Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
  • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
  • H01F27/28—Coils; Windings; Conductive connections
  • H01F27/2804—Printed windings
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
  • H01F21/00—Variable inductances or transformers of the signal type
  • H01F21/12—Variable inductances or transformers of the signal type discontinuously variable, e.g. tapped
  • H01F2021/125—Printed variable inductor with taps, e.g. for VCO

Definitions

• the invention relates to a monolithically integrated transformer, in particular a high-frequency transformer with the highest possible coupling factor.
• Such a transformer is known from US Pat. No. 4,816,784, in which the conductor tracks of the windings and crossovers are arranged in such a way that adjacent conductor tracks belong to different windings in order to achieve particularly good magnetic coupling.
• the object on which the invention is based is to provide a monolithically integrated transformer with a smaller number of secondary turns than the primary number of turns, which, using three possible metallization levels of a conventional silicon-bipolar semiconductor technology, has a particularly high coupling factor.
• the essential idea of the present invention is to provide windings with slots or to connect conductor tracks of this winding in parallel and to arrange the conductor tracks of another winding between these conductor tracks connected in parallel.
• the other winding can also be slotted accordingly, for example.
• FIG. 1 shows a winding diagram and a circuit diagram of a transformer according to the invention
• FIG. 2 shows a spatial representation of the transformer of FIG. 1 from the view from above and
• Figure 3 is a corresponding representation from the bottom view.
• a transformer according to the invention is shown in its winding diagram using a 6: 2 transformer with primary and secondary-side center tapping.
• a first primary connection P + and a primary center tap PCT there are three turns P1, P2 and P3 between the primary-side center tap PCT and a second primary-side connection P- there are three further turns P4, P5 and P6.
• a turn S1 consisting of three interconnects connected in parallel.
• a turn S2 which also consists of three interconnects connected in parallel.
• conductor tracks are arranged in the form of concentric circles except for connection areas VI ... V6 and intersection areas K, Kl ... K5, which in FIG. 1 are designated 1 to 12 in order of decreasing radius.
• the first primary winding P1 consists of the outer conductor track 1 of a half crossing K 1 of the conductor track 3 1 and a half crossing K 2, which establishes a connection to the conductor track 5 and thus to the winding P2.
• the conductor track 5 of the winding P2 is connected to the conductor track 8 ′ via a half crossing K3 and the half crossing K4 to the conductor track 10 already belonging to the winding P3.
• the conductor track 10 belonging to the winding P3 is connected to the primary-side center tap PCT via a half crossing K5 and a conductor track 12 '.
• the windings P4, P5 and P6 are arranged in mirror image, the center telance tap PCT via the conductor 12 of the winding P4 and the other half of the intersection K5 are connected via the other half of the intersection K4 to the conductor 8, which in turn already belongs to the winding P5.
• the winding P5 consists of the conductor 8 of the other half of the intersection K3, the conductor 5 * and the other half of the intersection K2, which is connected to the conductor 3.
• the winding P6 consists of the conductor 3 of the other half of the node Kl and the conductor 1 'which is connected to the terminal P-.
• the first secondary winding S1 between the connection S + and the center tap SCT is formed by a connection area VI, three parallel interconnects 2, 4 and 6, a connection area V3, a half crossover area K, a connection area V6, three parallel interconnects 11 '. , 9 'and 7 * and a connection area V7.
• the second secondary winding S2 between the center tap SCT and the connection S- is connected by a connecting area V2, three parallel interconnects 2 ', 4' and 6 *, a connecting element V5, a half crossing area K, a connecting area V4, three connected in parallel Conductor tracks 7, 9 and 11 and the connection area V7 formed.
• Both the two primary windings and the two secondary windings practically form two mirror-image spirals lying one inside the other, with primary windings lying within the secondary windings apart from connection or crossover areas.
• a particularly good magnetic coupling is achieved by an essentially circular and concentric arrangement of the conductor tracks.
• the circular shape is approximated in the current implementation by a polygon with the number of corners N> 4.
• FIGS. 2 and 3 show a spatial representation of this exemplary transformer, FIG. 2 viewed from the top and FIG. 3 viewed from the bottom. It is clear from FIG. 2 that the primary windings are in two metallization layers that are plated through in the area of the connection and crossover areas Ml and M2 is located, where the connections P + and P- are also available.
• the center tap PCT lies in a third metallization layer M3 and is connected in the area of the connection and crossover area via vias to conductor tracks of the first and second metallization layers. It is clear from FIG.
• the secondary windings extend outside the connection and crossover regions over all three metallization layers and are connected via plated-through holes D to secondary-side connections S +, SCT and S- located in the third metallization layer.
• the slotted secondary windings are dimensioned such that the ohmic resistance due to the larger extent in each partial winding or in the conductor tracks 2, 4, 6, 7, 9 and 11 or is the same size in the conductor tracks 2 *, 4 ', 6', 7 * 9 'and 11'.
• This is achieved in that the cross section of the conductor tracks of the secondary winding increases linearly in the radial direction. Since the thickness of the metallization layers is largely constant, this practically means a linear increase in the conductor track width.
• the primary winding can also be slotted accordingly.
• the primary windings can also be slotted at the same time, windings then practically lying one inside the other and the parallel interconnects of different windings alternating in the radial direction.
• the absolute size of the transformer is practically irrelevant, but only determines the frequency range of the optimal radio tion or the natural resonance frequencies.
• the diameter of an optimal transformer for frequencies from 800 to 900 MHz is, for example, approx. 400 ⁇ m.
• transformers can be used to implement fully monolithically integrated high-frequency power amplifiers with high efficiency in silicon bipolar technology for mobile radio or GSM mobile parts, since this enables high-frequency adaptation between high-frequency amplifier stages without external components.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Power Engineering (AREA)
• Coils Or Transformers For Communication (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Publications (1)

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• 1999
  • 1999-09-17 DE DE19944741A patent/DE19944741C2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
• 2000
  • 2000-09-18 WO PCT/EP2000/009129 patent/WO2001022444A1/de not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2000-09-18 JP JP2001525723A patent/JP3656050B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2000-09-18 EP EP00966050A patent/EP1159750A1/de not_active Withdrawn
• 2001
  • 2001-05-17 US US09/859,831 patent/US6580334B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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