EP1142661A2 - Verfahren zur Herstellung von Verbundpulvern auf Basis Silber-Zinnoxid und deren Verwendung zur Herstellung von Kontaktwerkstoffen - Google Patents
Verfahren zur Herstellung von Verbundpulvern auf Basis Silber-Zinnoxid und deren Verwendung zur Herstellung von Kontaktwerkstoffen Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1142661A2 EP1142661A2 EP01107637A EP01107637A EP1142661A2 EP 1142661 A2 EP1142661 A2 EP 1142661A2 EP 01107637 A EP01107637 A EP 01107637A EP 01107637 A EP01107637 A EP 01107637A EP 1142661 A2 EP1142661 A2 EP 1142661A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- silver
- tin oxide
- oxide
- solution
- process according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/18—Non-metallic particles coated with metal
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/12—Both compacting and sintering
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/16—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes
- B22F9/18—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes with reduction of metal compounds
- B22F9/24—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes with reduction of metal compounds starting from liquid metal compounds, e.g. solutions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C32/00—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
- C22C32/001—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with only oxides
- C22C32/0015—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with only oxides with only single oxides as main non-metallic constituents
- C22C32/0021—Matrix based on noble metals, Cu or alloys thereof
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H1/00—Contacts
- H01H1/02—Contacts characterised by the material thereof
- H01H1/021—Composite material
- H01H1/023—Composite material having a noble metal as the basic material
- H01H1/0237—Composite material having a noble metal as the basic material and containing oxides
- H01H1/02372—Composite material having a noble metal as the basic material and containing oxides containing as major components one or more oxides of the following elements only: Cd, Sn, Zn, In, Bi, Sb or Te
- H01H1/02376—Composite material having a noble metal as the basic material and containing oxides containing as major components one or more oxides of the following elements only: Cd, Sn, Zn, In, Bi, Sb or Te containing as major component SnO2
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for producing Compound powders based on and out of silver-tin oxide manufactured contact materials.
- Materials for electrical contacts in energy technology usually consist of silver and certain metallic and / or oxidic additives. These will mainly manufactured by powder metallurgy.
- the oxide components were primarily selected with the Goal of improving the mentioned contact properties, So the reduction of the specific burn, the Contact resistance, the overtemperature and the Welding power and welding frequency, as a prerequisite for high resilience, durability and reliability of the Contact system.
- Typical oxide additives for contact materials in energy technology based on Ag / SnO 2 are tungsten oxide, molybdenum oxide, bismuth oxide, copper oxide and indium oxide, which are used individually or in combination due to their specific effect.
- the oxides were selected primarily from a thermodynamic point of view and based on the wetting behavior in the Ag liquid / SnO 2 system (JEANNOT et al. [IEEE Proceedings Holm Conference 1993, p.51]).
- the further processing of the composite powder into semi-finished products or contact pieces is usually done by cold isostatic compression of the powder, sintering and Extrusion and by forming to final dimensions.
- the powder metallurgical mixing technology for the production of Compound powders include mechanical homogenization of solid feedstocks in powder form, mostly only that Silver and the oxidic additive, but often also more Additives or sintering aids, in a mixer.
- the method can be both dry and wet (e.g. with water, alcohol etc.) are used, but is limited to powder with Grain sizes larger than 1 ⁇ m.
- the conventional mixing technique joins in for the production of composite powders finely dispersed oxide distributions based on the given Particle and grain sizes and more or less pronounced agglomerate formation at technical limits.
- Internal oxidation is a process in which the formation of the oxidic additive either on one from the melt atomize alloy powder or on the powder metallurgical or melt-metallurgically produced end product.
- this technique is only more specific further action on most of the typically Oxides used can be used. If successful Prevention of external oxidation phenomena that lead to Passivation of the process can lead to oxide particles adjustable with particle sizes around 100 nm.
- EP 0 370 891 describes the production of Contact materials made of silver-tin oxide particles that possibly still small amounts of copper oxide as May contain dopants obtained thereby become a tin oxide of a certain particle size containing silver nitrate solution added a strong base to deposit silver oxide on the tin oxide particles.
- This method is regarding the selection of dopants limited, since a large part of that for contact materials solve interesting dopants in a strongly basic environment and therefore cannot be found in the precipitation product.
- U.S. Patent 5,846,288 describes the manufacture of Compound powders by precipitating silver onto certain, optionally doped with selected elements oxidic base materials described. Here are especially compacting, Breaking and grinding operations are required to get out of the Precipitation product to a homogeneous and free-flowing powder obtained, from which compact contact materials are then made can be.
- the precipitation process takes place either in the Way that a suspension of the oxide in silver nitrate solution in a reaction container with a reducing agent - hydrazine hydrate is disclosed - or vice versa, Hydrazine hydrate in a reaction container with a Suspension of the oxide in silver nitrate solution is sprayed.
- Hydrazine is hazardous to health and the environment and therefore problematic.
- the procedure has the other Disadvantage that a not inconsiderable proportion finely divided, isolated and therefore not on oxide particles bound silver particles, which results in homogeneity the composite powder is fundamentally impaired.
- In the Further processing into compact material shows that form large silver clusters in it on a large scale.
- the present invention was therefore based on the task of specifically influencing and improving the processing and contact properties for contact materials based on Ag-SnO 2 with an essentially customary composition by designing the manufacturing process accordingly, in particular with the aim of maximum homogeneity and particle fineness expand their scope. Above all, the broadest possible selection of dopants and in particular indium oxide should be able to be used.
- the invention thus relates to a method for Production of composite powders based on silver-tin oxide through chemical-reductive precipitation of the silver particulate tin oxide, which is characterized in that to precipitate the silver into an aqueous suspension of tin oxide with intensive mixing at the same time but with separate feeding one solution each Silver compound and a solution of a reducing agent in equivalent stoichiometric amount continuously over the Reaction course can be added.
- the invention further relates to the use of composite powders thus produced for powder metallurgical production of contact materials based on silver-tin oxide.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of the apparatus for carrying out the precipitation reaction of the process according to the invention.
- aqueous one Oxide suspension (2) submitted in a reaction container (1) there is an aqueous one Oxide suspension (2) submitted. This is done by a stirrer (3) mixed thoroughly.
- the nozzles of which are located under the Liquid level of the oxide suspension (2) is located this simultaneously a solution of the silver compound (4 ') and the reducing agent (5') supplied, whereby metallic silver on the suspended oxide particles is noticed.
- silver compounds such as in particular silver salts are used, which are in aqueous Medium are soluble.
- Typical such silver salts are such as silver nitrate, silver acetate, silver carbonate, Silver citrate and silver oxalate.
- Silver nitrate used.
- the silver compounds are in Water or a suitable water-miscible Solvent dissolved, if necessary the pH is adjusted to a possible failure of the Avoid silver compound.
- the procedure according to the invention for the precipitation of the Silver on the suspended oxide while at the same time separate supply of a solution of a silver compound and a solution of a reducing agent at intense Mixing ensures immediate wrapping of the Oxide particles with silver and thus their protection against optionally aggressive, oxide-dissolving components of the reductive precipitant.
- Typical Precipitants are reducing agents from the group Ascorbic acid, citric acid, oxalic acid, formic acid or Hydroxylamine. Ascorbic acid is preferably used.
- the Reducing agents are also conveniently in Water or a suitable water-miscible Solvent dissolved.
- the supply of silver salt solution and reducing agent solution to the oxide particle suspension takes place in stoichiometrically equivalent amounts continuously over the course of the reaction to a uniform precipitation of silver towards the oxide particles guarantee.
- the typical second phase is tin oxide (SnO 2 ).
- This can be provided with further additives, for example with In 2 O 3 , WO 3 , Bi 2 O 3 , MoO 3 , CuO, but preferably In 2 O 3 .
- the preferred ratio of SnO 2 to other oxides, such as In 2 O 3 in particular, is 3: 1 or higher, depending on the requirements for the contact material to be produced from the powder with regard to the switching load.
- the proportions of Silver salt, tin oxide and optionally oxide additives are preferably chosen so that in the composite powder 2nd up to 16% by weight of tin oxide and 0.05 to 10% by weight of additional oxides, The rest of the silver is present.
- the method according to the invention allows the finest use Second phases. With regard to maximum oxide homogeneity and Subtleties are expediently used with second phases Particle sizes smaller than 1 ⁇ m are used.
- the method according to the invention is moreover largely uncritical with regard to the amounts of Starting materials, their respective concentration in the respective aqueous solution or suspension and the Feed rate of silver salt solution and reducing agent solution for oxide particle suspension, if only for one sufficiently intensive mixing, for example with the help of a usual high-energy stirring system.
- the silver salt solution delivery rate was 0.002 to 0.2 mol / sec and and for the reducing agent solution Proved 0.001 to 0.1 mol / sec. It is special here of advantage if the locally separate feeding of the Solution of the silver salt and the solution of the Reducing agent below the liquid level of the Oxide suspension takes place.
- the method according to the invention is particularly suitable Dimensions for the production of particularly homogeneous, with Indium oxide-doped silver-tin oxide composite powder, which in comparable quality so far only according to the internal oxidation could be produced.
- the metallographic examination of the contact material shows a uniform, homogeneous agglomerate-free structure with maximum particle sizes of Oxide phases of 130 nm with a coefficient of variation of maximum 10%.
- Table 1 shows selected material data for indium oxide-doped silver-tin oxide composite powder of the composition according to the above example and contact materials produced therefrom in comparison with a corresponding gross composition according to the prior art by internal oxidation.
- Properties micro profile 0.6 mm thickness
- State of the art Invention (example)
- Microstructure Oxide particle size [nm] 129 133
- Coefficient of variation [%] 5-10 5-10
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Metal Powder And Suspensions Thereof (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Eigenschaften (Mikroprofil 0,6 mm Dicke) | Stand der Technik | Erfindung (Beispiel) |
Mikrostruktur | ||
Oxidpartikelgröße[nm] | 129 | 133 |
Oxidpartikelabstand[nm] | 644 | 700 |
Variationskoeffizient[%] | 5-10 | 5-10 |
Mechanische Kennwerte | ||
Vickershärte HV5 | 107 | 123 |
Bruchdehnung A [%] | 10 | 9 |
Bruchfestigkeit Rm [Nmm-2] | 352 | 375 |
Rm x A x 10-2 [Nmm/mm3] | 35,2 | 33,7 |
Claims (10)
- Verfahren zur Herstellung von Verbundpulvern auf Basis Silber-Zinnoxid durch chemisch-reduktive Fällung des Silbers auf partikelförmiges Zinnoxid,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zur Fällung des Silbers zu einer wäßrigen Suspension des Zinnoxids bei intensiver Durchmischung gleichzeitig aber unter getrennter Zuführung je eine Lösung einer Silberverbindung und eine Lösung eines Reduktionsmittels in stöchiometrisch äquivalenter Menge kontinuierlich über den Reaktionsverlauf hinweg zugegeben werden. - Verfahren nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als Silberverbindung ein Silbersalz aus der Gruppe Silbernitrat, Silberacetat, Silbercarbonat, Silbercitrat und Silberoxalat eingesetzt werden. - Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als Fällungsmittel ein Reduktionsmittel aus der Gruppe Ascorbinsäure, Zitronensäure, Oxalsäure, Ameisensäure oder Hydroxylamin eingesetzt wird. - Verfahren nach den Ansprüchen 1 bis 3,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sich in der wäßrigen Dispersion des Zinnoxids zusätzlich mindestens eines der Oxide In2O3, Bi2O3, CuO, WO3 und MoO3 befindet. - Verfahren nach den Ansprüchen 1 bis 4,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Anteile an Silbersalz, Zinnoxid sowie gegebenenfalls Oxidzusätze so gewählt werden, daß in dem Verbundpulver 2 bis 16 Gew.% Zinnoxid und 0,05 bis 10 Gew.% Zusatzoxide, Rest Silber vorliegen. - Verfahren nach den Ansprüchen 1 bis 5,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in dem Verbundpulver 2 bis 16 Gew.% Zinnoxid, 0,5 bis 8 Gew.% Indiumoxid und 0 bis 2 Gew.% an weiteren Oxiden, Rest Silber vorliegen. - Verfahren nach den Ansprüchen 1 bis 6,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß Oxide mit Partikelgrößen kleiner 1 µm eingesetzt werden. - Verfahren nach den Ansprüchen 1 bis 7,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine Zuführungsrate für die Silbersalzlösung von 0,002 bis 0,2 mol/sec und und für die Reduktionsmittellösung von 0,001 bis 0,1 mol/sec eingestellt wird. - Verfahren nach den Ansprüchen 1 bis 8,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die örtlich getrennte Zuführung der wäßrigen Lösung des Silbersalzes und der wäßrigen Lösung des Reduktionsmittels unter dem Flüssigkeitsspiegel der Oxidsuspension erfolgt. - Verwendung der Verbundpulver erhältlich nach einem
Verfahren gemäß den Ansprüchen 1 bis 9 zur pulvermetallurgischen Herstellung, von Kontaktwerkstoffen auf Basis Silber-Zinnoxid.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10017282 | 2000-04-06 | ||
DE10017282A DE10017282C2 (de) | 2000-04-06 | 2000-04-06 | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Verbundpulver auf Basis Siler-Zinnoxid und deren Verwendung zur Herstellung von Kontaktwerkstoffen |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1142661A2 true EP1142661A2 (de) | 2001-10-10 |
EP1142661A3 EP1142661A3 (de) | 2003-05-28 |
EP1142661B1 EP1142661B1 (de) | 2005-08-24 |
Family
ID=7637888
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP01107637A Expired - Lifetime EP1142661B1 (de) | 2000-04-06 | 2001-03-28 | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Verbundpulvern auf Basis Silber-Zinnoxid |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6409794B2 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1142661B1 (de) |
AT (1) | ATE302662T1 (de) |
DE (2) | DE10017282C2 (de) |
Cited By (2)
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CN100452259C (zh) * | 2006-03-17 | 2009-01-14 | 乐百令 | 银-镍电触头制造工艺 |
WO2011086167A1 (de) | 2010-01-15 | 2011-07-21 | Umicore Ag & Co. Kg | Elektrisches kontaktelement und verfahren zur herstellung eines elektrischen kontaktelements |
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US7410610B2 (en) * | 2002-06-14 | 2008-08-12 | General Electric Company | Method for producing a titanium metallic composition having titanium boride particles dispersed therein |
US6921510B2 (en) * | 2003-01-22 | 2005-07-26 | General Electric Company | Method for preparing an article having a dispersoid distributed in a metallic matrix |
US7416697B2 (en) | 2002-06-14 | 2008-08-26 | General Electric Company | Method for preparing a metallic article having an other additive constituent, without any melting |
US7329381B2 (en) * | 2002-06-14 | 2008-02-12 | General Electric Company | Method for fabricating a metallic article without any melting |
US7531021B2 (en) | 2004-11-12 | 2009-05-12 | General Electric Company | Article having a dispersion of ultrafine titanium boride particles in a titanium-base matrix |
US7336466B2 (en) * | 2005-02-25 | 2008-02-26 | Lincoln Global Inc. | Contactor material for welding wire feeder |
DE102005038235A1 (de) * | 2005-08-12 | 2007-02-15 | Umicore Ag & Co. Kg | Verwendung von Indium-Zinn-Mischoxid für Werkstoffe auf Silberbasis |
EP1915765B1 (de) * | 2005-08-12 | 2010-08-04 | Umicore AG & Co. KG | Werkstoff auf der basis silber-kohlenstoff und verfahren zu dessen herstellung |
US7566437B2 (en) * | 2006-03-31 | 2009-07-28 | Umicore Ag & Co. Kg | Process for manufacture of silver-based composite powders for electrical contact materials and composite powders so produced |
US9580810B2 (en) | 2007-02-27 | 2017-02-28 | Mitsubishi Materials Corporation | Dispersion of metal nanoparticles, method for producing the same, and method for synthesizing metal nanoparticles |
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EP0369282A2 (de) * | 1988-11-17 | 1990-05-23 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Niederspannungsschaltgeräte-Sinterkontaktwerkstoff der Energietechnik, insbesondere für Motorschütze |
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-
2000
- 2000-04-06 DE DE10017282A patent/DE10017282C2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2001
- 2001-03-28 DE DE50107166T patent/DE50107166D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-03-28 EP EP01107637A patent/EP1142661B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-03-28 AT AT01107637T patent/ATE302662T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-04-04 US US09/825,363 patent/US6409794B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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EP0369282A2 (de) * | 1988-11-17 | 1990-05-23 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Niederspannungsschaltgeräte-Sinterkontaktwerkstoff der Energietechnik, insbesondere für Motorschütze |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
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BEHRENS V ET AL: "AN ADVANCED SILVER/TIN OXIDE CONTACT MATERIAL" PROCEEDINGS OF THE HOLM CONFERENCE ON ELECTRICAL CONTACTS. PITTSBURGH, SEPT. 27 - 29, 1993, NEW YORK, IEEE, US, Bd. CONF. 39, 27. September 1993 (1993-09-27), Seiten 19-25, XP000419850 * |
CHANG H ET AL: "NOVEL METHOD FOR PREPARATION OF SILVER-TIN OXIDE ELECTRICAL CONTACTS" JOURNAL OF HEAT TREATING, SPRINGER VERLAG, NEW YORK, US, Bd. 1, Nr. 2, 1. April 1992 (1992-04-01), Seiten 255-260, XP000277287 ISSN: 0190-9177 * |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN100452259C (zh) * | 2006-03-17 | 2009-01-14 | 乐百令 | 银-镍电触头制造工艺 |
WO2011086167A1 (de) | 2010-01-15 | 2011-07-21 | Umicore Ag & Co. Kg | Elektrisches kontaktelement und verfahren zur herstellung eines elektrischen kontaktelements |
DE102010014745A1 (de) | 2010-01-15 | 2011-07-21 | Tyco Electronics AMP GmbH, 64625 | Elektrisches Kontaktelement und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines elektrischen Kontaktelements |
US8749330B2 (en) | 2010-01-15 | 2014-06-10 | Umicore Ag & Co. Kg | Electric contact element and method for producing an electric contact element |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1142661A3 (de) | 2003-05-28 |
DE50107166D1 (de) | 2005-09-29 |
US6409794B2 (en) | 2002-06-25 |
ATE302662T1 (de) | 2005-09-15 |
DE10017282C2 (de) | 2002-02-14 |
US20010051102A1 (en) | 2001-12-13 |
EP1142661B1 (de) | 2005-08-24 |
DE10017282A1 (de) | 2001-10-18 |
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