EP1139361A1 - Elektrische Schaltungsanordnung zur Meldung von Zustandsinformationen, insbesondere für Eisenbahnmaterial, und System mit einer solchen Einrichtung - Google Patents

Elektrische Schaltungsanordnung zur Meldung von Zustandsinformationen, insbesondere für Eisenbahnmaterial, und System mit einer solchen Einrichtung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1139361A1
EP1139361A1 EP01400349A EP01400349A EP1139361A1 EP 1139361 A1 EP1139361 A1 EP 1139361A1 EP 01400349 A EP01400349 A EP 01400349A EP 01400349 A EP01400349 A EP 01400349A EP 1139361 A1 EP1139361 A1 EP 1139361A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
switch
electrical circuit
circuit
state
current
Prior art date
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Granted
Application number
EP01400349A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1139361B1 (de
Inventor
Michel Bert
Ladimir Prince
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Alstom SA
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Alstom SA
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Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from FR0004160A external-priority patent/FR2807193A1/fr
Application filed by Alstom SA filed Critical Alstom SA
Publication of EP1139361A1 publication Critical patent/EP1139361A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1139361B1 publication Critical patent/EP1139361B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/16—Indicators for switching condition, e.g. "on" or "off"
    • H01H9/167—Circuits for remote indication
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/60—Auxiliary means structurally associated with the switch for cleaning or lubricating contact-making surfaces
    • H01H1/605—Cleaning of contact-making surfaces by relatively high voltage pulses

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electrical circuit for routing information of all or nothing type, in particular for an application in the railway sector.
  • these signals are representative of the state of a circuit breaker or from the open or closed position of a car access door.
  • Signals are intended to be routed with a high degree security and availability, which makes the use of links unsuitable low energy computer type.
  • a solution currently used is to connect to both terminals of an accumulator a closed loop electrical circuit, which comprises in series at least one switch linked to the state of the organ to be checked, a resistor, and a galvanically isolated connection connected to the receiving device information contained in the signal, for example the electronic circuit control system or the control and signaling panel.
  • the open or closed position of the switch is representative the status of a parameter or equipment.
  • a current the intensity of which is limited by the resistance, flows in the circuit.
  • no current flows.
  • the presence or the absence of this current is transformed by the galvanically isolated link in all or nothing information communicated to the electronic circuit.
  • a train has a plurality of such circuits connected to the terminals of the same accumulator.
  • This current is consumed at a loss in the resistor.
  • the accumulator generally supplying several circuits, and other equipment, the voltage it delivers varies over time with the charge level at its terminals.
  • the intensity of the current in the circuit therefore also varies proportionally when the battery is charged.
  • the amount of heat dissipated increases with the number switches and information to be transmitted.
  • the invention aims to reduce the aforementioned drawbacks of prior art.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to carry information all or nothing type with a high degree of reliability and availability, while reducing the power dissipated by the Joule effect.
  • the invention also relates to an electrical system intended transmits a plurality of state information, characterized in that it comprises an accumulator and a plurality of electrical circuits, as defined above, each intended to transmit status information and connected parallel to the terminals of said accumulator.
  • each switch being associated to an organ or equipment of said rail convoy, to control it state or position.
  • FIG. 1 A first alternative embodiment of an electrical system 1 according to the invention is illustrated in FIG. 1.
  • the electrical system 1 is capable of transmitting a plurality all or nothing information to an electronic control circuit 2 of automata.
  • the electrical system 1 comprises a plurality of electrical circuits elementary CE (i), here n in number, connected in parallel to terminals of a supply accumulator 3.
  • each elementary circuit CE (i) is capable of transmitting information all or nothing representative of the state of an organ or equipment to control, in particular equipment for railway vehicles.
  • a connection S (1) ... S (i) ... S (n) recovers at the output of each elementary circuit CE (i), all or nothing information by means of a link which will be described below, to transmit it to one of the input ports P (1) ... P (i) ... P (n) of the electronic circuit 2.
  • the electronic circuit 2 also includes output ports 4 for example for controlling automata (not shown).
  • the power accumulator 3 In the main application targeted, the power accumulator 3, the electrical system 1 and the electronic circuit 2 are intended to be boarded a train. It goes without saying that the electronic control circuit 2 can be replaced by a control and signaling panel or by any device capable of receiving and processing information all or nothing.
  • the supply accumulator 3 is the only one DC voltage source for the whole train. Also, the various equipment on board that require a DC power supply are supplied by this single accumulator 3. The voltage which it delivers is therefore susceptible vary over time, depending on the load at its terminals, between 0.6 times and 1.4 times its nominal voltage.
  • the accumulators 3 generally used at present in trains, have nominal voltages of 24 volts, 36 volts, 48 volts, 96 volts and 110 volts.
  • FIG. 2 elementary CE (i) used in the construction of the electrical system 1.
  • This elementary circuit CE (i) comprises a loop B supplied by the accumulator 3 and which comprises, arranged in series, a status switch 5, an inductor 6, a galvanically isolated connection 7 which can for example be made by means of an opto-coupler, and two branches 8 and 9 in parallel.
  • the branch 8 comprises, arranged in series, a transistor 10 and a regulating device 11 controlling said transistor 10.
  • the polarization of the transistor 10 is such that a current flowing between the two main electrodes, other than the control one, the transistor is positive according to the conventional orientation of loop B adopted previously.
  • the regulating device 11 comprises measuring means the intensity of the current flowing through branch 8, as well as a clock (not shown).
  • the second branch 9 has a diode 12 and a capacitor 13 in series.
  • a resistor 14 is disposed between a point P of the branch 9 located between diode 12 and capacitor 13, and the + terminal of the accumulator 3.
  • the diode 12 is polarized so as to prevent the discharge of the capacitor 13 elsewhere than by the resistor 14.
  • the organ or equipment whose state you want to control activates the closing and opening of the status switch 5.
  • switch 5 When switch 5 is open, no current flows through loop B through the galvanic connection 7, which, when it consists of an opto-coupler, does not deliver any output current on connection S (i) or output for sending status information.
  • the control frequency of transistor 10 is fixed, for example around 240 kHz, by the clock of the regulating device 11.
  • transistor 10 is consecutively returned and then blocked.
  • the duty cycle ⁇ equal to time during which the transistor 10 is on divided by the period T, is variable. It is determined by the regulation device 11 by comparison of the peak value of the current flowing through branch 8 during a period T at a setpoint of around 25 mA stored in the regulating device 11, in order to regulate the current in the loop B.
  • the current i 6 has reached a value such that the duty cycle ⁇ begins to move away from its initial value equal to 1 and the transistor 10 is blocked.
  • the inductance 6 is demagnetized by a current i 12 passing through the diode 12, in the direction of the point P.
  • This current i 12 is divided into P into two currents i 13 and i 14 which pass through the capacitor 13 and the resistor 14 respectively.
  • current i 14 is initially relatively low, because most of the current i 12 from diode 12 is applied to capacitor 13.
  • Current i 13 increases the charge of capacitor 13 and the potential V p at point P increases above of its initial value E.
  • V p gradually increases to tend towards a stabilization value after the transient phase which has just been described.
  • FIGS 3a, 3b and 3c illustrate the operation of the circuit elementary CE (i) once it has entered this substantially stabilized regime where the current flowing in the inductor is not interrupted.
  • the curve 3a represents the evolution of the current i 6 as a function of time in the inductance 6
  • the curves 3b and 3c represent the contribution of this current i 6 in the intensities respectively of the current i 10 passing through the transistor 10 and current i 12 passing through diode 12.
  • the potential E of the accumulator 3 is applied to the inductor 6.
  • the intensity of the current i 6 increases approximately linearly over time t with a slope E / L , from a minimum intensity i 6m to a maximum intensity i 6M .
  • the transistor 10 After a duration ⁇ T, the transistor 10 is blocked and this, until the end of the period T.
  • the voltage across the inductor 6 is equal to EV p , the potential V p at the point P being substantially constant and greater than E
  • This current i 6 through the inductor 6 flows partly in the closed loop comprising the inductor 6, the diode 12, the capacitor 13, the accumulator 3 and the switch 5.
  • the other part of this current i 6 flows through the resistor 14 and travels through the closed loop comprising the inductor 6, the diode 12, the resistor 14 and the switch 5.
  • the capacitor 13 also discharges during the time ⁇ T, while diode 12 is blocked, by an amount which must be on average equal to its recharge by the diode 12, during the time (1- ⁇ ) T, in established regime.
  • the capacitor 13 restores part of its energy to the circuit by supplying at least the switch 5, the inductance 6, the galvanically isolated link 7 and the transistor 10, and possibly also supplying the accumulator 3.
  • the capacitor 13 discharges, and part of its energy is transferred to the inductance 6 which magnetizes, which generates the current i 6 in the switch 5, inductance 6, galvanically isolated link and transistor 10.
  • the inductance demagnetizes and part of its energy is transferred to capacitor 13 which load, which generates the current i 6 in the switch 5, the inductor 6 and the galvanically isolated connection 7.
  • the current i 6 is therefore partly the consequence of an energy transfer from the capacitor 13 to the inductor 6, then from the inductor 6 to the capacitor 13. It should be noted that between these two transfer phases d energy, the polarity of the connections between the inductor 6 and the capacitor 13 are reversed.
  • the accumulator 13 maintains the energy level of the circuit by compensating for the losses in particular in the resistor 14.
  • the accumulator 3 also has the function of supplying the initial energy to the circuit during the transient start-up phase commented on above.
  • the regulating device 11 determines the duty cycle ⁇ so as to regulate the intensity of the current i 6 which crosses the inductor 6. When the transistor 10 is on, the current i 6 increases. Conversely, this current i 6 decreases when the transistor 10 is blocked.
  • the duty cycle ⁇ therefore determines the durations of the phases of growth and decay of the current i 6 during a period T. By increasing one of said durations relative to the other, the regulating device 11 can vary l intensity of the current i 6 between the beginning and the end of the period T.
  • the current i 6 in the inductor 6 as illustrated in FIG. 3a changes only over a reduced range between i 6m and i 6M . Its average value is adjusted so as to obtain the passage of the minimum current required to ensure the cleaning of the switch 5.
  • connection S (i) when the switch 5 is closed, a current is established in the galvanically isolated connection 7, which produces a signal in response output on connection S (i).
  • the position of the galvanically isolated connection 7 in series with switch 5 is advantageous since the signal it generates at output is a substantially faithful image of the current flowing through this switch 5.
  • the current coming from the capacitor 13 or outgoing current and which crosses the resistor 14 is that which ensures the discharge of the capacitor 13. Now, in stabilized regime, the average current leaving the capacitor 13 is equal to the current i 6 coming from the inductance 6 which enters there. The latter is fixed by the regulating device 11.
  • the current coming from the capacitor 13 and which flows through the resistor 14 is also determined by the regulating device 11.
  • the potential difference V p -E across the resistor 14 is established at a value proportional to l intensity of this current and inversely proportional to the value R of this resistor 14. Also, the value R of the resistor 14 makes it possible to determine the potential difference V p -E, the value of the current i 6 being fixed elsewhere.
  • the accumulator 3 maintains the energy level in the circuit, and only the power which it releases for this purpose is consumed by the Joule effect.
  • the current i 6 in the switch 5 is not only limited by a resistance which necessarily dissipates energy by the Joule effect as in the cited prior art, but also by the alternating transfer of a quantity of energy which causes a growth then a decrease of this current i 6 and allows its regulation.
  • the intensity of the current i 6 injected into the circuit is regulated by its maximum value i 6M which is independent of the voltage E delivered by the accumulator 3. Contrary to what is obtained in the prior art, a variation in the voltage E delivered by the accumulator 3 does not introduce a variation in the current consumed by the resistor 14.
  • the galvanically isolated connection consists of a magnetic coupling produced by a 7 'transformer, to be interfered in the case where the direct component of the current passing through the primary is important, the primary winding of which also forms, at least in part, that Inductance 6.
  • the secondary is, for its part, connected to the connection Yes).
  • the operation of the elementary circuit CE (i) remains unchanged.
  • the variation of the current i 6 in the inductance 6 between i 6m and i 6M when the switch 5 is closed, produces a voltage and / or a current at the terminals of the secondary of the transformer 7 'which constitute the output signal. after rectification by a rectifier not shown.
  • the galvanically isolated connection 7 has been moved from a position in series with the inductor 6 to a position in series with the transistor 10, on the branch 8.
  • the operation of the elementary circuit CE (i) remains the same, the output signal recovered on connection S (i) being intermittent like the current i 10 which flows through transistor 10. Means making it possible to smooth or average this output signal can be provided on the output circuit associated with the output connection S (i).
  • the regulating device 11 has been replaced by a regulating device 11 ′ which includes means for measuring the voltage V p across the capacitor 13.
  • the regulating device 11 ′ determines the duty cycle ⁇ and controls the transistor 10 so as to regulate the voltage V p across the terminals of the capacitor 13 around a set value.
  • the average current which leaves the capacitor 13 must be equal to the average current coming from the inductor 6 which enters there.
  • this current which leaves the capacitor 13 and which discharges it is also established in the resistor 14 and is determined by the potential difference V p -E at the terminals of this resistor 14.
  • An advantageous control variant uses a measurement of the voltage V p -E at the terminals of the resistor 14 to regulate the current in the resistor 14 by the relation (V p -E) / R and therefore the dissipated power (V p -E ) 2 / R, while maintaining a current in the switch 5 slightly decreasing as a function of the voltage of the accumulator 3.
  • the galvanically isolated connection can be arranged on any one of the branches of the elementary circuit CE (i) by example in series with diode 12, capacitor 13 or with resistance 14.
  • transistor 10 can be replaced by any type of switch controlled.
  • the output information can be generated by the device 11 or 11 'regulator, which then fulfills the function of the insulation link galvanic 7 or 7 ', based on the value of the duty cycle ⁇ , which equals 1 when switch 5 is open and deviates from 1 when it is closed.
  • a breakdown for example following the failure of a component can occur, in an elementary circuit CE (i) according to the invention, without being detected or at least not before a time which can be more or less long, such a possibility affecting reliability wanted.
  • the status switch determines the passage of the current in this elementary circuit CE (i)
  • it can be envisaged, in a first, use it to perform a function test in which the actual reception of the all or nothing signal is checked.
  • this status switch is not always accessible and / or easily actuated. For example, it can be placed in a place on the train far from the place where reception is tested.
  • the elementary circuit CE (i) illustrated in FIG. 7 comprises means 15 capable of testing its correct operation, whatever the position of the status switch.
  • This elementary circuit CE (i) has an identical basic structure to that of the first alternative embodiment of the invention illustrated in Figure 2 and previously commented, and has the same elements.
  • the status switch and the galvanically isolated connection are here respectively formed of a 5 'voltage inverter and a 7 "optocoupler, this particular choice being only intended to illustrate certain characteristics.
  • the means 15 for testing the correct operation of the circuit elementary CE (i) include a protective diode 16 disposed between the voltage inverter 5 'and the inductor 6, and polarized so as to allow the passage of a positive current according to the conventional orientation of the loop B previously adopted.
  • another series circuit includes another protection diode 17, a controlled test switch formed by a transistor 18, and a test accumulator 19, all three of which belong to the means 15.
  • the protective diode 17 and the test accumulator 19 are polarized so that the latter is able to supply the elementary circuit CE (i), with the exception of the 5 'voltage inverter, by producing a current of the same direction as that supplied by the supply accumulator 3, in place of it.
  • the protection diode 17 is advantageously disposed downstream of transistor 18, itself disposed downstream of this accumulator test 19.
  • the means 15 for testing the correct operation of the circuit electric CE (i) still have an automatic test unit 20, connected to transistor 18 and advantageously to regulating device 11, and receiving status information sent by the optocoupler 7 "thanks to a connection on connection S (i).
  • the protective diode 16 is located on one side or the other of the assembly comprising the voltage inverter 5 'and the supply accumulator 3 in series.
  • charges C (1) ... C (j) ... C (m) optional but shown to illustrate certain peculiarities of functioning, formed for example of relays, actuators, coils for closing circuit breakers and / or indicator lights, the condition of which like that of the 7 "optocoupler, is intended to be linked to the open position or closed of the voltage inverter 5 ', are each arranged in parallel with the series circuit comprising the 5 'voltage inverter and the accumulator power supply 3, except for the protective diode 16.
  • the automatic test unit 20 is capable of carrying out an automated test checking that the electrical circuit CE (i) is functioning correctly, said test being triggered for example by each new start of the train.
  • the voltage inverter 5 ' of which actuation can be made tedious due to the large number of such switches, can be either in an open position or closed.
  • the automatic test unit 20 controls transistor 18 on closing, thus ensuring power-up the part of the electrical circuit CE (i) located downstream of the protection diode 16.
  • This unit 20 verifies the transmission, in connection S (i), information representative of the passage of a current in the opto-coupler 7 ", which should happen when this part of the CE circuit (i), located downstream of the protection diode 16, functions correctly.
  • the galvanically isolated connection is here formed of an optocoupler 7 ", it should also be checked that the phototransistor of this opto-coupler, passing when it receives light information due to the passage of a current in the associated photo-emitting diode, finds its blocked state, corresponding to an open switch, in the absence of this current.
  • the voltage inverter 5 ' can be in any condition.
  • the automatic test unit 20 maintains, via the regulating device 11, the transistor 10 in the off state.
  • the current which crosses the optocoupler 7 "gradually cancels out due to the energy stored in inductance 6, during a transitional period which may be estimated at 5 times the time constant of this inductance (5xL / r).
  • the automatic test unit 20 verifies that the signal it receives from connection S (i) actually corresponds to a state blocked from the phototransistor of the 7 "optocoupler.
  • the diode of protection 17 prevents a current from being established between these two accumulators, if the 5 'voltage inverter is closed when the automatic test unit 20 maintains the transistor 18 in the on state.
  • this protective diode 17 further protects the transistor 18 from destructive effects too high a negative voltage across its terminals.
  • the protection diode 16 isolates the accumulators 3 and 19 and avoids a current from one to the other, when the test voltage is higher than the supply voltage, situation that can be encountered when the second step of the above test is not planned, for example because the galvanically isolated link is not an optocoupler.
  • This protection diode 16 also prevents a current of short circuit emitted by the test accumulator 19 is established when the inverter voltage 5 'is in the open position, i.e. when it disconnects the circuit elementary CE (i) of the supply accumulator 3 and imposes a voltage zero across this electrical circuit CE (i), while, at the same time, transistor 18 is on.
  • this situation that we seeks to avoid does not exist when a simple switch is placed at the place of this 5 'voltage inverter.
  • the protective diode 16 also prevents power from being supplied by the test accumulator 19, when the transistor 18 is on, the charges C (1) ... C (j) ... C (m), the state of which is intended to be linked to that of the 5 'voltage inverter.
  • the supply accumulator 3 while retaining its arrangement inside the electrical circuit CE (i), can also be connected so as to replace the test accumulator 19.
  • the supply accumulator fills successively in the time two separate functions, thus saving a specific test accumulator.
  • the transistor 18 is then connected directly in parallel with the 5 'voltage inverter. Protection diode 17 becomes superfluous.
  • the protection diode 16 only the presence of loads C (1) ... C (j) ... C (m) or the use of a 5 'voltage inverter at instead of a simple switch make it necessary.
  • any type of switch can replace the inverter of 5 'tension, this one having been chosen only to illustrate the particular role filled by the protective diode 16 in the case where it is used.
  • the 7 "optocoupler was chosen for similar reasons, it also can be replaced by any other component able to realize a galvanically isolated connection. Some of them, like for example the transformer mentioned above, do not require a second test phase, since they cannot generate alone, i.e. in the absence of any current flowing through it, an output signal on connection S (i) corresponding to such a current. In this case, the connection between the automatic test 20 at the regulating device 11 is no longer necessary.
  • the transistor 18 can be replaced by any component fulfilling the function of controlled switch.
  • the means 15 for testing the correct operation of the circuit electric CE (i) are intended to adapt to any variant of the invention, for example to all those which have previously described, of course that these means 15 have been presented in a particular combination with only one of them.
  • the invention is not limited to a railway application, but concerns the transmission, in any field, of all or nothing information.
  • This reduction in size reduces the size a reading channel, and therefore to make room for more people of reading circuits on an identical electronic card surface, despite a larger number of components.
  • the means 15 for automatically testing the operation of the electrical circuit CE (i) have in particular the advantage of being in the form of a simple circuit, using few components and, therefore, cheap.
  • these means 15 make it possible to carry out a test whose coverage rate is close to 100%, only the protection diode 16 not being verified.
  • This protection diode 16 limits notably the risk of seeing it cause a breakdown.
EP01400349A 2000-03-31 2001-02-09 Elektrische Schaltungsanordnung zur Meldung von Zustandsinformationen, insbesondere für Eisenbahnmaterial, und System mit einer solchen Einrichtung Expired - Lifetime EP1139361B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0004160 2000-03-31
FR0004160A FR2807193A1 (fr) 2000-03-31 2000-03-31 Circuit electrique pour la transmission d'une information d'etat, notamment d'un organe de materiel ferroviaire roulant, et systeme electrique incorporant un tel circuit
FR0007646 2000-06-15
FR0007646A FR2807194B1 (fr) 2000-03-31 2000-06-15 Circuit electrique pour la transmission d'une information d'etat, notamment d'un organe de materiel ferroviaire roulant, et systeme electrique incorporant un tel circuit

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1139361A1 true EP1139361A1 (de) 2001-10-04
EP1139361B1 EP1139361B1 (de) 2007-03-28

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EP01400349A Expired - Lifetime EP1139361B1 (de) 2000-03-31 2001-02-09 Elektrische Schaltungsanordnung zur Meldung von Zustandsinformationen, insbesondere für Eisenbahnmaterial, und System mit einer solchen Einrichtung

Country Status (10)

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US (1) US6483431B2 (de)
EP (1) EP1139361B1 (de)
JP (1) JP2002002417A (de)
AT (1) ATE358323T1 (de)
CA (1) CA2342716C (de)
DE (1) DE60127484T2 (de)
DK (1) DK1139361T3 (de)
ES (1) ES2284599T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2807194B1 (de)
PT (1) PT1139361E (de)

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FR2831893A1 (fr) * 2001-11-07 2003-05-09 Leroy Automatique Ind Dispositif actif a dissipation reduite pour circuits electriques, notamment d'automate ou de calculateur industriel
FR2846783A1 (fr) * 2002-11-06 2004-05-07 Schneider Electric Ind Sas Methode et dispositif de pilotage d'un appareil interrupteur
EP2187227A1 (de) * 2008-11-18 2010-05-19 Thales Eigensicheres System und Testmodul, insbesondere zur Verwendung in einem Eisenbahn-Signalsystem
EP2835905A1 (de) * 2013-08-09 2015-02-11 Continental Automotive GmbH Verfahren zur Erzeugung gleichmäßig niederohmiger Kontakte in einem Sternpunktrelais
CN105765683A (zh) * 2013-10-02 2016-07-13 克诺尔有限公司 用以监视车辆用的至少一个电子开关触点的方法和设备

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FR2817380B1 (fr) * 2000-11-24 2003-01-03 Alstom Circuit electrique pour la transmission d'une information d'etat, notamment d'un organe de materiel ferroviaire roulant et systeme electrique incorporant un tel circuit
US6903584B2 (en) * 2002-03-08 2005-06-07 Stmicroelectronics, Inc. Circuit and method for detecting the state of a switch
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FR2831893A1 (fr) * 2001-11-07 2003-05-09 Leroy Automatique Ind Dispositif actif a dissipation reduite pour circuits electriques, notamment d'automate ou de calculateur industriel
FR2846783A1 (fr) * 2002-11-06 2004-05-07 Schneider Electric Ind Sas Methode et dispositif de pilotage d'un appareil interrupteur
EP1418600A1 (de) * 2002-11-06 2004-05-12 Schneider Electric Industries SAS Methode und Einrichtung zur Steuerung eines Schalters
EP2187227A1 (de) * 2008-11-18 2010-05-19 Thales Eigensicheres System und Testmodul, insbesondere zur Verwendung in einem Eisenbahn-Signalsystem
FR2938656A1 (fr) * 2008-11-18 2010-05-21 Thales Sa Systeme a securite intrinseque et module de test, notamment pour une utilisation dans un systeme de signalisation ferroviaire
EP2835905A1 (de) * 2013-08-09 2015-02-11 Continental Automotive GmbH Verfahren zur Erzeugung gleichmäßig niederohmiger Kontakte in einem Sternpunktrelais
CN105765683A (zh) * 2013-10-02 2016-07-13 克诺尔有限公司 用以监视车辆用的至少一个电子开关触点的方法和设备
US10126365B2 (en) 2013-10-02 2018-11-13 Knorr-Bremse Gesellschaft Mit Beschränkter Haftung Method and apparatus for monitoring at least one electronic switching contact for a vehicle

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Publication number Publication date
FR2807194B1 (fr) 2002-05-31
US6483431B2 (en) 2002-11-19
DK1139361T3 (da) 2007-07-30
DE60127484D1 (de) 2007-05-10
ES2284599T3 (es) 2007-11-16
DE60127484T2 (de) 2007-12-06
ATE358323T1 (de) 2007-04-15
CA2342716A1 (fr) 2001-09-30
EP1139361B1 (de) 2007-03-28
PT1139361E (pt) 2007-07-11
US20010026227A1 (en) 2001-10-04
JP2002002417A (ja) 2002-01-09
CA2342716C (fr) 2008-02-12
FR2807194A1 (fr) 2001-10-05

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