EP3155690B1 - Flachantenne zur satellitenkommunikation - Google Patents

Flachantenne zur satellitenkommunikation Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3155690B1
EP3155690B1 EP15729390.3A EP15729390A EP3155690B1 EP 3155690 B1 EP3155690 B1 EP 3155690B1 EP 15729390 A EP15729390 A EP 15729390A EP 3155690 B1 EP3155690 B1 EP 3155690B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
radiating
fact
flat antenna
antenna according
line
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Active
Application number
EP15729390.3A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3155690A1 (de
Inventor
Gérard Collignon
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Ineo Defense SAS
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Ineo Defense SAS
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Publication of EP3155690A1 publication Critical patent/EP3155690A1/de
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
    • H01Q1/28—Adaptation for use in or on aircraft, missiles, satellites, or balloons
    • H01Q1/286—Adaptation for use in or on aircraft, missiles, satellites, or balloons substantially flush mounted with the skin of the craft
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P5/00—Coupling devices of the waveguide type
    • H01P5/02—Coupling devices of the waveguide type with invariable factor of coupling
    • H01P5/022—Transitions between lines of the same kind and shape, but with different dimensions
    • H01P5/028—Transitions between lines of the same kind and shape, but with different dimensions between strip lines
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
    • H01Q1/28—Adaptation for use in or on aircraft, missiles, satellites, or balloons
    • H01Q1/288—Satellite antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
    • H01Q15/14—Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
    • H01Q21/0031—Parallel-plate fed arrays; Lens-fed arrays
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
    • H01Q21/0075—Stripline fed arrays
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/12—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system using mechanical relative movement between primary active elements and secondary devices of antennas or antenna systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/30—Resonant antennas with feed to end of elongated active element, e.g. unipole
    • H01Q9/40—Element having extended radiating surface

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of flat satellite telecommunication antennas.
  • the invention is particularly suitable for aircraft.
  • the invention finds a particularly advantageous application for transmitting and receiving data to or from a satellite, particularly for satellite communications of the Satcom type (acronym for satellite communication or " satellite communications" in English terminology).
  • These telecommunication antennas comprise a plane surface comprising at least one radiating line capable of transmitting and receiving signals of a frequency determined according to the shape of the radiating line.
  • the signals are transmitted and received in the direction of the satellite which can be detuned with respect to the normal direction of the antenna according to the movements of the carrier. More specifically, these antennas must point a highly directional beam within a cone of at least 60 ° half-angle so that the gain of the antenna remains sufficient to ensure the signal-to-noise ratio necessary for the quality of the link.
  • a known solution to achieve this pointing is to use a flat antenna 100 as described on the Figure 1 .
  • This flat antenna 100 extends in an xy plane on an outer wall 101 of an aircraft.
  • Radial lines 102 of the flat antenna 100 emit and receive signals in a detented direction 103 at an angle ⁇ with respect to the z direction normal to the surface of the flat antenna 100 in the plane perpendicular to the radiating lines 102 (FIG. xoz).
  • This depointage requires adjustment of the phase on each radiating line by means for example of programmable electronic phase shifters.
  • the flat antenna 100 is moreover rotatable ⁇ about an orthonormal axis z with the xy axes.
  • This first solution makes it possible to scan electronically all the pointing directions inside the cone.
  • the direction of the pointing at a is variable with the wavelength ⁇ and does not allow simultaneous operation in two very different frequency bands such as Satcom band Ka for example (20GHz in reception, 30GHz in transmission).
  • the ROTMAN lens is a known device which usually makes it possible to obtain an antenna radiating several beams in a plane.
  • the lens is provided with N access each giving a beam in a given direction independent of the frequency.
  • the angular sweep is obtained by switching between the N beams available.
  • the lens is formed by the space between two parallel conductive planes, the input network consists of fixed horns made as a waveguide radiating a polarization perpendicular to the metal planes.
  • the output network may consist of monopole elements perpendicular to the metal planes and to collect the energy radiated by the cornets of the input network.
  • the linear array of the radiating elements is fed via links (coaxial for example) of lengths such that the radiated wave is plane.
  • US Pat. US 8,284,102 discloses an electronic phase shifter comprising an electronic selector for a linear or curved source array.
  • the focusing of the antenna is performed by internal reflector elements and dielectric or refractive focusing means.
  • This second solution makes it possible to have a fixed flat antenna on the surface of an aircraft.
  • this solution limits the number of directions that can point the antenna according to the number of linear sources.
  • the implementation of a linear source network and electronic selection means increases the size of the flat antenna.
  • the ROTMAN lens is conventionally connected by coaxial cables connected between the ROTMAN lens and the radiating lines of the antenna.
  • the length of the coaxial cables is adapted to introduce a delay necessary for the focusing of the radiated wave by the radiating lines for each horn of the ROTMAN lens.
  • These cables are, of course, equipped with connectors at each end.
  • Such an antenna poses implementation problems when the antenna is designed to operate in the Ku or Ka high frequency bands.
  • the length of the cables must be extremely precise to limit errors on the phase. For example, for an antenna operating at 30 GHz, an error of 0.2 mm in length of a coaxial cable induces a phase error of about 10 °.
  • the size of the coaxial cable connectors limits the possibilities of implantation and the number of usable cones. For example, for an antenna operating at 30 GHz, the pitch of the radiating lines and outputs of the Rotman lens is close to 5mm.
  • a 500mm diameter antenna operating at 30GHz has about 100 different cables, which has a negative impact on specifications and implementation steps.
  • a phase shifter for an antenna array is disclosed in the British application GB 2398172 .
  • the present invention intends to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art by proposing a fixed flat antenna provided with a mobile horn to sweep a large number of pointing directions of the antenna.
  • the connections between the horn and the radiating plate are made by a multilayer supply circuit.
  • the present invention relates to a satellite telecommunication flat antenna comprising a radiating plate comprising at least one radiating line, and an adaptation means able to modify the delay of the fields emitted or received by the at least one radiating line.
  • said adaptation means comprising a rotating horn between the two metal plates, and a multilayer supply circuit having a first layer formed by the at least one metal plate containing a slot-type sensor array and a last layer is provided with at least one coupling slot connected to the at least one radiating line, the first layer and the last layer being connected by at least one transmission line, the length of the at least one transmission line being adapted to introduce a delay necessary for the focusing of the radiated wave by the radiating line.
  • the invention thus makes it possible to scan a large number of pointing directions by moving the rotating mobile horn associated with the radiating lines of the antenna.
  • the tuning of each radiating line is effected by the length of a transmission line connecting the sensor array of the at least one metal plate and the radiating plate.
  • the invention makes it possible to fix the antenna on a flat surface thus limiting the fragility of the antenna and improving the aerodynamics of the wearer of the antenna.
  • the antenna according to the invention also eliminates the need for coaxial cables and connectors. This antenna structure operates in a very broad band of frequency because the horn allows a pointing independent of the frequency.
  • the horn is able to transmit between the metal plates a wave whose electric field is perpendicular to the metal plates.
  • the length of the at least one transmission line is adapted to introduce an additional delay making it possible to obtain an initial fixed score so that the total score varies from 0 ° to 60 ° for a symmetrical displacement. cornet of ⁇ 30 °.
  • This embodiment, associated with the overall rotation of the antenna 360 ° about its axis z can contain all directions in a 60 ° half-angle cone centered on the direction normal to the antenna.
  • the supply circuit consists of five metal circuit layers separated by four layers of dielectric.
  • This embodiment is particularly suitable for a satellite type antenna (satellite communication acronym or " Sa tellite com munications" in English terminology).
  • the supply circuit is assembled by gluing. This embodiment limits the complexity of assembly operations of the multilayer power supply circuit.
  • two layers of the supply circuit are connected by at least one metallized hole passing through a conductive layer without contact through a non-metallized pellet.
  • This embodiment is particularly suitable for a satellite type antenna (satellite communication acronym or " Sa tellite com munications" in English terminology).
  • the two metal plates containing the slot-type sensor array are fixed on a plane parallel to the plane of said radiating plate.
  • said radiant plate comprises several radiating lines spaced by a half-wavelength. This embodiment makes it possible in particular to avoid problems related to the network lobes.
  • said radiant plate comprises a plurality of radiating lines consisting of an alignment of radiating elements such as dipoles, patches or slots.
  • said radiating plate comprises a plurality of radiating lines each comprising a splitter with an input and a plurality of outputs corresponding to the number of radiating elements of the radiating line.
  • the Figure 2 discloses a satellite dish antenna 10 consisting of a radiating plate 16 connected to an adaptation means 11 adapted to modify the delays of the fields transmitted or received by the radiating plate 16.
  • the radiating plate 16 extends in a plane xy and has a plurality of radiating lines 17 disposed along the y-axis at a step close to half a wavelength along the x-axis.
  • Each radiating line 17 consists of an alignment of N radiating elements (not shown), for example dipoles, patches or slots arranged at a pitch less than a wavelength along the y-axis and fed by a splitter having an input and N outputs.
  • the adaptation means 11 consists of a horn 12 movable in rotation between two metal plates 13a and 13b parallel to the radiating plate 16.
  • the horn 12, shown in FIG. Figure 3 is rotatable about the axis z '(parallel to or coincident with the z axis) extending in a direction normal to the xy plane.
  • the mobility of the horn 12 is provided by a digitally controlled guide 20.
  • the horn 12 radiates between the two metal plates 13a, 13b a TEM wave (for electrical-magnetic transverse) whose electric field is perpendicular to the metal plates 13a, 13b.
  • the adaptation means 11 also comprises a multilayer supply circuit 14, shown in FIG. Figure 4 , connecting the horn 12 to the radiating plate 16.
  • This supply circuit 14 consists of five copper circuit layers 13a, 20-23 separated by four layers of dielectric. The whole is assembled by gluing.
  • the first layer 13a is formed by the upper metal plate 13a.
  • a coupling slot 27 formed in this layer 13a gives one of the sensors of the sensor network.
  • the layers 13a, 20 and 21 form a triplate type transmission line whose conductive line is located on the layer 20 and the ground planes on the layers 13a and 21.
  • the layers 21, 22 and 23 form a second transmission line of the triplate type, the conductive line of which is located on the layer 22 and the ground planes on the layers 21 and 23.
  • a bushing 28 for connecting the lines 25 of the layers 20 and 22 is made by means of a metallized hole through the conductive layer 21 without contact through a non-metallized chip or pellet.
  • the layer 23 is provided with a coupling slot 26 for feeding a line 17 of the radiating plate 16.
  • This structure makes it possible to obtain a transmission coefficient between the coupling slot 27 and the radiating plate 16 of module substantially equal to one and of easily controllable delay by adjusting the length of the lines 25 of the layers 20 and 22. These lines also induce an additional delay making it possible to obtain an initial fixed score so that the total score varies from 0 ° to 60 ° for a symmetrical movement of the horn 12 by approximately ⁇ 30 °.
  • the Figures 5 and 6 represent an embodiment of the adaptation means 11 for a channel.
  • the adaptation means 11 consists of the metal plates 13a, 13b arranged around the horn 12 (not shown).
  • the propagation of the waves emitted and received by the horn 12 are transmitted to the multilayer supply circuit 14 by a coupling slot 27.
  • the propagation is closed between the metal plates 13a and 13b at the rear of the slot 27 by a metal part 30 whose profile allows the adaptation of the transmission.
  • the supply circuit 14 consists of four layers of printed circuit assembled by gluing.
  • the material used can be for example Rogers RT / duroid 5880 thickness 0.508mm.
  • the layers 13a and 21 are connected in the vicinity of the slot 27 by metallized holes to prevent the propagation of undesirable modes in the circuit.
  • the energy taken by the slot 27 flows in the line 25a and then in the line 25b after changing the layer produced by means of the passage 28.
  • the layers 13a, 21 and 23 are connected in the vicinity of the crossing by metallized holes allowing avoid the spread of undesirable modes in the circuit.
  • the crossing is made by a metallized hole connecting the layers 20 and 22. It passes through the layer 21 without contact through a non-metallized pellet.
  • the coupling at the input of a line of the radiating plate 16 is formed by the slot 26.
  • the layers 21 and 23 are connected in the vicinity of the slot 26 by metallized holes to prevent the propagation of undesirable modes in the circuit.
  • the input of the line of the radiating plate 16 is also made in triplate technology between the radiating line 17 and the ground planes 36 and 37. It is embedded in a metal part 40 ensuring precise positioning and low impedances between the different metal layers 23, 36 and 37.
  • the coupling between the radiating line 17 and the line 25b is obtained thanks to the slot 26 and the connection of the radiating line 17 to the ground plane 37 through the metallized hole 41.
  • the layers 36 and 37 are connected by metallized holes 42 to prevent the propagation of undesirable modes in the circuit.
  • the Figures 7, 8 and 9 give the appearance of the complete circuit for an example of an antenna comprising 49 radiating lines.
  • the coupling slots with the radiating lines 26 are aligned at a step close to half a wavelength (5 mm at 30 GHz).
  • the slots 27 in connection with the horn 12 are arranged on the output curve (close to an arc) at a step also close to half a wavelength.
  • the length of the lines 25a, 25b adjusted by means of the position of the bushings 28 gives the delay necessary for the focusing and the initial pointing of the beam to 30 ° (centrally located horn).
  • This embodiment makes it possible to limit the bulk of the supply circuit 14 to connect the horn 12 to the radiating lines 17.
  • the invention also makes it possible to point all the directions contained in the 60 ° half-angle cone centered on the z axis by means of a rotation of the horn 12 of ⁇ 30 ° approximately around the z 'axis and a rotation of the antenna assembly 360 ° about the z axis.
  • This antenna structure operates in a very wide band of frequencies because the mobile horn 12 provides a score independent of the frequency.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Astronomy & Astrophysics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Waveguide Aerials (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Flachantenne (10) zur Kommunikation per Satellit, umfassend:
    - eine Strahlungsplatte (16), die mindestens eine Strahlungsleitung (17) aufweist, und
    - ein Anpassungsmittel (11), das in der Lage ist, die Verzögerung der von der mindestens einen Strahlungsleitung (17) der Strahlungsplatte (16) emittierten oder empfangenen Felder zu modifizieren,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Anpassungsmittel (11) umfasst:
    - ein Horn (12), das zwischen zwei Metallplatten (13a, 13b) drehbar ist, und
    - einen mehrschichtigen (13a, 20-23) Speiseschaltkreis (14), von dem eine erste Schicht (13a) durch mindestens eine der Metallplatten (13a, 13b) gebildet wird, die ein Netz von Schlitzsensoren enthält, und eine letzte Schicht (23) ist mit mindestens einem Kupplungsschlitz versehen, der mit der mindestens einen Strahlungsleitung (17) der Strahlungsplatte (16) verbunden ist,
    - wobei die erste Schicht (13a) und die letzte Schicht (23) durch mindestens eine Übertragungsleitung (25) verbunden sind,
    - die Länge der mindestens einen Übertragungsleitung (25), die die erste Schicht (13a) und die letzte Schicht (23) verbindet, so angepasst ist, dass sie eine Verzögerung einführt, die notwendig ist, um die von der Strahlungsleitung (17) abgestrahlte Welle zu fokussieren.
  2. Flachantenne nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Horn (12) in der Lage ist, zwischen den Metallplatten (13a, 13b) eine Welle zu übertragen, deren elektrisches Feld senkrecht zu den Metallplatten (13a, 13b) steht.
  3. Flachantenne nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Länge der mindestens einen Übertragungsleitung (25) so angepasst ist, dass sie eine zusätzliche Verzögerung einführt, um eine anfängliche feste Ausrichtung zu erhalten, sodass die gesamte Ausrichtung von 0° bis 60° bei einer symmetrischen Bewegung des Horns (12) um etwa ±30° variiert.
  4. Flachantenne nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Speiseschaltkreis (14) aus fünf Schichten (13a, 20-23) von metallischen Schaltkreisen besteht, die durch vier dielektrische Schichten getrennt werden.
  5. Flachantenne nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zwei Schichten (20, 22) des Speiseschaltkreises (14) durch mindestens ein metallisiertes Loch verbunden sind, das durch eine leitende Schicht verläuft, die mittels einer nichtmetallisierten Unterlage kontaktlos ist.
  6. Flachantenne nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Speiseschaltkreis (14) zusammengeklebt ist.
  7. Flachantenne nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die beiden Metallplatten (13a, 13b), die das Netz von Schlitzsensoren enthalten, in einer Ebene befestigt sind, die parallel zur Ebene der Strahlungsplatte (16) steht.
  8. Flachantenne nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Strahlungsplatte (16) mehrere Strahlungsleitungen (17) aufweist, die im Abstand von einer halben Wellenlänge angeordnet sind.
  9. Flachantenne nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Strahlungsplatte (16) mehrere Strahlungsleitungen (17) aufweist, die aus einer Reihe von Strahlungselementen wie Dipolen, Patches oder Schlitzen bestehen.
  10. Flachantenne nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Strahlungsplatte (16) mehrere Strahlungsleitungen (17) aufweist, die jeweils einen Eingangsverteiler und mehrere Ausgänge entsprechend der Anzahl der Strahlungselemente der Strahlungsleitung aufweisen.
EP15729390.3A 2014-06-13 2015-06-08 Flachantenne zur satellitenkommunikation Active EP3155690B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1455393A FR3022405B1 (fr) 2014-06-13 2014-06-13 Antenne plate de telecommunication par satellite
PCT/EP2015/062683 WO2015189136A1 (fr) 2014-06-13 2015-06-08 Antenne plate de telecommunication par satellite

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3155690A1 EP3155690A1 (de) 2017-04-19
EP3155690B1 true EP3155690B1 (de) 2018-08-29

Family

ID=51905227

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP15729390.3A Active EP3155690B1 (de) 2014-06-13 2015-06-08 Flachantenne zur satellitenkommunikation

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US10038244B2 (de)
EP (1) EP3155690B1 (de)
ES (1) ES2690578T3 (de)
FR (1) FR3022405B1 (de)
WO (1) WO2015189136A1 (de)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10218069B2 (en) * 2015-07-02 2019-02-26 Facebook, Inc. Traces between phase array antenna and radio frequency integrated circuit in mm wave systems

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2566703A (en) * 1947-05-14 1951-09-04 Rca Corp Radio wave focusing device
US3170158A (en) 1963-05-08 1965-02-16 Rotman Walter Multiple beam radar antenna system
GB8531806D0 (en) * 1985-12-24 1986-02-05 Plessey Co Plc Microwave beamforming lens
US6130653A (en) * 1998-09-29 2000-10-10 Raytheon Company Compact stripline Rotman lens
GB2398172A (en) * 2003-02-04 2004-08-11 Thales Plc A multi-phase shifter for use with an antenna array
GB0701087D0 (en) 2007-01-19 2007-02-28 Plasma Antennas Ltd A displaced feed parallel plate antenna

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2015189136A1 (fr) 2015-12-17
FR3022405B1 (fr) 2017-11-24
US10038244B2 (en) 2018-07-31
ES2690578T3 (es) 2018-11-21
EP3155690A1 (de) 2017-04-19
US20170187115A1 (en) 2017-06-29
FR3022405A1 (fr) 2015-12-18

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