Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
  • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
  • F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
  • F01L1/12—Transmitting gear between valve drive and valve
  • F01L1/18—Rocking arms or levers
  • F01L1/185—Overhead end-pivot rocking arms
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
  • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
  • F01L2305/00—Valve arrangements comprising rollers
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
  • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
  • F01L2305/00—Valve arrangements comprising rollers
  • F01L2305/02—Mounting of rollers

Definitions

• This invention relates to a roller finger follower for use in an internal combustion engine.
• FIGURES 1 and 2 Before describing the preferred example of the present invention, a brief consideration of a typical prior art stamped roller finger follower, shown in FIGURES 1 and 2 will help to better understand the importance of some of the example features of the present invention.
• a typical prior art stamped roller finger follower 10 has a relatively large overall width Wl compared to wall material thickness t. Also, the front guide walls 12 at the end of the part which contacts the engine valve stem are formed by two layers of material joined in a tight bend.
• the lash adjuster socket 14 (at the end of the part removed from the legs 12) is an open spherical segment (not seen) facing the bottom of the part to receive the lash adjuster pivot, and the top side of the socket is a full spherical segment 16 located between the side walls 18.
• the walls 18 are formed of one layer of material of thickness t, and the legs 12 are each formed of two layers of material of thickness t. Also the walls 18 must be spaced apart so as to accommodate the full dimension of spherical segment 16. All of this contributes to a wide part with flat guide walls that have relatively short flat surfaces for guidance on the valve for the typical prior art stamped roller finger follower.
• the width W2 of pallet space 19 available to receive the valve stem is only a wall material thickness t or slightly more. Accordingly, the minimum width Wl for this prior art configuration is at least five wall material thicknesses t, and the ratio W2:W1 is about 1:5. Since pallet space 19 must be wide enough to accept the tip of the valve stem, the relationship between W2 and Wl is that W2 cannot exceed more than about 20% of Wl in order to minimize Wl .
• Another prior art roller finger follower is disclosed in EP 0 573 674A1. That patent discloses a configuration in which the pallet 14 is welded between the legs l ib and l ie.
• the legs defining the pallet area are each twice the thickness of the walls l ib, l ie, and the overall width is dictated by the pallet width.
• the pallet width may be greater than 20% of the overall width of the part, but that is achieved only at the expense of enlarging the overall width to more than five wall material thicknesses.
• the pallet end of this part is the full width of the part, so this pallet end can only be accommodated in an engine space which is wide enough to accept the entire roller finger follower.
• An advantage of the present invention is a new and improved roller finger follower having improved size and strength characteristics. While not limited thereto, the improved roller finger follower is particularly suitable for use in engines where space considerations limit the size of the roller finger follower.
• the roller finger follower is produced by a process of stamping and cold extrusion, and it has four important novel features.
• the manufacturing process starts with flat stock material.
• a blank and a preform part are formed by a series of stamping steps.
• the preform has a pair of spaced apart sidewalls, each of thickness equal to the thickness of the original flat stock material.
• the stamped preform is then cold extruded to thicken the sidewalls and form retaining legs at the pallet end which is intended to receive the valve stem.
• the first of the features of the example roller finger follower of this invention is an overall channel configuration, with the side walls being folded up and the roller pocket area being drawn down to have a high ratio of height- to-width at the location of the bores which house the roller shaft.
• This configuration allows greater design and process freedom in that a narrower overall part width requirement can be achieved without sacrificing strength or stiffness. Also, the ratio of height to width in the vicinity of the shaft bores is greater than the prior art.
• the second novel feature of the example roller finger follower of this invention is the solid and thin legs which are formed by cold extrusion and which extend down from the vertical side walls at the front (pallet) end of the channel structure where the roller fmger follower contacts the tip of the engine valve.
• the legs provide structure to prevent disengagement between the valve stem and the roller finger follower. This contrasts markedly with the prior art stamped roller finger followers where these front guide walls are formed by two layers of material formed in a tight bend.
• a preferred channel stamped roller finger follower could have an overall width of about three (3) times the side wall material thickness in the pallet area, whereas prior art standard and reverse channel configurations would require approximately five (5) times the side wall material thickness for a minimum width.
• Some prior art cast roller finger followers may have solid front legs, but these cast parts are much more expensive to produce. Because the depending legs are thin, the width W2 available to receive a valve stem can approach the overall width Wl in the pallet area of the part (see FIGURE 6). The narrow valve end of this roller finger follower minimizes effective valve end reciprocating mass, in turn minimizing system loads and friction.
• the third novel feature of the example roller finger follower of this invention is the use of a truncated spherical hydraulic lash adjuster socket.
• the socket is truncated on the nonfunctional side, i.e. , the side removed from the side contacting the pivot of the hydraulic lash adjuster, while the side contacting the pivot of the hydraulic lash adjuster retains its sphericity.
• Part of the nonfunctional surface of the socket is merged by cold extrusion into the side walls. This strengthens the side walls and contributes to the narrow width of the part.
• the fourth novel feature of the example roller finger follower of this invention is the use of noncircular shaft bores for the roller shaft. This locks and retains the roller shaft in the part during the joining process.
• FIGURE 1 is a perspective view of a typical prior art roller finger follower
• FIGURE 2 is a front view of the prior art roller finger follower of
• FIGURE 1
• FIGURE 3 is an exploded perspective view of an example roller finger follower of the present invention.
• FIGURE 4 is a top plan view of an example roller finger follower of the present invention.
• FIGURE 5 is a side elevation view of the roller finger follower of
• FIGURE 4 FIGURES 6 and 7 are, respectively, a front elevation and a rear elevation of the roller fmger follower of FIGURE 5;
• FIGURE 8 is a bottom plan view of the roller finger follower of FIGURE 4;
• FIGURE 9 is a section elevation view along line 9-9 of FIGURE 4;
• FIGURES 10a - 10c illustrate a comparison between the example manufacturing process of the present invention (FIGURE 10a) and the prior art (FIGURES 10b and 10c); and
• FIGURES 11a - l ie show examples of noncircular configurations for the roller shaft and bore.
• roller finger follower 20 has side walls 22 separated by an interrupted web 24 to form, in effect, a channel.
• Web 24 has a stamped opening 26 formed therein to provide an operating space or pocket for a roller assembly 28 which is mounted on a shaft 30 housed in pierced or pierced and shaved bores 32 in side walls 22.
• Roller finger follower 20 is characterized by a high H/W ratio (see
• FIGURES 4, 5 and 6 This high height to width ratio allows for taller vertical walls 22 in the vicinity of the shaft bores than in the prior art, which improves the stiffness and strength of the part, while still meeting a narrow package width requirement.
• a second important feature is the configuration of the pallet end of the part which contacts the tip of the engine valve stem.
• This part is defined by a pair of spaced apart solid legs 34 which form guide walls defining a pocket 36 to receive the tip of the valve stem.
• Solid legs 34 extend downwardly from their respective side walls 22, and the legs are formed in the manufacturing process by folding the flat stock upward to form the side walls and then cold extruding material downward to form the solid legs 34. It is to be noted that the legs 34 are considerably thinner than the material thickness tl of the walls 22 from which the legs depend.
• the overall width Wl of the part at the pallet end is in the range of about 2.5tl to about 4.0tl, where tl is the material thickness of a wall 22.
• the minimum dimension i.e., Wl being about 2.5tl
• Wl being about 2.5tl
• the minimum dimension is limited only by the size of the valve stem that must be received in pocket 36, and by manufacturing considerations, one of which is that the punch forming the upper space between walls 22 at the pallet end be about 0.5tl . Therefore, the following relationships exist:
• Relationship (2) results from the manufacturing consideration that the punch forming pocket 36 must extend at least O. ltl on each side beyond the upper space between walls 22 to prevent shearing of material during manufacture. Therefore, when Wl is at the minimum of 2.5tl, and W2 is also at its minimum of 0.7tl, the following relationship also exists for the width t2(max) of each extruded leg 34
• t2 ranges from about 0.2tl to about 0.9tl (5) That is, when Wl is at its minimum of about 2.5tl, the largest W2 for pocket 36 is about 2. ltl .
• the ratio W2:W1 can be as high as
• the ratio W2:W1 can approach 1 while still providing the valve stem retaining structure of the depending walls 34.
• the ratio W2:W1 also approaches 1, and the ratio W2:W1 is almost the same regardless of whether Wl is the minimum of about 2.5tl or the maximum of about 4.0tl .
• This socket includes a spherical (i.e., a portion of a sphere) recess 38 on the bottom side to receive the top of the hydraulic lash adjuster.
• the top or nonfunctional side 40 of the socket is not a full spherical segment. Rather, the nonfunctional side 40 is truncated along the inner portions of side walls 22. This truncation is effected by drawing material from the nonfunctional side 40 of the socket up into side walls 22 during the manufacturing process; and this is accomplished without reducing the size or shape of the spherical portion 38 which receives the hydraulic lash adjuster.
• the bore 22 may be noncircular.
• the bore may be octagonal as in FIGURE 11a, oval as in FIGURE l ib or splined as in FIGURE l ie.
• These noncircular bore shapes are pierced and/or shaved into the side walls 22 as part of the forming process to aid in retention of the roller shaft 30.
• the ends of the roller shaft are relatively soft, and when these soft ends are staked or riveted in the bores, they are deformed to correspond to the shape of the bore, thereby locking the ends of the roller shaft into the shaft bores.
• a cam In operation of the stamped roller finger follower, a cam, not shown, bears against roller 28 to transmit the lift of the cam to the engine valve stem.
• the lift of the cam is multiplied by the rocker arm ratio of the roller finger follower. That ratio is the ratio of instantaneous valve lift to instantaneous cam lift, and this ratio varies throughout one rotation of the cam and is dependent on the geometry of the roller fmger follower and how it is oriented in the valve train.
• the roller fmger follower 20 pivots about a spherical head of a hydraulic lash adjuster (HLA) or stud. The spherical head mates in spherical socket 38 in the roller finger follower 20.
• HLA hydraulic lash adjuster
• the roller finger follower contacts the cam with a roller bearing assembly 28, supported on a roller shaft 30.
• the roller shaft is housed in and supported by the roller shaft bore 32 in the roller finger follower.
• the valve pallet (defined by legs 34 and pocket 36) of the roller finger follower contacts the valve tip of the valve stem of an engine valve.
• the shape of the vertical side walls 22 and the roller pocket 26 are formed from a flat piece of stock material by a process of forming a blank and a preform part from a coil of stock material by a series of stamping steps.
• the stock material is then folded upward in a further stamping step, and the material is then cold drawn downward in the roller pocket area to enlarge the side walls 22 around the openings 32 to prevent weakening of the side walls in the vicinity of the openings 32.
• Roller pocket 26 is subsequently formed by punching, and bores 32 are formed by piercing or piercing and then shaving.
• This manufacturing process allows greater design and process freedom than the standard channel or standard reverse channel configurations of the prior art where the wall height below or above the roller shaft bores is limited based on the allowable follower width, which can decrease the strength and/or stiffness or require a wider package width than the example of the present invention.
• FIGURES 10a - 10c illustrate a comparison of the example manufacturing process for the present invention as compared to the prior art.
• FIGURES 10a, b and c shows a starting piece of flat stock material for forming a stamped roller finger follower.
• FIGURE 10a depicts the starting configuration and various parameters for the example roller finger follower of the present invention;
• FIGURE 10b depicts the starting configuration and various parameters for a standard channel prior art stamped roller finger follower;
• FIGURE 10c depicts the starting configuration and various parameters for a reverse standard channel prior art stamped roller finger follower.
• A Roller Pocket Width
• B Distance from bottom of shaft bore to fold line; determined by relative location of shaft bore to socket center
• E overall width before folding, which defines the location of the top of the vertical walls, can be maximized to maximize stiffness. The limiting factor is interference with the cam lobe or something else in the cylinder head. It is typically not constant for the length of the part, but is shown constant here for simplicity.
• G Shape to be punched out for roller pocket before folding
• C Minimum width that can be punched out (i.e. , minimum allowable punch thickness)
• D Distance below shaft bore to house shaft bore and support load
• D V 2 (A - C) + B (Eqn. 1)
• J overall width before folding, which defines the location of the bottom of the vertical walls, can be maximized to maximize stiffness.
• the limiting factor is interference with the HLA, valve, spring cap or something else in the cylinder head.
• K distance from top of shaft bore to fold line on far side of material; determined by relative location of shaft bore to socket center.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Valve-Gear Or Valve Arrangements (AREA)
• Massaging Devices (AREA)
• Spinning Or Twisting Of Yarns (AREA)
• Organic Insulating Materials (AREA)
• Dental Preparations (AREA)
• Containers Having Bodies Formed In One Piece (AREA)

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• 1999
  • 1999-04-26 DE DE69921860T patent/DE69921860T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1999-04-26 WO PCT/US1999/008935 patent/WO2000065202A1/en active IP Right Grant
  • 1999-04-26 AT AT99920002T patent/ATE282142T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1999-04-26 EP EP99920002A patent/EP1157193B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1999-04-26 AU AU37595/99A patent/AU3759599A/en not_active Abandoned

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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