EP1171935B1 - Elektrischer kleinleistungsschaltmechanismus mit aktiven material und zugehöriger steuerschaltung - Google Patents

Elektrischer kleinleistungsschaltmechanismus mit aktiven material und zugehöriger steuerschaltung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1171935B1
EP1171935B1 EP00927432A EP00927432A EP1171935B1 EP 1171935 B1 EP1171935 B1 EP 1171935B1 EP 00927432 A EP00927432 A EP 00927432A EP 00927432 A EP00927432 A EP 00927432A EP 1171935 B1 EP1171935 B1 EP 1171935B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
planar
electrical
active material
slide member
voltage
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP00927432A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1171935A1 (de
Inventor
Simon Powell
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PBT IP Ltd
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PBT IP Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
    • H01H71/10—Operating or release mechanisms
    • H01H71/12—Automatic release mechanisms with or without manual release
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H83/00—Protective switches, e.g. circuit-breaking switches, or protective relays operated by abnormal electrical conditions otherwise than solely by excess current
    • H01H83/20—Protective switches, e.g. circuit-breaking switches, or protective relays operated by abnormal electrical conditions otherwise than solely by excess current operated by excess current as well as by some other abnormal electrical condition
    • H01H83/22—Protective switches, e.g. circuit-breaking switches, or protective relays operated by abnormal electrical conditions otherwise than solely by excess current operated by excess current as well as by some other abnormal electrical condition the other condition being imbalance of two or more currents or voltages
    • H01H83/226—Protective switches, e.g. circuit-breaking switches, or protective relays operated by abnormal electrical conditions otherwise than solely by excess current operated by excess current as well as by some other abnormal electrical condition the other condition being imbalance of two or more currents or voltages with differential transformer
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
    • H01H71/10—Operating or release mechanisms
    • H01H71/12—Automatic release mechanisms with or without manual release
    • H01H71/127—Automatic release mechanisms with or without manual release using piezoelectric, electrostrictive or magnetostrictive trip units
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
    • H01H71/10—Operating or release mechanisms
    • H01H71/12—Automatic release mechanisms with or without manual release
    • H01H71/40—Combined electrothermal and electromagnetic mechanisms

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to electrical switching mechanisms and more particularly to such mechanisms when used in electrical safety equipment such as residual current circuit breakers, and to an electrical drive circuit suitable for use with such mechanisms.
  • RCDs Residual Current Devices
  • This term covers Residual Current Circuit Breakers which are not equipped with current limiting capabilities and Residual Current Breakers with Overload which have current limiting portions.
  • RCDs function by comparing the current flowing within the live and neutral conductors, on the principle that it should be equal and opposite. A variation in the currents indicates a leakage from the circuit which is usually indicative of a fire risk or a human in danger of electrocution.
  • RCDs are manufactured in many formats, such as adaptors, plugs, electric socket outlets and consumer unit devices. In performance terms, devices can be divided into two specific types.
  • Line Dependent devices use electronic processing to measure the differential current and to then trigger an actuator that causes the circuit to be opened. These devices benefit from being flexible and consistent, because their trip level can be set by the selection of threshold resistors, and the tripping action is not reliant upon the energy within the fault, as the electronics can call upon the mains supply to power the actuator.
  • Line independent devices utilise the energy from the fault itself to initiate the tripping action. This is most commonly achieved through the use of a permanent magnet relay.
  • the principles of permanent relays are well-known, but to summarise a moveable metal part is held in a first position by means of a suitable permanent magnet which is surrounded by a coil. When a fault current flows it induces a current within a toroidal transformer connected to the coil surrounding the magnet The current flow is rectified such that is associated magnetic field opposes that of the permanent magnet until the moveable piece is freed.
  • the mating surfaces of the metal parts must be of exceptional flatness, and the system must be totally clean. The flattening and assembly processes are consequently expensive.
  • DE 3 723 568 which describes a residual current device which is provided with a current transformer whose secondary circuit contains a rectangular wave-form generator and a measurement resistor that is arranged to provide an output drive voltage to an evaluation unit in response to any current imbalance between the respective currents having in a first and second primary coil of the transformer. Further, a trip unit is disclosed which is arranged to trip when the output drive voltage exceeds a threshold. During normal operation the transformer is close to saturation.
  • a drive arrangement for a residual current device comprising a drive circuit and an active material bender, the circuit comprising a transformer having a first primary coil and a second primary coil and a secondary coil arranged to provide an output drive voltage in response to any current imbalance between the respective electric currents flowing in the first and second primary coils; wherein the transformer is further arranged to saturate at a level of current imbalance less than a level indicative of a fault condition, such that the output drive voltage from the secondary coil is supplied to actuate the active material bender.
  • the drive circuit there is further provided voltage rectifying means arranged to rectify the output drive voltage.
  • the preferred embodiment preferably further comprises voltage multiplier means arranged to multiply the output drive voltage to an operational level.
  • the saturation level of the transformer is preferably much lower than the current imbalance level indicative of a fault condition, and in a preferred embodiment the transformer is arranged to saturate at 50% of the current imbalance level indicative of a fault condition in an electrical circuit to which the drive circuit of the present invention is connected.
  • the first primary coil and the second primary coil are each provided with the same number n 1 turns, and the secondary coil is provided with n 2 turns, wherein n 2 is greater than n 1 , the coupling between the primary coil and the secondary coil therefore providing a step-up in the voltage across the secondary coil with respect to the primary coils.
  • the output drive voltage produced by the drive circuit of the present invention is preferably caused to be at a higher voltage with lower power than otherwise would be present.
  • the saturation of the transformer at a level of current imbalance less than the trip level causes a large back-EMF to be generated across the secondary coil with each saturated pulse.
  • This feature provides the advantage that the generated back-EMF, which is of a high voltage, but low power, can be used to drive an active material bender manufactured from piezo-ceramics, which generally requires a low power high voltage electric field for correct operation.
  • the present invention also provides an electrical switching mechanism comprising a drive arrangement according to the first aspect of the present invention arranged to drive an electrical actuator means; the mechanism further comprising an electrical switching means arranged to open one or more electrical contacts provided in an electrical circuit in response to said electrical actuator means when the drive circuit detects a fault condition in the electrical circuit.
  • the electrical switching means of the electrical switching mechanism preferably comprises a planar frame member provided with a profiled channel, and latching means arranged to latch the planar slide member within the profiled channel, the latching means being responsive to the electrical actuator means to latch or release the slide member to close or open the one or more electrical contacts.
  • the electrical actuator means comprises a planar active material bender as disclosed in our earlier International Application No WO98/40917.
  • the planar active material bender is arranged to be laminated to the planar frame member in order to produce a low profile device.
  • the active material bender when acting as the electrical actuator is further arranged to move out of the plane of action of the latching means upon actuation.
  • the latching means comprises a rotatable pawl arranged to latch the slide member when held in a first position by the electrical actuator.
  • the electrical actuator comprises the active material bender
  • the rotatable pawl is freed to rotate to allow the slide member to release.
  • a spring means is further provided arranged to bias the slide member out of the profiled channel provided in the frame member.
  • a relatively large mechanical movement in the form of the release of the slide member can be obtained from a relatively small movement of the electrical actuator means.
  • the mechanism of the present invention is particularly suitable for use with active material benders using material such as piezo-ceramics which require high drive fields to produce relatively little movement.
  • the relatively large movement of the slide member upon release can be used to trigger a further mechanism such as, for example, a circuit breaker mechanism.
  • the present invention has two aspects, being respectively a drive circuit, and an electrical switching mechanism which employs the drive circuit for generation of the necessary drive voltage.
  • a preferred embodiment of the drive circuit according to the first aspect of the present invention will now be described with respect to Figure 1.
  • a drive circuit comprises a toroidal transformer 70 having a first primary coil 66 arranged to carry a load current I 1 from the live contact of a voltage source 64 such as, for example, the mains, to a load 74.
  • the first primary coil 66 consists of a single turn around the toroidal core of the transformer 70.
  • a second primary coil 72 is further provided consisting of a single turn around the toroidal core, and arranged to carry a current I n from the load 74 back to the neutral contact of the voltage source 64.
  • a secondary coil 68 comprising a plurality of turns around the transformer core is further provided on the core of the toroidal transformer 70.
  • a smoothing capacitor 78 is further provided connected across the output of the diode bridge rectifier 76 in order to smooth the rectified voltage prior to multiplication in the voltage multiplier 61.
  • the voltage multiplier 61 may be any convenient multiplication means or circuit elements apparent to the man skilled in the art.
  • the output drive voltage E from the secondary coil is shown as being rectified by the diode bridge rectifier 76 prior to multiplication in the multiplier 61, this order is not essential to the operation of the present invention, and it may of course be possible that the order of the rectifier 76 and the multiplier 61 be reversed, in that the AC voltage output from the secondary coil may be multiplied by the multiplier 61 prior to rectification by the bridge rectifier 76.
  • either one or other or both of the rectifier 76 (including the smoothing capacitor 78) and the voltage multiplier 61 may be omitted from the drive circuit of the present invention.
  • the drive circuit of the present invention operates as the sensing means on an RCD, and in particular the provision of the transformer allows for accurate current imbalance sensing, as will be explained more fully below.
  • the primary coils 66 and 72 comprise only a single turn, while the secondary coil 68 has a large number of turns, and typically more than 1000.
  • High permeability materials such as Nickel Iron are used to increase the overall inductance of the system.
  • the drive circuit of the present invention having the aforementioned construction operates in the following manner.
  • E -Ldi/dt.
  • the magnetic fields associated with the respective currents flowing through the two primary coils cease to be equal and opposite, resulting in an induced voltage in the secondary coil 68.
  • the induced waveform is sinusoidal with the same frequency and phase as the voltage supply 64 to match the fault current, but as the fault current increases the toroidal transformer is arranged to saturate and the output voltage waveform E across the secondary coil 74 becomes spiked. In traditional electro-mechanical relays this is a disadvantage, because the power delivered decreases.
  • E the Voltage
  • L the system inductance
  • di/dt the rate of change of current over time.
  • the saturation of the magnetic core results in a very high di/dt and so the voltage across the secondary coil goes up.
  • the present invention utilizes this behaviour in order to generate an initially high voltage from the toroidal transformer.
  • the magnetic core of the transformer is designed to saturate at a point around 50% of the trip value, the trip value being the level of current imbalance between the two primary coils indicative of a fault condition.
  • the induced voltage waveform E across the secondary coil is preferably rectified in a bridge diode circuit 76, and smoothed with a smoothing capacitor 78.
  • the thus rectified and smoothed signal is then fed to a voltage multiplier circuit 61 for multiplication by a convenient factor such as two or three up to an operating level V.
  • the output signal V may then be used to drive an electrical switching mechanism, as will be described later.
  • an oscillator circuit and appropriate control chip are further provided arranged to control the switching of the current through the secondary coil.
  • Such operation is similar to that of a switched mode power supply, where the sudden switching off of the current in an inductor is used to create a high voltage pulse, where the timing of the disconnection is governed by the voltage across a reference resistor. If such switching is undertaken very rapidly using the oscillator circuit, then high voltages can be created.
  • the necessary operating voltages can be obtained from the toroidal transformer.
  • the present invention also provides an electrical switching mechanism which employs the drive circuit to indicate a fault condition and initiate switching, and a preferred electrical switching mechanism according to the second aspect of the invention will now be described with reference to Figures 2 and 3.
  • the electrical switching mechanism according to the present embodiment and shown in the accompanying drawings is constructed from a number of layers of sheet material.
  • the relative thickness of the different layers are chosen having regard to the different functions to be performed by the layers and this also applies to the material utilised.
  • the material is metal strip in which the thickness is readily controlled to acceptable limits by the fabrication process. Thicknesses of 0.15 millimetres to 0.2 millimetres have been found to be suitable but other thicknesses can be used as can other materials for certain of the layers. It is not necessary for the layers to be metal or conductive and in fact, in some instances it may well be an advantage for the layers to be insulative or self lubricating by being manufactured from a suitable plastics material.
  • the switching mechanism comprises a substrate 10 to which are attached a stack of other layers the stack comprising a planar frame member 12, a planar spacer member 14, and a planar bimorph layer 16 in that order from the substrate 10.
  • a planar slide member 18 is further provided arranged to slide within a profiled channel 30 formed in the frame 12 and the slider is formed with an extension 32 which extends beyond the open end of the profiled channel 30 in the frame 12.
  • the slider 18 is formed with a slot 34 provided in the extension 32, the slot being arranged to receive a spring 36, with one end of the spring being located on a spring seat 37 provided with the slot, with the other end of the spring 36 in engagement with a spring seat 38 provided on one of the other layers, and in this case the spacer layer 14.
  • the slider member is capable of being latched against the action of the spring 36 by means of a rotatable pawl 40.
  • the pawl 40 is mounted for rotation by means of a bearing 41 provided in the preferred embodiment on the spacer 14 but which may also be provided on the substrate 10.
  • the spacer is also further provided with an aperture 42 through which the operable, movable tip 44 of the piezo bimorph extends in order to control the rotation of the pawl 40 and thus the release or latching of the slider 18.
  • the profiled channel 30 in the frame 12 is specially shaped so that the slider 18, although being largely movable linearly in the direction of the arrow X under the action of the spring 36 is also capable of slight lateral or rotational motion.
  • the profiled channel narrows near the open end 64 of the channel so as to restrict the stroke of the slider which is formed with protrusions 46 wider than the narrow open end of the channel 64.
  • the pawl 40 has a semi circular portion 48 arranged to be received in a corresponding portion 50 of the profile channel so as to be capable of angular movement in the direction of the arrow A (shown as clockwise within the drawing) within the profile channel.
  • the pawl is further formed with a shaped recess 52 arranged to receive a correspondingly-shaped projection 54 on the end of the slider 18 remote from the spring 36.
  • the shape and size of the meeting projection 54 and recess 52 are carefully designed to provide a specific burst force and the slider is also provided with an additional angled latching surface 56 arranged to slidably engage a corresponding angled latching surface 58 provided on the frame 12.
  • the angles of the respective latching surfaces 56 and 58 are such that the force exerted by the spring 36 upon the slider 18 when the slider 18 is latched causes the latching surface 56 to press against the latching surface 58, the reaction force generated by the latching surface 58 causing a turning moment to be applied to the slider 18 in the direction of the arrow B, shown as anticlockwise on the drawing.
  • Figure 3 illustrates a cross-section of the various layers when assembled.
  • the piezo-bimorph 16 is provided with a pin member 44 which extends through aperture 42 provided in the spacer to engage with the pawl 40.
  • the pin member 44 corresponds to the depth of the spacer 14 and the slider 18, and this is typically 0.35mm.
  • the pin member 44 is provided on the operating end of the piezo-bimorph 16 such that when the piezo-bimorph 16 is actuated the pin member 44 is moved out of the plane of rotation of the pawl 40 in the direction of the arrow C to such an extent that the pawl 40 becomes free to rotate in the direction of the arrow A.
  • the pawl 40 is shown mounted on a bearing 41 (not shown) provided on the spacer 14, although it will also be possible to provide the bearing 41 on the substrate 10.
  • the shape of the meeting surfaces of the projection 54 and recess 52 in combination with the shape of the meeting surfaces 56 and 58 under the action of the force exerted by the spring 36 causes the slider 18 to start to pivot in the direction of the arrow B which in turn forces the pawl 40 to rotate in the direction of the arrow A until such time as the pawl 40 releases the projection 54 which permits free movement of the slider 18 firstly in an arcuate direction in the direction of the arrow B and subsequently in the direction of the arrow X so that the extension 32 of the slider 18 can be used to activate a further mechanism or apparatus, such as a circuit breaker mechanism.
  • a further mechanism or apparatus such as a circuit breaker mechanism.
  • the above construction is capable of being manufactured to any dimensions. In fact, it is very suitable for micro-machining techniques due to the laminar nature of the structure.
  • the electrical actuator of the present invention has been described as a piezo-bimorph, other electrical actuators may be used, and in particular electric relays, armatures or moving-coil magnets.
  • the drive circuit is particularly suitable for operating the piezo-bimorph, as it is capable of providing the high voltage fields required to operate an active material bender such as the piezo-bimorph.
  • Figure 4 shows a block diagram illustrating how the drive circuit according to the first aspect of the present invention and the electrical switching mechanism according to the second aspect of the present invention are integrated together. More particularly, with reference to Figure 4, a pair of contact switches 63 are provided in the live circuit between the toroidal transformer 70 and the load 74 arranged to break the live circuit and thus prevent current flowing through the coils of the toroidal transformer 70. The contacts 63 are mechanically linked to the electrical switching mechanism of the present invention labelled 62 in the diagram.
  • the contacts 63 are mechanically linked to the extension 32 of the slider 18 of the electrical switching mechanism and arranged so that the electrical contacts 63 are opened when the slider 18 is released from its latched position within the profiled channel 30 such that the extension 32 projects a substantial amount beyond the end of the channel 30.
  • the contacts 63 may be directly mounted upon the extension 32 of the slider 18, or a mechanical linkage or further mechanism may be provided between the slider 18 and the electrical contacts 63.
  • the toroidal transformer 70 acts to detect any current imbalances between the current I 1 and I n flowing in the respective live and neutral lines by virtue of outputting the output drive voltage E, being the back-EMF across the secondary coil.
  • the output voltage E is then rectified if required and fed to the voltage multiplier 61 for multiplication up to the operating voltage V, the operating voltage V being arranged to be placed across the piezo-bimorph of bender 16 as appropriate in order to actuate the piezo-bimorph 16 to bend out of the plane of action of the pawl 40 thus releasing the slider 18 from the profiled channel 30 and opening the contacts 63.
  • This arrangement then constitutes a particularly effective low-power line independent device.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Breakers (AREA)
  • Adjustable Resistors (AREA)
  • General Electrical Machinery Utilizing Piezoelectricity, Electrostriction Or Magnetostriction (AREA)
  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)

Claims (15)

  1. Treiberanordnung für eine Fehlerstrom-Schutzeinrichtung, wobei die Anordnung Folgendes umfasst: eine Treiberschaltung und einen aktiven Materialbieger (16), wobei die Schaltung einen Transformator (70) mit einer ersten Primärspule (66) und einer zweiten Primärspule (72) und einer Sekundärspule (68) umfasst, deren Aufgabe es ist, eine Ausgangstreiberspannung als Reaktion auf eine Stromunsymmetrie zwischen den jeweiligen Strömen erzeugt, die in der ersten und der zweiten Primärspule fließen, wobei der Transformator ferner so ausgelegt ist, dass er bei einem Stromunsymmetrieniveau sättigt, das geringer ist als ein Niveau, das einen Fehlerzustand anzeigt, so dass die Ausgangstreiberspannung von der Sekundärspule angelegt wird, um den aktiven Materialbieger zu betätigen.
  2. Treiberanordnung nach Anspruch 1, ferner umfassend Spannungsgleichrichtmittel zum Gleichrichten der Ausgangstreiberspannung.
  3. Treiberanordnung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, ferner umfassend Spannungsvervielfachungsmittel zum Vervielfachen der Ausgangstreiberspannung auf einen Betriebspegel.
  4. Treiberanordnung nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, wobei der genannte Transformator so ausgelegt ist, dass er bei 50% des Stromunsymmetrieniveaus sättigt, das einen Fehlerzustand anzeigt.
  5. Treiberanordnung nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, wobei die genannte erste Primärspule und die genannte zweite Primärspule jeweils n1 Umdrehungen haben und die genannte zweite Spule n2 Umdrehungen hat, wobei n2>n1 ist.
  6. Elektrischer Schaltmechanismus, umfassend eine Treiberanordnung nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, deren Aufgabe es ist, ein elektrisches Betätigungsmittel anzusteuern, wobei der Mechanismus ferner ein elektrisches Schaltmittel umfasst, dessen Aufgabe es ist, als Reaktion auf das genannte elektrische Betätigungsmittel einen oder mehrere, in einer elektrischen Schaltung vorgesehene elektrische Kontakte zu öffnen, wenn die Treiberschaltung einen Fehlerzustand in der elektrischen Schaltung erkennt.
  7. Elektrischer Schaltmechanismus nach Anspruch 6, wobei das elektrische Schaltmittel Folgendes umfasst: ein planares Rahmenelement, das einen profilierten Kanal aufweist; ein planares Schieberelement, das in dem profilierten Kanal aufgenommen wird; wobei das Rastmittel auf das elektrische Betätigungsmittel reagiert, indem es das planare Schieberelement rastet oder freigibt, um den/die einen oder mehreren elektrischen Kontakt(e) zu schließen oder zu öffnen.
  8. Mechanismus nach Anspruch 6 oder 7, wobei der elektrische Betätiger einen planaren aktiven Materialbieger umfasst.
  9. Mechanismus nach Anspruch 8, wobei der planare aktive Materialbieger auf das genannte planare Rahmenelement laminiert ist.
  10. Mechanismus nach Anspruch 9, wobei der aktive Materialbieger ferner so ausgelegt ist, dass er sich nach dem Betätigen aus der Wirkebene des Rastmittels bewegt.
  11. Mechanismus nach Anspruch 8, 9 oder 10, ferner umfassend ein planares Abstandshalterelement, das zwischen dem genannten planaren aktiven Materialbieger und dem genannten planaren Rahmenelement laminiert ist.
  12. Mechanismus nach einem der Ansprüche 7 bis 11, bei dem das genannte Rastmittel eine drehbare Klinke umfasst, die so gestaltet ist, dass sie das planare Schieberelement rastet, wenn es von dem elektrischen Betätiger in einer ersten Position gehalten wird.
  13. Mechanismus nach Anspruch 12, bei dem die genannte drehbare Klinke ferner mit einer geformten Aussparung versehen ist, die so gestaltet ist, dass sie einen entsprechend geformten Vorsprung aufnimmt, der auf dem planaren Schieberelement vorgesehen ist, wobei die genannte drehbare Klinke in einem gerasteten Modus nicht von dem genannten elektrischen Betätiger in Drehung versetzt werden kann, so dass der genannte geformte Vorsprung in der genannten geformten Aussparung gehalten wird, um das genannte Schieberelement zu rasten, und der elektrische Betätiger sich in einer freigegebenen Betriebsart bewegt, so dass die genannte drehbare Klinke rotieren und so den genannten geformten Vorsprung aus der genannten geformten Aussparung befreien kann, um das genannte Schieberelement freizugeben.
  14. Mechanismus nach einem der Ansprüche 7 bis 13, bei dem der genannte profilierte Kanal mit einer ersten winkligen Rastfläche und das planare Schieberelement mit einer zweiten gewinkelten Rastfläche versehen sind, wobei die Anordnung derart ist, dass die genannte zweite gewinkelte Rastfläche in einem gleitenden Eingriff mit der genannten gewinkelten Rastfläche gehalten wird, wenn das genannte Schieberelement gerastet wird.
  15. Mechanismus nach einem der Ansprüche 7 bis 14, ferner umfassend eine Feder, deren Aufgabe es ist, das genannte Schieberelement aus dem genannten profilierten Kanal vorzuspannen.
EP00927432A 1999-04-19 2000-04-18 Elektrischer kleinleistungsschaltmechanismus mit aktiven material und zugehöriger steuerschaltung Expired - Lifetime EP1171935B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GBGB9908930.2A GB9908930D0 (en) 1999-04-19 1999-04-19 Active material low power electrical switching mechanism
GB9908930 1999-04-19
PCT/GB2000/001508 WO2000064022A1 (en) 1999-04-19 2000-04-18 Active material low power electrical switching mechanism and drive circuit therefor

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1171935A1 EP1171935A1 (de) 2002-01-16
EP1171935B1 true EP1171935B1 (de) 2003-06-11

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EP (1) EP1171935B1 (de)
JP (1) JP2002542754A (de)
CN (1) CN1347583A (de)
AU (1) AU4583800A (de)
DE (1) DE60003305T2 (de)
GB (1) GB9908930D0 (de)
HK (1) HK1041620B (de)
WO (1) WO2000064022A1 (de)

Cited By (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1157399B1 (de) * 1999-12-31 2011-04-20 ABB S.p.A. Leistungsschalter

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HK1041620B (zh) 2003-11-21
DE60003305T2 (de) 2004-04-29
WO2000064022A1 (en) 2000-10-26
AU4583800A (en) 2000-11-02
GB9908930D0 (en) 1999-06-16
DE60003305D1 (de) 2003-07-17
HK1041620A1 (en) 2002-07-12
CN1347583A (zh) 2002-05-01
EP1171935A1 (de) 2002-01-16
JP2002542754A (ja) 2002-12-10

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