EP1173394A1 - Pyrotechnische wirkmasse zur erzeugung eines im infraroten stark emissiven und im visuellen undurchdringlichen aerosols - Google Patents
Pyrotechnische wirkmasse zur erzeugung eines im infraroten stark emissiven und im visuellen undurchdringlichen aerosolsInfo
- Publication number
- EP1173394A1 EP1173394A1 EP00901589A EP00901589A EP1173394A1 EP 1173394 A1 EP1173394 A1 EP 1173394A1 EP 00901589 A EP00901589 A EP 00901589A EP 00901589 A EP00901589 A EP 00901589A EP 1173394 A1 EP1173394 A1 EP 1173394A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- impenetrable
- aerosol
- red phosphorus
- pyrotechnic active
- alkali metal
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000002329 infrared spectrum Methods 0.000 title abstract 2
- 238000001429 visible spectrum Methods 0.000 title abstract 2
- 239000000443 aerosol Substances 0.000 title description 24
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910001963 alkali metal nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052752 metalloid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 150000002738 metalloids Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000010333 potassium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004323 potassium nitrate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229920001084 poly(chloroprene) Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 16
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 description 4
- NLSCHDZTHVNDCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N caesium nitrate Chemical compound [Cs+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O NLSCHDZTHVNDCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 description 4
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 3
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphine Chemical compound P XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3C=C21 MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000711 cancerogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 231100000315 carcinogenic Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 description 2
- YWEUIGNSBFLMFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphosphonate Chemical compound O=P(=O)OP(=O)=O YWEUIGNSBFLMFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- IIPYXGDZVMZOAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium nitrate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O IIPYXGDZVMZOAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- DLYUQMMRRRQYAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorus pentoxide Inorganic materials O1P(O2)(=O)OP3(=O)OP1(=O)OP2(=O)O3 DLYUQMMRRRQYAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000005575 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium nitrate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000006829 Ficus sundaica Species 0.000 description 1
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LGRFSURHDFAFJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phthalic anhydride Natural products C1=CC=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=C1 LGRFSURHDFAFJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910006249 ZrSi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003916 acid precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000272 alkali metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001491 aromatic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002238 attenuated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000987 azo dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008033 biological extinction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000010290 biphenyl Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000004074 biphenyls Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- JHIWVOJDXOSYLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl 2,2-difluorocyclopropane-1-carboxylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C1CC1(F)F JHIWVOJDXOSYLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001311 chemical methods and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000463 ecotoxicology Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005923 long-lasting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000873 masking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000620 organic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- VQYKQHDWCVUGBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphanylidynezirconium Chemical compound [Zr]#P VQYKQHDWCVUGBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003003 phosphines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000073 phosphorus hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052701 rubidium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RTHYXYOJKHGZJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N rubidium nitrate Inorganic materials [Rb+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O RTHYXYOJKHGZJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010344 sodium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004317 sodium nitrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001931 thermography Methods 0.000 description 1
- ADDWXBZCQABCGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium(iii) phosphide Chemical compound [Ti]#P ADDWXBZCQABCGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- KHAUBYTYGDOYRU-IRXASZMISA-N trospectomycin Chemical compound CN[C@H]([C@H]1O2)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](NC)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O[C@H]1[C@]2(O)C(=O)C[C@@H](CCCC)O1 KHAUBYTYGDOYRU-IRXASZMISA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06D—MEANS FOR GENERATING SMOKE OR MIST; GAS-ATTACK COMPOSITIONS; GENERATION OF GAS FOR BLASTING OR PROPULSION (CHEMICAL PART)
- C06D3/00—Generation of smoke or mist (chemical part)
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F41—WEAPONS
- F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
- F41H3/00—Camouflage, i.e. means or methods for concealment or disguise
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a human and ecotoxicologically compatible pyrotechnic active substance consisting of red phosphorus, a metallic fuel from the group of transition metals, preferably titanium, zirconium or iron, a moderator from the group of metalloids boron and silicon, an oxidizing agent from the Group of alkali metal nitrates, preferably cesium nitrate and potassium nitrate, which is suitable for producing a highly emissive in the infrared (3-5, 8-14 ⁇ m) and visually impenetrable aerosol.
- a human and ecotoxicologically compatible pyrotechnic active substance consisting of red phosphorus, a metallic fuel from the group of transition metals, preferably titanium, zirconium or iron, a moderator from the group of metalloids boron and silicon, an oxidizing agent from the Group of alkali metal nitrates, preferably cesium nitrate and potassium nitrate, which is suitable for producing a highly emiss
- aerosols While colored aerosols based on organic azo dyes (white, orange, red, violet, green, blue) that only absorb in the visible range of the spectrum are preferably used for marking and simulating, aerosols are preferably used for camouflage, deception and masking. which also includes the infrared range of the electromagnetic spectrum, especially in the range of the atmospheric transmission window at 0.3 - 1, 5; 1, 6 - 1, 8; 2.0-2.5; Interrupt 3.0-5.0 and 8.0-14 ⁇ m using various mechanisms. These mechanisms include the scattering, absorption and emission of radiation. Scattering and absorption of radiation are described by the Lambert-Beer law.
- I describes the radiation intensity attenuated by the interactions
- l 0 represents the initial intensity
- c corresponds to the concentration of the aerosol per unit volume
- / is the path length assumed by the aerosol cloud to be the isotropic density
- ⁇ is the wavelength-dependent mass extinction coefficient of the aerosol particles that occurs at a given Composing the substance as the sum of the scattering and absorption coefficients:
- the scattering process mainly depends on the particle morphology and size of the particles, the absorption is only determined by the chemical composition of the particles. Only the refractive index m of an aerosol, which is determined both by the physical and chemical properties, influences both the scattering and the absorption behavior.
- the particle diameter assuming the particles' spherical morphology, and the wavelength of the radiation to be scattered must be identical. This means that for optimal scattering of radiation in the micrometer range there must be particles with particle diameters of 0.3 - 14 ⁇ m.
- Such particles can be generated in an established manner by the following processes:
- the aerosols described under a) and b) contribute to the absorption of infrared radiation due to their chemical composition. Both carbon black and brass dust are electrically conductive and therefore suitable for coupling infrared radiation.
- DE 40 30 430 describes an active composition which, when burned, produces aromatic radicals which react to polyaromatics, which form voluminous agglomerates, through a coordinated quantitative ratio of magnesium powder, a fluorinated organic polymer, chlorinated paraffin and an aromatic compound, in particular anthracene or phthalic anhydride with a fibrous structure have diameters in the range of 1 - 20 ⁇ m, which are suitable for IR radiation scattering and absorption and still float in the air due to the large specific surface.
- a burning rate of approx. 15 g / sec. are adhered to, so that the covering effect starts relatively late. It is therefore further proposed in this patent to add a fast-burning mixture of fluorine-containing polymer, magnesium powder and an organic binder, which produces a strong IR emission in the short term when burning and thus closes the initial coverage gap.
- a disadvantage of this process is that the polyaromatics formed also contain carcinogenic substances and the emissive effect quickly subsides due to the use of magnesium.
- the object of the present invention was therefore to develop a new camouflage mist which, in addition to being impenetrable in the visible range, also enables long-lasting coverage in the IR range.
- the main constituents of the mist sets according to the invention contain red phosphorus, an alkali metal nitrate such as lithium nitrate, sodium nitrate, potassium nitrate, rubidium nitrate and cesium nitrate, or a mixture thereof, and, as secondary constituents, a metallic fuel from the group of transition metals such as titanium, zirconium or iron or one metal-rich alloy or compound of these elements such as TiH, Zr / Ni, Zr / Fe or ZrSi 2 , at least one metalloid such as boron or silicon or an electron-donating compound of these elements, and a polymeric organic binder.
- transition metals such as titanium, zirconium or iron or one metal-rich alloy or compound of these elements such as TiH, Zr / Ni, Zr / Fe or ZrSi 2
- at least one metalloid such as boron or silicon or an electron-donating compound of these elements
- a polymeric organic binder a polymeric organic binder
- red phosphorus serves as a carrier for the transmission-damping effect in the visible range. that under certain circumstances the red phosphorus also acts as a carrier of the emissive effect in the infrared range.
- the red phosphorus is largely evaporated during the conversion of the energetic components nitrate / metal / metalloid (Eq. 3) and burns to phosphorus pentoxide in the presence of atmospheric oxygen according to equation (4).
- Phosphorus pentoxide reacts with the air humidity according to equation 5 to phosphoric acid.
- alkali metal nitrates according to the invention as an oxidizing agent provides alkali metal oxides during combustion, which in the presence of atmospheric moisture acc. Eq. 6 react to the hydroxides.
- the aerosol droplets formed have a size of 0.01 - 2 ⁇ m and therefore high absorption and scattering coefficients in the visible and short-wave infrared range of 0.3 - 1, 9 ⁇ m and low damping values in the medium and long-wave infrared range of 2 - 14 ⁇ m. Notwithstanding this, the heat generated by reactions 4 - 6, but in particular in steps 7 and 8, ensures a strong emission of the aerosol droplets in the middle and long-wave infrared, and thus compensates for the low scattering and absorption coefficients in this spectral range.
- the heat development according to the invention occurs in part through chemical processes which are only possible through the delayed formation of the aerosol droplets, so that they are emissive Effect 50 - 200 se ⁇ , ie for the time necessary for camouflage.
- transition metals according to the invention whose oxides have high heat of formation, such as zirconium and titanium, and metalloids such as boron and / or silicon, very high combustion temperatures are achieved, which is why the aerosol particles receive high thermal energy, which increases the emission in the long-wave IR.
- the use according to the invention of the transition metals and their alloys or metal-rich compounds further suppresses the formation of phosphine formers.
- the metal phosphides eg zirconium phosphide or titanium phosphide
- the metal phosphides formed during the combustion due to the underbalance of oxygen have a non-ionic character, which is why there is no hydrolysis or acidolysis with the release of phosphines with atmospheric humidity or acid rain. Therefore, fog sets according to the invention are compatible with human and ecotoxicology and considerably safer than conventional fog sets based on red phosphorus and light metal such as magnesium or aluminum. This also means that the self-inflammability of the burn-up residues, which typically occurs with fog sets based on red phosphorus, is no longer present.
- a doughy batch is produced by gradually adding the components to the red phosphorus.
- the solvent-moist mass is sieved (7 mm mesh size) and dried for 20 minutes in vacuo at 40 ° C. and 20 mbar.
- the 42 g of granulate are pressed with a pressure of 20 tons into ring-shaped pressings with an edge height of 10 mm, an outside diameter of 57 mm and an inside diameter of 15 mm.
- One tablet has a burning time of approx. 35 seconds and provides a visually dense white fog.
- Radiometric measurement of the resulting aerosol at a distance of 4 m from the source reveals the following radiation levels in the infrared range:
- FIG. 1 shows the jet strength of the aerosol clouds which are produced by burning off a compact of the mass 120 g, which has been processed according to the invention, at a distance of 5 m from the source.
- very good irradiation > 95%) of emissive targets, the color temperature 300 ° C., is achieved.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
- Air Bags (AREA)
- Radiation-Therapy Devices (AREA)
- Cosmetics (AREA)
- Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
- Compounds Of Alkaline-Earth Elements, Aluminum Or Rare-Earth Metals (AREA)
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19914097 | 1999-03-27 | ||
| DE19914097A DE19914097A1 (de) | 1999-03-27 | 1999-03-27 | Pyrotechnische Wirkmasse zur Erzeugung eines im Infraroten stark emissiven und im Visuellen undurchdringlichen Aerosols |
| PCT/EP2000/000498 WO2000058237A1 (de) | 1999-03-27 | 2000-01-24 | Pyrotechnische wirkmasse zur erzeugung eines im infraroten stark emissiven und im visuellen undurchdringlichen aerosols |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1173394A1 true EP1173394A1 (de) | 2002-01-23 |
| EP1173394B1 EP1173394B1 (de) | 2004-03-17 |
| EP1173394B9 EP1173394B9 (de) | 2004-10-13 |
Family
ID=7902742
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP00901589A Expired - Lifetime EP1173394B9 (de) | 1999-03-27 | 2000-01-24 | Pyrotechnische wirkmasse zur erzeugung eines im infraroten stark emissiven und im visuellen undurchdringlichen aerosols |
Country Status (11)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6581520B1 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP1173394B9 (de) |
| JP (1) | JP2002540058A (de) |
| AT (1) | ATE261921T1 (de) |
| DE (2) | DE19914097A1 (de) |
| DK (1) | DK1173394T3 (de) |
| ES (1) | ES2218106T3 (de) |
| IL (1) | IL145133A0 (de) |
| PT (1) | PT1173394E (de) |
| TR (1) | TR200102777T2 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2000058237A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (24)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE10226507A1 (de) | 2002-06-14 | 2003-12-24 | Diehl Munitionssysteme Gmbh | Nebelwurfkörper |
| FR2849690B1 (fr) * | 2003-01-08 | 2006-08-18 | Lacroix Soc E | Dispositif de protection notamment pour vehicules terrestres |
| US8414718B2 (en) * | 2004-01-14 | 2013-04-09 | Lockheed Martin Corporation | Energetic material composition |
| DE102004018862A1 (de) * | 2004-04-19 | 2005-11-03 | Diehl Bgt Defence Gmbh & Co. Kg | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung eines Infrarot-Flächenstrahlers |
| DE102004024857B4 (de) * | 2004-05-19 | 2008-07-10 | Diehl Bgt Defence Gmbh & Co. Kg | Pyrotechnischer Satz |
| DE102004047231B4 (de) * | 2004-09-28 | 2008-08-21 | Rheinmetall Waffe Munition Gmbh | Wirkkörper |
| US20060219341A1 (en) | 2005-03-30 | 2006-10-05 | Johnston Harold E | Heavy metal free, environmentally green percussion primer and ordnance and systems incorporating same |
| DE102005020159B4 (de) * | 2005-04-29 | 2007-10-04 | Rheinmetall Waffe Munition Gmbh | Tarn- und Täuschmunition zum Schutz von Objekten gegen Lenkflugkörper |
| US7343861B1 (en) | 2005-05-31 | 2008-03-18 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Device and method for producing an infrared emission at a given wavelength |
| US8540828B2 (en) | 2008-08-19 | 2013-09-24 | Alliant Techsystems Inc. | Nontoxic, noncorrosive phosphorus-based primer compositions and an ordnance element including the same |
| US8641842B2 (en) | 2011-08-31 | 2014-02-04 | Alliant Techsystems Inc. | Propellant compositions including stabilized red phosphorus, a method of forming same, and an ordnance element including the same |
| US7857921B2 (en) * | 2006-03-02 | 2010-12-28 | Alliant Techsystems Inc. | Nontoxic, noncorrosive phosphorus-based primer compositions |
| RU2342178C2 (ru) * | 2006-03-17 | 2008-12-27 | Владимир Иванович Селиверстов | Термохимический аэрозолеобразующий состав |
| US8192568B2 (en) | 2007-02-09 | 2012-06-05 | Alliant Techsystems Inc. | Non-toxic percussion primers and methods of preparing the same |
| US8202377B2 (en) * | 2007-02-09 | 2012-06-19 | Alliant Techsystems Inc. | Non-toxic percussion primers and methods of preparing the same |
| WO2009048599A1 (en) | 2007-10-09 | 2009-04-16 | The Trustees Of Columbia University In The City Of New York | Friend or foe detection |
| US7946228B2 (en) * | 2008-05-09 | 2011-05-24 | Wendy Gainsborough, legal representative | Self contained non toxic obscurant grenade and self-contained aerosol dispersing grenade |
| DE102008033494A1 (de) | 2008-07-16 | 2010-01-21 | Diehl Bgt Defence Gmbh & Co. Kg | Nebeltopf |
| DE102008036649A1 (de) | 2008-08-06 | 2010-02-18 | Diehl Bgt Defence Gmbh & Co. Kg | Wirkmittel zur wahlweisen Herbeiführung einer Detonation oder einer Deflagration |
| DE102008060573B4 (de) * | 2008-12-04 | 2016-08-11 | Diehl Bgt Defence Gmbh & Co. Kg | Pyrotechnische Wirkmasse zur Erzeugung eines Tarnnebels |
| US20120055949A1 (en) * | 2009-02-11 | 2012-03-08 | Saab Ab | Decoy material package, a dispenser and a method for dispensing decoy material |
| US8206522B2 (en) | 2010-03-31 | 2012-06-26 | Alliant Techsystems Inc. | Non-toxic, heavy-metal free sensitized explosive percussion primers and methods of preparing the same |
| DE102013002119A1 (de) * | 2013-02-08 | 2014-08-28 | Rheinmetall Waffe Munition Gmbh | Explosivstofffreies Geschoss zur Erzeugung einer thermischen Signatur |
| KR101478643B1 (ko) * | 2014-08-14 | 2015-01-02 | 국방과학연구소 | 팽창 흑연과 적린을 이용한 연소형 다영역 차장 연막제 |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5522320A (en) | 1993-07-12 | 1996-06-04 | Thiokol Corporation | Low-toxicity obscuring smoke formulation |
Family Cites Families (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE301646C (de) | ||||
| US3730093A (en) * | 1966-12-27 | 1973-05-01 | North American Rockwell | Explosive apparatus |
| DE2412346A1 (de) * | 1974-03-14 | 1975-09-25 | Buck Kg | Handabfeuerungsgeraet mit brandladung |
| DE2819850C2 (de) * | 1978-05-05 | 1980-03-20 | Buck Chemisch-Technische Werke Gmbh & Co, 8230 Bad Reichenhall | Pyrotechnischer Nebelsatz |
| DE3028933C1 (de) * | 1980-07-30 | 1989-11-23 | Buck Chem Tech Werke | Hochbelastbarer Nebelformkoerper mit Breitbandtarnwirkung |
| DE3031369C2 (de) * | 1980-08-20 | 1987-01-02 | Pyrotechnische Fabrik F. Feistel GmbH + Co KG, 6719 Göllheim | Pyrotechnische Ladung aus Nebelsatz und Anzündsatz und Verfahren zur Herstellung der Nebelmischung und des Anzündsatzes |
| FR2560371B1 (fr) | 1982-07-27 | 1989-03-31 | France Etat Armement | Procede d'occultation des rayonnements visible et infrarouge et munition fumigene mettant en oeuvre ce procede |
| DE3238444C2 (de) * | 1982-10-16 | 1986-10-30 | Pyrotechnische Fabrik F. Feistel GmbH + Co KG, 6719 Göllheim | Pyrotechnische Nebelsätze |
| US4534810A (en) * | 1984-01-30 | 1985-08-13 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Red phosphorous smoke producing composition |
| GB2206343B (en) * | 1987-06-17 | 1990-03-07 | Secr Defence Brit | Smoke producing composition for pyrotechnic markers, method for the production thereof and pyrotechnic markers containing same. |
| DE4030430C1 (de) * | 1990-09-26 | 1993-12-02 | Buck Chem Tech Werke | IR-undurchlässigen Nebel erzeugende Zusammensetzung |
| DE4327976C1 (de) * | 1993-08-19 | 1995-01-05 | Buck Chem Tech Werke | Flaremasse zur Scheinzielerzeugung |
| US5834680A (en) * | 1995-09-22 | 1998-11-10 | Cordant Technologies Inc. | Black body decoy flare compositions for thrusted applications and methods of use |
| US6427599B1 (en) * | 1997-08-29 | 2002-08-06 | Bae Systems Integrated Defense Solutions Inc. | Pyrotechnic compositions and uses therefore |
-
1999
- 1999-03-27 DE DE19914097A patent/DE19914097A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2000
- 2000-01-24 JP JP2000607944A patent/JP2002540058A/ja active Pending
- 2000-01-24 DE DE50005691T patent/DE50005691D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-01-24 IL IL14513300A patent/IL145133A0/xx unknown
- 2000-01-24 US US09/937,619 patent/US6581520B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-01-24 TR TR2001/02777T patent/TR200102777T2/xx unknown
- 2000-01-24 EP EP00901589A patent/EP1173394B9/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-01-24 DK DK00901589T patent/DK1173394T3/da active
- 2000-01-24 AT AT00901589T patent/ATE261921T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-01-24 ES ES00901589T patent/ES2218106T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-01-24 WO PCT/EP2000/000498 patent/WO2000058237A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2000-01-24 PT PT00901589T patent/PT1173394E/pt unknown
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5522320A (en) | 1993-07-12 | 1996-06-04 | Thiokol Corporation | Low-toxicity obscuring smoke formulation |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
| Title |
|---|
| COUKLING J.A.: "Chemistry of Pyrotechnics_basic Principles and Theory", 1985, MARCELL DEKKER, INC., NEW YORK, article "White Smoke Production", pages: 172 - 174, XP002959747 |
| DR. HERBERT ELLERN: "Pyrotechnics-Fundamentals of Applied Physical Pyrochemistry", 1961, CHEMICAL PUBLISHING CO.,INC, NEW YORK, article "Explosives, Propellants and Pyrotechnics", pages: 115 - 137, XP002959746 |
| ROYAL MILITARY COLLEGE OF SCIENCE, SHRIVINHUM, UK: "Explosives, Propellants and Pyrotechnics", 1989, BRASSEY'S, LONDON, article "RED PHOSPHORUS", pages: 241 - 243, 276, XP002959748 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP1173394B9 (de) | 2004-10-13 |
| ATE261921T1 (de) | 2004-04-15 |
| DK1173394T3 (da) | 2004-07-19 |
| WO2000058237A1 (de) | 2000-10-05 |
| IL145133A0 (en) | 2002-06-30 |
| PT1173394E (pt) | 2004-07-30 |
| EP1173394B1 (de) | 2004-03-17 |
| DE50005691D1 (de) | 2004-04-29 |
| US6581520B1 (en) | 2003-06-24 |
| ES2218106T3 (es) | 2004-11-16 |
| JP2002540058A (ja) | 2002-11-26 |
| TR200102777T2 (tr) | 2002-01-21 |
| DE19914097A1 (de) | 2000-09-28 |
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