EP0161127B1 - Flache Antenne mit schneller mechanischer Abtastung - Google Patents

Flache Antenne mit schneller mechanischer Abtastung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0161127B1
EP0161127B1 EP19850400517 EP85400517A EP0161127B1 EP 0161127 B1 EP0161127 B1 EP 0161127B1 EP 19850400517 EP19850400517 EP 19850400517 EP 85400517 A EP85400517 A EP 85400517A EP 0161127 B1 EP0161127 B1 EP 0161127B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
mirror
guide
plane
antenna according
plates
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP19850400517
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0161127A1 (de
Inventor
Joseph Roger
Jean-Louis Pourailly
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Thales SA
Original Assignee
Thomson CSF SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Thomson CSF SA filed Critical Thomson CSF SA
Publication of EP0161127A1 publication Critical patent/EP0161127A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0161127B1 publication Critical patent/EP0161127B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/12—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system using mechanical relative movement between primary active elements and secondary devices of antennas or antenna systems
    • H01Q3/16—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system using mechanical relative movement between primary active elements and secondary devices of antennas or antenna systems for varying relative position of primary active element and a reflecting device
    • H01Q3/20—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system using mechanical relative movement between primary active elements and secondary devices of antennas or antenna systems for varying relative position of primary active element and a reflecting device wherein the primary active element is fixed and the reflecting device is movable

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a flat antenna with rapid mechanical scanning and in particular a flat antenna with scanning in one plane by frequency and, in the other plane, by rapid mechanical scanning.
  • This antenna has the advantage of not presenting any moving part visible to an observer.
  • an antenna In the case where it is desired to monitor a determined portion of territory, an antenna is used, the scanning angles of which are in azimuth and in elevation. This type of antenna can be used in particular in radars called “anti-mortar radar” making it possible to observe part of a battlefield.
  • Such antennas use electronic scanning systems in the two planes and are therefore of high cost. These systems indeed require an electronic phase shifter at the input of each radiating element. They also require a power distribution device between the phase shifters. Furthermore, the phase shifters must be subject to precise adjustment, which is always difficult to achieve.
  • a mechanical scanning antenna is described, described in document FR 1 269 316 in which the antenna array receives the wave to be transmitted by a directional coupler.
  • the device has the disadvantages of having a low scanning angle and of being difficult to implement.
  • the invention provides an inexpensive flat radar antenna, not using a diode or ferrite phase shifter, therefore having no losses like electronic phase shifters.
  • This radar antenna includes a source of emission 1.
  • This source of emission could be a monopulse emission horn.
  • the emission source 1 emits a divergent beam 10 in a direction parallel to the axis Ox. This beam is received by a collimator device 2 of the collimator lens type which emits a collimated beam 11. Two flat plates 3 and 4 of conductive material, parallel to the xOy plane, allow the beams 10 and 11 to be guided.
  • the network 8 consists of the juxtaposition of dispersing radiating lines parallel to Oy and whose direction of radiation depends on the frequency emitted.
  • the network 8 consists of slot guides, such as the guide 80, arranged in a plane xOy and comprising emission slots 81.
  • This type of guide is well known in the art.
  • the grating 8 emits a beam radiating in a direction carried by a cone with an axis Oy and whose angle at the top varies with frequency.
  • the mirror 6 is movable around an axis 9. It can rotate as indicated by the arrows F1 and F2, around this axis.
  • the height h of this plate is less than the distance d separating the two plates 3 and 4 so that there is no friction between the mirror 6 and the plates 3 and 4.
  • the direction of polarization E of the plane wave 11 is parallel to the axis Oy, that is to say transverse and parallel to the guide plates 3 and 4. Under these conditions, the play existing between the mirror 6 and plates 3 and 4 do not give rise to energy losses.
  • the residual gap constitutes in guided space at "breaking", taking into account the wavelength of the energy propagating between the plates 3 and 4, therefore preventing propagation beyond the mirror 6.
  • the beam transmitted to the dispersive network 8 is substantially equiphase.
  • the direction of the emitted beam is at the intersection of the cone of axis Oy previously described and a cone of axis Ox of angle at the top depending on the position of the mirror 6.
  • the angle of the inclination of the mirror 6 and rt / 4 radians corresponds to an angle at the top of rr / 2 radians, therefore a degenerate cone confused with the plane yOz.
  • the variations of the angle at the top of the first cone described allow a first type of scanning which will be used as elevation scanning
  • the variations of the angle at the top of the second cone described (scanning mechanical by tilting the mirror 6) allow a second type of sweep then used as sweep in deposit.
  • the antenna thus allows a site sweeping thanks to the frequency agility of the system and the field sweeping is due to the oscillation of the mirror 6 between the plates 3 and 4.
  • the hinge axis 9 has been placed as close as possible to the dispersive network 8 so that the transverse sliding of the reflected plane wave is as low as possible.
  • This arrangement makes it possible to limit the increase in the length of the network to around 10% for the chosen deflections. It is quite obvious that the axis could be located in a different place from that chosen, one would then obtain a lower output.
  • the frequency of oscillation of the mirror 6 and therefore of the scanning in the field will, for example, be between 2 and 3 Hz, and may reach 10 Hz by making a very light mobile assembly, of the resonant mechanical type, for the mirror 6.
  • the antenna thus produced is therefore extremely flat. Seen from the outside, although there is a mechanical sweep between the plates 3 and 4, the assembly is fixed which guarantees its discretion.
  • the emission source 1 and the collimator device 2 can be mounted between two plates 12 and 13 attached, in the antenna operating position, to the plates 3 and 4 guiding the beam 11 in the oscillation zone of the mirror 6.
  • a hinge pin 20 connects the plate 12 to the plate 3. It is therefore possible to fold the assembly of plates 12, 13, emission source 1 and collimator device 2, below the guide plate 3, which will facilitate handling and transport of the antenna.
  • the network 8 of guides 80 is arranged in such a way that the inlet openings of each guide have their long side perpendicular to the planes of the plates 3 and 4 and therefore their short side parallel to these planes.
  • the adaptation to the input of the network can be done without complicated intermediary, the polarization of the incident wave then being perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the guides to within ⁇ 20 ° for example and also perpendicular to the long sides of these same guides.
  • transition line 14 between the guide plates 3 and 4, and the dispersive plane network 8 are provided coupling means called transition line 14.
  • This transition line makes it possible to retransmit to the dispersive network 8 all the energy reflected by the mirror 6.
  • the entry face of the dispersive array 8 may have dimensions different from those of the reflected beam.
  • the transition line is produced in the form of an equiphase distributor 14, as shown in FIG. 7.
  • This equiphase distributor ensures that the distance traveled between the exit from the guide planes 3 and 4, and the entry of the network 8 is the same at all points of the beam. This is shown in Figure 7 by more or less wavy connections depending on the route adopted. This equiphase distributor thus ensures conservation of the phases as imposed by the reflection on the mirror 6.
  • the guided space 5, comprised between the guide plates 3 and 4 is provided with a dielectric material as shown in FIGS. 8 to 10.
  • the plates 3 and 4 are provided with dielectric plates 15 and 16. Between the plates 15 and 16 is left an empty space 17 of thickness f intended to receive the mirror 6.
  • the thickness of the mirror 6 therefore has a thickness e less than thickness f to allow oscillation around axis 9.
  • the overall dielectric constant of the plate 15, 16 and space 17 assembly is greater than unity.
  • the width b of the mirror 6 is at least equal to the wavelength guided in the dielectric medium so that there is a cut and the wave does not propagate beyond the mirror 6.
  • the advantage of the variant thus described lies in the fact that the dimensions of the antenna can be reduced.
  • the amplitude of oscillation of the mirror 6 can be reduced, which is important from the mechanical point of view.

Landscapes

  • Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)

Claims (10)

1. Flachantenne mit mechanischer Abtastung, mit einer Sendequelle (1), die einen divergierenden Strahl (10) auf eine Kollimationsvorrichtung (2) abstrahlt, welche einen parallelisierten Strahl (11) mit bestimmter linearer Polarisationsrichtung (E) an ein Sendenetz (8) überträgt, das aus linearen Zerstreuungsnetzen (80) besteht, deren Strahlungsrichtung von der ausgesandten Frequenz abhängt, wobei die Antenne weiter aufweist:
-zwei flache und parallele Führungsmittel (3, 4), die zu beiden Seiten des parallelisierten Strahls (11) parallel zur linearen Polarisationsrichtung (E) des Strahls angeordnet sind und ein Medium (5) zu Führung des Strahl begrenzen, und
-eine ausrichtbare Reflexionsvorrichtung (6) zwischen den beiden flachen Führungsmitteln (3 und 4), wobei die Reflexionsvorrichtung ein Flachspiegel (6) ist, dessen Reflexionsebene (7) senkrecht zu den Ebenen der Führungsmittel steht,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Höhe (h) des Spiegels kleiner als der die beiden Führungsplatten (3, 4) trennende Abstand (d) ist, derart, daß keine Reibung zwischen dem Spiegel (6) und den Führungsplatten (3, 4) entsteht, und daß Übergangsmittel (14; Fig 7) zwischen dem Spiegel (6) und dem Sendenetz (8) vorhanden sind und Mikrowellenleitungen (14) gleicher elektrischen Länge aufweisen, die die Aufrechterhaltung der Phasenlage zwischen dem Spiegel (6) und dem Sendenetz (8) sichern.
2. Antenne nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Spiegel (6) um eine Schwenkachse (9) schwenkbar ist, die senkrecht zu den beiden Führungsplatten (3, 4) steht.
3. Antenne nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sich die Schwenkachse (9) des Spiegel (6) am dem Sendenetz (8) am nächsten liegenden Rand des parallelisierten Strahls (11) befindet.
4. Antenne nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Führungsmedium (5) aus einem Stoff besteht, dessen globale Dielektrizitätskonstante größer als Eins ist.
5. Antenne nach Anspruch 1 oder 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Reflexionsvorrichtung eine orientierbare leitende Lamelle (6) aufweist, deren zu den Ebenen der Führungsmittel (3, 4) quer und parallel verlaufende Abmessung (b) mindestens gleich der Länge der im zusammengesetzten dielektrischen Medium geführten Welle ist.
6. Antenne nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Führungsmedium (5) eine ebene, parallel zu den Führungsmitteln verlaufende Luftschicht (17) aufweist, in welcher die leitende Lamelle (6) angeordnet ist, wobei die Abmessungen der Luftschicht eine Drehbewegung der leitendem Lamelle zulassen.
7. Antenne nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der flache Raum (17) in der zu den Führungsmitteln parallelen Ebene die gleichen Abmessungen wie die leitende Lamelle (6) besitzt.
8. Antenne nach einem der Ansprüche 7, 8 oder 9, wonach die Dicke der leitenden Lamelle (6) so bemessen ist, daß die Dicke des zu beiden Seiten der Lamelle angeordneten Dielektrikums die Energieausbreitung zu beiden Seiten der Lamelle nicht zuläßt.
9. Antenne nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie folgende Komponenten aufweist: eine erste und eine zweite Führungsplatte (12 und 13), welche die Sendequelle (1) und die Kollimationsvorrichtung (2) einrahmen und die Führung des ausgesandten Strahlen (10 und 11) ermöglichen, eine dritte und eine vierte Führungsplatte (3 und 4), welche in der Verlängerung der ersten bzw. der zweiten Führungsplatte angeordnet sind, den Spiegel (6) einrahmen und den Strahl (11) führen, und eine Schwenkachse, welche die erste und dritte Platte (12 und 3) miteinander verbindet und ein Umfalten der aus der ersten und der zweiten Platte (12 und 13) sowie aus der Quelle (1) und der Kollimationsvorrichtung (2) bestehenden Gesamtheit auf die dritte Platte (3) ermöglicht.
10. Antenne nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es für die Reflexionsvorrichtung (6) eine mittlere Position gibt, in der sie den parallelisierten Strahl (11) in eine Richtung wirft, die im wesentlichen senkrecht zu ihrer Einfallsrichtung steht, und daß die Reflexionsvorrichtung um diese mittlere Position herum schwenkbar ist.
EP19850400517 1984-03-23 1985-03-18 Flache Antenne mit schneller mechanischer Abtastung Expired - Lifetime EP0161127B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8404552 1984-03-23
FR8404552A FR2561824B1 (fr) 1984-03-23 1984-03-23 Antenne plate a balayage mecanique rapide

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0161127A1 EP0161127A1 (de) 1985-11-13
EP0161127B1 true EP0161127B1 (de) 1990-09-12

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Family Applications (1)

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EP19850400517 Expired - Lifetime EP0161127B1 (de) 1984-03-23 1985-03-18 Flache Antenne mit schneller mechanischer Abtastung

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EP (1) EP0161127B1 (de)
DE (1) DE3579618D1 (de)
FR (1) FR2561824B1 (de)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107404000B (zh) * 2017-07-14 2020-03-31 南京邮电大学 一种糖铲型扇形波束水平扫描天线

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE882430C (de) * 1951-10-02 1953-07-09 Siemens Ag Antenne fuer sehr kurze elektrische Wellen
GB745038A (en) * 1953-12-31 1956-02-15 British Thomson Houston Co Ltd Improvements relating to scanning aerials
FR1269316A (fr) * 1960-07-01 1961-08-11 Csf Dispositif de répartition de puissance entre lignes de transmission
FR1370602A (fr) * 1962-04-04 1964-08-28 Marconi Co Ltd Perfectionnements aux antennes
DE1937583C3 (de) * 1969-07-24 1973-11-29 North American Rockwell Corp., El Segundo, Calif. (V.St.A.) Radarantenne mit einer Strahlermatnx zur Erzeugung eines frequenzgesteuert und eines phasengesteuert geschwenkten Radar Strahles

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0161127A1 (de) 1985-11-13
FR2561824B1 (fr) 1987-12-18
FR2561824A1 (fr) 1985-09-27
DE3579618D1 (de) 1990-10-18

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