Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M10/04—Construction or manufacture in general
  • H01M10/0413—Large-sized flat cells or batteries for motive or stationary systems with plate-like electrodes
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
  • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
  • H01M50/569—Constructional details of current conducting connections for detecting conditions inside cells or batteries, e.g. details of voltage sensing terminals
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M10/04—Construction or manufacture in general
  • H01M10/0445—Multimode batteries, e.g. containing auxiliary cells or electrodes switchable in parallel or series connections
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M10/06—Lead-acid accumulators
  • H01M10/12—Construction or manufacture
  • H01M10/122—Multimode batteries
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
  • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M10/06—Lead-acid accumulators
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
  • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
  • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
  • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Definitions

• the present invention is directed to a two terminal battery, useable for example in an automobile.
• the present invention is more particularly directed to a two terminal battery including dual batteries within a single case having two terminals.
• the present invention is directed to a two terminal dual battery system for use in an automobile.
• the system includes a housing unit which holds dual batteries and a micro-processor based controller requiring only two external terminals for connection to a typical automobile battery wiring system.
• the two batteries contained within a single case, share a common negative external terminal and a single positive external terminal.
• One of the batteries is permanently connected to the external terminals and the other battery, while permanently connected to the negative external terminal, is coupled to the positive external terminal via a electromechanical latching relay which when activated connects both batteries in parallel.
• the operation of the latching relay is controlled by a micro-processor operating under a control algorithm.
• the micro-processor operates in response to external parameters and sensed internal battery parameters.
• the relay is a pulse operated bi-stable state electro-mechan- ical relay.
• the relay also incorporates a state sensing electrode to give fully closed loop logic verification. All relay state transitions are variable time buffered with the main program containing appropriate degrees of redundancy and fail safe back-up systems.
• One of the battery sections is constructed for deep cyclic uses. This battery section is permanently connected to the external terminals and normally provides power to run auxiliary loads.
• the second battery section is constructed to fulfill requirements of low internal resistance and efficient short duration high current output. The second section is periodically connected to the external positive terminal via the latch relay.
• Figure 1 is a top view of the exterior of the battery of one embodiment of the present invention.
• Figure 2 is a side elevation view of the exterior of the battery of Figure 1.
• Figure 3 is an isometric view illustrating the interior elements of Figure 1.
• Figure 4 is a simplified electrical diagram of the embodiment of Figure 1 .
• Figure 5 is an external top view of the preferred embodiment of
• Figure 1 illustrating embedded conductors, a latching relay, and internal battery poles.
• Figure 6 is a top view of the exterior of a battery of another embodiment of the present invention.
• Figure 7 is a side elevation view of the exterior of the battery of
• Figure 8 is a simplified electrical diagram of the embodiment of Figure 6.
• Figure 9 is an external top view of the preferred embodiment of Figure 6, illustrating embedded conductors, a latching relay, and internal battery poles.
• FIGs 1 and 2 a two terminal dual battery apparatus according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
• the battery includes an external molded battery case 2 and lid 4.
• Incorporated into the lid 4 is an integral ventilation system 6.
• Also integrated into the lid 4 is a switch box 8 containing various electronics (discussed below).
• a first external terminal 10 serves as the positive terminal and extends from the lid 4.
• a second external terminal 44 acting as the negative terminal also extends from the lid 4.
• Figure 3 illustrates the internal elements of the battery including a starter section 20 and an auxiliary section 22 adjacent thereto.
• the starter section 20 includes a positive pole 14 and a negative pole 24.
• the starter section 20 has six plate groups 28 for providing high current duty-.
• the auxiliary section 22 includes a positive pole 26 and a negative pole 16.
• the auxiliary section 22 has six plate groups 30 for providing cyclic duty.
• the individual battery sections 20 and 22 may be lead acid batteries for providing the type of duty described above.
• a simplified electrical diagram of the preferred embodiment of the present invention is illustrated in Figure 4.
• the starter section 20 and the auxiliary section 22 are electrically coupled in parallel between external positive terminal 10 and external negative terminal 44.
• a latching electro-meCh-inical relay (L/R) 32 is connected between the starter section positive pole 14 and the auxiliary section positive pole 26.
• the L/R 32 is also electrically connected to a micro-processor and a control electronics section 34.
• the micro-processor and control electronics section 34 is electrically connected to the starter section positive pole 14, the auxiliary section positive pole 26, the starter section negative pole 24, and the auxiliary section negative pole 16.
• the micro-processor and control electronics section 34 opens and closes the L/R 32.
• the L/R 32 is opened, only the auxiliary section 22 is connected to the external battery terminals 10, 44.
• L/R 32 is closed, both the starter section 20 and the auxiliary section 22 are connected in parallel across the external battery terminals 10, 44.
• the conductor connections linking the internal'poles of the starter and auxiliary sections to the external poles are illustrated in Figure 5.
• the starter section positive pole 14 is linked to L/R 32 by a conductor 42.
• Another conductor 40 links the auxiliary section positive pole 26 to the external positive terminal 10 and the IJR 32.
• Yet another conductor 46 links the starter section negative pole 24 to the external negative terminal 44.
• the external negative terminal 44 is positioned above the auxiliary section negative pole 16 and is coupled thereto.
• the present invention includes an optional external negative pole link 18.
• the pole link 18 couples the auxiliary section negative pole 16 to yet another conductor 38 which is coupled the external negative terminal 44 and to the starter section negative pole 24.
• the micro-processor and control section 34 (hereinafter referred to as "the ⁇ P") monitors and detects various operating conditions of the battery. Based upon these conditions the ⁇ P 34 controls the L/R operation.
• the ⁇ P 34 continuously monitors the following parameters: the
• signals input to the ⁇ P 34 are preconditioned in various conventional ways, for example, R-C filtering.
• the ⁇ P 34 Upon detecting parameter inputs which match pre-programmed conditions, the ⁇ P 34 sends a signal to a L/R drive circuit to change the state of the L/R. The ⁇ P 34 then verifies the result of the change of state. .
• The. L/R drive circuit may comprise, for example a FET in series with a L/R coil. The source of the FET is connected to the negative power rail. The relay coil is connected between the drain of the FET and the positive STA section terminal 14. A protective diode is connected in reverse bias and parallel with the coil to suppress inductive fly-back voltages.
• the ⁇ P 34 applies a voltage signal to the gate of the FET.
• the voltage signal activates the FET thereby allowing current to flow.
• the current activates the coil which in turn closes the L/R 32.
• the ⁇ P 34 discontinues the voltage signal to the gate of the FET.
• a verify contact is included in the L/R housing.
• the verify contact is connected to the ⁇ P 34.
• the ⁇ P 34 determines that the L R 32 is closed or open based upon the potential at the verify contact. If the L/R 32 is to be closed, the ⁇ P 34 sends a voltage to the FET. The ⁇ P 34 then monitors the verify contact. If the ⁇ P 34 does not detect a potential at the verify contact it will pulse the FET again. It will repeat the pulse up to 15 times or until the L/R 32 closes.
• the ⁇ P 34 takes no further action until receipt of a valid instruction to open the L/R 32 from an "assumed closed” state. Re-verification takes place after cessation ⁇ fthe "opening" current pulse has been applied to the L/R 32 and an verification attempts register is reset to zero.
• the battery operates in five states recognized by the ⁇ P
• the present invention operates in the following manner.
• As a starting condition the battery is in state A. Both the starter -section 20 and the auxiliary section 22 of the battery are fully charged (normal state) and the L/R is in an open state. In this state, only the auxiliary section 22 is connected to a vehicle wiring system coupled to the battery via the external terminals 10, 44.
• the vehicle includes a vibration sensor (not shown) connected to the ⁇ P 34.
• the vibration sensor may be a piezo electric vibration detector circuit, for example.
• DVIB vibration detected flag
• the ⁇ P 34 checks V.. Since the ⁇ P 34 will find V, > 10.8V, the present battery configuration will be maintained, i.e. , only the AUX section connected to a starter motor. A key is set-to a start position engaging a starter solenoid to turn the starter motor. The high current drawn by the starter motor will cause the AUX section voltage V a to decrease. The ⁇ P 34 monitors V a . If V, remains above a first trigger point (10.8V for example) then the car will most likely start. If the car starts the ⁇ P 34 will not close the L/R 32. Once the vehicle starts and the starter motor load is removed, an alternator charges the AUX section, raising V a .
• V a drops below 10.8V
• the ⁇ P 34 will close the L/R 32, thereby combining the AUX section 22 and the STA 20 section in parallel for a greater combined voltage V c .
• the combination of DVIB True and V.
• ⁇ 10.8V monitored by the ⁇ P 34 causes the ⁇ P 34 to close the L/R 32.
• the starter motor is now driven by the combined voltage V c . Once the vehicle starts, the alternator will charge both the STA section 20 and the AUX section 22 in parallel.
• V a is initially less than 10.8V
• the ⁇ P 34 will automatically close the L/R 32 thereby combining the AUX section 22 and the STA section 20 before the starter solenoid is engaged-. This will ensure the best condition for starting the engine.
• the ⁇ P 34 also sets a counter to count to 30 seconds once the vehicle has started. If the L/R 32 has been closed (due either to initial finding of V. ⁇ 10.8 V or V a dropping below 10.8V as a result of start attempts) and no additional vibration is sensed during the 30 second period, DVIB will be set to false. If charging parameters, discussed below, do not require keeping the L/R closed, the ⁇ P 34 will open the L/R 32 and disconnect the STA section 20 from the AUX section 22.
• the ⁇ P 34 begins to monitor charging parameters. As discussed above, the L/R 32 may or may not be closed once the vehicle is started, depending upon the value of V a . The ⁇ P 34 monitors V a . If V a rises above 13V through recharging by the alternator charging system, the ⁇ P 34 will check the status of the L/R 32. If it is closed, it will remain closed and if it is open, the ⁇ P 34 will signal it to close. Once the L/R is closed, the charging system will charge both the AUX section 22 and the STA section 20, restoring both sections to their normal state of charge raising V c to a maximum value, as set by an external vehicle voltage regulator.
• both battery sections are charged with the voltage ultimately reaching a constant value, as determined by the vehicle's voltage regulator, for example, 14.2-14.7 volts. Under these conditions, excessive and prolonged charging of the STA section 20 may cause positive grid corrosion.
• the ⁇ P 34 implements a charge protection voltage (CPV) function. If V c exceeds 14V, the ⁇ P 34 sets a timer for a preselected period Tl, for example, 40 minutes. If V c remains greater than 14V for the period Tl the ⁇ P 34 opens the L/R 32.
• CPV charge protection voltage
• V s naturally decays to an equilibrium potential, for example, 13.2 volts.
• the ⁇ P 34 detects V s has reached the equilibrium potential, the ⁇ P 34 closes the L/R 32 and sets a timer for a preselected period T2, for example, 5 minutes. During this period the STA section 20 and the AUX section 22 charge in parallel.
• the ⁇ P 34 will open the L/R 32 again allowing the STA section voltage V s to decay.
• V $ falls below 13.2 volts the ⁇ P 34 will set the timer to period T2 again.
• the T2 period cycle will continue indefinitely until parameters require otherwise.
• V a falls below 12.8V the L/R 32 will be forced open for charging the AUX section 22 alone or if the engine, is turned off, the L/R will be forced open. If V c falls below 13.2V during either period Tl or T2, the timer will be reset to zero so that the next counter implemented will be the one that is reset.
• the AUX section 22 provide current to auxiliary loads that are not or can not be supported by the charging system. If the vehicle is idle and an auxiliary load is present and the L/R 32 is open, then the AUX section 22 alone drives the load. Under this circumstance the STA section 20 is isolated and V a will steadily decrease with time. In a vibration-free situation ' , the AUX section 22 can be fully discharged. However, if V a falls below a trigger point, for example, 10.8 volts and a vibration is sensed by the vibration sensor, e.g. , person entry, loud noises, etc. DVIB will be set to true and the L/R 32 will be closed.
• a trigger point for example, 10.8 volts and a vibration is sensed by the vibration sensor, e.g. , person entry, loud noises, etc.
• DVIB will be set to true and the L/R 32 will be closed.
• the AUX section 22 and the STA section 20 will be placed in parallel providing a common voltage V c (which is greater than 10.8V) to the auxiliary loads.
• V c which is greater than 10.8V
• the ⁇ P 34 monitors the vibration sensor for further vibrations. If no vibration is sensed for 30 seconds DVIB is set to false and the L/R 32 is opened. The ⁇ P 34 continuously monitors the vibration sensor. The process is repeated as called for by the vibration sensor.
• This condition can occur, for example, if the vehicle is in use and there is a charging system failure or long term overburden. If no external input is detected when the auxiliary voltage V a falls below the trigger point, then the L/R 32 will remain in the open state and the AUX section 22 is allowed to discharge to completion. This condition typically occurs if the vehicle is idle and some accessory, e.g., lights, is left on.
• the electronic circuits are dual supplied with current from both the STA section 20 and the AUX section 22.
• the ⁇ P 34 will enter a "sleep" mode.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Electrochemistry (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
• Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
• Secondary Cells (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Publications (1)

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• 1999
  • 1999-02-15 BR BR9917104-0A patent/BR9917104A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1999-02-15 JP JP2000599088A patent/JP2002541617A/ja not_active Withdrawn
  • 1999-02-15 WO PCT/IB1999/000666 patent/WO2000048259A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1999-02-15 AU AU30476/99A patent/AU3047699A/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1999-02-15 CN CN99815822A patent/CN1333928A/zh active Pending
  • 1999-02-15 MX MXPA01008209A patent/MXPA01008209A/es unknown
  • 1999-02-15 EP EP99911978A patent/EP1175703A1/en not_active Withdrawn
  • 1999-02-15 KR KR1020017008565A patent/KR20010108068A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1999-02-15 CA CA002359120A patent/CA2359120A1/en not_active Abandoned

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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