EP1202387B1 - Planarantenne mit verbesserter Richtcharakteristik - Google Patents
Planarantenne mit verbesserter Richtcharakteristik Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1202387B1 EP1202387B1 EP01124351A EP01124351A EP1202387B1 EP 1202387 B1 EP1202387 B1 EP 1202387B1 EP 01124351 A EP01124351 A EP 01124351A EP 01124351 A EP01124351 A EP 01124351A EP 1202387 B1 EP1202387 B1 EP 1202387B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- antenna elements
- feeder
- antenna
- columns
- line
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/0087—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing antenna arrays
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
- H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
- H01Q21/065—Patch antenna array
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
- H01Q21/22—Antenna units of the array energised non-uniformly in amplitude or phase, e.g. tapered array or binomial array
Definitions
- the invention relates to a planar antenna according to the preamble of claim 1.
- Planar antennas of the generic type are, for example known from DE 198 50 895 A1 and US 6,031,491 A.
- a other planar antenna is also from the published patent application DE 198 55 115 A1 known.
- the planar antennas are used, for example for receiving satellite broadcast signals in the frequency domain from 10.7 to 12.75 GHz.
- the planar antennas face the parabolic antennas have a number of advantages; for example they offer less surface for the wind are not as voluminous and find because of their better optical Impressively wider acceptance.
- known ones Planar antennas versus parabolic mirror LNB antennas some Disadvantages in the electrical characteristics, for example a lower cross polarization decoupling, worse Polar patterns and stronger side lobes.
- At the in the DE 198 55 115 A1 described improved planar antenna u. a. through a special design of the patch elements of the antenna elements an improved cross polarization decoupling and side lobe suppression achieved.
- the multi-layer antenna arrangement known from DE 198 55 115 A1 includes, among others, one facing the satellite upper metallic layer, in which patch elements are formed are.
- the patch elements are from, for example rectangular shape.
- the level of the patch elements is metallic Conductor tracks formed, the one the antenna elements Form dining feed line network.
- the individual multilayer antenna elements are in one Layer arranged like a matrix in N columns and M rows, where essentially each of the N columns M antenna elements having.
- a schematic diagram of the arrangement of the antenna elements is shown in Figure 1. After appropriate alignment on the satellites, the lines run in the azimuth direction and the columns in the direction of elevation.
- the single ones Antenna elements are preferably both equidistant arranged in the azimuth direction as well as in the elevation direction, the distances in the two directions different could be.
- the known patch planar antenna arrangement is the different spacing in the two directions of the antenna elements also partly to the different Distances of the feed line networks to the upper level attributed to the patch elements.
- a planar antenna is, among other things, due to its radiation characteristics labeled, which results from the product the characteristics of the individual antenna element (at Use of the same antenna elements) and a group factor (a function dependent on the solid angle).
- the total number the antenna elements determines the gain of the antenna, while the number of those arranged in the azimuth or elevation direction Elements the opening angle in the respective direction certainly.
- the radiation characteristic (radiation diagram) contains zeros and side lobes (maxima), which are brought in by the group factor. It was determined, that for a complete, rectangular matrix, the Attenuation at the first side lobe is approximately 13 dB.
- this value is too low; it will dampen the first side lobe of at least 20 dB required.
- Such one Attenuation is at least at those points (solid angles) required a position of the same frequency range working satellites whose broadcasts should not be received.
- the object of the invention is therefore to make the damping undesirable Signals as well as the suppression of interference signals improve.
- planar antenna with the features of patent claim 1.
- the planar antenna has a plurality of antenna elements which are arranged substantially without gaps at the intersection of N columns and M rows, forming an orthogonal matrix.
- An "essentially gapless" arrangement means an arrangement in which there is generally no vacant crossing point between two antenna elements adjacent in a column or row, but it is nevertheless possible that, within the matrix, due to constructive exceptions (for example the arrangement of a feeding point ) some crossing points are unoccupied.
- the antenna elements are arranged in a mirror-symmetrical manner with the formation of at least one central column with respect to a line of symmetry running in the direction of the columns.
- the planar antenna has at least one middle column in the sense of this definition; if the number of columns is even, at least two middle columns.
- the at least one middle column has a number of M antenna elements.
- at least the two columns arranged on the outside have a smaller number of antenna elements.
- the number of antenna elements in each column is not greater than the number of antenna elements in the adjacent column closer to the line of symmetry. This means that the number of antenna elements decreases from the center of the planar antenna to the outside, but several adjacent columns can have the same number of antenna elements.
- An exception to this basic rule can arise from the aforementioned constructive exception of a feed point in the middle of the matrix of antenna elements if a few antenna elements are omitted at this point.
- a feed network with a feed point and a branched network of feed lines leading from this feed point to all antenna elements is provided, the network being designed in such a way that there is an essentially equally long route from the feed point to each antenna element.
- the design of such a feed network could be implemented symmetrically in a relatively simple manner.
- the network of feed lines is formed by (a) starting from a fictitious rectangular arrangement of N columns with M antenna elements each, (b) constructing a fictitious feed network by (b1) the feed lines for all antenna elements of the N columns and M rows of two antenna elements adjacent to each other in a row or column are combined to form a first group, whereby a feed line branching point is formed, from which feed lines of essentially the same length lead to the antenna elements, (b2) the feed lines of two in each for all first groups Column or row direction adjacent first groups are brought together to form a further group, whereby a further feed line branch point is formed, from which feed lines of essentially the same length lead to the previously formed feed line branch points, (b3) for all white ter groups, this merging is repeated until the feed lines of all antenna elements are brought together at the feed point, (b4) those fictitious arrangement of N * M antenna elements are used to eliminate those antenna elements that are not contained in the planar antenna, (b5) those branches of the fictitious feed lines which lead exclusively
- the line sections of the fictitious feed network which extend beyond the rhombus-shaped outer contour are additionally replaced in step (c) by approximately equally long line sections within the rhombus-shaped outer contour.
- the configuration of the feed network according to the invention permits symmetrical feeding, which avoids phase errors and produces a good directional characteristic with low side lobes.
- "Essentially the same length" feed lines are to be understood in a first approximation as feed lines with the same geometric length. Of course, this should also be understood to mean feed lines which have the same “route length” in such a way that the signals propagating along the line in the preferred frequency range arrive at approximately the same phase position at the feed point.
- the antenna elements are preferably additionally mirror-symmetrical with respect to one running in the direction of the lines Line of symmetry arranged. This means that near the line of symmetry Arranged middle lines the largest number of antenna elements have and at least the two arranged outside Lines a smaller number of antenna elements exhibit. This creates a planar antenna whose side lobe attenuation is also improved in the column direction, that means that the preferred antenna arrangement has a corresponding one Alignment to the satellite increased side lobe damping both in the azimuth direction and in the direction of the elevation.
- the dependence of the number of antenna elements in the columns on the distance from the line of symmetry is in any case a monotonically decreasing function, that is to say that the number of antenna elements in a column located further out is not greater than the number of antenna elements in a column lying further inside.
- the number of antenna elements in each column can in each case be less than the number of antenna elements in the adjacent column closer to the line of symmetry.
- the number of antenna elements in a column is either equal to the number or a number x less than the number of antenna elements in the adjacent column closer to the line of symmetry.
- n adjacent columns each have the same number of antenna elements.
- the number of columns n is therefore equal to 2 * n times the quotient M / x rounded to the next larger whole number.
- the antenna elements are preferably arranged mirror-symmetrically with respect to a further line of symmetry lying between two middle lines, so that the antenna elements are arranged within a rhombus-shaped outer contour.
- the antenna elements are arranged equidistantly in each column or each row, the column spacing being able to differ from the row spacing for the reasons mentioned above. It has been shown that an aperture angle between 2 ° and 3 ° can be achieved with such a planar antenna (an aperture angle of less than approximately 3.4 ° is required for direct satellite reception). In addition, such an antenna arrangement showed a side lobe attenuation of at least 25 dB. Finally, the symmetry of the antenna structure allows the antenna to be rotated through 90 °, the rows with the columns being swapped functionally. This antenna arrangement is therefore equally well suited for satellite signals with horizontal and vertical polarization.
- FIG. 1 shows schematically the known arrangement of antenna elements already described in the introduction.
- the planar antenna arrangement 1 has a multiplicity of antenna elements 2, which are arranged at intersections of orthogonal rows and columns.
- the antenna elements are shown as circular spots.
- the antenna elements can be of any suitable shape, for example the rectangular shape described in the aforementioned publication DE 198 55 115 A1.
- the group antenna 1 consists of N columns, each with M antenna elements. If the antenna 1 is oriented towards a satellite, the rows extend in the azimuth direction, while the columns are aligned in the direction of the elevation.
- the antenna elements 2 are arranged equidistantly, the distance d a of the antenna elements 2 in the azimuth direction being different from the distance d e of the antenna elements 2 in the direction of the elevation.
- FIG. 2 illustrates a basic principle of the arrangement 5 of the antenna elements in the planar antenna according to the invention.
- the antenna elements are arranged in columns, each column having a predetermined number of antenna elements.
- the columns are again arranged equidistantly with the distance d a .
- the two outer columns 3 have a number A of antenna elements.
- Columns 4 adjacent to the outer columns each comprise B antenna elements.
- the subsequent columns 5 arranged further inside each have C antenna elements.
- This symmetry continues inwards, so that a symmetry line 6 extending in the column direction or in the direction of the elevation is formed for the arrangement of the antenna elements.
- the number A, B, C, ... of the antenna elements in each column increases in the direction of the line of symmetry 6, the number of antenna elements in a column being no greater than the number of antenna elements in a column closer to the line of symmetry 6.
- FIG. 3 shows a schematic representation of a preferred arrangement of columns 7 of antenna elements, the number of which is distributed symmetrically to the line of symmetry 6.
- the columns closest to the line of symmetry 6 have a maximum number M of antenna elements.
- the number of antenna elements then decreases outwards from column to column by x antenna elements in each case.
- the columns are again arranged equidistantly with the distance d a .
- Figures 2 and 3 are neither the individual antenna elements their alignment is shown in the row direction. But it should be noted that the neighboring Antenna elements of the neighboring columns (so far present) in approximately the same vertical position (Elevation). In a preferred embodiment the antenna elements are also vertical Direction symmetrically arranged so that there is an orthogonal further line of symmetry between the middle lines or on the middle row.
- Figure 4 shows such a preferred arrangement of the Antenna elements in which the number M of lines and the Number N of columns are even numbers and the number of Antenna elements from column to column to the outside by each decreases two antenna elements. This results in the Figure 4 shown rhombus shape.
- Figure 5 illustrates the formation of the feed lines or the symmetrically branching feed line network, for simplification only the feed lines for an excitation direction (e.g. vertical) are.
- First a fictional arrangement of antenna elements in N columns and M rows where each column has M elements. The inferred from it, Antenna elements left in accordance with the invention are shown shaded in gray, while the later omitted antenna elements of the fictitious arrangement are illustrated by a dotted outline. outgoing of this fictitious overall arrangement of the antenna elements are two in each across the entire matrix Column direction adjacent antenna elements combined, that is, the feed lines of these are combined Antenna elements at a first branch point merged such that the lengths of the two feed lines from this branch point to the antenna elements are the same.
- Figure 6 shows a single level feeder network for a preferred embodiment of the invention Planar antenna.
- FIG. 6 shows the preferred embodiment of the feed network for a polarization direction.
- the feeding point is about in the middle of the symmetrical arrangement, at this point a group of four antenna elements was omitted.
- On the right side of Figure 6 an enlarged section is shown. In this enlargement are to compensate for the effect of the omitted antenna elements inserted weights 8 illustrated.
- These weights are called widenings of the Conductor lines of the feed line network visible. they are each formed at the feed line branching points 9, each of which has a direct branch line 10 to those Points 11 leads, at which the fictional complete Feed network each branch to the omitted Group of antenna elements.
- the widened Conductor tracks 8 start at the respective branch points 9 and extend against the direction of direct branch lines 10.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
- Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)
- Waveguide Aerials (AREA)
Description
Bei einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist die Anzahl der Antennenelemente in einer Spalte entweder gleich der Anzahl oder um eine Zahl x geringer als die Anzahl der Antennenelemente in der näher an der Symmetrielinie liegenden benachbarten Spalte. Darüber hinaus haben jeweils n benachbarte Spalten die gleiche Anzahl von Antennenelementen. Die Anzahl der Spalten n ist somit gleich dem 2*n-fachen des auf die nächstgrößere ganze Zahl gerundeten Quotienten M/x. Die Zahl x ist vorzugsweise eine gerade Zahl, beispielsweise x = 2. Darüber hinaus sind die Antennenelemente vorzugsweise spiegelsymmetrisch in Bezug auf eine zwischen zwei mittleren Zeilen liegende weitere Symmetrielinie verteilt angeordnet, so daß die Antennenelemente innerhalb einer rhombusförmigen Außenkontur angeordnet sind. Beispielsweise weist eine Planarantennenanordnung dieser Art 32 Spalten und Zeilen auf (N = M = 32), wobei sich vier mittlere Zeilen bzw. Spalten mit jeweils 32 Elementen ergeben und wobei jeweils zwei benachbarte Spalten die gleiche Anzahl von Elementen aufweisen, wobei diese Anzahl um vier geringer ist als die des weiter innen liegenden Spaltenpaars (x = 4 und n = 2). Im übrigen sind die Antennenelemente in jeder Spalte bzw. jeder Zeile äquidistant angeordnet, wobei sich aus den oben genannten Gründen der Spaltenabstand von dem Zeilenabstand unterscheiden kann. Es hat sich gezeigt, daß mit einer solchen Planarantenne ein Öffnungswinkel zwischen 2° und 3° erreichbar ist (gefordert wird ein Öffnungswinkel von weniger als etwa 3,4° für den direkten Satellitenempfang). Darüber hinaus zeigte eine derartige Antennenanordnung eine Nebenkeulendämpfung von mindestens 25 dB. Schließlich gestattet die Symmetrie der Antennenstruktur eine Rotation der Antenne um 90°, wobei die Zeilen mit den Spalten funktionell vertauscht werden. Diese Antennenanordnung ist demzufolge für Satellitensignale mit horizontaler und vertikaler Polarisation gleichermaßen gut geeignet.
Claims (8)
- Planarantenne mit einer Mehrzahl von Antennenelementen (2), die unter Bildung einer orthogonalen Matrix im wesentlichen lückenlos an Kreuzungspunkten von N Spalten und M Zeilen angeordnet sind,
wobei die Antennenelemente (2) unter Bildung wenigstens einer mittleren Spalte spiegelsymmetrisch in Bezug auf eine in Richtung der Spalten verlaufende Symmetrielinie (6) verteilt angeordnet sind,
wobei die wenigstens eine mittlere Spalte eine Anzahl von M Antennenelementen aufweist und zumindest die beiden außen angeordneten Spalten eine geringere Anzahl von Antennenelementen aufweisen und die Anzahl der Antennenelemente in jeder Spalte jeweils nicht größer als die Anzahl der Antennenelemente in der näher an der Symmetrielinie liegenden benachbarten Spalte ist,
wobei ein Speisenetzwerk mit einem Speisepunkt und einem von diesem Speisepunkt zu sämtlichen Antennenelementen führenden verzweigten Netzwerk von Speiseleitungen so ausgebildet ist, daß sich ein im wesentlichen gleich langer Leitweg von dem Speisepunkt zu jedem Antennenelement ergibt,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß N = 2a und M = 2b ist, wobei a und b ganze Zahlen größer als 1 sind, und
daß das Netzwerk von Speiseleitungen ausgebildet ist wie ein Netzwerk, das hergestellt wird, indema) von einer fiktiven rechteckigen Anordnung von N Spalten mit jeweils M Antennenelementen ausgegangen wird,b) ein fiktives Speisenetzwerk konstruiert wird, indemb1) für sämtliche Antennenelemente der N Spalten und M Zeilen die Speiseleitungen von jeweils zwei in einer Zeile oder Spalte benachbarten Antennenelementen zu jeweils einer ersten Gruppe zusammengeführt werden, wobei jeweils ein Speiseleitungsverzweigungspunkt gebildet wird, von dem im wesentlichen gleich lange Speiseleitungen zu den Antennenelementen führen,b2) für sämtliche ersten Gruppen die Speiseleitungen von jeweils zwei in Spalten- oder Zeilenrichtung benachbarten ersten Gruppen zu jeweils einer weiteren Gruppe zusammengeführt werden, wobei jeweils ein weiterer Speiseleitungsverzweigungspunkt gebildet wird, von dem im wesentlichen gleich lange Speiseleitungen zu den zuvor gebildeten Speiseleitungsverzweigungspunkten führen,b3) für sämtliche weiteren Gruppen dieses Zusammenführen so oft wiederholt wird, bis die Speiseleitungen sämtlicher Antennenelemente an dem Speisepunkt zusammengeführt sind,b4) aus der so gebildeten fiktiven Anordnung von N*M Antennenelementen diejenigen Antennenelemente eliminiert werden, die in der Planarantenne nicht enthalten sind,b5) diejenigen Zweige der fiktiven Speiseleitungen, die ausschließlich zu den im Schritt b4) eliminierten Antennenelementen führen, eliminiert werden, undb6) jeder eliminierte Zweig des fiktiven Speisenetzwerks durch ein die Wirkung des eliminierten Zweigs nachbildendes Gewicht (8) ersetzt wird, wobei das Gewicht (8) an demjenigen Speiseleitungsverweigungspunkt (9) des Speisenetzwerks hinzugefügt wird, von dem eine direkte Zweigleitung (10) zu dem fiktiven Speiseleitungsverweigungspunkt (11), an dem der eliminierte Zweig endete, führt, undc) das Netzwerk von Speiseleitungen entsprechend dem im Schritt b) gebildeten fiktiven Speisenetzwerk ausgebildet wird. - Planarantenne nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Antennenelemente zusätzlich spiegelsymmetrisch in Bezug auf eine in Richtung der Zeilen verlaufende Symmetrielinie angeordnet sind.
- Planarantenne nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Anzahl der Antennenelemente in jeder Spalte jeweils geringer als die Anzahl der Antennenelemente in der näher an der Symmetrielinie liegenden benachbarten Spalte ist.
- Planarantenne nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Spalten von Antennenelementen äquidistant in einem ersten Abstand (da) voneinander angeordnet sind und daß die zeilen von Antennenelementen äquidistant in einem zweiten Abstand (de) voneinander angeordnet sind.
- Planarantenne nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Anzahl der Antennenelemente in einer Spalte entweder gleich der Anzahl oder um eine Zahl x geringer als die Anzahl der Antennenelemente in der näher an der Symmetrielinie liegenden benachbarten Spalte ist und
daß jeweils n benachbarte Spalten die gleiche Anzahl von Antennenelementen haben, wobei die Anzahl der Spalten N gleich dem 2*n-fachen des auf die nächstgrößere ganze Zahl gerundeten Quotienten M/x ist. - Planarantenne nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß x eine gerade Zahl ist.
- Planarantenne nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Antennenelemente spiegelsymmetrisch in Bezug auf eine zwischen zwei mittleren Zeilen liegende weitere Symmetrielinie verteilt angeordnet sind, so daß die Antennenelemente innerhalb einer rhombusförmigen Außenkontur angeordnet sind.
- Planarantenne nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß N = M = 32, x = 4 und n = 2 sind.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10052748A DE10052748A1 (de) | 2000-10-25 | 2000-10-25 | Planarantenne mit verbesserter Richtcharakteristik |
DE10052748 | 2000-10-25 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1202387A2 EP1202387A2 (de) | 2002-05-02 |
EP1202387A3 EP1202387A3 (de) | 2003-05-07 |
EP1202387B1 true EP1202387B1 (de) | 2004-08-25 |
Family
ID=7660924
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP01124351A Expired - Lifetime EP1202387B1 (de) | 2000-10-25 | 2001-10-23 | Planarantenne mit verbesserter Richtcharakteristik |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1202387B1 (de) |
AT (1) | ATE274756T1 (de) |
DE (2) | DE10052748A1 (de) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102008008387A1 (de) | 2008-02-09 | 2009-08-27 | Symotecs Ag | Antennensystem für mobile Satellitenkommunikation |
WO2020028363A1 (en) * | 2018-07-31 | 2020-02-06 | Quintel Cayman Limited | Split diamond antenna element for controlling azimuth pattern in different array configurations |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE112009005121B4 (de) * | 2009-08-06 | 2018-07-05 | Indian Space Research Organisation Of Isro | Gedruckte, quasi-konische Streifenwendel-Arrayantenne |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4686535A (en) * | 1984-09-05 | 1987-08-11 | Ball Corporation | Microstrip antenna system with fixed beam steering for rotating projectile radar system |
JP2920160B2 (ja) * | 1994-06-29 | 1999-07-19 | ザ ウィタカー コーポレーション | 車輌衝突回避レーダーシステム用平板形マイクロ波アンテナ |
FR2757315B1 (fr) * | 1996-12-17 | 1999-03-05 | Thomson Csf | Antenne reseau imprimee large bande |
DE19742090A1 (de) * | 1997-09-24 | 1999-03-25 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Ebene Mikrowellenantenne |
DE19850895A1 (de) * | 1998-11-05 | 2000-05-11 | Pates Tech Patentverwertung | Mikrowellenantenne mit optimiertem Kopplungsnetzwerk |
DE19855115A1 (de) * | 1998-11-30 | 2000-06-08 | Technisat Elektronik Thueringe | Mehrlagige Antennenanordnung |
-
2000
- 2000-10-25 DE DE10052748A patent/DE10052748A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2001
- 2001-10-23 DE DE50103383T patent/DE50103383D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-10-23 EP EP01124351A patent/EP1202387B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-10-23 AT AT01124351T patent/ATE274756T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102008008387A1 (de) | 2008-02-09 | 2009-08-27 | Symotecs Ag | Antennensystem für mobile Satellitenkommunikation |
WO2020028363A1 (en) * | 2018-07-31 | 2020-02-06 | Quintel Cayman Limited | Split diamond antenna element for controlling azimuth pattern in different array configurations |
US10931032B2 (en) | 2018-07-31 | 2021-02-23 | Quintel Cayman Limited | Split diamond antenna element for controlling azimuth pattern in different array configurations |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE50103383D1 (de) | 2004-09-30 |
DE10052748A1 (de) | 2002-05-29 |
ATE274756T1 (de) | 2004-09-15 |
EP1202387A2 (de) | 2002-05-02 |
EP1202387A3 (de) | 2003-05-07 |
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Legal Events
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PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
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