition containing the oxidizing agent largely deviating from such an equivalent, CO or NOx in the combustion gas are significantly increased.
  • the content of the oxidizing agent to the total gas generant composition can be determined from the range of 30 weight% to 70 weight%. With the content of the oxidizing agent of less than 30 weight%, there is the possibility that oxygen supply may fall short so that imperfect combustion may be caused to produce a harmful CO gas. On the other hand, with the content of the oxidizing agent in excess of 70 weight%, there is the possibility that the required gas for the inflation of the airbag may not be supplied.
  • Strontium nitrate which is preferably used as the oxidizing agent in the present invention, can be used by itself or in the form of a mixed oxidizing agent by combining with alkali metal nitrate, ammonium perchlorate or basic copper nitrate.
  • alkali metal nitrate ammonium perchlorate or basic copper nitrate.
  • combination of strontium nitrate and potassium nitrate, combination of strontium nitrate and ammonium perchlorate, or combination of strontium nitrate and basic copper nitrate can be cited.
  • the mixed oxidizing agent in the gas generant composition of the present invention can allow the combustion speed to increase, to provide a harmless combustion gas by adding a small amount of nitrate of the alkali metal and basic copper nitrate.
  • Ammonium perchlorate is particularly suitable as the gas generant composition used for the pretensioner, because a small amount of ammonium perchlorate added can produce an increased number of moles of the generated gas by the gas generant.
  • the oxidizing agent can provide the effect with a low potassium nitrate content of 10 weight% or less of the total amount of gas generant composition.
  • a potassium nitrate content of more than 10 weight% the outflow slag generated by the combustion of the gas generant composition increases. It is hard to filter out the slag originating from the potassium through filters in the gas generator, so that there is the possibility that the slag may cause damage to the airbag or may scald the occupants.
  • more potassium nitrate it becomes hard to achieve the characteristic feature of the gas generant composition that the combustion speed is controlled moderately at the initial stage, so that there is provided an increased possible fear of doing harm to the occupants.
  • the content of basic copper nitrate is preferably 30 weight% or less of the total amount of gas generant composition. It is possible to filter out the slag originating from the basic copper nitrate with ease, differently from the use of potassium nitrate, so that a basic copper nitrate content of 30 weight% or less is permissible. If more basic copper nitrate is used, there is the possibility that the combustion speed of the gas generant composition may decrease so that a desired combustion speed cannot be obtained.
  • the additives that may be used include a slag forming agent and a binder.
  • silicon nitride or silicon carbide is preferably used as the slag forming agent. While silicon nitride and silicon carbide, which are called fine ceramics, are used as heat-resistant materials which are thermally stable and high resistant, they have the property of being decomposed in high temperature oxidizing atmospheres. Through the use of this property, both processes of the slag forming and the gas generation are provided.
  • the content of silicon nitride or silicon carbide is preferably in the range of 0.5 to 10 weight%.
  • Silicon nitride or silicon carbide When fine particles of silicon nitride or silicon carbide are added in the pulverizing process of the fuel or the oxidizing agent, they provide the effect of acting as an anti-caking agent. Silicon nitride or silicon carbide has the property of providing the slag forming capability without decreasing the combustion speed of the gas generant composition containing the low-energy fuel. If a required amount of SiO 2 is added as the slag forming agent, the combustion speed is significantly decreased. Thus, the use of SiO 2 as the slag forming agent is not desirable for the present invention.
  • hydrotalcites expressed by the following general formula are preferably used as the binder and slag forming agent: ⁇ M 2+ 1-x M 3+ x (OH) 2 ⁇ x+ ⁇ A n- x/n • mH 2 O ⁇ x-
  • M 2+ represents bivalent metals including Mg 2+ , Mn 2+ , Fe 2+ , Co 2+ , Ni 2+ , Cu 2+ and Zn 2+
  • M 3+ represents trivalent metals including Al 3+ , Fe 3+ , Cr 3+ , Co 3+ and In 3+
  • a n- represents n-valence anions including OH - , F - , Cl - , NO 3 -, CO 3 2- , SO 4 2- , Fe(CN) 6 3- , CH 3 COO - , ion oxalate, and ion salicylate
  • X 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.33.
  • hydrotalcites are synthetic hydrotalcite expressed by the chemical formula of Mg 6 Al 2 (OH) 16 CO 3 • 4H 2 O or pyroaurite expressed by the chemical formula of Mg 6 Fe 2 (OH) 16 CO 3 • 4H 2 O.
  • the hydrotalcites which are a porous material having water of crystallization, are very useful as a binder for a gas generant of nitrogen-containing organic compound.
  • the gas generant composition containing the hydrotalcite as the binder can provide a degree of hardness much higher than a degree of hardness of a pellet of a general type of azide base gas generant, particularly when used for the gas generant composition containing tetrazoles as the main component.
  • the hydrotalcites have the common property of being liable to absorb moisture, which property serves to firmly bind the components of the gas generant. Also, the pellets using this binder keep their own characteristic and flammability characteristic unchanged against the thermal shock caused by temperature being raised and fallen repeatedly, thus enabling the pellets to be minimized in deterioration with agel after practical installation on a vehicle. Further, it is probable that for example, the synthetic hydrotalcite of the hydrotalcites is allowed to react as expressed by the following reaction formula (1) in the combustion of the gas generant. Mg 6 Al 2 (OH) 16 CO 3 • 4H 2 O ⁇ 6MgO+Al 2 O 3 +CO 2 +12H 2 O
  • the reaction itself is an endothermic reaction, thus providing an advantageous effect of reducing the heat value of the gas generant.
  • the decomposition product itself of the synthetic hydrotalcite forms spinel that can easily be filtered by the slag reaction of the acid base reaction expressed by the following formula (2).
  • the content of the binder to the total gas generant composition is preferably in the range of 2 to 10 weight%. With the binder content of less than 2 weight%, the function as the binder is achieved with difficulty. On the other hand, with the binder content of more than 10 weight%, the content of the fuel and oxidizing agent is decreased on the whole, so that there is the possibility of short amount of gas generated. Also, by adding the hydrotalcites to the gas generant composition, the gas generant composition is reduced in sensibility and, as a result of this, the effect of providing an improved safety in the production process is also yielded.
  • cellulosic binders or natural polymers may be used as the binder. These binders are suitable for the extrusion molding of the gas generant composition.
  • the cellulosic binders at least one material selected from the group consisting of carboxymethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, and hydroxylpropyl methyl cellulose can be cited.
  • the natural polymers at least one material selected from the group consisting of Cyamoposis Gum or tragacanth gum can be cited.
  • the content of the cellulosic binder or natural polymer is preferably in the range of 2 to 10 weight%.
  • binders than the cellulosic binders, at least one material selected from the group consisting of polyacrylic acid, sodium polyacrylate, polyacrylamide, and two or three copolymerized compounds can be cited.
  • the amount of those binders added is preferably in the range of 0.5 to 10 weight%. The addition of this binder provides the effect of providing an improved heat resistance of the gas generant composition.
  • silane compounds can provide an improved moldability in the extrusion molding process, in particular.
  • the silane compounds that may be used include, for example, vinyltrimethoxysilane, vinyltriethoxysilane, vinyltris( ⁇ -methoxyethoxy)silane, ⁇ -(3,4-epoxycyclohexyl)ethyltrimethoxysilane, ⁇ -glycidoxy propyltrimethoxysilane, ⁇ -glycidoxy propylmethyl diethoxysilane, ⁇ -methacryloxy propylmethyl dimethoxysilane, ⁇ -methacryloxy propyltrimethoxysilane, ⁇ -methacryloxy propylmethyl diethoxysilane, ⁇ -methacryloxy propyltriethoxysilane, N- ⁇ -(aminoethyl)- ⁇ -aminopropylmethyl dimethoxysilane, N- ⁇ -(aminoethyl)- ⁇
  • a preferable combination of components of the gas generant composition of the present invention is the combination of 5-aminotetrazole and guanidine nitrate used as the fuel, strontium nitrate used as the oxidizing agent, silicon nitride used as the slag forming agent, and synthetic hydrotalcite used as the binder.
  • This gas generant composition preferably contains 10-30 weight% of 5-aminotetrazole, 5-30 weight% of guanidine nitrate, 30-70 weight% of strontium nitrate, 0.5-10 weight% of silicon nitride, and 2-10 weight% of synthetic hydrotalcite.
  • Guanidine nitrate is low in energy, so that it has the tendency to cause the combustion speed to decrease as the guanidine nitrate content increases.
  • particles of the guanidine nitrate are so hard that they cannot be pulverized with ease.
  • the particles of the guanidine nitrate of 50 ⁇ m or more in 50% average particle diameter are easily obtained by use of a generally used pin mill or ball mill as pulverizing means used in the manufacture of the gas generant, since it is very difficult to pulverize the particles of the guanidine nitrate into 40 ⁇ m or less, particularly 20 ⁇ m or less, a special milling machine, such as a jet mill, must be used therefor.
  • silicon nitride is used as the slag forming agent. The addition of silicon nitride can provide good slag collecting properties without decreasing the combustion speed.
  • synthetic hydrotalcite should preferably be used as the binder in that it can provide not only improved hardness of the gas generant composition but also reduced heat release value and improved slag collecting capabilities.
  • Another preferable combination of components of the gas generant composition is the combination of nitroguanidine and guanidine used as the fuel, strontium nitrate used as the oxidizing agent, silicon nitride used as the slag forming agent, and a cellulosic binder used as the binder.
  • This gas generant composition preferably contains 20-55 weight% of nitroguanidine, 5-30 weight% of guanidine nitrate, 30-60 weight% of strontium nitrate, 0.5-10 weight% of silicon nitride, and 2-10 weight% of celluloisc binder or synthetic hydrotalcite.
  • the gas generant composition of the present invention containing nitroguanidine and guanidine nitrate as the fuel is preferably produced in the form of the gas generant by extrusion molding.
  • the cellulosic binder is particularly better for that formation. Any particular limitation is imposed on the kinds of binder, as long as they exhibit a proper degree of viscosity as a water soluble solvent.
  • the oxidizing agent containing a phase stabilized ammonium nitrate if it is used in combination with an anionic binder, an ionic reaction is produced to cause the heat resistance to be significantly reduced, for the reason of which that combination is undesirable.
  • a nonionic binder should preferably be used. It is preferable that silicon nitride is used as the slag forming agent. The addition of silicon nitride can provide good slag collecting properties without decreasing the combustion speed.
  • Still another preferable combination of components of the gas generant composition of the present invention is the combination of 5-aminotetrazole and guanidine nitrate used as the fuel, strontium nitrate and ammonium perchlorate used as the oxidizing agent, polyacrylamido used as the binder, and a silane compound used for the purpose of improving moldability at the extrusion molding.
  • This gas generant composition preferably contains 10-30 weight% of 5-aminotetrazole, 5-30 weight% of guanidine nitrate, 10-50 weight% of strontium nitrate, 10-50 weight% of ammonium perchlorate, 0.5-10 weight% of polyacrylamido, and 0.5-10 weight% of silane compound.
  • water is preferable to add water as the solvent in the extrusion molding process.
  • silane compound having the property of being soluble in water is then used.
  • the gas generant composition of the present invention may selectively be formed into a granulated form, a granular form or a pellet form.
  • the mixed conditioner may be formed in the press molding or extrusion molding. It may selectively be formed into a pellet form, a single-hole or a multi-hole (porous) tubular form, for example.
  • the gas generant composition of the present invention can be manufactured in either method of the press molding and the extrusion molding. After having been molded, the gas generant composition is heat-treated to be fully dried out, so as to prevent an ignition lag caused by the moisture and provide an improved environmental resistance.
  • the anti-caking agent is added to the fuel components and the oxidizing agent, first. Then, the respective components are mixed with a V-type blending machine and then are pulverized. After a prescribed quantity of pulverized fuel components, pulverized oxidizing agent and auxiliary agent for molding are taken by measurement, they are mixed equally with the V-type blending machine. Thereafter, they are put into the press molding machine and then heat-treated. The gas generating molded products thus obtained are used as the gas generant composition.
  • the gas generant composition when the gas generant composition is molded by the extrusion molding, the fuel components and the oxidizing agent are pulverized, first. Then, after the respective components are taken by measurement and 8-25 weight% water in outer percentage is added thereto, they are fully kneaded to produce moist agents having viscosity. Thereafter, they are formed into a desired form and cut properly by use of a vacuum kneading extrusion machine and then are subjected to heat treatment. The gas generating molded products thus obtained are used as the gas generant composition.
  • the gas generator 1 comprises a central igniting chamber 7 in which an igniter 2 and a transfer charge 3 are arranged, a combustion chamber 8 which is located around the central igniting chamber and in which gas generants 4 are packed, and a cooling/filtering chamber 9 which is located around the combustion chamber and in which a woven metal wire 5 is disposed.
  • the combustion gas is exhausted out from gas exhausting holes 6 through the cooling/filtering chamber 9.
  • the clayey gas generant composition thus obtained was molded into shapes by use of a screw extrusion machine and then was dried by heating to thereby produce columnar molded products of gas generant composition of 3mm in diameter and 2mm in height.
  • the clayey gas generant composition thus obtained was molded into shapes by use of the screw extrusion machine and then was dried by heating to thereby produce columnar molded products of gas generant composition of 4mm in diameter and 2mm in height.
  • the molded products of the gas generant composition of Examples 1-6 of the present invention provide the results that the gas generating speed increases in a controlled rate in the period of 10-20ms from the ignition and then increases sharply on and after 20ms and the pressure becomes substantially the same level as that of the conventional gas generant composition on and after 40ms. It is understood from this that the molded products of the gas generant composition of the present invention provided suitable burning performances for the gas generator.
  • the gas generant composition of Comparative Example 1 in which guanidine nitrate is not added as the fuel, in other words, the fuel consists of only a high-energy nitrogen-containing organic compound, provides the result that the 60 liter tank pressure increases largely in the period of 20ms from the ignition, as seen from FIGS. 2 and 3, and thus provides an increased harm for the inflator.
  • the gas generant composition of Comparative Example 2 in which the fuel consists of only a low-energy guanidine nitrate, provides excessive reduction in combustion speed, as seen from FIG. 2, and thus is improper as the gas generant.
  • the gas generant composition of Comparative Example 3 provides the result that when the 50% average particle diameter of guanidine nitrate exceeds 40 ⁇ m, the 60 liter tank pressure becomes little more than that of Comparative Example 1 and does not provide the effects of the present invention.
  • the fuel comprises at least two nitrogen-containing organic compounds comprising a high-energy nitrogen-containing organic compound exhibiting a high combustion speed and a low-energy nitrogen-containing organic compound exhibiting a low combustion speed, and the low-energy nitrogen-containing organic compound is made to have the 50% average particle diameter of 40 ⁇ m or less, whereby the gas generant composition exhibiting a suitable burning behavior for the gas generator is provided.
  • the gas generator having the combustion performance of doing little harm to the risers can be realized with ease and at low cost by using the gas generant comprising the gas generant composition of the present invention.
  • the present invention provides an optimum gas generant composition useful for gas generants used for a gas generator for an automobile occupant restraint system, such as an airbag and a pretensioner, which exhibits the burning characteristics to produce a further ideal occupant protecting performance, without any complex production process being required and without any limitation being imposed on the forms of the gas generants.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Air Bags (AREA)
  • Feeding, Discharge, Calcimining, Fusing, And Gas-Generation Devices (AREA)
EP00940790A 1999-06-25 2000-06-22 Gaserzeugende zusammensetzung Withdrawn EP1205457A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP18017899 1999-06-25
JP18017899 1999-06-25
JP29898999 1999-10-21
JP29898999 1999-10-21
PCT/JP2000/004070 WO2001000544A1 (fr) 1999-06-25 2000-06-22 Composition d'agents gazogenes

Publications (1)

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EP1205457A1 true EP1205457A1 (de) 2002-05-15

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EP (1) EP1205457A1 (de)
KR (1) KR100420563B1 (de)
CZ (1) CZ20014668A3 (de)
WO (1) WO2001000544A1 (de)

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EP1391446A1 (de) * 2001-04-20 2004-02-25 Nippon Kayaku Kabushiki Kaisha Gaserzeugungszusammensetzung
EP1275629A3 (de) * 2001-07-10 2010-09-22 TRW Airbag Systems GmbH & Co. KG Nitrozellulosefreie gaserzeugende Zusammensetzung
US8002918B2 (en) 2006-08-29 2011-08-23 Daicel Chemical Industries, Ltd. Gas generating composition
FR2964656A1 (fr) * 2010-09-15 2012-03-16 Snpe Materiaux Energetiques Composes pyrotechniques generateurs de gaz
US8613821B2 (en) 1999-09-27 2013-12-24 Daicel Chemical Industries, Ltd. Basic metal nitrate, process for producing the same and gas generating agent composition
CN105358508A (zh) * 2013-05-21 2016-02-24 有限会社三松 燃烧速度和燃烧气体量得到增加的气体发生剂
EP3000799A4 (de) * 2013-05-21 2017-01-04 Samsong Industries Ltd. Gaserzeugungsmittelzusammensetzung mit reduzierter feststoffaustragmenge eines gasgenerators
EP2459501A4 (de) * 2009-07-29 2017-12-20 Autoliv ASP, Inc. Inflatorbaugruppe
US10358393B2 (en) 2016-05-23 2019-07-23 Joyson Safety Systems Acquisition Llc Gas generating compositions and methods of making and using thereof

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CN100436384C (zh) * 2001-04-20 2008-11-26 日本化药株式会社 气体发生组合物
KR101212790B1 (ko) * 2011-05-12 2012-12-14 주식회사 한화 가스발생제용 조성물, 이를 이용한 가스발생제 및 이를 포함하는 인플레이터
EP2796101B1 (de) 2013-04-23 2016-04-20 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Kit zum Herstellen eines vernetzten Gels zum Umschließen von Nierensteinen und/oder Nierensteinfragmenten
DE202013012287U1 (de) 2013-04-23 2016-01-18 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Gelbildendes System zum Entfernen von Nierensteinfragmenten
DE202013012275U1 (de) 2013-04-23 2015-12-18 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Kit zum Herstellen eines vernetzten Gels zum Umschließen von Nierensteinen und/oder Nierensteinfragmenten
PL2796100T3 (pl) 2013-04-23 2016-08-31 Fraunhofer Ges Forschung Układ tworzący żel do usuwania fragmentów kamieni nerkowych
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CN116425602B (zh) * 2023-04-03 2024-06-28 西安卡亚石油能源有限公司 一种高能燃烧剂及其制备方法

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Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8613821B2 (en) 1999-09-27 2013-12-24 Daicel Chemical Industries, Ltd. Basic metal nitrate, process for producing the same and gas generating agent composition
EP1391446A4 (de) * 2001-04-20 2008-11-05 Nippon Kayaku Kk Gaserzeugungszusammensetzung
US7918949B2 (en) 2001-04-20 2011-04-05 Nippon Kayaku Kabushiki Kaisha Gas generating composition
EP1391446A1 (de) * 2001-04-20 2004-02-25 Nippon Kayaku Kabushiki Kaisha Gaserzeugungszusammensetzung
EP1275629A3 (de) * 2001-07-10 2010-09-22 TRW Airbag Systems GmbH & Co. KG Nitrozellulosefreie gaserzeugende Zusammensetzung
US8002918B2 (en) 2006-08-29 2011-08-23 Daicel Chemical Industries, Ltd. Gas generating composition
EP2459501A4 (de) * 2009-07-29 2017-12-20 Autoliv ASP, Inc. Inflatorbaugruppe
WO2012035271A3 (fr) * 2010-09-15 2012-05-10 Sme Composes pyrotechniques générateurs de gaz
FR2964656A1 (fr) * 2010-09-15 2012-03-16 Snpe Materiaux Energetiques Composes pyrotechniques generateurs de gaz
CN105358508A (zh) * 2013-05-21 2016-02-24 有限会社三松 燃烧速度和燃烧气体量得到增加的气体发生剂
EP3000799A4 (de) * 2013-05-21 2017-01-04 Samsong Industries Ltd. Gaserzeugungsmittelzusammensetzung mit reduzierter feststoffaustragmenge eines gasgenerators
EP3000798A4 (de) * 2013-05-21 2017-01-25 Samsong Industries Ltd. Gasgenerator mit erhöhter brenngeschwindigkeit und verbrennungsgasmenge
US10358393B2 (en) 2016-05-23 2019-07-23 Joyson Safety Systems Acquisition Llc Gas generating compositions and methods of making and using thereof

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CZ20014668A3 (cs) 2002-09-11
KR100420563B1 (ko) 2004-03-02
KR20020011447A (ko) 2002-02-08
WO2001000544A1 (fr) 2001-01-04

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