EP1177018B1 - Novel fire stop and its use - Google Patents

Novel fire stop and its use Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1177018B1
EP1177018B1 EP00928773A EP00928773A EP1177018B1 EP 1177018 B1 EP1177018 B1 EP 1177018B1 EP 00928773 A EP00928773 A EP 00928773A EP 00928773 A EP00928773 A EP 00928773A EP 1177018 B1 EP1177018 B1 EP 1177018B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
adhesive
liner
container
hole
intumescent material
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP00928773A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1177018A1 (en
Inventor
David C. Chambers
Laurence M. Whitty
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
3M Innovative Properties Co
Original Assignee
3M Innovative Properties Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 3M Innovative Properties Co filed Critical 3M Innovative Properties Co
Publication of EP1177018A1 publication Critical patent/EP1177018A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1177018B1 publication Critical patent/EP1177018B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C2/00—Fire prevention or containment
    • A62C2/06—Physical fire-barriers
    • A62C2/065—Physical fire-barriers having as the main closure device materials, whose characteristics undergo an irreversible change under high temperatures, e.g. intumescent

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to devices for use in making fire stops in buildings.
  • Partitions in general including walls, floors and ceilings in buildings, may have holes in them for passage of items such as vent pipes, drain pipes, plumbing pipes, gas pipes, electrical wiring, conduits to contain electrical telephone and computer wiring, optical fibre, air conditioning ducts, heating ducts and the like.
  • One hole may accommodate one or several such items.
  • Annular spaces between the hole and the item passing through the hole create passages through which heat and fire can spread, especially if a pipe collapses or bums under the influence of heat. It is therefore desired to provide means for filling or blocking these spaces to prevent the spread of heat and fire through the holes.
  • EP-A-0 476 945 discloses a fire seal for use with electrical conduits and fittings comprising a sheet or layer of intumescent material applied to one or more internal surfaces of the fittings or channels through which electrical cables pass.
  • the intumescent material may take the form of a pad or gasket and may be secured to one or more internal walls of the fittings or channels by PVC faced adhesive tape.
  • US-A-4,273,821 discloses a fire protective tape using a halogen-free mastic coating applied on a sheet-like carrier, which may be wound as a tape upon single or grouped electric power and control cables to restrict fire propagation and to prevent self ignition of cable from fires due to overloading or other electrical faults.
  • the present invention provides a device as defined in claim 1.
  • the dependent claims relate to individual embodiments of the invention.
  • Suitable intumescent materials include flexible fire barrier felts that are disclosed in US-A-5,830,319, the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference.
  • the felt comprises an organic polymeric binder, organic fibres having pendant hydroxyl groups, for example cellulosic fibres, a heat absorbing compound that is suitably an intumescent compound, for example intercalated graphite, mica, perlite, vermiculite, hydrated sodium silicate, and a phosphorus compound.
  • intumescent material that is suitable for use in the present invention is a flexible fire barrier felt that is available from 3M under the trade-mark Interam Ultra GS. It is available in strips 5 cm wide and about 1 cm thick (about 2 inches wide and about 0.5 inch thick), in any length. When exposed to temperatures of at least 149°C (300°F) it intumesces rapidly, expanding up to approximately 25 times its original volume. It turns into a hard char that impedes or prevents passage of heat, fire, smoke and gases. The material exerts substantial pressures on items in the hole so that it compresses piping and wiring materials, thus further effecting a seal of the hole against fire, heat, smoke and the like. It also releases chemically bound water that helps to slow temperature rise.
  • the patch of adhesive is present directly on a surface of a strip of an intumescent fire barrier felt.
  • the liner is removed from the patch of adhesive, the felt is flexed to permit it to be pushed into the hole and the adhesive attaches either to the exterior surface of the pipe or the interior surface of the hole, where it is held permanently in place.
  • the intumescent felt strip is contained in a coating of, for example, a plastic sheet, woven fabric or, preferably, aluminum foil and the adhesive patch is on the coating.
  • the intumescent felt material and the adhesive are operatively connected to each other via the coating, although not in direct physical contact.
  • the coating contains the intumescent material when it first encounters heat and intumesces, so that the expanded material remains contained in the hole and blocks the hole, rather than perhaps being blown around by a fire draught and leaving the hole unblocked.
  • These embodiments are more suited for use with small pipes, up to about 5 cm (about 1 inch) nominal diameter, and small holes, up to 3.8 cm (about 11 ⁇ 2 inch) nominal diameter.
  • intumescent material For use with pipes larger than 5 cm (1 inch) and holes larger than 3.8 cm (11 ⁇ 2 inch) it is preferred to enclose the intumescent material in a container.
  • the container surrounding the intumescent material is preferably flexible and has a certain degree of strength.
  • Suitable materials for the flexible container include plastics materials and mention is made of polyolefins, particularly polyethylene, which heat will melt and may assist in sealing.
  • Another flexible container material that can be used is a metal foil, such as aluminum foil.
  • Yet another material is a fabric, for instance woven fibres of polyamide, polyester, polyolefin, polyacrylate, glass or ceramic or the like.
  • a preferred container, particularly for more stringent conditions is composed of a thin aluminum sheet or foil attached to a fabric or fiber reinforcing material made of, for instance, polyamide, polyester, glass, ceramic or the like.
  • Suitable materials include fabric net reinforced aluminum foils with polyethylene heat seal layer available from Alpha Associates, Inc., of Woodbridge, New Jersey, U.S.A particularly the foil available under the designation Alpha Style 4413-VLSTM.
  • the flexible container when laid flat, is normally elongate and in use is folded to bring one end into contact with the other to form an annulus.
  • the two ends are held in contact by some means.
  • the particular means for holding the ends is not critical. Persons skilled in the art will be able to suggest many possible means for this purpose, for instance a clip or clamp, or tape, or Velcro.
  • Preferred is an adhesive covered with a detachable liner, so that the annulus can be readily made simply by detaching the detachable liner and pressing the two ends of the container together to be held by the adhesive.
  • the demands on this adhesive are not particularly stringent, and suitable adhesives are available from 3M under the designation ScotchTM 467 HiPerformance Adhesive and 468 HiPerformance Adhesive.
  • a device of the invention can be made by taking a sheet of the flexible material that will form the container.
  • the sheet should be of the approximate length required for the maximum length of the container when flat, plus, if necessary, an allowance for sealing at each end to enclose the intumescent material. It should be of a width sufficient to encompass both the width and the height of the unexpanded intumescent material, plus again, if necessary, an allowance for sealing along one edge.
  • the material can then be folded over the unexpanded intumescent material and sealed along one side and both ends, to form the required enclosure.
  • One suitable way of doing this is by heat sealing, although it is again clear that this could be done by many other means, for instance use of adhesive or even stitching.
  • the flexible container should not be a tight fit over the intumescent material, so that when the intumescent material does swell some of that swelling is accommodated before the flexible container becomes stressed by the swelling. It is important that the flexible container contain the intumescent material as it first swells on encountering the heat, so that the intumescent material stays in place and is trapped in the hole, surrounding the pipe that passes through the hole. The container holds the swelling material for at least this brief initial period of time. Even if a seal bursts or the container subsequently tears the expansion of the intumescent material in the confined space will hold at least the bulk of the expanded material in place and form an effective fire stop.
  • the patch of adhesive that is on one exterior surface of the container. That adhesive can be on the surface that becomes the inner surface when the device is formed into an annulus.
  • the installation of the device is not particularly critical, provided that it adheres to the pipe, as the seal is not formed on installation but is formed only when heat causes the intumescent material to intumesce.
  • the device is wrapped around a pipe to form an annulus, or collar, using the adhesive or other sealing means at either end of the container to form the annulus, then thrust into the hole.
  • a pull tab which attaches to or is integral with the liner on the adhesive patch and projects from the hole, is pulled to remove the liner from over the adhesive patch.
  • the adhesive comes in contact with the pipe and the device is held permanently by the adhesive at the desired location.
  • the pull tab and liner which at its one end is permanently attached to the container, projects from the hole and serves as a flag or marker to indicate that the device is in place.
  • the hole can readily be examined visually to see that the device is in place in the hole, as indicated by the flag. Adhesion between the strip of adhesive on the inner surface of the annulus and the outer surface of the pipe can also be checked, of course.
  • a device similar to that described in the immediately preceding paragraph differing in having the adhesive patch on the surface that becomes the outer surface when the device is formed into an annulus. With this device the adhesive attaches to the inside of the hole, rather than the exterior of the pipe.
  • One application of this device is in a partition wall composed of studs faced on both sides with gypsum wallboard. For effective fire-stopping it is necessary to use two fire stops, one in each piece of wallboard, or to insert a sleeve that extends through the two pieces of wallboard and spans the gap that is equal to the width of the studs.
  • one fire stop can be inserted in the sleeve, which is, for example, of PVC or of 24 or 28 gauge sheet metal.
  • the device can be held in place by the adhesive patch adhering the outer surface of the device to the inner surface of the sleeve.
  • the seal to prevent passage of heat, smoke, flame, etc. is not formed on installation, but is formed on exposure to heat causing rapid expansion of the intumescent material.
  • the rapidly expanding intumescent material occupies whatever space is available, so it accommodates awkward shapes with ease. For instance, sometimes in a hole there is a pipe in which there is an elbow or a coupling between two pipes of different diameter, or two or more small pipes passing through one hole.
  • the adhesion between a surface of the fire stop device and the outer surface of the pipe, or the inner surface of the hole, as the case may be shall be permanent, and shall therefore be able to withstand variations in temperature, exposure to conditions of moisture, lack of humidity, vibration, exposure to gases and any other condition which might tend to reduce or break the adhesion.
  • the demands on this adhesive material are therefore greater than the demands on the material joining the two ends of the container to form an annulus. If the latter adhesion should fail this is of no effect, because the device is still retained in place. In contrast, the adhesive holding the device to the pipe must remain in place and should therefore have the capacity of adhering to materials that have low surface energy.
  • Suitable adhesives are known, for instance, from U.S.-A-5,602,221; US-A-5,616,670 and US-A-5,654,387 the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference.
  • One adhesive for this purpose is available from 3M under the trade-mark Scotch 300LSE HiStrength Adhesive.
  • fire stop devices of the same construction might be used on pipes made of many different materials, such as various plastic materials, including but not limited to cellular core PVC (ccPVC), PVC, crosslinked PVC (CPVC), fire resistant polypropylene (FRPP), PVDF, ccABS and ABS, steel, galvanized steel, aluminum, copper or mild steel which may have an anti-corrosive oil finish, or be painted, and the adhesive should attach permanently and firmly to any of these materials.
  • ccPVC cellular core PVC
  • CPVC crosslinked PVC
  • FRPP fire resistant polypropylene
  • PVDF polypropylene
  • ccABS polypropylene
  • steel galvanized steel
  • aluminum copper or mild steel which may have an anti-corrosive oil finish, or be painted
  • the adhesive should attach permanently and firmly to any of these materials.
  • Pipes and conduits used in buildings tend to be of certain nominal sizes. There is some variation in external diameter, because diameters quoted are often internal diameters and different pipes for different purposes have different wall thicknesses.
  • the outer diameters of pipes encountered in buildings are clustered in various fairly narrow dimensional ranges, however, and a device of appropriate size is made for each range.
  • a hole to accommodate a pipe passing through it is sized so that the diameter of the pipe is about 50 to 80% of the diameter of the hole.
  • one appropriately sized device of the invention is all that is needed to form a fire stop. In some instances, however, it is necessary to insert a fire stop where the hole is much larger than the pipe. This is the case particularly when retrofitting, when, say, a 7.5 cm (3 inch) pipe may have been removed from a hole and in the retrofit a 2.5 cm (1 inch) pipe is passed through the hole. In such a case it is possible to use two devices of the invention. Immediately around the 1 inch pipe is placed a device appropriately sized for 1 inch pipe, and around that there is placed a second, larger device of the invention. Alternatively the hole can be partially filled with some non-combustible material, for example mineral wool.
  • the pull tab can serve as a flag.
  • the flags can be coded to indicate the size of the device, for instance with different colours.
  • Figure 1 shows a substrate 1 on the surface of which is applied an adhesive material 2 covered with a liner 3 which extends to form a pull tab 4. If a pull is exerted on the pull tab in the direction indicated as 0° in the figure then the shear force resisting removal of the pull tab will be very great and it is more likely that the pull tab will tear than that the adhesive will release. If the pull is in the direction indicated as 90°, i.e., perpendicular to the surface bearing the adhesive, then the force required to remove the liner is considerably less. If the pull is in the direction indicated as 180° the resistance to removal of the liner is also less.
  • the embodiment of the invention that is illustrated in Figures 2 to 5 takes advantage of this phenomenon.
  • FIGs 2, 3 and 4 show a device in accordance with the invention before installation.
  • a flexible container 5 encloses strips 10 of intumescent material, the container being closed by a heat-sealed strip 7.
  • a strip of adhesive 6 temporarily covered by a releasable liner 6a, that will adhere to the other end of the container to hold the two ends when the flexible container is formed into an annulus.
  • Attached to one surface of the flexible container is a pull tab 8 that, over part of its length, act as a liner over a patch of double-sided adhesive 9 that is on the surface of the container that forms the inner surface when the container forms an annulus.
  • the liner and pull tab 8 is looped over so that when a pull on the pull tab in the direction of the arrow it is initially at about 180° to the adhesive surface, so that the liner is released relatively easily.
  • the angle approaches 90° and the resistance to release increases.
  • the angle approaches 0° and the resistance to release increases yet further as discussed above.
  • the pull tab extends from the hole and serves as a flag indicating that a device has been inserted. The device will therefore remain in place. It will be appreciated that its insertion has involved no use of tools, no particular skills, no use of screws, grout or caulking to hold it in place, and it is clearly very easily capable of rapid visual inspection, to determine that it has been installed properly.
  • the intumescent material inside the container is shown as two strips of intumescent material 10.
  • each device is designed for use with pipe of a particular size, and the device shown in Figures 2, 3 and 4 is intended for pipe whose external diameter is approximately 5 cm (2 inches).
  • the intumescent material Interam Ultra GS is available in strips that are approximately 5 cm (2 inches) wide and 0.3 cm (1/8 of an inch) thick.
  • For a device for use with 5 cm (2 inch) pipe two strips of this material are used, one approximately 19 cm (7 1/2 inches) in length and the other approximately 21 cm (8 1/4 inches) in length. The one is laid on top of the other and the strips are free to move relatively to each other, although they are, of course, confined within the flexible container.
  • the shorter length of intumescent material is adjacent that side of the foil container that, on its outer surface, bears the adhesive patch 9 and liner 8.
  • the flexible container is formed from a sheet that is approximately 26 cm (10 1/4 inches) long by 17.8 cm (7 inches) wide, when laid flat.
  • the two layers of intumescent material are laid on this sheet.
  • the sheet is then folded over lengthwise to enclose the intumescent material and heat-sealed along one edge, and to form seal 7 at either end.
  • Adhesive 6 and liner 6a are applied to the one end and the adhesive patch 9 and liner 8 attached thereafter.
  • the flexible container is suitably about 49.5 cm (19 1/2 inches) long and contains four strips of the Interam Ultra GS intumescent material, the shortest of which is about 35.8 cm (14 3/8 inches) long and the longest of which is about 43.1 cm (17 inches) long.
  • Figure 5 shows schematically the device in place before removal of the liner 8.
  • a pipe 11 extends through a hole in a concrete wall 12.
  • the device of the invention In the space between the exterior surface of the pipe and the interior of the hole in the concrete there is placed the device of the invention.
  • a pull on the liner in the direction of the arrow will expose the adhesive which then attaches to the pipe.
  • the liner 8 is not completely detached from the device but remains in place and serves as a flag to indicate that the device has been installed.
  • the adhesive that attaches the device of Figures 2 to 6 to the pipe need not extend all around the inner circle of the annulus of the adhesive.
  • the area of the adhesive should be such that, when in place, it occupies a sector of at least about 25° preferably about 50°.
  • the size of this sector does depend to some extent on the size and weight of the device and the pipe around which it is to be wrapped. With a larger device and larger diameter pipe the sector subtended by the adhesive patch can be smaller.
  • the amount and tenacity of the adhesive should be sufficient to support the weight of the device permanently in a non-friction mode, i.e., without reliance on friction, on a low energy surface.
  • FIG. 6 shows detail of a preferred embodiment of the liner and pull tab 8, in its orientation after it has been pulled from the adhesive patch 9.
  • the liner and pull tab is composed of a silicone release coated paper 15, i.e., paper coated on both sides with low surface energy silicone so that it will readily release from the adhesive patch 9.
  • a double-sided adhesive available from 3M as Double Sided Adhesive 9731.
  • the invention can be embodied in some ways different from that described above with reference to the drawings. For instance, with larger pipe diameter a larger device will be needed and there may be used 3 or 4 or even 5 or more strips of the 0.3 cm (1/8 inch) thick material Interam Ultra GS.
  • the intumescent material could be in pulverulent form, rather than solid strip form.
  • the manner of sealing the flexible container to contain the intumescent material is not critical, provided that the sealing material does withstand the initial force to sufficient extent to ensure that at least the bulk of the intumescent material remains in place in the annulus between the pipe and the hole and does in fact form a fire stop.
  • the liner and pull tab may be formed of the same material, or, of course, may be made of a composite of several different materials. Suitable materials are sheet plastic and paper, or a combination of the two; clearly the selection of material for this purpose is not critical.
  • the liner and pull tab remain attached to the device, and this can be done by means of adhesive, as described above, or the liner can be anchored at its one extreme end by any other suitable means, for instance stitching, or by making the flexible container of a material which is shaped so that when it is folded to enclose the intumescent material there is a tail extending from one surface of the container material, which tail can be folded over to cover the adhesive and serve as liner and pull tab.
  • FIG. 2 Another variant of the embodiment of Figures 2 to 6 is to dispense with the pull tab 8 and adhesive batch 9, and to locate the adhesive along the lengthwise strip of the heat-sealed area 7.
  • the adhesive would be covered with a release liner until used. In use the release liner would be removed, the device wrapped around the pipe and slid carefully into the hole and, when properly located, the adhesive on the heat- sealed strip 7 would be pressed either against the exterior of the pipe or the interior of the hole, as required.
  • this embodiment does not provide the flag to indicate installation of the device. Also, as in this embodiment the adhesive is exposed before the device is located, care must be exercised in sliding the device along the pipe to the required location.
  • inside the flexible container and partially surrounding the intumescent material is a member of, for example, thick foil or thin metal that directs expansion and flow of expanding material in a particular direction.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)
  • Bag Frames (AREA)
  • Fireproofing Substances (AREA)
EP00928773A 1999-05-07 2000-05-03 Novel fire stop and its use Expired - Lifetime EP1177018B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CA2271229 1999-05-07
CA 2271229 CA2271229C (en) 1999-05-07 1999-05-07 Novel fire stop and its use
PCT/US2000/012034 WO2000067849A1 (en) 1999-05-07 2000-05-03 Novel fire stop and its use

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1177018A1 EP1177018A1 (en) 2002-02-06
EP1177018B1 true EP1177018B1 (en) 2005-11-02

Family

ID=4163528

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP00928773A Expired - Lifetime EP1177018B1 (en) 1999-05-07 2000-05-03 Novel fire stop and its use

Country Status (7)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1177018B1 (cg-RX-API-DMAC7.html)
JP (1) JP4514966B2 (cg-RX-API-DMAC7.html)
CN (1) CN1181901C (cg-RX-API-DMAC7.html)
AU (1) AU4695500A (cg-RX-API-DMAC7.html)
CA (1) CA2271229C (cg-RX-API-DMAC7.html)
DE (1) DE60023684T2 (cg-RX-API-DMAC7.html)
WO (1) WO2000067849A1 (cg-RX-API-DMAC7.html)

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8097310B2 (en) * 2003-02-07 2012-01-17 3M Innovative Properties Company Firestop article with attachment surface
DE10318975B3 (de) * 2003-04-26 2004-12-16 Airbus Deutschland Gmbh Verfahren zur Bekämpfung eines in einem geschlossenen Raum eines Flugzeuges auftretenden Feuers
DE10318974A1 (de) * 2003-04-26 2004-11-18 Airbus Deutschland Gmbh Verfahren zur Bekämpfung eines in einem geschlossenen Raum eines Flugzeuges auftretenden Feuers
GB2429712B (en) * 2006-01-07 2007-10-10 Polyseam Ltd Fire-stop product containing detectable marker
JP4748540B2 (ja) * 2008-05-16 2011-08-17 株式会社古河テクノマテリアル 可燃性長尺体貫通部の防火処理方法
CN107019861A (zh) * 2016-01-29 2017-08-08 天津鹏安数讯消防设备工程有限公司 灭火塑胶片
WO2018118571A1 (en) * 2016-12-22 2018-06-28 3M Innovative Properties Company Adhesive article

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0476945A1 (en) * 1990-09-15 1992-03-25 Environmental Seals Limited Fire seals

Family Cites Families (11)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5543716Y2 (cg-RX-API-DMAC7.html) * 1977-06-29 1980-10-14
US4273821A (en) * 1978-01-27 1981-06-16 Pedlow J Watson Fire protective tape
FR2692794B1 (fr) * 1992-06-24 1997-01-10 Aerospatiale Dispositif de protection antifeu en materiau souple endothermique.
WO1994020055A1 (en) * 1993-03-08 1994-09-15 Akro Fireguard Products, Inc. Pressure sensitive cover for fire resistance
US5616670A (en) * 1993-11-10 1997-04-01 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Pressure sensitive adhesives with good oily surface adhesion
US5602221A (en) 1993-11-10 1997-02-11 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Pressure sensitive adhesives with good low energy surface adhesion
US5654387A (en) * 1993-11-10 1997-08-05 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Pressure sensitive adhesives
US5830319A (en) 1995-10-13 1998-11-03 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Flexible fire barrier felt
JPH09262305A (ja) * 1996-03-28 1997-10-07 Furukawa Techno Material:Kk 防火区画体貫通部の防火処理用シート及び防火処理構造
JP4704524B2 (ja) * 1997-05-16 2011-06-15 スリーエム カンパニー 手術用切開ドレープ
EP1124890A1 (en) * 1998-10-22 2001-08-22 Parker-Hannifin Corporation Intumescent, flame retardant pressure sensitive adhesive composition for emi shielding applications

Patent Citations (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0476945A1 (en) * 1990-09-15 1992-03-25 Environmental Seals Limited Fire seals

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN1354681A (zh) 2002-06-19
JP2002543897A (ja) 2002-12-24
WO2000067849A1 (en) 2000-11-16
DE60023684T2 (de) 2006-07-27
CN1181901C (zh) 2004-12-29
JP4514966B2 (ja) 2010-07-28
EP1177018A1 (en) 2002-02-06
CA2271229C (en) 2007-09-25
DE60023684D1 (de) 2005-12-08
CA2271229A1 (en) 2000-11-07
AU4695500A (en) 2000-11-21

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