EP1181729A1 - Batterie de piles a combustible a element de chauffage et a propriete amelioree de demarrage a froid, et procede pour le demarrage a froid d'une telle batterie - Google Patents

Batterie de piles a combustible a element de chauffage et a propriete amelioree de demarrage a froid, et procede pour le demarrage a froid d'une telle batterie

Info

Publication number
EP1181729A1
EP1181729A1 EP00916794A EP00916794A EP1181729A1 EP 1181729 A1 EP1181729 A1 EP 1181729A1 EP 00916794 A EP00916794 A EP 00916794A EP 00916794 A EP00916794 A EP 00916794A EP 1181729 A1 EP1181729 A1 EP 1181729A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fuel cell
heating element
cell battery
battery
electrolyte
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP00916794A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Ulrich Gebhardt
Manfred Waidhas
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP1181729A1 publication Critical patent/EP1181729A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
    • H01M8/04067—Heat exchange or temperature measuring elements, thermal insulation, e.g. heat pipes, heat pumps, fins
    • H01M8/04074—Heat exchange unit structures specially adapted for fuel cell
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
    • H01M8/04225—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells during start-up
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/043—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods
    • H01M8/04302—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods applied during start-up
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
    • H01M8/241—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells with solid or matrix-supported electrolytes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
    • H01M2250/20—Fuel cells in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/40—Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a fuel cell battery, in particular a polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell battery or a Phospho ⁇ c Acid (PAFC) fuel cell battery with heating element and improved cold start performance and a method for cold starting such a battery, the heating element initially having a minimal area a fuel cell unit, from which autothermal heating of the entire battery is then possible.
  • PEM polymer electrolyte membrane
  • PAFC Phospho ⁇ c Acid
  • a fuel cell battery has one electrolyte per fuel cell unit, as in the PEM fuel cell, an ion exchange membrane, which contains a sulfonated chemical compound as the main component.
  • This group of chemical compounds binds water in the membrane to ensure sufficient proton conductivity.
  • the membrane resistance suddenly increases by 2-3 powers of ten due to the freezing of the stored water.
  • an autothermal heating of a fuel cell unit is not possible without further measures.
  • the PAFC Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cell
  • thermocouple can be installed so that the The moment when the temperature drops so far that the electrolyte resistance threatens to increase suddenly, the battery starts and the combustion fabric cell at a temperature above the freezing point of the electrolyte.
  • a disadvantage of short-circuit operation is that the extremely high resistance of the electrolyte must be overcome at temperatures below freezing until the cell is started to run and can heat up as a result.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to provide a fuel cell battery with improved cold start performance, which can be started at low temperatures without a drastically increased consumption of process gas. It is also an object of the invention to provide a method with which a fuel cell battery can be started cold.
  • the invention relates to a fuel cell battery with a stack which comprises at least one PEM and / or one PAFC fuel cell unit with at least one integrated heating element.
  • the invention also relates to a method for cold starting a fuel cell battery, in which a heating element in a fuel cell unit is heated externally until the electrolyte resistance has become so low that further heating of the battery can take place autothermally.
  • the heating element is preferably as compact as possible, ie thin and narrow, so that it can be merged into the electrolyte, for example, without increasing the volume of the electrolyte.
  • the heating element preferably has a connection to a source of energy ⁇ from which it is supplied when starting with energy.
  • the heating element is a wire or a narrow band, which can consist of different, warm and / or electron conductive materials.
  • the heating element preferably directly heats only a narrow region of the electrolyte, from which the entire electrolyte and / or the entire membrane is then heated in the domino effect.
  • the heating element is a wire and e.g. m integrated the membrane by lamination. It is advantageous that the heating element also gives the membrane mechanical strength.
  • the heating element e.g. the heating wire
  • the heating element is preferably connected to an energy source. It is advantageously connected to an external energy source via an electrical line. Every energy source except the combustion cell battery itself, which is to be heated, called.
  • the fuel cell units are preferably polymer electrolyte membrane cells, which e.g. also find application in the mobile area.
  • At least one heating element is present in a fuel cell unit.
  • the number, the size, the material and the shape of the heating element depend on the construction of the respective fuel cell battery and are in no way intended to limit the scope of the invention.
  • gas diffusion layer e.g. the carbon paper
  • a narrow strip thereof preferably electrically insulated from the rest of the diffusion layer
  • the preferred form of the heating element is naturally such that it disturbs the component of the fuel cell unit in which it is integrated as little as possible and takes as little damage as possible during normal operation.
  • the heating element as a bare metal wire is easy to integrate both in the gas diffusion layer and in the pole plate.
  • Wire which e.g. is covered with a thermally conductive plastic, is also cheap in the electrolyte, e.g. m the polymer membrane, housed or laminated.
  • the heating element can be started independently of the operation of the fuel cell battery.
  • the external energy source is a rechargeable battery and / or a battery which can be recharged, for example, during operation via the fuel cell system.
  • the external energy source can just as well be an electrical connection to a network, for example to the fixed network.
  • the heating element is integrated in one or two gas diffusion layers of a fuel cell unit.
  • a fuel cell battery comprises at least one stack (which is to be heated with the aid of the invention) with at least one fuel cell unit, which is referred to as a stack, the corresponding process gas supply and disposal channels (process gas channel), a cooling system and associated end plates.
  • a fuel cell unit comprises at least one electrolyte, to which electrodes are connected on both sides, to which, in turn, a gas diffusion layer is adjacent, through which the reaction gas in the reaction chamber diffuses to the electrode for conversion.
  • the electrodes consist, for example, of an electrocatalyst layer and the gas diffusion layer is e.g. formed by a carbon paper.
  • the heating element When moving, the heating element is started first.
  • the heating element also heats the immediate surroundings, so that if e.g. the heating element is wired as a wire in the middle of the electrolyte, in this area the electrolyte quickly reaches temperatures above its freezing point.
  • the advantage of this locally very limited heating is that much less energy is required to heat the membrane adjacent to the heating element.
  • the lowest energy consumption is when the heating element (s) are directly integrated or enamelled in the membrane.
  • the heating element is switched off at the earliest when the electrolyte has reached a temperature above its freezing point in at least one point. From then on, conventional autothermal heating is possible.
  • Autothermal heating is the effect in which, triggered by a heated point in the electrolyte (however narrow), the following domino effect occurs: the resistance in the electrolyte drops at the heating element, so that conversion and power generation can take place Waste heat from this reaction, which takes place along the narrow, heated area, heats the adjacent area, which then also reduces the electrolyte resistance, as a result of which a further implementation area is “opened”, ie accessible, which in turn heats up the adjacent area ...
  • FIG. 1 shows a top view of a fuel cell unit 1.
  • the active cell area 2 can be seen, the extent of which corresponds to the length of the distance x.
  • the openings of the four axial process gas channels 3, the edge region 4 of the fuel cell and finally, in the middle m of the active cell surface, the heating element 5 are arranged.
  • the heating element 5, which is a corrugated wire, is either directly laminated into the membrane or lies on it. It can just as well be attached to and / or behind the membrane, an electrode, a gas diffusion layer, and / or a cell sheet.
  • a line 6 leads to the wire hm, which connects the heating element to an external energy source, such as a rechargeable battery.
  • the line 6 can run directly to the energy source or via other heating elements, eg connected in series.
  • a second line 7 leads away from the heating element, which either leads back to the energy source or to other heating elements connected in series, for example.
  • Figures 2a to 3c show the resistance ⁇ extending 2a to 2c and the associated bathproflle 3a to 3c, the fuel cell battery.
  • the ordinate indicates the distance x, which describes the length of the active cell surface and is known from Figure 1 and shows the -Abszisse m From the ⁇ formations 2 and the resistor R in Figures 3, the power density P.
  • the method makes it possible to start a fuel cell battery inexpensively and quickly, in particular for mobile use.
  • the additional design effort is low because parts of the cell itself, e.g. the gas diffusion layer, can be used as a heating element.
  • As an external energy source e.g. in the mobile application the 12V car battery easily runs out.

Landscapes

  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une batterie de piles à combustible PEM ou PAFC à élément de chauffage et à propriété améliorée de démarrage à froid, ainsi qu'un procédé pour le démarrage à froid d'une telle batterie, caractérisé en ce que l'élément de chauffage, par exemple, un fil métallique, chauffe tout d'abord une région minimale d'une unité de pile à combustible, région à partir de laquelle il devient alors possible de produire un chauffage élevé autothermique de toute la batterie.
EP00916794A 1999-03-29 2000-03-03 Batterie de piles a combustible a element de chauffage et a propriete amelioree de demarrage a froid, et procede pour le demarrage a froid d'une telle batterie Withdrawn EP1181729A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19914249 1999-03-29
DE19914249 1999-03-29
PCT/DE2000/000674 WO2000059058A1 (fr) 1999-03-29 2000-03-03 Batterie de piles a combustible a element de chauffage et a propriete amelioree de demarrage a froid, et procede pour le demarrage a froid d'une telle batterie

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1181729A1 true EP1181729A1 (fr) 2002-02-27

Family

ID=7902839

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP00916794A Withdrawn EP1181729A1 (fr) 1999-03-29 2000-03-03 Batterie de piles a combustible a element de chauffage et a propriete amelioree de demarrage a froid, et procede pour le demarrage a froid d'une telle batterie

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US20020068202A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1181729A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2002540585A (fr)
CN (1) CN1354894A (fr)
CA (1) CA2368891A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2000059058A1 (fr)

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CA2408538C (fr) * 2000-05-08 2008-05-20 Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Ensemble de piles a combustible avec resistance chauffante obtenue sur une grille d'une couche electrolytique
DE10031062A1 (de) * 2000-06-26 2002-01-17 Siemens Ag Polymer-Elektrolyt-Membran(PEM)-Brennstoffzelle mit Heizelement,PEM-Brennstoffzellenanlage und Verfahren zum Betreiben einer PEM-Brennstoffzellenanlage
JP4987194B2 (ja) * 2001-04-13 2012-07-25 本田技研工業株式会社 燃料電池
JP2002305014A (ja) * 2001-04-06 2002-10-18 Honda Motor Co Ltd 燃料電池
JP4864225B2 (ja) * 2001-04-13 2012-02-01 本田技研工業株式会社 燃料電池
US6737182B2 (en) * 2001-06-18 2004-05-18 Delphi Technologies, Inc. Heated interconnect
US7208246B2 (en) * 2002-07-23 2007-04-24 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Fuel cell with integrated heater and robust construction
US7045234B2 (en) * 2002-08-14 2006-05-16 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Fuel-cell integral multifunction heater and methods
JP2004342430A (ja) * 2003-05-15 2004-12-02 Toyota Motor Corp 燃料電池システムおよびその運転方法
US20040247965A1 (en) * 2003-06-06 2004-12-09 Gennady Resnick Maintaining PEM fuel cell performance with sub-freezing boot strap starts
US20040247967A1 (en) * 2003-06-06 2004-12-09 Gennady Resnick Maintaining PEM fuel cell performance with sub-freezing boot strap starts
US8603695B2 (en) * 2007-06-22 2013-12-10 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Fuel cell assembly manifold heater for improved water removal and freeze start
GB2470371A (en) * 2009-05-19 2010-11-24 Energy Conversion Technology As Heating of a fuel cell stack
US9214703B2 (en) 2011-03-01 2015-12-15 Panasonic Intellectual Property Management Co., Ltd. Secondary cell and method for testing secondary cell
DE102011101357A1 (de) * 2011-05-12 2012-11-15 Audi Ag Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Kraftwagens mit einem Hybridantrieb
JP6153733B2 (ja) * 2013-01-21 2017-06-28 Ｃｏｎｎｅｘｘ Ｓｙｓｔｅｍｓ株式会社 燃料電池
FR3008830A1 (fr) 2013-07-16 2015-01-23 Commissariat Energie Atomique Systeme electrochimique comportant un systeme de chauffage a induction
DE102016222796A1 (de) * 2016-11-18 2018-05-24 Robert Bosch Gmbh Batterie mit bereichsweiser Temperierung
US10727520B2 (en) 2017-07-18 2020-07-28 Cummins Enterprise Llc Fuel cell stack assembly
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP2002540585A (ja) 2002-11-26
US20020068202A1 (en) 2002-06-06
CA2368891A1 (fr) 2000-10-05
CN1354894A (zh) 2002-06-19
WO2000059058A1 (fr) 2000-10-05

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