EP3843202A1 - Horn für eine zirkular polarisierte duale ka-band-satellitenantenne - Google Patents

Horn für eine zirkular polarisierte duale ka-band-satellitenantenne Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3843202A1
EP3843202A1 EP20216598.1A EP20216598A EP3843202A1 EP 3843202 A1 EP3843202 A1 EP 3843202A1 EP 20216598 A EP20216598 A EP 20216598A EP 3843202 A1 EP3843202 A1 EP 3843202A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
waveguide
walls
antenna
ribs
pair
Prior art date
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Granted
Application number
EP20216598.1A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3843202B1 (de
Inventor
Bertrand BOIN
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Thales SA
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Thales SA
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/02—Waveguide horns
    • H01Q13/0275—Ridged horns
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
    • H01Q1/28—Adaptation for use in or on aircraft, missiles, satellites, or balloons
    • H01Q1/288—Satellite antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/02—Waveguide horns
    • H01Q13/0208—Corrugated horns
    • H01Q13/0216—Dual-depth corrugated horns
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/02—Waveguide horns
    • H01Q13/0208—Corrugated horns
    • H01Q13/0225—Corrugated horns of non-circular cross-section
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/02—Waveguide horns
    • H01Q13/0241—Waveguide horns radiating a circularly polarised wave
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/02—Waveguide horns
    • H01Q13/025—Multimode horn antennas; Horns using higher mode of propagation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/02—Waveguide horns
    • H01Q13/025—Multimode horn antennas; Horns using higher mode of propagation
    • H01Q13/0258—Orthomode horns
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
    • H01Q21/064—Two dimensional planar arrays using horn or slot aerials

Definitions

  • the invention lies in the field of antenna devices, and relates more particularly to an antenna horn for radio communications, in particular by satellite in the Ka band.
  • Polarization diversity In the field of satellite communications, polarization diversity is frequently used to improve spectral efficiency. Polarization diversity consists of transmitting two orthogonally polarized signals in the same frequency band, or in frequency bands which overlap. This makes it possible, for example, to transmit two signals simultaneously, to receive two signals simultaneously, or to transmit and receive two signals simultaneously.
  • Satellite communications are generally done using circularly polarized signals, having both a vertically polarized component and a horizontally polarized component.
  • the aiming of the antennas towards the satellite can be carried out mechanically by orienting a passive antenna (of the parabola type for example), or electronically by using active beam scanning antennas.
  • Electronic scanning antennas are antennas made up of a large number of elementary antennas placed in an array. By adjusting the amplitude and phase of the signals transmitted by each elementary antenna, the direction of the radiation pattern of the scanning antenna can be adjusted. These antennas are more reliable, less bulky, faster and more precise than antennas mounted on mechanical pointing elements.
  • the elementary antennas are arranged in a mesh, the size of the pitch of which impacts the performance of the antenna, in particular its offset.
  • the offset capabilities of the satellite antenna increase as the size of the cell pitch decreases.
  • the expected performances of current electronic scanning antennas require mesh sizes equal to or less than ⁇ / 2, with ⁇ the wavelength associated with the transmission frequency of the satellite signals.
  • ⁇ / 2 is equal to 4.84 mm at the frequency of 31 GHz, which is the highest frequency of the Ka band, and therefore the dimensioning frequency.
  • An elementary antenna for satellite transmissions is generally made up of two waveguides making it possible to route the signals to / from radio communications equipment, a polarizer configured to polarize the signals according to orthogonal circular polarizations, and a horn d. antenna through which signals are transmitted / received.
  • the antenna horn is generally flared so as to achieve the adaptation between the propagation medium in the elementary antenna and the propagation in free space.
  • EP 2,879,236 It consists of a horn having two parts, one part for transmission and one part for reception, connected to a polarizer to polarize the electromagnetic waves circularly.
  • a dielectric is inserted into the elements in order to reduce their electrical dimension with respect to the wavelength, which makes it possible to reduce the size of the elementary antenna.
  • the signals are polarized outside the antenna horn (before the horn when considering the antenna element in the direction of emission), which is suboptimal in terms of compactness and weight. .
  • the use of dielectric to reduce the dimensions of the antenna poses design and reliability problems (detailed below).
  • Such a horn 100 is shown in the figure 1a . It comprises a waveguide 101 extending along a longitudinal axis zz '.
  • the figure 1a represents the horn from behind, that is to say on the signal access side, opposite the radiating side.
  • the waveguide 101 is of square or rectangular section. It is divided in two by a metal wall 102 so as to form two ports 103 and 104, each port being used to inject a signal among the two signals to be transmitted.
  • the ports 103 and 104 are each adapted to the propagation of electromagnetic waves according to the fundamental mode TE10 in the frequency band considered.
  • the TE10 fundamental mode corresponds to a mode of propagation of electromagnetic waves in a waveguide in which the electric field is linear and oriented perpendicular to the long side of the waveguide.
  • the TE10 mode therefore corresponds to a vertically polarized signal, unlike the fundamental TE01 mode, which corresponds to a mode of propagation of electromagnetic waves in a waveguide in which the electric field is linear and oriented horizontally with respect to the long side of the waveguide.
  • its largest side must be dimension greater than the minimum guided wavelength in the frequency band considered.
  • the width of the metal wall 102 separating the two waveguides 103 and 104 is interrupted in the direction of the radiating side of the antenna along the axis zz ', and has a structure in the form of teeth, so as to implement a polarizer septum.
  • a septum polarizer well known to those skilled in the art, makes it possible to circularly polarize a signal by adding a delayed orthogonal component to it. It is designed so that the orthogonal component is 90 ° out of phase and delayed by a quarter of a wavelength, which has the effect of circularly and orthogonally polarizing each of the signals transmitted in ports 103 and 104
  • the horn 100 described in figure 1a therefore performs both the role of radiating element and septum polarizer.
  • the scanning antennas can have a very large number of elementary antennas (up to several thousand), which entails assembly times and significant costs.
  • the non-homogeneous performance of the elementary elements has repercussions on the general performance of the scanning antenna.
  • the size of the antenna horn shown in figure 1a is directly related to the electrical permittivity properties of the dielectric component used. Reducing the size of the horn further requires the design of a new dielectric material of higher permittivity, a complex operation and also expensive. In addition, when the permittivity of a dielectric material increases, the losses also increase. The gain of the antenna, and therefore the link budget and the proposed bit rates, then decrease in proportion.
  • An object of the invention is therefore to describe an antenna horn allowing the transmission of two signals according to orthogonal circular polarizations in Ka band, compatible with integration into an array antenna having a small mesh size (typically less than or equal to ⁇ / 2), and whose design is simplified compared to the antenna of the figure 1a .
  • the antenna horn must make it possible to meet the needs of an increasingly large bandwidth, and an increase in the frequencies used for transmissions.
  • the present invention describes an antenna horn, in particular for satellite communications, comprising a waveguide extending along a longitudinal axis.
  • the waveguide has one open end and one end allowing access to signals transmitted in the waveguide.
  • the opposite widest waveguide walls constitute a first pair of waveguide walls, the other two waveguide walls constitute a second pair of waveguide walls.
  • the waveguide has a square section, any two opposite walls of the waveguide constituting the first pair of walls, the other two opposite walls of the waveguide forming the second pair of walls.
  • the waveguide, the first pair of ribs and the second pair of ribs have dimensions suitable for the propagation of electromagnetic waves according to the propagation modes TE10 and TE01 in the frequency band of the transmitted signals.
  • the two ports have dimensions suitable for the propagation of electromagnetic waves according to the TE10 propagation mode.
  • the antenna horn according to the invention further comprises a layer of dielectric material positioned so as to cover the open end of the waveguide and configured to achieve the adaptation between the propagation to the inside the waveguide and free space propagation.
  • the first and second ribs extend outside the waveguide through its open end, having a flared shape outside the waveguide.
  • the first two ribs have identical heights and widths, and in which the two second ribs have identical heights and widths.
  • one of the ports of the antenna horn formed by the central wall and the waveguide is used for the injection of a first signal at a first frequency.
  • the other port of the antenna horn is used for extracting a signal at a second frequency different from the first frequency.
  • the first frequency and the second frequency are chosen as belonging to the Ka band of the electromagnetic spectrum.
  • the antenna horn according to the invention has a waveguide whose sides of the section are of a size less than or equal to ⁇ / 2, with ⁇ the wavelength of the signals to be transmitted.
  • the invention also relates to an antenna comprising at least one antenna horn according to the invention.
  • the antenna comprises an array of at least two antenna horns according to the invention arranged in a mesh of regular pitch, in which the first and second ribs extend to the outside the waveguides by their open ends having a flared shape.
  • the adjacent antenna horns are then connected by the end of one of their ribs outside the waveguides.
  • the invention relates to radiocommunications equipment comprising an antenna of the invention, and to a method of telecommunications, in particular by satellite, between two stations, comprising the use of radiocommunications equipment according to the invention.
  • the figure 2a shows an antenna horn according to a first embodiment of the invention, in a three-quarter back view.
  • the antenna horn 200 comprises a waveguide 201, of rectangular section, which extends along a longitudinal axis zz '.
  • the waveguide 201 is open at one end at the front, which is the end through which the horn radiates.
  • the other end of the waveguide 201 has ports 202 and 203 through which the signals transmitted by the horn are injected / extracted.
  • the two widest opposing walls 204 and 204 'of the waveguide constitute a first pair of walls.
  • the other two opposite walls 205 and 205 ' constitute a second pair of walls.
  • the first pair of walls can be constituted either by the opposite walls 204 and 204 'or the opposite walls 205 and 205'.
  • the antenna horn according to the invention comprises two ribs 206 and 206 ', located inside the waveguide and forming a protuberance in the middle and over the entire length of each of the walls of the first pair of walls 204 and 204 '.
  • the two ribs 206 and 206 ' are of identical width and height.
  • the antenna horn comprises a flat central wall which extends along the longitudinal axis zz '.
  • the central wall 207 connects the midpoints of the walls of the second pair of walls 205 and 205 '. It thus forms, with the waveguide 201, two independent accesses 202 and 203. These accesses each form a waveguide of rectangular section, of width a and of height b.
  • each of the accesses 202 and 203 forms a ribbed waveguide whose electrical dimension is reduced with respect to the wavelength, which makes the antenna horn compact.
  • the choice in particular of the width a, of the height and of the width of the ribs 206 and 206 ' conditions the propagation of the electromagnetic waves in the waveguides 202 and 203, according to rules known to those skilled in the art, such as described for example in the article WJR Hoefer and MN Burton, "Analytical Expressions for the Parameters of Finned and Ridged Waveguides, "1982 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest, Dallas, TX, USA, 1982, pp. 311-313 .
  • the dimensions of the ports 202 and 203 are chosen to allow the propagation of electromagnetic waves according to the fundamental propagation mode TE10 in the frequency band of interest.
  • the frequency band of interest is the Ka band.
  • they can be adapted to propagation in the frequency band 17.3 - 31 GHz, which covers the transmission and reception bands for Ka-band satellite transmissions.
  • one of the ports can be used to inject a signal to be transmitted into the horn, and the other port can be used to recover a signal received by the horn, the two signals being transmitted to one. same frequency or at different frequencies in the same frequency band.
  • Ribbed waveguides do not involve additional losses compared to conventional waveguides.
  • the format of the waveguide 201 is directly linked to the format of the two accesses 202 and 203 since the distance between its walls 205 and 205 ′ is equal to the width at the accesses 202 and 203.
  • the interior height of the waveguide 201 is equal to twice the height b of the waveguides 202 and 203, plus the thickness of the central wall 207. This wall will therefore be advantageously chosen as being small in front of b.
  • commercial waveguides have a ratio of the height b to the width a of 1/2, but the antenna horn according to the invention can be implemented regardless of the a / b ratio.
  • the figure 2b represents the antenna horn of the figure 2a in a three-quarter-face view, that is to say from the side of the opening of the waveguide 201.
  • the ribs 206, 206 ', 208 and 208' extend outside the waveguide 201, where they take a flared shape so as to achieve the adaptation between the guided propagation to the inside the waveguide 201 and the free space propagation.
  • An elliptical shape is used in the illustrations, but any shape allowing a gradual change in dimension between the inside and the outside of the horn is suitable. In particular, progressive flaring by steps can allow fine adaptation in the two frequency bands.
  • the grooves form a semicircle and fold over the outside of the waveguide 201.
  • This embodiment is advantageous for the networking of antenna horns, but the hatched part of the ribs is not essential for the implementation of an elementary horn according to the invention.
  • the figure 2c represents the antenna horn of the figures 2a and 2b in a three-quarter face view in section along a vertical plane located in the middle of the horn.
  • the central wall 207 connects the two walls 205 and 205 'of the waveguide continuously in their middle.
  • the central wall forms the two ribs 208 and 208 '.
  • the central wall is interrupted towards the open part of the waveguide 201, so as to form a septum polarizer making it possible to polarize the signals transmitted in the two ports 202 and 203 in orthogonal circular polarizations.
  • the polarization function is achieved by designing the central wall so that it transfers part of the energy from the vertical mode to the horizontal mode while applying a delay equal to ⁇ g / 4 between these two modes , with ⁇ g the guided wavelength of the frequency band of interest taking into account the presence of the ribs.
  • the dimensions of the waveguide 201 are chosen so that it is suitable for the propagation of electromagnetic waves according to the propagation modes TE10 and TE01 in the frequency band of interest at its open end, and this in reduced dimensions thanks to the ribs arranged on each of its walls.
  • the first ribs 206 and 206 'positioned against the first pair of waveguide walls and the second ribs 208 and 208' positioned against the second pair of waveguide walls are not necessarily of height and width.
  • the first ribs being dimensioned from the width a of the walls 204 and 204 'for the TE10 propagation mode
  • the second ribs being dimensioned from the width of the walls 205 and 205', equal to 2b plus the height of the central wall 207, for the TE01 propagation mode.
  • the height of the central wall 207 is therefore linked to the width of the ribs allowing propagation according to the TE01 mode in the waveguide 201.
  • the central wall therefore plays a threefold role: it makes it possible to delimit the accesses 202 and 203, to perform the circular polarization function by forming a quarter-wave septum, and to allow the propagation of the circularly polarized waves in a waveguide. of reduced dimensions thanks to its ends 208 and 208 '.
  • the figure 2d represents the antenna horn of the figures 2a and 2b in a three-quarter face view in section along a horizontal plane located in the middle of the horn. It can be observed in particular that the ribs 206 and 206 'form protuberances positioned along and in the middle of opposite walls 204 and 204' of the waveguide 201.
  • the waveguide 201 has a square section.
  • the walls to which the ribs 206 and 206 'are attached can equally well be chosen as being the opposite horizontal walls 204 and 204' or the opposite vertical walls 205 and 205 '.
  • the ribs 206 and 206 'of the horizontal walls and the ribs 208 and 208' of the vertical walls can have the same heights and widths.
  • the rate of ellipticity of the transmitted signals is optimal, and the circular polarization is very pure.
  • the waveguide 201 can be chosen as having a non-square rectangular section, in order for example to have accesses 202 and 203 of standard format with an a / b ratio equal to 1 ⁇ 2, or for a mesh size constrained in order to meet requirements for maximum sweep angle and maximum operating frequency.
  • the figure 3 shows another embodiment of an antenna horn according to the invention, in a three-quarter front view.
  • This embodiment differs from that presented to figures 2a to 2d in that the ribs 206, 206 ', 208 and 208' do not extend outside the waveguide 201.
  • a dielectric layer such as layer 115 must be added at the end open of the antenna horn 300 in order to achieve the adaptation between the guided propagation inside the horn and the propagation in free space.
  • This embodiment has the drawback of requiring the assembly of a layer of dielectric material with the metal part of the horn.
  • the dielectric layer 115 is deposited on the opening of the waveguide 201. It is then simple to assemble and can be fitted in one piece to all the horns of an array of antenna horns according to l invention, thus limiting manufacturing costs.
  • the figure 4 shows an array of antenna horns according to one embodiment of the invention, implementing elementary antenna horns such as that described in figures 2a to 2d .
  • the network 400 has a mesh of pitch ⁇ according to one dimension and of pitch ⁇ according to the other dimension corresponding exactly to the external dimensions of the waveguide 201.
  • Each antenna horn then completely follows the space allocated to it, this which is optimal in terms of occupancy.
  • the adjacent ribs of adjacent cones such as the ribs 401 and 402 are connected so as to form one and the same continuous rib.
  • the absence of discontinuities makes it possible, among other things, to reduce the radar equivalent surface area (SER) of the array antenna.
  • SER radar equivalent surface area
  • the invention therefore relates to a compact antenna horn that can be integrated into an array of elementary antennas.
  • the horn is described in relation to the application case of Ka-band satellite communications, but could be used for any type of communications in a given frequency band involving the transmission of two circularly polarized signals.
  • the invention also relates to radiocommunications equipment comprising an antenna horn or an array of antenna horns according to the invention.
  • the radiocommunications equipment can for example be on board a land or air vehicle.
  • the invention relates to a method of telecommunications, in particular by satellite, between two radiocommunications equipment according to the invention.
  • the method comprises transmitting and / or receiving signals using an antenna horn or an antenna horn array according to the invention.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Astronomy & Astrophysics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Waveguide Aerials (AREA)
EP20216598.1A 2019-12-26 2020-12-22 Horn für eine zirkular polarisierte duale ka-band-satellitenantenne Active EP3843202B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1915417A FR3105884B1 (fr) 2019-12-26 2019-12-26 Cornet pour antenne satellite bi-bande Ka à polarisation circulaire

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EP3843202A1 true EP3843202A1 (de) 2021-06-30
EP3843202B1 EP3843202B1 (de) 2023-09-20

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US (1) US11437727B2 (de)
EP (1) EP3843202B1 (de)
ES (1) ES2964974T3 (de)
FR (1) FR3105884B1 (de)
IL (1) IL279708B2 (de)

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CN114744390B (zh) * 2022-04-26 2024-01-26 北京华镁钛科技有限公司 一种差分波导功分器
CH720221A1 (fr) * 2022-11-11 2024-05-31 Swissto12 Sa Antenne striée à double polarisation

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Publication number Publication date
EP3843202B1 (de) 2023-09-20
FR3105884B1 (fr) 2021-12-03
IL279708A (en) 2021-06-30
US11437727B2 (en) 2022-09-06
US20210203076A1 (en) 2021-07-01
ES2964974T3 (es) 2024-04-10
IL279708B1 (en) 2023-11-01
FR3105884A1 (fr) 2021-07-02
IL279708B2 (en) 2024-03-01

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