EP1152483B1 - Zweiband-Mikrowellenstrahlelement - Google Patents

Zweiband-Mikrowellenstrahlelement Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1152483B1
EP1152483B1 EP01400810A EP01400810A EP1152483B1 EP 1152483 B1 EP1152483 B1 EP 1152483B1 EP 01400810 A EP01400810 A EP 01400810A EP 01400810 A EP01400810 A EP 01400810A EP 1152483 B1 EP1152483 B1 EP 1152483B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
guide
radiating element
polarizer
element according
band
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP01400810A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1152483A1 (de
Inventor
Michel Gomez-Henry
Gérard Caille
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Alcatel Lucent SAS
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Alcatel Lucent SAS
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/40—Imbricated or interleaved structures; Combined or electromagnetically coupled arrangements, e.g. comprising two or more non-connected fed radiating elements
    • H01Q5/45—Imbricated or interleaved structures; Combined or electromagnetically coupled arrangements, e.g. comprising two or more non-connected fed radiating elements using two or more feeds in association with a common reflecting, diffracting or refracting device
    • H01Q5/47—Imbricated or interleaved structures; Combined or electromagnetically coupled arrangements, e.g. comprising two or more non-connected fed radiating elements using two or more feeds in association with a common reflecting, diffracting or refracting device with a coaxial arrangement of the feeds

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a radiating element operating in two bands or two distinct and circularly polarized subbands in the context, for example, of radar type applications or of satellite telecommunications in the microwave domain.
  • this type of radiating element is more particularly intended to be integrated in an antenna disposed on board a satellite or on the ground to allow communication between the different sets of the system.
  • a radar source capable of emitting at least two frequencies, for example to have a high resolution thanks to a high frequency, and a long range via a low frequency.
  • This radar source employs four waveguides surrounding a fifth guide.
  • the four peripheral guides are able, for example, to operate according to the Ku band centered on 16 GHz and the central guide in X band centered on 10 GHz.
  • an antenna comprising such a source is intended to operate in an extreme frequency ratio greater than or equal to 6, a ratio that does not impose significant operating constraints due to the difference existing between the extreme frequencies.
  • planar antennas in a frequency ratio of between 1.22 and 2 causes, due in particular to their compactness, significant losses due to the coupling of the elements working in high and low bands.
  • the document EP-A-0 443 526 discloses a microwave element according to the preamble of claim 1 and the document US-A-5,258,768 discloses a polarizer.
  • the object of the present invention is to overcome these drawbacks by proposing a reduced-band dual-band microwave radiating element with only low losses, the circular polarization being generated by the radiating part of the antenna itself. without having to provide additional circuit such as a hybrid coupler for example.
  • a microwave radiating element comprising first and second means able to convey electromagnetic waves respectively to a first and a second frequency band, is characterized in that the first and second means are coaxial, the first means comprising a hollow and metallic waveguide adapted to receive the second means coaxially.
  • the second means also comprise a hollow waveguide and metal.
  • the second means comprise a guide comprising a core and a sheath both made of dielectric material, said dielectric guide being, for example, a microwave fiber capable of propagating only the hybrid mode H11.
  • the waveguides constituting the first and second means comprise, each at their end and nested one inside the other, a polarizer, the geometry of the polarizers being such that the polarization of the waves electromagnetic is circular.
  • the polarizers have a cross section of rectangular or elliptical shape.
  • the geometry of the dielectric guide is such that the polarization of the electromagnetic waves is circular.
  • the core of the dielectric guide comprises an extension emerging from the sheath of said guide and having a cross section of elliptical, rectangular or ellipsoidal shape.
  • the figure 1 is a schematic perspective view of a first embodiment of a radiating element 1 according to the invention.
  • the radiating element 1 comprises a first excitation access 2 generating the wave intended to be propagated.
  • the excitation access 2 is, in the mode of realization of the figure 1 , of coaxial type, comprising a tubular peripheral portion 2a and a central portion 2b, cylindrical and disposed in the center of the peripheral portion 2a (see figures 2 and 3 ).
  • excitation access 2 could use any other known excitation technique such as triplate and other, or be constituted by another guide.
  • the excitation access 2 is connected, via the central portion 2b and in known manner, to a first end of a first power waveguide 3 able to operate, for example, in the band Ka around 30 GHz, and more exactly between 27.6 and 29 GHz.
  • the feed guide 3 perpendicular to the excitation port 2 and having an elongated hollow longitudinal axis shape Z, with a rectangular cross-section, makes it possible to propagate the polarized electromagnetic waves. linearly.
  • the guide 3 comprises, in its extension in the direction of the Z axis of the guide 3, a transition section composed of an adaptation transformer. 4.
  • the adaptation transformer 4 consists of a hollow guide having a section of shape identical to that of the guide 3 but of larger dimensions, except the longitudinal direction parallel to the Z axis.
  • the guide 3 is centered and aligned on the matching transformer 4, the different faces constituting the guide 3 and the matching transformer 4 being parallel to each other.
  • polarizer 5 working at 30 GHz, also hollow, parallelepiped, of rectangular cross-section and of larger dimensions than that of the matching transformer 4.
  • the polarizer 5 is angularly offset by 45 degrees about the Z axis relative to the matching transformer 4 which is itself in alignment with the guide 3.
  • the polarizer 5 here of rectangular section, may also be of elliptical shape in order to obtain the circular polarization of the signal.
  • These three elements, the guide 3, the matching transformer 4 as well as the polarizer 5, are, for example, metal and end-to-end, at one of their faces, by any known technique such as welding, machining, electroerosion or made by molding.
  • transition sections such as the matching transformer 4 may be provided in the embodiment shown in FIGS. Figures 1 to 3 between the guide 3 and the polarizer 5.
  • the first guide 3 is arranged, coaxially, inside a second feed guide 6, hollow and of substantially rectangular section but of larger dimensions than those of the first guide 3.
  • the respective faces of the guides 3 and 6 are parallel to each other.
  • the second guide 6 comprises, on one of its larger faces, a slight recess inwardly forming a groove 6a of rectangular section and parallel to the axis Z of the guide 3.
  • This groove 6a also called “ridge” limits the propagation of electromagnetic waves carried by the guide having such a groove 6a in the single fundamental mode.
  • a guide comprising such a ridge 6a is said riddled guide.
  • the second guide 6, shorter than the first guide 3 in the direction of the Z axis, is associated with a second excitation port 7 of the coaxial type. Any other technique than coaxial is also possible.
  • the second guide 6 also works in the Ka band at around 20 GHz and for example between 17.8 and 19.2 GHz.
  • the first guide 3 is secured to the second guide 6 at the ridge 6a, the width of said ridge 6a corresponding to the width of the first guide 3.
  • the adaptation transformer 8 is a guide comprising a ridge 8a (rifled guide), whose cross section is of the same shape as that of the second feed guide 6 but of larger dimensions.
  • the ridges 6a and 8a are thus aligned and parallel to the Z axis of the first guide 3.
  • the matching transformer 8 is associated with a polarizer 9.
  • the polarizer 9 has a substantially rectangular cross section, large enough to contain, at least in part, the polarizer 5 of the high band.
  • the polarizer 9 is angularly offset by 45 degrees about the Z axis relative to the matching transformer 8 and the guide 6 so as to generate a circular polarization of the signal.
  • the polarizer 9 may have a different shape such as, for example, an elliptical cross section, capable of generating, from the linear polarization of the signal propagating in the guide 6 and the matching transformer 8, a circular polarization.
  • the geometry and the arrangement of the different parts of the radiating element 1 are such that the polarizers 5 and 9 are oriented in the same way, their respective faces being parallel to each other. This relative arrangement of the polarizers 5 and 9 makes it possible to obtain a circular polarization of the same direction for the two bands.
  • the polarizers 5 and 9 will be oriented relative to 90 °.
  • the radiating element 1 of the present invention makes it possible to obtain, according to the relative arrangement of the polarizers 5 and 9, four configurations different from circular polarization: right / right, right / left, left / right and left / left.
  • the figure 2 is a wired schematic perspective view of the radiating element of the figure 1 according to a different angle of view from that of the figure 1 , where the mutual orientation of the different pieces appears.
  • the radiating element 1 thus consists of a first and a second independent access coaxial circuit: the first compound of the excitation access 2, the supply guide 3, the adaptation transformer 4 and the polarizer 5 and working in the high band (30 GHz), the second circuit comprising the excitation access 7, the ruled power supply guide 6, the matching transformer 8 and the polarizer 5 and working in the low band (20 GHz) ).
  • the side view of the figure 3 shows again the relative disposition of the different parts of the radiating element, and in particular the relative position of the polarizers 5 and 9.
  • the polarizer 5 is largely contained in the polarizer 9, projecting only slightly in the direction of the Z axis. However, according to alternative embodiments, the polarizer 5 (30 GHz) can also be completely included or entirely outside the polarizer 9 (20 GHz).
  • the supply guides 3 and 6 open respectively, through the matching transformers 4 and 8, in the polarizers 5 and 9.
  • the radiating element 1 is therefore able to operate according to two different frequency bands, or more exactly two independent access subbands, one serving for transmission (high band), the other for receiving (band low).
  • the particular geometry of the radiating element 1 also makes it possible to obtain a circular polarization of the electromagnetic waves.
  • the figure 4 shows, in schematic perspective wire view, a second embodiment of a radiating element 1 according to the invention.
  • the difference with the first embodiment of the radiating element 1 is at the level of the high frequency circuit.
  • the high frequency element has a coaxial excitation access 2 identical to that of the embodiment of the Figures 1 to 3 associated with a first end of a metal feed guide 10 similar to the guide 3 of the preceding figures.
  • the guide 10 is of identical cross section to that of the guide 3 but of length (along the Z axis) lower.
  • the guide 10 is housed in the guide 6, at the ridge 6a, in the same way as the guide 3 in the Figures 1 to 3 .
  • the guide 10 stops substantially at the junction between the guide 6 and the matching transformer 8, any other configuration remaining possible.
  • the guide 10 is coupled in known manner to a microwave fiber 11 arranged in the extension of the guide 10.
  • the microwave fiber 11 is a dielectric guide axis coincident with the Z axis and propagating only hybrid mode H11 (fundamental mode).
  • the fiber 11 comprises, in the manner of an optical fiber, a cylindrical solid core 12 surrounded by a hollow sheath 13 of tubular form.
  • the core 12 and the sheath 13 may, for example, be mounted one inside the other in a tight fit, or slid with a fastening completed by gluing.
  • the microwave fiber is made in a known manner dielectric material of the type called "index jump", the sheath 13 having a relatively high index (minimum 10 for example) to ensure good confinement hybrid mode H11.
  • the index of the core 12 is slightly greater than that of the sheath 13.
  • the materials that can be used are for example: synthetic sapphire, Berilium oxide, alumina ...
  • the coupling between the guide 10 and the microwave fiber 11 is via the core 12 which has, at its end close to the excitation port 2, an extension 12a penetrating the guide 10.
  • This extension 12a is substantially conical shape flaring in the direction of the Z axis.
  • the microwave fiber 11 has a geometry that allows the generation of a circular polarization through the generation of two orthogonal modes H11.
  • the core 12 of the microwave fiber 11 extends outside the sheath 13 on the opposite side to that of the first extension 12a in a second extension 12b in shape, seen in cross section, elliptical.
  • the particular ellipsoidal shape (of large axis parallel to the Z axis) of the radiating portion 12b of the core 12 of the fiber 11 allows a generation of the circular polarization of the waves simply and without having to provide additional parts.
  • the part of the radiating element 1 working in high band is arranged coaxially in the hollow metal part working in low band.
  • the feed guide 10 and the microwave fiber 11 pass through the rusted feed guide 6, the adaptation transformer 8 and the polarizer 9.
  • the invention is not limited to the embodiments described in connection with the Figures 1 to 4 , other geometries or arrangements being conceivable for the various elements, in particular for the supply guides 3, 6, 10, the polarizers 5 and 9 or the fiber 11, in order to generate a circular polarization of the waves in the radiating element coaxial 1.
  • the invention makes it possible to obtain a dual-band radiating element having a small overall size, capable of generating a circular polarization without using complementary circuits, having an independent access for each sub-frequency band. and may have an operating frequency ratio of between 1.22 and 2.
  • This type of radiating element is particularly suitable for high frequencies, such as those of the Ka band for example.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Waveguide Aerials (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)
  • Waveguide Switches, Polarizers, And Phase Shifters (AREA)
  • Control Of Motors That Do Not Use Commutators (AREA)
  • Radiation-Therapy Devices (AREA)
  • Finger-Pressure Massage (AREA)

Claims (7)

  1. Mikrowellenstrahlelement (1) mit ersten und zweiten Mitteln, welche fähig sind, elektromagnetische Wellen jeweils in einem ersten und einem zweiten Frequenzband zu übertragen, wobei die ersten Mittel einen hohlen, metallischen Wellenleiter (6) umfassen, welcher fähig ist, die zweiten Mittel koaxial aufzunehmen, wobei die zweiten Mittel ebenfalls einen hohlen, metallischen Wellenleiter (3) umfassen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Wellenleiter (3, 6), welche die ersten und die zweiten Mittel bilden, an ihren Enden jeweils einen Polarisator (5, 9) aufweisen, wobei die Polarisatoren ineinander verschachtelt sind.
  2. Strahlelement nach Anspruch 1, wobei die Geometrie der Polarisatoren (5, 9) so gestaltet ist, dass die Polarisation der elektromagnetischen Wellen zirkular ist.
  3. Strahlelement nach Anspruch 2, wobei die Polarisatoren (5, 9) einen rechteckigen oder elliptischen Querschnitt aufweisen.
  4. Strahlelement nach Anspruch 1, wobei die zweiten Mittel einen Wellenleiter mit einem Kern (12) und einem Mantel (13), beide aus dielektrischem Material, aufweisen.
  5. Strahlelement nach Anspruch 4, wobei der dielektrische Wellenleiter eine Mikrowellenfaser (11) ist, welche fähig ist, nur den hybriden Modus H11 zu verbreiten.
  6. Strahlelement nach einem der Ansprüche 4 oder 5, wobei die Geometrie des dielektrischen Wellenleiters so gestaltet ist, dass die Polarisation der elektromagnetischen Wellen zirkular ist.
  7. Strahlelement nach Anspruch 6, wobei der Kern (12) des dielektrischen Wellenleiters eine Verlängerung (12b) mit rechteckigem, elliptischem oder ellipsenförmigem Querschnitt aufweist, welche über den Mantel (13) hinausragt.
EP01400810A 2000-04-20 2001-03-29 Zweiband-Mikrowellenstrahlelement Expired - Lifetime EP1152483B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0005091A FR2808126B1 (fr) 2000-04-20 2000-04-20 Element rayonnant hyperfrequence bi-bande
FR0005091 2000-04-20

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1152483A1 EP1152483A1 (de) 2001-11-07
EP1152483B1 true EP1152483B1 (de) 2009-07-22

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EP01400810A Expired - Lifetime EP1152483B1 (de) 2000-04-20 2001-03-29 Zweiband-Mikrowellenstrahlelement

Country Status (7)

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US (1) US6377224B2 (de)
EP (1) EP1152483B1 (de)
JP (3) JP5354830B2 (de)
AT (1) ATE437452T1 (de)
CA (1) CA2342953C (de)
DE (1) DE60139291D1 (de)
FR (1) FR2808126B1 (de)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6608602B2 (en) * 2001-11-06 2003-08-19 Intel Corporation Method and apparatus for a high isolation dual port antenna system
JP4003498B2 (ja) * 2002-03-25 2007-11-07 三菱電機株式会社 高周波モジュールおよびアンテナ装置
CN104241088B (zh) * 2013-06-09 2017-07-14 中芯国际集成电路制造(上海)有限公司 条形结构的形成方法
CN108183336B (zh) * 2017-11-23 2019-11-19 北京遥感设备研究所 一种紧凑型脊波导到矩形波导正交极化变换器
CN117578095B (zh) * 2024-01-16 2024-04-09 柒零叁信息科技有限公司 一种毫米波双频宽带圆极化天线

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US5258768A (en) * 1990-07-26 1993-11-02 Space Systems/Loral, Inc. Dual band frequency reuse antenna

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE60139291D1 (de) 2009-09-03
FR2808126B1 (fr) 2003-10-03
EP1152483A1 (de) 2001-11-07
JP5355643B2 (ja) 2013-11-27
JP2011259496A (ja) 2011-12-22
ATE437452T1 (de) 2009-08-15
JP5600359B2 (ja) 2014-10-01
FR2808126A1 (fr) 2001-10-26
JP2001358526A (ja) 2001-12-26
US6377224B2 (en) 2002-04-23
CA2342953C (fr) 2009-07-07
JP5354830B2 (ja) 2013-11-27
CA2342953A1 (fr) 2001-10-20
JP2013093898A (ja) 2013-05-16
US20020011961A1 (en) 2002-01-31

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