EP2889955A1 - Kompaktantennenstruktur für Telekommunikationen über Satelliten - Google Patents

Kompaktantennenstruktur für Telekommunikationen über Satelliten Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2889955A1
EP2889955A1 EP14200359.9A EP14200359A EP2889955A1 EP 2889955 A1 EP2889955 A1 EP 2889955A1 EP 14200359 A EP14200359 A EP 14200359A EP 2889955 A1 EP2889955 A1 EP 2889955A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
elementary
antenna
ghz
patches
receiving
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP14200359.9A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2889955B1 (de
Inventor
Friedman Tchoffo Talom
Guillaume Fondi de Niort
Sophia Thizon
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Thales SA
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Thales SA
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
    • H01Q1/28—Adaptation for use in or on aircraft, missiles, satellites, or balloons
    • H01Q1/288—Satellite antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
    • H01Q21/065—Patch antenna array
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/30—Combinations of separate antenna units operating in different wavebands and connected to a common feeder system
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/30—Arrangements for providing operation on different wavebands
    • H01Q5/378—Combination of fed elements with parasitic elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H01Q9/0414—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna in a stacked or folded configuration
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H01Q9/0428—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna radiating a circular polarised wave
    • H01Q9/0435—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna radiating a circular polarised wave using two feed points

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an elementary antenna, a compact antennal structure for telecommunications comprising such an antenna, a platform comprising the antenna structure and a method of satellite communication between two stations using the antennal structure.
  • the electromagnetic band Ka two distinct frequency bands are involved.
  • the electromagnetic waves of the Ka band have a frequency of between 27 gigahertz (GHz) and 31 GHz while in reception, the electromagnetic waves of the Ka band have a frequency of between 17.3 GHz and 21 GHz. , 2 GHz.
  • the band Ka for the transmission is denoted Tx while the band Ka for the reception is denoted Rx.
  • the polarizations of the transmitting and receiving waves are generally opposite circular type or not.
  • an electronic scanning antenna which can comprise two antenna panels disjoined respectively for the emission of a wave whose central frequency is around 30 GHz and for the reception a wave centered around 20 GHz.
  • the electronic scanning antenna obtained can have a large size corresponding to the radiating surfaces of each of the modes of operation (transmission / reception).
  • the efficiency of such an antenna can be insufficient depending on the elementary antenna used and the associated power supply circuit especially when it is patch type antennas.
  • an antenna structure for telecommunications comprising a transmission surface comprising at least one set of a plurality of elementary transmission antennas forming a network, at least one elementary antenna of emission comprising two patches of generally circular shape at least partially superimposed, said at least one transmitting elementary antenna being sized to emit at least one electromagnetic wave having a frequency of between 27 gigahertz (GHz) and 31 GHz.
  • the antenna structure also comprises a receiving surface comprising at least one set of a plurality of elementary reception antennas forming a network, at least one elementary receiving antenna comprising two patches of generally circular shape at least partially superimposed, said at least one an elementary receiving antenna being sized to receive at least one electromagnetic wave having a frequency of between 17.3 GHz and 21.2 GHz.
  • the invention also relates to a platform, including an aerial platform, comprising at least one antennal structure as described above.
  • the subject of the present invention is also a telecommunication method, especially via satellite, between two stations comprising at least one of the following steps: a step of emitting electromagnetic waves having a frequency between 27 GHz and 31 GHz by an antenna structure as previously described and a step of receiving electromagnetic waves having a frequency between 17.3 GHz and 21.2 GHz by an antenna structure as previously described.
  • an antenna structure 10 having a transmitting surface 11 Tx and a receiving surface 11 Rx as shown in FIG. figure 1 .
  • the transmission surface 11 Tx has a generally rectangular shape and the receiving surface 11 Rx also has a generally rectangular shape.
  • Each 11Tx transmit and receive 11Rx surface accommodates a plurality of elementary antennas 12Tx (for transmission) and 12Rx (for reception).
  • the entire transmission surface 11Tx and the plurality of elementary antennas 12Tx form a transmission panel 13Tx while the entire reception surface 11 Rx and the plurality of elementary antennas 12Rx form a panel 13Rx reception.
  • the structure of the transmission panel 13Tx is detailed by successively describing an elementary antenna 12Tx for transmission ( Figures 2 to 4 ), a line having a plurality of elementary antennas 12Tx for transmission ( figure 5 to 8 ) then the 13Tx transmission panel itself ( Figures 9 to 13 ) .
  • An elementary antenna 12Tx for transmission is represented on the figure 2 . This implies that the elementary antenna 12Tx is able to emit an electromagnetic wave whose wavelength is noted ⁇ 0, this wavelength ⁇ 0 corresponding to a central frequency of the band between 27 GHz and 31 GHz.
  • the elementary antenna 12Tx comprises two patches 14Tx, 16Tx at least partially superimposed.
  • Each 14Tx, 16Tx patch is circular in shape.
  • the first patch 14Tx comprises a first metallized layer 18Tx and a first insulating layer 20Tx, the first metallized layer 18Tx being arranged on the insulating layer 20Tx.
  • the first metallized layer 18Tx is circular in shape and has a first diameter d1Tx.
  • the shape of the first metallized layer 18Tx gives the first patch 14Tx a circular shape.
  • the second patch 16Tx also comprises a second metallized layer 22Tx and a second insulating layer 24Tx, the second metallized layer 22Tx being arranged on the second insulating layer 24Tx.
  • the second metal layer 22Tx has a circular portion 26Tx and two access 28Tx, 30Tx power supply.
  • the circular portion 26Tx is circular in shape and has a second diameter denoted d2Tx.
  • the first access 28Tx comprises two first sections 32Tx and 34Tx, a first proximal section 32Tx in contact with the circular portion 26Tx and a first distal section 34Tx with respect to the circular portion 26Tx.
  • the first proximal section 32Tx is rectilinear and extends along a direction said first proximal direction.
  • the first proximal section 32Tx is normal to the portion of the circular portion 26Tx with which the first proximal section 32Tx is in contact.
  • the first distal section 34Tx is rectilinear and extends in the extension of the proximal section 32Tx along a direction said first distal direction.
  • the first proximal and distal directions make an angle greater than 90 ° between them.
  • the angle between the first proximal direction and the first distal direction is between 120 ° and 145 °.
  • the second port 30Tx comprises two second sections 38Tx and 40Tx, a second proximal section 38Tx in contact with the circular portion 26Tx and a second distal section 40Tx with respect to the circular portion 26Tx.
  • the second proximal portion 38Tx is rectilinear and extends along a direction said second proximal direction.
  • the second proximal portion 38Tx is normal with respect to the portion of the circular portion 26Tx with which the second proximal portion 38Tx is in contact.
  • each access 28Tx, 30Tx is in an angular sector having an angle with respect to the center of the circular portion of less than 180 °.
  • the distance between the two accesses 28Tx and 30Tx is less than 0.5 * ⁇ 0 to allow the realization of the function of pointing by phase shift with the least degradation of the side lobes to remain compatible normalization templates.
  • the distance between the two accesses 28Tx and 30Tx is less than or equal to 0.42 * ⁇ 0.
  • the second distal section 40Tx is rectilinear and extends in the extension of the second proximal section 38Tx along a direction said second distal direction.
  • the second proximal and distal directions are at an angle greater than 90 ° to each other.
  • the angle between the second proximal direction and the second distal direction is between 120 ° and 145 °.
  • the shape of the second metallized layer 22Tx gives the second patch 16Tx a generally circular shape so that it is considered in a simplified manner in the following that the second patch 16Tx has a circular shape.
  • the second diameter d2Tx of the circular portion 26Tx is the diameter of the second patch 16Tx.
  • the first diameter d1Tx and the second diameter d2Tx may be identical.
  • the two patches 14Tx and 16Tx are at least partially superimposed. This means that the two patches 14Tx and 16Tx are at least partially aligned along a first direction Z.
  • the two patches 14Tx and 16Tx are superimposed. This means that the projection of the circular portion 26Tx on the plane comprising the first metallized layer 18Tx coincides with the first metallized layer 18Tx.
  • the circular portion 26Tx and the first metallized layer 18Tx are parallel.
  • the two patches 14Tx and 16Tx are thus spaced in a first direction Z by a distance denoted ezTx.
  • the distance ezTx spacing between the two patches 14Tx and 16Tx along the first direction Z is between 0.5 millimeters (mm) and 2.0 mm.
  • the distance ezTx spacing between the two patches 14Tx and 16Tx along the first direction Z is between 0.75 mm and 1.5 mm.
  • the spacing distance ezTx between the two patches 14Tx and 16Tx along the first direction Z, the diameter d1Tx and d2Tx of the patches 14Tx and 16Tx make it possible to determine the frequency or frequencies at which (or which) the elementary antenna 12Tx is adapted to emit.
  • the elementary antenna 12Tx is sized to transmit frequencies between 27 GHz and 31 GHz (Tx band). This means that such an elementary antenna 12Tx has first and second diameters d1Tx, d2Tx between 2.5 mm and 4 mm. The upper bound corresponds to the product of 0.4 by the wavelength ⁇ 0 that the elementary antenna 12Tx is able to emit.
  • a constraint on the geometry of the second patch 16Tx is imposed.
  • the second patch 16Tx is then writable in a rectangle whose extension exTx along a second direction X is between 4.0 mm and 4.4 mm and the eyTx extension along a third direction Y is included between 3.8 mm and 4.2 mm.
  • the two directions X and Y are perpendicular to each other and to the first direction Z.
  • the Figures 3 and 4 show that over the entire band of interest (in this case, it is the Tx band), the ellipticity rate is relatively low as well as the standing wave ratio (noted for simplicity by the corresponding acronym, namely TOS, in all the figures in which this rate appears).
  • the elementary antenna 12Tx therefore has a wide band, ie a band greater than 5% around the central operating frequency, with circular polarization and very good radiation efficiency (in particular the axial ratio for such a small antenna is better than in the state of the art and the apodization of the radiation pattern for the transmitted wave is facilitated during networking).
  • the two patches 14Tx and 16Tx are arranged so that the second metal layer 22Tx faces the first insulating layer 20Tx.
  • the two patches 14Tx and 16Tx are arranged so that the second metal layer 22Tx faces the first metal layer 18Tx.
  • the network 50Tx comprises twenty-four elementary antennas 12Tx.
  • Each elementary antenna 12Tx of the figure 5 is identical to the elementary antenna 12Tx described with reference to the figure 2 .
  • some antennas are different.
  • the elementary antennas 12Tx are arranged regularly along a line thus forming the network 50Tx.
  • the elementary antennas 12Tx are connected together to form the network 50Tx.
  • the connection is made via two straight lines that provide power to the unit network.
  • the 50Tx network thus formed on transmission has two ports which, depending on the power supply, can radiate an electromagnetic wave in the desired frequency band according to the desired circular polarization.
  • the network 50Tx has an extension ex2Tx along the second direction X between 4 mm and 6 mm.
  • the extension ex2Tx along the second direction X is between 4.5 mm and 5.5 mm.
  • the network 50Tx also has an extension ey2Tx along the third direction Y between 160 mm and 190 mm.
  • the extension ey2Tx along the third direction Y is between 165 mm and 185 mm.
  • each elementary antenna 12Tx of the network 50Tx is powered by an electromagnetic wave.
  • Each elementary antenna 12Tx captures the electric field from this electromagnetic wave so that the network 50Tx emits a wave in the desired frequency band.
  • the 50Tx network has a gain of the order of 20 dB, which shows the good radiation efficiency of the antenna structure with respect to its dimensions, that is to say the extension ex2Tx along the second direction X and extension ey2Tx along the third direction Y.
  • the figure 9 illustrates the 13Tx emission panel of the figure 1 .
  • the elements identical to the embodiment of the figure 5 are not described again. Only the differences are highlighted.
  • the 13Tx transmit panel has eight 50Tx networks instead of a single 50Tx network.
  • the number of antennas for the network 50Tx is chosen according to a dimensional constraint applied along the third direction Y.
  • Each 50Tx network is parallel to other 50Tx networks.
  • the elementary antennas 12Tx are arranged in staggered rows. Such an arrangement makes it possible to maintain the performances in terms of stability of the ellipticity rate during the networking of the overall structure as well as during the achievement of the phase shift pointing.
  • the emission panel 13Tx has an extension ex3Tx along the second direction X between 40 mm and 50 mm.
  • the extension ex3Tx along the second direction X is between 45 mm and 48 mm.
  • the ex3Tx extension along the second X direction is related to the number of 50Tx network antennas considered. In the case presented on the figure 9 the extension ex3Tx along the second direction X is about nine times the size of an elemental antenna.
  • the transmission panel 13Tx also has an extension ey3Tx along the third direction Y between 160 mm and 190 mm.
  • the extension ey3Tx along the third direction Y is between 165 mm and 185 mm.
  • the extension ey3Tx along the third direction Y is related to the number of elementary antennas 12Tx considered.
  • the performance in terms of ellipticity rate and advantages granted by the emission panel 13Tx are similar to the performances and advantages granted by the elementary antenna 12Tx of the figure 2 as shown by the study of the figure 12 .
  • the transmission panel 13Tx has a gain of the order of 28 dB, which corresponds to a compact antennal structure effective at the operating frequency considered.
  • the structure of the reception panel 13Rx of the figure 1 is detailed by successively describing an elementary antenna 12Rx for reception ( Figures 14 to 16 ), a line comprising a plurality of elementary antennas 12Rx for reception ( Figures 17 to 20 ) then the reception panel 13Rx itself ( Figures 21 to 24 ).
  • the figure 14 illustrates a basic antenna 12Rx for reception. Elements identical to the elementary antenna 12Tx for the transmission of the figure 2 are not described again. Only the differences are highlighted.
  • the reference signs of the elements of the elementary antenna 12Rx for reception are followed by a suffix Rx instead of the suffix Tx for the corresponding elements of the elementary antenna 12Rx.
  • An elementary antenna 12Rx for reception is represented on the figure 14 . This implies that the elementary antenna 12Rx is adapted to receive an electromagnetic wave whose wavelength is noted ⁇ 0, this wavelength ⁇ 0 corresponding to a frequency between 17.3 GHz and 21.2 GHz.
  • the elementary antenna 12Rx is sized to receive frequencies between 17.3 GHz and 21.2 GHz (Rx band). This means that such an elementary antenna 12Rx has first and second diameters d1 Rx, d2Rx between 4.5 mm and 7 mm.
  • the second patch 16Rx is then writable in a rectangle whose extension exRx along the second direction X is between 6.6 mm and 7.0 mm and the eyRx extension along the third direction Y is between 6 , 0 mm and 6.4 mm.
  • the performance and benefits of the 12Rx basic antenna for reception are similar to the performance and benefits of the 12Tx elementary antenna for the broadcast, as shown by the study of Figures 15 and 16 .
  • the figure 17 illustrates a 50Rx network for reception according to the invention.
  • the network 50Rx comprises eighteen elementary antennas 12Rx.
  • the number of antennas for the network 50Rx is chosen according to a dimensional constraint applied along the third direction Y.
  • Each elementary antenna 12Rx of the figure 17 is identical to the elementary antenna 12Rx described with reference to the figure 14 .
  • some antennas are different.
  • the elementary antennas 12Rx are arranged regularly along a line thus forming the network 50Rx.
  • the elementary antennas 12Rx are connected together to form the network 50Rx.
  • the connection is made via a straight line that provides power to the unit network.
  • the network 50Rx thus formed at the reception has two accesses which, depending on the power supply, allow an electromagnetic wave to be received in the desired frequency band according to the desired circular polarization.
  • the network 50Rx has an extension ex2Rx along the second direction X between 6 mm and 8.5 mm.
  • the extension ex2Rx along the second direction X is between 7.6 mm and 8.0 mm.
  • the network 50Rx also has an extension ey2Rx along the third direction Y between 180 mm and 200 mm.
  • the extension ey2Rx along the third direction Y is between 185 mm and 195 mm.
  • the ey2Rx extension along the third Y direction is related to the number of elementary antennas 12Rx considered.
  • the performance in terms of ellipticity rate and standing wave ratio granted by the network 50Rx are similar to the performances and advantages granted by the elementary antenna 12Rx according to the example of the figure 14 as shown by the study of Figures 18 and 19 .
  • the 50Rx network has a gain of the order of 18 dB, which corresponds to a compact antennal structure effective at the operating frequency considered.
  • the figure 21 illustrates the reception panel 13Rx of the figure 1 .
  • the elements identical to the embodiment of the figure 17 are not described again. Only the differences are highlighted.
  • the 13Rx receiving panel has eight 50Rx networks instead of a single 50Rx network.
  • Each 50Rx network is parallel to other 50Rx networks.
  • the elementary antennas 12Rx are arranged in staggered rows. Such an arrangement makes it possible to maintain the performances in terms of stability of the ellipticity rate during the networking of the overall structure as well as the achievement of the phase shift pointing.
  • the receiving panel 13Rx has an extension ex3Rx along the second direction X between 60 mm and 80 mm.
  • the extension ex3Rx along the second direction X is between 65 mm and 75 mm.
  • the ex3Rx extension along the second X direction is related to the number of 50Tx networks considered.
  • the receiving panel 13Rx also has an extension ey3Rx along the third direction Y between 190 mm and 210 mm.
  • the extension ey3Rx along the third direction Y is between 195 mm and 205 mm.
  • the extension ey3Rx along the third direction Y is related to the number of elementary antennas 12Tx considered.
  • the antenna structure 10 has a reduced bulk and a reduced weight compared to the antenna structures of FIG. the state of the art for identical radiation performance. This reduced weight makes it possible to reduce the stresses, in particular in the case where the complete antenna is accompanied by a mechanical positioner.
  • this antenna structure 10 on a single-layer substrate makes it easy to insert the rear side at ground plane level, with the least stress and impact on the radiation performance, coupler devices, power supply. and phase shift to provide control and choice of polarization as well as phase and amplitude law for orienting the radiation pattern in the desired direction in electronic scanning pattern.
  • the antenna structure 10 is also capable of transmitting or receiving circularly polarized electromagnetic waves without the use of an additional polarizer. This better compactness is accompanied by a gain in lightness and a gain in radiation performance over a wide frequency band compatible with the intended application. In addition, the antenna structure 10 is easy to produce and can be manufactured at low cost.
  • the proposed antenna structure 10 can be used for telecommunications applications between two stations, in particular by satellite. It should be noted that in this case, the radiation pattern of the antenna structure 10 thus produced is in accordance with the templates specified for use with certain satellites.
  • Such an antenna structure 10 is advantageously usable in a platform, especially aerial type helicopter or drone.
  • the compactness of the antenna structure 10 makes it possible to reduce the constraints on the implementations of equipment in the platform.
  • the antennal structure 10 presented with reference to the figure 1 is an example of an antenna structure 10 having the compactness properties described above.
  • Other similar antennal structures 10 are also conceivable, in particular with a number of different 12Rx elementary reception and / or 12Tx transmit antennas and a different arrangement of these.
  • These various antennal structures 10 are antennal structures for telecommunications, in particular satellite, having a reduced footprint in terms of depth and pointing capabilities by using an electronic scanning principle while allowing to obtain a good broadband communication. quality, especially in terms of gain, ellipticity rate and compatible side lobes of the normative templates.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Astronomy & Astrophysics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Waveguide Aerials (AREA)
EP14200359.9A 2013-12-26 2014-12-26 Kompaktantennenstruktur für Telekommunikationen über Satelliten Active EP2889955B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1303086A FR3016101B1 (fr) 2013-12-26 2013-12-26 Structure antennaire compacte pour telecommunications par satellites

Publications (2)

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EP2889955A1 true EP2889955A1 (de) 2015-07-01
EP2889955B1 EP2889955B1 (de) 2022-06-15

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US (1) US9515383B2 (de)
EP (1) EP2889955B1 (de)
ES (1) ES2926923T3 (de)
FR (1) FR3016101B1 (de)
IL (1) IL236366B (de)
MY (1) MY167615A (de)
SG (1) SG10201408635YA (de)

Citations (1)

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US5905465A (en) * 1997-04-23 1999-05-18 Ball Aerospace & Technologies Corp. Antenna system
US6864853B2 (en) * 1999-10-15 2005-03-08 Andrew Corporation Combination directional/omnidirectional antenna
DE10316637A1 (de) * 2003-04-11 2004-10-28 Robert Bosch Gmbh Radar-Antennenanordnung
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Title
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GARCIÌ A-AGUILAR A ET AL: "Printed antenna for satellite communications", PHASED ARRAY SYSTEMS AND TECHNOLOGY (ARRAY), 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON, IEEE, PISCATAWAY, NJ, USA, 12 October 2010 (2010-10-12), pages 529 - 535, XP031828623, ISBN: 978-1-4244-5127-2 *
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Publication number Publication date
ES2926923T3 (es) 2022-10-31
IL236366A0 (en) 2015-04-30
SG10201408635YA (en) 2015-07-30
FR3016101B1 (fr) 2016-02-05
FR3016101A1 (fr) 2015-07-03
EP2889955B1 (de) 2022-06-15
US9515383B2 (en) 2016-12-06
US20150188231A1 (en) 2015-07-02
IL236366B (en) 2019-06-30
MY167615A (en) 2018-09-20

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