EP1139361B1 - Elektrische Schaltungsanordnung zur Meldung von Zustandsinformationen, insbesondere für Eisenbahnmaterial, und System mit einer solchen Einrichtung - Google Patents

Elektrische Schaltungsanordnung zur Meldung von Zustandsinformationen, insbesondere für Eisenbahnmaterial, und System mit einer solchen Einrichtung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1139361B1
EP1139361B1 EP01400349A EP01400349A EP1139361B1 EP 1139361 B1 EP1139361 B1 EP 1139361B1 EP 01400349 A EP01400349 A EP 01400349A EP 01400349 A EP01400349 A EP 01400349A EP 1139361 B1 EP1139361 B1 EP 1139361B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
state
electric circuit
circuit
circuit breaker
representing
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EP01400349A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1139361A1 (de
Inventor
Michel Bert
Ladimir Prince
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Alstom SA
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Alstom SA
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Priority claimed from FR0004160A external-priority patent/FR2807193A1/fr
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Publication of EP1139361A1 publication Critical patent/EP1139361A1/de
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/16—Indicators for switching condition, e.g. "on" or "off"
    • H01H9/167—Circuits for remote indication
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/60—Auxiliary means structurally associated with the switch for cleaning or lubricating contact-making surfaces
    • H01H1/605—Cleaning of contact-making surfaces by relatively high voltage pulses

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electrical circuit for the routing of all-or-nothing information, particularly for an application in the railway field.
  • these signals are representative of the state of a circuit breaker or the open or closed position of a car access door.
  • the signals are intended to be routed with a high degree of security and availability, making the use of computer-based low-energy links unsuitable.
  • One solution currently used is to connect to the two terminals of a battery a closed loop electrical circuit, which comprises in series at least one switch linked to the state of the body to be monitored, a resistor, and a galvanically isolated connection connected to the receiving device of the information contained in the signal, for example the electronic controller control circuit or the control and signaling board.
  • the open or closed position of the switch is representative of the state of a parameter or equipment.
  • a current whose intensity is limited by the resistance, circulates in the circuit.
  • no current flows.
  • the presence or absence of this current is transformed by the galvanically isolated connection into an all or nothing information communicated to the electronic circuit.
  • a train has a plurality of such circuits connected to the terminals of the same accumulator.
  • This current is consumed at a loss in the resistance.
  • the battery generally supplying several circuits, and other equipment, the voltage it delivers varies over time with the level of the load at its terminals.
  • the intensity of the current in the circuit therefore also varies, in proportion to the state of charge of the accumulator.
  • the amount of heat dissipated increases with the number of switches and information to be transmitted.
  • DE-A-4,221,916 discloses an electric circuit according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the invention aims to reduce the aforementioned drawbacks of the prior art.
  • the purpose of the invention is therefore to provide the routing of all-or-nothing information with a high degree of reliability and availability, while reducing the power dissipated by the Joule effect.
  • the invention also relates to an electrical system for transmitting a plurality of status information, characterized in that it comprises an accumulator and a plurality of electrical circuits, as defined above, each intended to transmit a state information and connected in parallel across said accumulator.
  • each switch being associated to an organ or equipment of said railway train, to control its state or position.
  • FIG. 1 A first embodiment of an electrical system 1 according to the invention is illustrated in FIG. 1
  • the electrical system 1 is able to transmit a plurality of all or nothing information to an electronic control circuit 2 of the controllers.
  • the electrical system 1 comprises a plurality of elementary electrical circuits CE (i), here n in number, connected in parallel to the terminals of a supply accumulator 3.
  • each elementary circuit CE (i ) is able to transmit information all or nothing representative of the state of an organ or equipment to be controlled, including a railway vehicle equipment.
  • a connection S (1) ... S (i) ... S (n) retrieves at the output of each elementary circuit CE (i), the all or nothing information by means of a connection which will be described below. to transmit it to one of the input ports P (1) ... P (i) ... P (n) of the electronic circuit 2.
  • the electronic circuit 2 also includes output ports 4 for example for the control of PLCs (not shown).
  • the supply accumulator 3 the electrical system 1 and the electronic circuit 2 are intended to be embedded in a train. It goes without saying that the electronic control circuit 2 of PLCs can be replaced by a control and signaling board or by any device capable of receiving and processing an all or nothing information.
  • the supply accumulator 3 is the only source of DC voltage for the entire train. Also, the various on-board equipment that requires a DC power supply are powered by this single battery 3. The voltage it delivers is therefore likely to vary over time, depending on the load at its terminals, between 0.6 times and 1.4 times its nominal voltage.
  • Accumulators 3 generally currently used in trains, have nominal voltages of 24 volts, 36 volts, 48 volts, 96 volts and 110 volts.
  • This elementary electrical circuit CE (i) entering the construction of the electrical system 1 has been isolated in FIG. 2.
  • This elementary circuit CE (i) comprises a loop B fed by the accumulator 3 and which comprises , arranged in series, a state switch 5, an inductor 6, a galvanically isolated connection 7 which can for example be achieved by means of an optocoupler, and two branches 8 and 9 in parallel.
  • the flow direction of a current in the loop B from the + terminal to the - terminal of the battery 3 defines a positive orientation of this loop B.
  • the branch 8 comprises, arranged in series, a transistor 10 and a regulating device 11 controlling said transistor 10.
  • the polarization of the transistor 10 is such that a current flowing between the two main electrodes, other than that of the control, of the transistor is positive according to the conventional orientation of the B loop adopted previously.
  • the regulating device 11 comprises means for measuring the intensity of the current flowing through the branch 8, as well as a clock (not shown).
  • the second branch 9 comprises a diode 12 and a capacitor 13 in series.
  • a resistor 14 is disposed between a point P of the branch 9 located between the diode 12 and the capacitor 13, and the + terminal of the accumulator 3.
  • the diode 12 is polarized so as to prevent the discharge of the capacitor 13 other than by the resistor 14.
  • the organ or the equipment whose state is to be controlled actuates the closing and opening of the state switch 5.
  • the control frequency of the transistor 10 is set, for example around 240 kHz, by the clock of the regulator 11.
  • T a period defined as the inverse of this control frequency of the transistor 10, which period is, in the example described fixed, but which can be made variable in other embodiments, the transistor 10 is consecutively turned on then blocked.
  • the duty cycle ⁇ equal to the time during which the transistor 10 is passing divided by the period T, is variable. It is determined by the regulating device 11 by comparing the peak value of the current traversing the branch 8 during a period T to a set value of the order of 25 mA stored in the regulating device 11, in order to regulate the current in the loop B.
  • the current i 6 has reached a value such that the duty cycle ⁇ begins to move away from its initial value equal to 1 and the transistor 10 is blocked.
  • the inductor 6 is demagnetized by a current i 12 passing through the diode 12, towards the point P.
  • This current i 12 divides into P in two currents i 13 and i 14 which respectively traverse the capacitor 13 and the resistor 14.
  • the current i 14 is initially relatively low, since most of the current i 12 from the diode 12 is applied to the capacitor 13.
  • the current i 13 increases the charge of the capacitor 13 and the potential V p at the point P increases above of its initial value E.
  • the transistor 10 is switched on again and if the switch 5 is still closed, the cycle just described repeats several times in an almost identical manner, except that the potential V p at point P now increases.
  • V p gradually increases to tend towards a stabilization value after the transient phase which has just been described.
  • FIGS. 3a, 3b and 3c illustrate the operation of the elementary circuit CE (i) once it has entered this substantially stabilized regime where the current flowing in the inductor is not interrupted.
  • curve 3a shows the variation of current i 6 in function of time in the inductor 6
  • curves 3b and 3c show the contribution of this current i 6 in the intensities of the respectively current i 10 flowing through the transistor 10 and the current i 12 passing in the diode 12.
  • the potential E of the accumulator 3 is applied to the inductor 6.
  • the intensity of the current i 6 increases approximately linearly over time t with a slope E The , from a minimum intensity i 6m to a maximum intensity i 6M .
  • This current i 6 through the inductor 6 flows partly into the closed loop comprising the inductor 6, the diode 12, the capacitor 13, the accumulator 3 and the switch 5.
  • the other part of this current i 6 flows in the resistor 14 and goes through the closed loop comprising the inductor 6, the diode 12, the resistor 14 and the switch 5.
  • the capacitor 13 also discharges during the time ⁇ T, while the diode 12 is blocked, by an amount that must be equal on average to its recharge by the diode 12 during the time (1- ⁇ ) T , in steady state.
  • the capacitor 13 When it discharges, the capacitor 13 returns a portion of its energy to the circuit by supplying at least the switch 5, the inductor 6, the galvanically isolated connection 7 and the transistor 10, and possibly also supplying the accumulator 3.
  • the capacitor 13 discharges, and a part of its energy is transferred to the inductor 6 which is magnetized, which generates the current i 6 in the 5, the inductance 6, the galvanically isolated connection and the transistor 10.
  • the inductance demagnetizes and a part of its energy is transferred to the capacitor 13 which is charge, which generates the current i 6 in the switch 5, the inductor 6 and the connection with galvanic isolation 7.
  • the current i 6 is therefore partly the consequence of a transfer of energy from the capacitor 13 to the inductor 6, then from the inductance 6 to the capacitor 13. It should be noted that between these two phases of transfer of energy, the polarity of the connections between the inductor 6 and the capacitor 13 are reversed.
  • the accumulator 13 maintains the energy level of the circuit by compensating for the losses, in particular in the resistor 14.
  • the accumulator 3 also has the function of supplying the initial energy to the circuit during the transient start phase commented previously.
  • the regulation device 11 determines the duty cycle ⁇ so as to regulate the intensity of the current i 6 which passes through the inductor 6.
  • the current i 6 increases. Conversely, this current i 6 decreases when the transistor 10 is off.
  • the cyclic ratio ⁇ thus determines the durations of the growth and decay phases of the current i 6 during a period T. By increasing one of said durations relative to the other, the regulating device 11 can vary the intensity of the current i 6 between the beginning and the end of the period T.
  • the position of the galvanically isolated connection 7 in series with the switch 5 is advantageous since the signal that it generates at the output is a substantially faithful image of the current flowing through this switch 5.
  • the current coming from the capacitor 13 or outgoing current and which passes through the resistor 14 is the one which ensures the discharge of the capacitor 13.
  • the average current leaving the capacitor 13 is equal to the current i 6 coming from the inductance 6 that goes into it.
  • the latter is fixed by the regulating device 11.
  • the current coming from the capacitor 13 and passing through the resistor 14 is also determined by the regulating device 11.
  • the potential difference V P -E across the resistor 14 is set to a value proportional to the voltage. intensity of this current and inversely proportional to the value R of this resistor 14. Also, the value R of the resistor 14 makes it possible to determine the potential difference V P -E, the value of the current i 6 being fixed elsewhere.
  • the accumulator 3 maintains the energy level in the circuit, and only the power it releases for this purpose is consumed by Joule effect.
  • the current i 6 in the switch 5 is not limited only by a resistor which necessarily dissipates energy by Joule effect as in the cited prior art, but also by the alternative transfer of a quantity of energy which causes a growth then a decrease of this current i 6 and allows its regulation.
  • the intensity of the current i 6 injected into the circuit is regulated by its maximum value i 6M which is independent of the voltage E delivered by the accumulator 3. Contrary to what is obtained in the prior art, a variation of the voltage E delivered by the accumulator 3 does not introduce a variation of the current consumed by the resistor 14.
  • the galvanically isolated connection consists of a magnetic coupling produced by a transformer 7 ', with an air gap in the case where the DC component of the current flowing through the primary is large, the primary winding of which also forms, at least in part, that of the inductor 6.
  • the secondary is, for its part, connected to the connection S (i).
  • the galvanically isolated connection 7 has been moved from a position in series with the inductor 6 to a position in series with the transistor 10, on the branch 8.
  • the operation of the elementary circuit CE (i) remains the same, the output signal recovered on the connection S (i) being intermittent as the current i 10 which passes through the transistor 10.
  • Means for smoothing or averaging this output signal can be provided on the output circuit associated with the output connection S (i).
  • the regulation device 11 has been replaced by a regulation device 11 'which comprises means for measuring the voltage V P across the capacitor 13.
  • the regulation device 11 determines the duty cycle ⁇ and controls the transistor 10 so as to regulate the voltage V P across the capacitor 13 around a set value.
  • An advantageous control variant uses a measurement of the voltage V p -E across the resistor 14 to regulate the current in the resistor 14 by the relation (V p -E) / R and thus the power dissipated (V p -E ) 2 / R, while maintaining a current in the switch 5 slightly decreasing as a function of the voltage of the accumulator 3.
  • the galvanically isolated connection may be arranged on any one of the branches of the elementary circuit CE (i), for example in series with the diode 12, the capacitor 13 or with the resistor 14.
  • the transistor 10 can be replaced by any type of controlled switch.
  • the output information can be generated by the regulating device 11 or 11 ', which then fulfills the function of the galvanically isolated connection 7 or 7', on the basis of the value of the duty cycle ⁇ , which is equal to to 1 when the switch 5 is open and deviates from 1 when it is closed.
  • a failure for example following the failure of a component can occur, in an elementary circuit CE (i) according to the invention, without being detected or at least not before a time that can be longer or shorter. such a possibility affecting the reliability sought.
  • the state switch determines the passage of the current in this elementary circuit CE (i), it may be envisaged, in a first step, to use it to perform a test of operation in which the actual reception of the all-or-nothing signal is checked.
  • this state switch is not always accessible and / or easily operable. For example, it can be placed in a place on the train away from the place where the reception is tested.
  • the elementary circuit CE (i) illustrated in FIG. 7 comprises means 15 able to test its correct operation, whatever the position of the state switch.
  • This elementary circuit CE (i) has a basic structure identical to that of the first embodiment of the invention illustrated in Figure 2 and previously commented, and has the same elements. However, the state switch and the galvanically isolated link are here formed respectively of a voltage inverter 5 'and an optocoupler 7 ", this particular choice being only intended to illustrate certain characteristics.
  • the means 15 for testing the correct operation of the elementary circuit CE (i) comprise a protection diode 16 arranged between the voltage inverter 5 'and the inductor 6, and polarized so as to allow the passage of a positive current according to the conventional orientation of the B loop adopted previously.
  • another series circuit comprises another protection diode 17, a test switch formed of a transistor 18, and a test accumulator 19, all of which belong to the means 15.
  • the protection diode 17 and the test accumulator 19 are polarized so that the latter is able to supply the elementary circuit CE (i ), with the exception of the voltage inverter 5 ', producing a current of direction identical to that provided by the supply accumulator 3, in place of the latter.
  • the protective diode 17 is advantageously disposed downstream of the transistor 18, itself disposed downstream of this test battery 19.
  • the means 15 for testing the correct operation of the electric circuit CE (i) also comprise an automatic test unit 20, connected to the transistor 18 and advantageously to the regulating device 11, and receiving the status information transmitted by the opto- 7 "coupler thanks to a connection on connection S (i).
  • the protection diode 16 is located on one side or the other of the assembly comprising the voltage inverter 5 'and the supply accumulator 3 in series.
  • optional charges C (1)... C (j)... C (m) but represented to illustrate certain operating characteristics, formed for example of relays, actuators, circuit breaker closing coils and / or or of indicator lamps, and whose state, like that of the opto-coupler 7 ", is intended to be connected to the open or closed position of the voltage inverter 5 ', are each arranged in parallel with the series circuit comprising the voltage inverter 5 'and the supply accumulator 3, with the exception of the protective diode 16.
  • the automatic test unit 20 is capable of conducting an automated test verifying that the electrical circuit CE (i) is functioning correctly, said test being triggered for example by each new start of the train.
  • the voltage inverter 5 ' whose operation can be made tedious because of the large number of such switches, can be indifferently in an open or closed position.
  • the automatic test unit 20 commands the transistor 18 to close, thus ensuring that the portion of the electrical circuit CE (i) located downstream of the protection diode 16 is energized.
  • This unit 20 verifies the transmission, in the connection S (i), of information representative of the passage of a current in the opto-coupler 7 ", which must occur when this part of the circuit CE (i), located downstream of the protection diode 16, operates correctly.
  • the galvanically isolated connection here is formed of an opto-coupler 7 ", it should also be verified that the phototransistor of this opto-coupler, passing when it receives the luminous information due to the passage of a current in the associated light-emitting diode returns to its off state, corresponding to an open switch, in the absence of this current, but, as previously mentioned, the voltage inverter 5 'can be in any state.
  • the automatic test unit 20 maintains, via the regulating device 11, the transistor 10 in the off state
  • the current flowing through the opto-coupler 7 "s' gradually cancels out due to the energy stored in the inductor 6, during a transient period which can be estimated at 5 times the time constant of this inductance (5xL / r).
  • the voltage at the terminals of the test battery 19 is here chosen to be equal to or less than that at the terminals of the accumulator 3, the current that could flow through the resistor 14 of the one towards the other of these two accumulators due to the potential difference across their terminals is blocked by the protective diode 17.
  • the automatic test unit 20 verifies that the signal it receives the connection S (i) effectively corresponds to a blocked state of the phototransistor of the opto-coupler 7 ".
  • the protective diode 17 prevents a current from being established between these two accumulators, if the inverter Voltage 5 'is closed at the moment when the automatic test unit 20 keeps the transistor 18 in the on state.
  • this protection diode 17 further protects the transistor 18 destructive effects of a too high negative voltage at its terminals.
  • the protection diode 16 isolates the accumulators 3 and 19 and avoids a current from one to the other, when the test voltage is greater than the supply voltage, a situation that can be encountered when the second step of the aforementioned test is not provided, for example because the galvanically isolated connection is not an optocoupler.
  • This protection diode 16 also prevents a short-circuit current emitted by the test battery 19 from being set up when the voltage inverter 5 'is in the open position, that is to say when it disconnects. the elementary circuit CE (i) of the supply accumulator 3 and imposes a zero voltage across this electric circuit CE (i), while, parallel, the transistor 18 is passing. Of course, this situation that is to be avoided does not exist when a simple switch is disposed in place of this voltage inverter 5 '.
  • the protection diode 16 also avoids being powered by the test battery 19, when the transistor 18 is conducting, the charges C (1) ... C (j) ... C (m), of which it is appropriate remember that the state is intended to be linked to that of the voltage inverter 5 '.
  • the supply accumulator 3 while keeping its arrangement inside the electrical circuit CE (i), can also be connected so as to replace the test accumulator 19.
  • the The supply accumulator successively fulfills two distinct functions over time, thus making it possible to economize on a specific test accumulator.
  • the transistor 18 is then connected directly in parallel with the voltage inverter 5 '.
  • the protection diode 17 becomes superfluous.
  • the protective diode 16 only the presence of the charges C (1) ... C (j) ... C (m) or the use of a voltage inverter 5 'instead of a simple switch make it necessary.
  • any type of switch can replace the voltage inverter 5 ', it has been chosen only to illustrate the particular role performed by the protective diode 16 in the case where it is used.
  • the opto-coupler 7 "having been chosen for similar reasons, it too can be replaced by any other component capable of making a connection with galvanic isolation, some of them, such as for example the previously mentioned transformer, do not require a second test phase, since they can not generate alone, that is to say in the absence of any current passing through them, an output signal on the connection S (i) corresponding to such a current In this case, the connection connecting the automatic test unit 20 to the regulating device 11 is no longer necessary.
  • transistor 18 may be replaced by any component fulfilling the function of controlled switch.
  • the means 15 for testing the correct operation of the electric circuit CE (i) are intended to be adapted to any variant embodiment of the invention, for example to all those which have previously been described, although these means have been presented in FIG. a particular combination with only one of them.
  • the invention is not limited to a railway application, but relates to the transmission, in any field, of all-or-nothing information.
  • This reduction in size makes it possible to reduce the size of a reading channel, and thus to make room for a larger number of reading circuits on an identical electronic card surface, despite a larger number of components.
  • Means 15 for automatically testing the operation of the electrical circuit CE (i) have the particular advantage of being in the form of a simple circuit, using few components and, therefore, inexpensive.
  • these means 15 allow to implement a test whose coverage rate is close to 100%, only the protective diode 16 is not verified.

Landscapes

  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Electronic Switches (AREA)
  • Train Traffic Observation, Control, And Security (AREA)
  • Arrangements For Transmission Of Measured Signals (AREA)
  • Remote Monitoring And Control Of Power-Distribution Networks (AREA)

Claims (26)

  1. Elektrische Schaltanordnung (CE(i)) zur Übertragung des Zustands eines Parameters oder eines Geräts, welche dazu bestimmt ist, an den Klemmen einer Versorgungsbatterie (3) angeschlossen zu werden und welche enthält:
    - eine galvanisch isolierte Verbindung (7; 7') zwischen der elektrischen Schaltanordnung (CE(i)) und einem Ausgang (S(i)) für die Ausgabe einer Zustandsinformation und
    - einen Zustandsschalter (5; 5'), dessen geöffnete oder geschlossene Position repräsentativ für die Zustandsinformation ist und der im Nicht-Test-Zustand den Durchgang eines Stroms in der Schaltanordnung (CE(i)) bestimmt,
    wobei die elektrische Schaltanordnung (CE(i)) die Meldung der Information über den Zustand des Zustandsschalters (5; 5') mittels der galvanisch isolierten Verbindung (7; 7') in Richtung des Ausgangs (S(i)) bewirkt,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie Mittel zur Regelung der Stromstärke in dem Zustandsschalter (5; 5') umfasst, wobei sie Mittel zur Umschaltung (10,12) der Verbindungen zwischen den Elementen aufweist, von denen die elektrische Schaltanordnung (CE(i)) gebildet ist und in Reihe mit dem Zustandsschalter (5; 5') geschaltete induktive Speicherungsmittel (6) und kapazitive Speicherungsmittel (13) umfasst, die im stationären Zustand jeweils abwechselnd Speicherungsmittel und Mittel zur Rückgabe eines Teils der Energie der elektrischen Schaltanordnung (CE(i)) bilden entsprechend dem wechselseitigen Zustand der Verbindungen zwischen den verschiedenen Elementen der elektrischen Schaltanordnung (CE(i)), der von den Umschaltmitteln bestimmt wird.
  2. Elektrische Schaltanordnung (CE(i)) entsprechend Anspruch 1,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die galvanisch isolierte Verbindung (7, 7') mit dem Zustandsschalter (5; 5') in Reihe geschaltet ist.
  3. Elektrische Schaltanordnung (CE(i)) entsprechend Anspruch 1 oder 2,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Mittel zur Regelung der Stromstärke in dem Zustandsschalter (5; 5') ferner Mittel (11; 11') aufweisen zur Überwachung einer Kenngröße für den Zustand der elektrischen Schaltanordnung (CE(i)) und zur wechselseitigen Betätigung der Mittel (10,12) zur Umschaltung der Verbindungen zwischen den Elementen, von denen die elektrische Schaltanordnung (CE(i)) gebildet ist, in Abhängigkeit vom Zustand der elektrischen Schaltanordnung.
  4. Elektrische Schaltanordnung (CE(i)) entsprechend einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Mittel (10, 12) zur Umschaltung der Verbindungen zwischen den Elementen, von denen die elektrische Schaltanordnung (CE(i)) gebildet ist, abwechselnd mindestens umschalten:
    - die induktiven Speicherungsmittel (6), den Zustandsschalter (5; 5'), die Batterie (3) und die kapazitiven Speicherungsmittel (13) in Reihe geschaltet in einem geschlossenen Wirkungsweg während einer ersten Phase, im stationären Zustand, zur Rückgabe einer Menge Energie, die von den kapazitiven Speicherungsmitteln (13) gespeichert ist, durch die induktiven Speicherungsmittel (6), und
    - die induktiven Speicherungsmittel (6), den Zustandsschalter (5; 5') und die kapazitiven Speicherungsmittel (13) in Reihe geschaltet in einem geschlossenen Wirkungsweg während einer zweiten Phase, im stationären Zustand, zur Rückgabe einer Menge Energie, die von den induktiven Speicherungsmitteln (6) gespeichert ist, durch die kapazitiven Speicherungsmittel (13),
    wobei die Polarität der Anschlüsse zwischen den induktiven Speicherungsmitteln (6) und den kapazitiven Speicherungsmitteln (13) zwischen der ersten und der zweiten Phase umgekehrt wird.
  5. Elektrische Schaltanordnung (CE(i)) entsprechend einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die induktiven Speicherungsmittel und die kapazitiven Speicherungsmittel eine in Reihe mit dem Zustandsschalter (5; 5') geschaltete Induktivität (6) bzw. eine Kapazität (13) aufweisen, dass die elektrische Schaltanordnung (CE(i)) in Reihe geschaltet mit dem Zustandsschalter (5; 5') und der Induktivität (6) einen ersten und einen zweiten parallel geschalteten Zweig (8, 9) aufweist und einen Widerstand (14) aufweist, der zu dem Zustandsschalter (5; 5') und der Induktivität (6) parallel geschaltet und an einen Punkt (P) des zweiten Zweigs (9) angeschlossen ist, wobei die Kapazität (13) in den zweiten Zweig (9) geschaltet ist, und dass die Mittel zum Umschalten der Verbindungen Mittel (10,12) umfassen, um den Strom, der im Zustandschalter (5; 5') und der Induktivität (6) fließt, in den ersten und den zweiten Zweig (8, 9) zu leiten.
  6. Elektrische Schaltanordnung (CE(i)) entsprechend Anspruch 5,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die galvanisch isolierte Verbindung (7; 7') in den ersten Zweig (8) geschaltet ist.
  7. Elektrische Schaltanordnung (CE(i)) entsprechend Anspruch 5,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die galvanisch isolierte Verbindung (7; 7') in den zweiten Zweig (9) mit dem Kondensator (13) in Reihe geschaltet ist.
  8. Elektrische Schaltanordnung (CE(i)) entsprechend Anspruch 5,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die galvanisch isolierte Verbindung (7; 7') mit dem Widerstand (14) in Reihe geschaltet ist.
  9. Elektrische Schaltanordnung (CE(i)) entsprechend einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 8,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Periode (T), während welcher der Strom in dem Zustandschalter (5, 5') fließt und die Induktivität 6) nacheinander in dem ersten (8) und dann in dem zweiten Zweig (9) fließt, und das zyklische Verhältnis (α), gleich der Zeit, in der der Strom in dem ersten Zweig (8) fließt, geteilt durch die Periode (T), fest bzw. variabel sind und durch die Mittel (11; 11') zur Überwachung der Kenngröße für den Zustand der elektrischen Schaltanordnung (CE(i)) und zur periodischen Betätigung der Umschaltmittel (10, 12) bestimmt sind.
  10. Elektrische Schaltanordnung (CE(i)) entsprechend einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 9,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Mittel (10), um den Strom, der in dem Zustandsschalter (5; 5') und der Induktivität (6) fließt, abwechselnd in den ersten und in den zweiten Zweig (8, 9) zu leiten, einen betätigten Schalter (10), der in den ersten Zweig (8) geschaltet ist, und eine Diode (12), die in den zweiten Zweig (9) geschaltet ist zwischen einerseits einer der beiden Verbindungsstellen des ersten und des zweiten Zweigs (8, 9) und andererseits dem Punkt (P) für den Anschluss des Widerstands (14) an den zweiten Zweig (9), wobei sich die Kapazität (13) zwischen einerseits der anderen der beiden Verbindungsstellen des ersten und des zweiten Zweigs (8, 9) und andererseits dem Punkt (9) für den Anschluss des Widerstands (14) an den zweiten Zweig (9) befindet.
  11. Elektrische Schaltanordnung (CE(i)) entsprechend Anspruch 10,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die galvanisch isolierte Verbindung (7; 7') mit der Diode (12) in Reihe geschaltet ist.
  12. Elektrische Schaltanordnung (CE(i)) entsprechend einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die galvanisch isolierte Verbindung (7) von einem Optokoppler gebildet ist.
  13. Elektrische Schaltanordnung (CE(i)) entsprechend einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die galvanisch isolierte Verbindung von einem Transformator (7') gebildet ist.
  14. Elektrische Schaltvorrichtung entsprechend einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die galvanisch isolierte Verbindung (7; 7') von einem Transformator (7') gebildet ist, der mit dem Zustandsschalter (5; 5') in Reihe geschaltet ist und dessen Primärwicklung auch zumindest einen Teil der induktiven Speicherungsmittel bildet.
  15. Elektrische Schaltanordnung (CE(i)) entsprechend einem der Ansprüche 3 bis 14,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Mittel (11; 11') zur Überwachung einer Kenngröße für den Zustand der elektrischen Schaltanordnung (CE(i)) und zur periodischen Betätigung der Umschaltmittel (10,12) auch die galvanisch isolierte Verbindung (7; 7') bilden und zu diesem Zweck einerseits mit dem Ausgang S(i) für die Ausgabe der Information versehen sind und andererseits dafür vorgesehen sind, diese Information ausgehend von der Verarbeitung der Kenngröße, insbesondere ausgehend von dem zyklischen Verhältnis (α) auszugeben.
  16. Elektrische Schaltanordnung (CE(i)) entsprechend einem der Ansprüche 3 bis 15,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Spitzenwert des Stroms, der in dem Zustandsschalter (5; 5') fließt, im Laufe einer Periode (T) die Kenngröße für den Zustand der elektrischen Schaltanordnung (CE(i)) bildet.
  17. Elektrische Schaltanordnung (CE(i)) entsprechend einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 15,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Potential (Vp) an dem Punkt (P) für den Anschluss des Widerstands (14) an dem zweiten Zweig (9) die Kenngröße für den Zustand der elektrischen Schaltanordnung (CE(i)) bildet.
  18. Elektrische Schaltanordnung (CE(i)) entsprechend einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 15,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Spannung (E-Vp) an den Klemmen des Widerstands (14) die Kenngröße für den Zustand der elektrischen Schaltanordnung (CE(i)) bildet.
  19. Elektrische Schaltanordnung (CE(i)) entsprechend einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie ferner Mittel (15) aufweist, um ihre korrekte Funktionsweise unabhängig von der Position des Zustandsschalters (5; 5') zu testen.
  20. Elektrische Schaltanordnung (CE(i)) entsprechend Anspruch 19,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Mittel (15) zum Testen der korrekten Funktionsweise der elektrischen Schaltanordnung (CE (i)) umfassen:
    - einen betätigten Testschalter (18) und eine Testbatterie (19), die in eine erste Reihenschaltung geschaltet sind, die ihrerseits parallel zu einer zweiten Reihenschaltung geschaltet ist, umfassend den Zustandschalter (5; 5') und einen Steckplatz, der für den Anschluss der Versorgungsbatterie (3) vorgesehen ist, und
    - eine automatische Testeinheit (20), die an die Klemme zur Betätigung des betätigten Testschalters (18) und an den Ausgang (S(i)) für die Ausgabe einer Zustandsinformation angeschlossen ist.
  21. Elektrische Schaltanordnung (CE(i)) entsprechend Anspruch 19,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Mittel (15) zum Testen der korrekten Funktionsweise der elektrischen Schaltanordnung (CE(i)) umfassen:
    - einen betätigten Testschalter (18), der parallel zu einem Zustandsschalter (5; 5') geschaltet ist, wobei die Gesamtheit in Reihe mit einem Steckplatz für den Anschluss der Versorgungsbatterie (3) geschaltet ist, die dafür vorgesehen ist, auch den Betrieb der Testbatterie sicherzustellen, und
    - eine automatische Testeinheit (20), die an die Klemme zur Betätigung des betätigten Testschalters (18) und an den Ausgang (S(i)) für die Ausgabe einer Zustandsinformation angeschlossen ist.
  22. Elektrische Schaltanordnung (CE(i)) entsprechend Anspruch 20 oder 21,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die automatische Testeinheit (20), die auch an die Mittel (11; 11') zur Überwachung einer Kenngröße für den Zustand der elektrischen Schaltanordnung (CE(i)) und zur wechselseitigen Betätigung der Mittel zum Umschalten (10, 12) der Verbindungen angeschlossen ist, dafür vorgesehen ist, die Umschaltmittel (10, 12) in zumindest einer Position zur Unterdrückung des Stroms in der elektrischen Schaltanordnung (CE(i)) zu halten.
  23. Elektrische Schaltanordnung (CE(i)) entsprechend einem der Ansprüche 20 bis 22,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Mittel (15) zum Testen der korrekten Funktionsweise der elektrischen Schaltanordnung (CE(i)) zumindest eine Schutzdiode (16) aufweisen, die mit dem Zustandsschalter (5; 5') in Reihe geschaltet ist, um einen von dem betätigten Testschalter (18) kommenden Strom zu sperren.
  24. Elektrische Schaltanordnung (CE(i)) entsprechend einem der Ansprüche 20 bis 23,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Mittel (15) zum Testen der korrekten Funktionsweise der elektrischen Schaltanordnung (CE(i)) eine weitere Schutzdiode (17) aufweisen, die mit dem betätigten Testschalter (18) in Reihe geschaltet ist, um einen von dem Zustandsschalter (5; 5') kommenden Strom zu sperren.
  25. Elektrisches System (1) für die Meldung einer Vielzahl von Zustandsinformationen,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es eine Versorgungsbatterie (3) und eine Vielzahl elektrischer Schaltungsanordnungen (CE(i)) aufweist, entsprechend einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 24, die jeweils dazu vorgesehen sind, eine Zustandsinformation zu melden, und die zu den Klemmen der Batterie (3) parallel geschaltet sind.
  26. Elektrisches System (1) entsprechend Anspruch 25,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es sich an Bord eines Eisenbahnzugs befindet, wobei jeder Zustandschalter (5; 5') mit einem Organ oder einem Gerät des Eisenbahnzugs verbunden ist, um dessen Zustand oder Position zu überwachen.
EP01400349A 2000-03-31 2001-02-09 Elektrische Schaltungsanordnung zur Meldung von Zustandsinformationen, insbesondere für Eisenbahnmaterial, und System mit einer solchen Einrichtung Expired - Lifetime EP1139361B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0004160A FR2807193A1 (fr) 2000-03-31 2000-03-31 Circuit electrique pour la transmission d'une information d'etat, notamment d'un organe de materiel ferroviaire roulant, et systeme electrique incorporant un tel circuit
FR0007646 2000-06-15
FR0004160 2000-06-15
FR0007646A FR2807194B1 (fr) 2000-03-31 2000-06-15 Circuit electrique pour la transmission d'une information d'etat, notamment d'un organe de materiel ferroviaire roulant, et systeme electrique incorporant un tel circuit

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1139361A1 EP1139361A1 (de) 2001-10-04
EP1139361B1 true EP1139361B1 (de) 2007-03-28

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EP01400349A Expired - Lifetime EP1139361B1 (de) 2000-03-31 2001-02-09 Elektrische Schaltungsanordnung zur Meldung von Zustandsinformationen, insbesondere für Eisenbahnmaterial, und System mit einer solchen Einrichtung

Country Status (10)

Country Link
US (1) US6483431B2 (de)
EP (1) EP1139361B1 (de)
JP (1) JP2002002417A (de)
AT (1) ATE358323T1 (de)
CA (1) CA2342716C (de)
DE (1) DE60127484T2 (de)
DK (1) DK1139361T3 (de)
ES (1) ES2284599T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2807194B1 (de)
PT (1) PT1139361E (de)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2817380B1 (fr) * 2000-11-24 2003-01-03 Alstom Circuit electrique pour la transmission d'une information d'etat, notamment d'un organe de materiel ferroviaire roulant et systeme electrique incorporant un tel circuit
FR2831893B1 (fr) * 2001-11-07 2004-07-16 Leroy Automatique Ind Dispositif actif a dissipation reduite pour circuits electriques, notamment d'automate ou de calculateur industriel
US6903584B2 (en) * 2002-03-08 2005-06-07 Stmicroelectronics, Inc. Circuit and method for detecting the state of a switch
FR2846783B1 (fr) * 2002-11-06 2005-01-28 Schneider Electric Ind Sas Methode et dispositif de pilotage d'un appareil interrupteur
FR2938656B1 (fr) * 2008-11-18 2011-08-26 Thales Sa Systeme a securite intrinseque et module de test, notamment pour une utilisation dans un systeme de signalisation ferroviaire
DE102013215789A1 (de) * 2013-08-09 2015-02-12 Continental Automotive Gmbh Verfahren zur Erzeugung gleichmäßig niederohmiger Kontakte in einem Sternpunktrelais
DE102013110993A1 (de) 2013-10-02 2015-04-02 Knorr-Bremse Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Überwachen zumindest eines elektronischen Schaltkontakts für ein Fahrzeug
JP6318911B2 (ja) * 2014-06-26 2018-05-09 株式会社デンソー 半導体素子の検査回路および検査方法

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DE3000301C2 (de) * 1979-01-10 1985-01-31 Gestinvest, Brüssel Elektrische Beleuchtungsanlage für Gebäude
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US6483431B2 (en) 2002-11-19
US20010026227A1 (en) 2001-10-04
FR2807194A1 (fr) 2001-10-05
ES2284599T3 (es) 2007-11-16
DE60127484D1 (de) 2007-05-10
EP1139361A1 (de) 2001-10-04
PT1139361E (pt) 2007-07-11
CA2342716C (fr) 2008-02-12
ATE358323T1 (de) 2007-04-15
FR2807194B1 (fr) 2002-05-31
DE60127484T2 (de) 2007-12-06
DK1139361T3 (da) 2007-07-30
CA2342716A1 (fr) 2001-09-30
JP2002002417A (ja) 2002-01-09

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