EP1131837A1 - Self-recovering current-limiting device with liquid metal - Google Patents

Self-recovering current-limiting device with liquid metal

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Publication number
EP1131837A1
EP1131837A1 EP99958049A EP99958049A EP1131837A1 EP 1131837 A1 EP1131837 A1 EP 1131837A1 EP 99958049 A EP99958049 A EP 99958049A EP 99958049 A EP99958049 A EP 99958049A EP 1131837 A1 EP1131837 A1 EP 1131837A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
limiting device
liquid metal
current limiting
electrodes
adjacent
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP99958049A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1131837B1 (en
Inventor
Andreas Krätzschmar
Frank Berger
Michael Anheuser
Wolfgang Kremers
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Eaton Industries GmbH
Original Assignee
Moeller GmbH
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Moeller GmbH filed Critical Moeller GmbH
Publication of EP1131837A1 publication Critical patent/EP1131837A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1131837B1 publication Critical patent/EP1131837B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H87/00—Protective devices in which a current flowing through a liquid or solid is interrupted by the evaporation of the liquid or by the melting and evaporation of the solid when the current becomes excessive, the circuit continuity being reestablished on cooling

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a self-recovering current limiting device with liquid metal according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Current limiting devices of this type are used for current limiting in low-voltage networks.
  • a self-recovering current limiting device is known from the publication SU 922 911 A, which contains two electrodes made of solid metal which have just been formed to the inside of the current limiting device and which are separated by first insulating bodies designed as cylindrical, pressure-resistant insulating housings. Inside the insulating housing, insulated intermediate walls and second insulating bodies arranged between them, which are designed as ring-shaped sealing disks, form compressor chambers which are partially filled with liquid metal and are located one behind the other and which are connected to one another via eccentrically arranged connecting channels of the intermediate walls filled with liquid metal. In normal operation, there is therefore a continuous internal conductive connection between the electrodes via the liquid metal.
  • a known current limiting device according to the publication SU 1 094 088 A is equipped with partition walls in which a plurality of connecting channels are formed in a circle around the central axis, and with copper partition walls arranged between the partition walls and leading to the outside for cooling the liquid metal.
  • This current limiting device allows use positions with rotations up to 360 ° around the horizontal central axis and inclinations up to 50 ° with respect to the horizontal, which is only possible in connection with the disadvantageously potential dividing walls, because of these dividing walls the compressor rooms in a complex manner individually Liquid metal are to be filled.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of expanding the range of use positions in a manner which is production-friendly and user-friendly.
  • the cavities in the electrodes create an additional space that serves as a reservoir for liquid metal that is used when the would be available elsewhere and thus serves the sufficient functionality of the current limiting device.
  • the filling of the cavities and the wetting of the surfaces relevant for the current transmission with liquid metal are the same for both electrodes.
  • the cavity of the upward-reaching electrode is emptied of liquid metal by the force of gravity as the cavity of the downward-coming electrode fills with liquid metal until the cavity of the lower electrode completely coincides with an increasing inclination Liquid metal fills and the cavity of the upper electrode is completely emptied in extreme cases, but this electrode is still sufficiently wetted by the liquid metal.
  • a corresponding redistribution of the filling quantity takes place in the compressor rooms, the connecting channels arranged several times per partition wall ensuring that, in all intended use positions, each partition wall is connected to the liquid metal with at least one of its connecting channels.
  • the rotationally symmetrical structure of the current limiting device does not cause any effective change in the distribution of the liquid metal in the cavities and in the compressor spaces in any inclination position with an additional rotation about the longitudinal axis, so that in normal operation there is an adequate electrical connection between the electrodes in all possible use situations.
  • the connecting channels which are not connected to the liquid metal serve, on the one hand, for filling the current limiting device with liquid metal for uniform venting of the compressor rooms and, on the other hand, during and after a short circuit in order to equalize the pressure between adjacent compressor rooms.
  • Advantageous configurations of the cavities consist on the one hand in a pot-like, conically tapering and on the other hand in a double-pot-like cylindrical design.
  • a flat connecting conductor can extend through the respective outer cavity, which takes up the entire width of the outer cavity to increase the dimensional stability, one further breakthrough to redistribute the liquid metal in the outer cavity when tilting and rotating the current limiting device is used.
  • a staggered arrangement of the connecting channels of adjacent partition walls prevents a long arc from burning across all the compressor rooms and, on the other hand, forces the division into several, more effectively limiting partial arcs.
  • GalnSn alloys as the liquid metal to be used are easy to handle due to their physiological harmlessness.
  • An alloy of 660 parts by weight gallium, 205 parts by weight indium and 135 parts by weight tin is liquid at normal pressure from 10 ° C to 2000 ° C and has sufficient electrical conductivity.
  • Figure 1 in longitudinal section a first embodiment of the current limiting device according to the invention in a horizontal position
  • Figure 2 the current limiting device of Figure 1 in a vertical position.
  • Figure 3 in longitudinal section a second embodiment of the current limiting device according to the invention in a horizontal position
  • FIG. 4 the current limiting device according to FIG. 3 in a vertical position
  • Figure 5 in cross section A-A the current limiting device according to Fig. 1 or Fig. 3;
  • Figure 6 in cross section B-B the current limiting device according to FigJ or Fig. 3rd
  • the current limiting device 1 contains an electrode 11 or 12 made of solid metal, preferably copper, on both sides is rotationally symmetrical with respect to the longitudinal axis 3 of the current limiting device 1 and merges into an outer connecting conductor 13. Between the electrodes 11 and 12 there are a number of compression spaces 4, which are formed by a corresponding number of annular sealing disks 5 made of insulating material and of insulating partition walls 6. The electrodes 11 and 12, the sealing washers 5 and the partition walls 6 are held by an insulating housing 7, whereby known means for sealing the compression spaces 4 and for non-positively connecting the elements 5, 6, 11 and 12 stored in the insulating housing 7 are provided, but for reasons are not shown for clarity.
  • the means for sealing can be, for example, sealing rings between the sealing disks 5 and the intermediate walls 6.
  • the two outer compressor chambers 4 are laterally delimited by one of the electrodes 11 and 12 and by an intermediate wall 6.
  • the inner compression spaces 4 are laterally delimited by two intermediate walls 6.
  • the sealing washers 5 and the generally multi-part insulating housing 7 are pressure-resistant insulating bodies. All compressor spaces 4 are at least partially filled with a liquid metal 8, for example a GalnSn alloy. For example, there is a vacuum above the liquid metal 8.
  • the intermediate walls 6 are provided with connecting channels 9. At least one connecting channel 9 of each partition 6 is filled with liquid metal 8, so that there is a continuous electrically conductive connection between the electrodes 11 and 12.
  • the intermediate walls 6 each have a plurality of connecting channels 9 arranged in a circle around the longitudinal axis 3, which, according to FIGS. 5 and 6, are offset by a certain angle between adjacent intermediate walls 6 in order to prevent a continuous arc in the event of a current limitation.
  • the electrodes 11 and 12 are equipped with a pot-like cavity 14, which is tapered and connected to the adjacent compressor chamber 4 via an opening 16.
  • the liquid metal 8 is distributed over the cavities 14 of the electrodes 11, 12 and over the compressor chambers 4 via the openings 16 and via the connecting channels 9, depending on the position of use of the current limiting device 1.
  • the cavities 14 are more or less filled with liquid metal 8. In the case of FIG.
  • each electrode 11 and 12 has both a large part of the inner surface of the cavity 14 and the surface adjacent to the adjacent compressor chamber 4 wetted by the liquid metal 8. Furthermore, in this position, the majority of the connecting channels 9 are located below the liquid level 81, while the remaining part is located above it. In the vertical position of the current limiting device 1 shown in FIG.
  • the current limiting device 2 shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 differs from the previously described current limiting device 1 by the design of the electrodes 21 and 22.
  • the electrodes 21 and 22 are configured in a double-pot manner. They each have a cylindrical inner cavity 25 open to the adjacent compressor chamber 4 and a cylindrical outer cavity 24 divided off by a partition 27.
  • the outer cavity 24 communicates with the adjacent inner cavity 25 via a plurality of openings 26 which are circular in the partition 27 the longitudinal axis 3 are arranged.
  • a flat connecting conductor 23 extends from the partition wall 27 of each electrode 21 or 22 and divides the outer cavity 24 into two subspaces 241 and 242, which are connected via at least one further opening 28 in the connecting conductor 23.
  • the liquid metal 8 is distributed over the cavities 24, 25 of the electrodes 21, 22 via the openings 26, 28 and the connecting channels 9 and via the compressor spaces 4 depending on the position of use of the current limiting device 2.
  • the liquid metal 8 is uniformly in each case via the outer cavities 24 and the inner cavities 25 of both electrodes 21 and 22 and also uniformly above all compressor rooms 4 distributed.
  • a large part of the inner surfaces of the cavities 24 and 25 is wetted by the liquid metal 8 for each electrode 21 and 22.
  • the majority of the circularly arranged connecting channels 9 are located below the liquid level 83 in this position, while the remainder is located above it.
  • the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, but also encompasses all embodiments having the same effect in the sense of the invention.
  • knowledge of the internal pressure of the medium above the liquid metal provides meaningful information about the functional reliability of the current limiting device.
  • This can advantageously be achieved by a pressure measuring device that reaches into the interior of the current limiting device and can be read from the outside, for example with a membrane manometer derives its display from the pressure energy present inside, or with a gas friction vacuum meter, which can indicate the pressure on request via a corresponding measuring head and a display device.

Landscapes

  • Fuses (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a self-recovering current-limiting device with liquid metal. The device contains two solid metal electrodes (11, 12) which are rotationally symmetrical in relation to the longitudinal axis (3) of the current limiting device (1) and several compression chambers (4) which are partially filled with liquid metal (8) and arranged in a series between the electrodes (11, 12). The compression chambers are formed by pressure-resistant insulating bodies (5, 7) and insulating intermediate walls (6) which are supported by the same (6) and which have several connecting channels (9), distributed in a circular form. The aim of the invention is to extend the positions of use. To this end, the electrodes (11, 12) have cavities (14) which are connected to the adjacent compression chambers (4) by openings (16) and which are adequately wetted to completely filled with the liquid metal (8), according to the position of use.

Description

B e s c h r e i b u n g Description
Selbsterholende Strombegrenzungseinrichtung mit FlüssigmetaliSelf-recovering current limiting device with liquid metal
Technisches GebietTechnical field
Die Erfindung betrifft eine selbsterholende Strombegrenzungseinrichtung mit Flüssigmetall nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruches 1. Derartige Strombegrenzungseinrichtungen finden Anwendung zur Strombegrenzung in Niederspannungsnetzen.The invention relates to a self-recovering current limiting device with liquid metal according to the preamble of claim 1. Current limiting devices of this type are used for current limiting in low-voltage networks.
Stand der TechnikState of the art
Aus der Druckschrift SU 922 911 A ist eine selbsterholende Strombegrenzungseinrichtung bekannt, die zwei zum Inneren der Strombegrenzungseinrichtung eben ausgebildete Elektroden aus Festmetall enthält, die durch als zylindrisches, druckfestes Isoliergehäuse ausgebildete erste Isolierkörper getrennt sind. Innerhalb des Isoliergehäuses sind durch isolierende Zwischenwände und dazwischen angeordnete zweite Isolierkörper, die als ringförmige Dichtscheiben ausgebildet sind, mit Flüssigmetall teilweise aufgefüllte, hintereinander liegende Verdichterräume ausgebildet, die untereinander über mit Flüssigmetall ausgefüllte, außermittig angeordnete Verbindungskanäle der Zwischenwände verbunden sind. Damit besteht im Normalbetrieb über das Flüssigmetall eine durchgehende innere leitende Verbindung zwischen den Elektroden. Im Strombegrenzungsfall wird infolge der hohen Stromdichte schlagartig das Flüssigmetall aus den Verbindungskanälen verdrängt. Damit ist die elektrische Verbindung der Elektroden über das Flüssigmetall unterbrochen, was zur Begrenzung des Kurzschlußstromes führt. Nach Abschaltung oder Beseitigung des Kurzschlusses füllen sich die Verbindungskanäle wieder mit Flüssigmetall, worauf die Strombegrenzungseinrichtung erneut betriebsbe- reit ist. In der Druckschrift DE 40 12 385 A1 wird als Medium über dem Flüssigkeitsspiegel Vakuum, Schutzgas oder eine isolierende Flüssigkeit erwähnt. Zur Verbesserung der Begrenzungseigenschaften sind nach Druckschrift SU 1 076 981 A die Verbindungskanäle benachbarter Zwischenwände gegeneinan- der versetzt angeordnet. Es ist nach Druckschrift DE 26 52 506 A1 bekannt, bei Kontakteinrichtungen Gallium-Legierungen, insbesondere Gallium-Indium- Zinn-Legierungen (GalnSn-Legierungen) zu verwenden. Von Nachteil ist, daß die bekannten Strombegrenzungseinrichtungen nur in waagerechten und gering davon abweichenden Gebrauchslagen funktionieren. Eine bekannte Strombegrenzungseinrichtung nach Druckschrift SU 1 094 088 A ist mit Zwischenwänden, in denen mehrere Verbindungskanäle kreisförmig um die Mittelachse ausgebildet sind, sowie mit zwischen den Zwischenwänden angeordneten kupfernen Trennwänden, die zwecks Kühlung des Flüssigmetalls nach außen geführt sind, ausgestattet. Diese Strombegrenzungseinrichtung erlaubt Gebrauchslagen bei Drehungen bis zu 360° um die horizontale Mittelachse und Neigungen bis zu 50° gegenüber der Horizontalen, was allerdings nur in Verbindung mit den in nachteiliger Weise potentialbehafteten Trennwänden ermöglicht wird, wobei wegen dieser Trennwände die Verdichterräume in aufwendiger Weise einzeln mit Flüssigmetall zu füllen sind.A self-recovering current limiting device is known from the publication SU 922 911 A, which contains two electrodes made of solid metal which have just been formed to the inside of the current limiting device and which are separated by first insulating bodies designed as cylindrical, pressure-resistant insulating housings. Inside the insulating housing, insulated intermediate walls and second insulating bodies arranged between them, which are designed as ring-shaped sealing disks, form compressor chambers which are partially filled with liquid metal and are located one behind the other and which are connected to one another via eccentrically arranged connecting channels of the intermediate walls filled with liquid metal. In normal operation, there is therefore a continuous internal conductive connection between the electrodes via the liquid metal. In the event of a current limitation, the liquid metal is suddenly displaced from the connecting channels due to the high current density. The electrical connection of the electrodes via the liquid metal is thus interrupted, which leads to the limitation of the short-circuit current. After the short circuit has been switched off or eliminated, the connecting channels fill again with liquid metal, whereupon the current limiting device is operated again. is riding. In document DE 40 12 385 A1 vacuum, protective gas or an insulating liquid is mentioned as the medium above the liquid level. To improve the delimitation properties, according to publication SU 1 076 981 A, the connecting channels of adjacent partition walls are arranged offset from one another. According to document DE 26 52 506 A1, it is known to use gallium alloys, in particular gallium-indium-tin alloys (GalnSn alloys) in contact devices. The disadvantage is that the known current limiting devices only work in horizontal and slightly different use situations. A known current limiting device according to the publication SU 1 094 088 A is equipped with partition walls in which a plurality of connecting channels are formed in a circle around the central axis, and with copper partition walls arranged between the partition walls and leading to the outside for cooling the liquid metal. This current limiting device allows use positions with rotations up to 360 ° around the horizontal central axis and inclinations up to 50 ° with respect to the horizontal, which is only possible in connection with the disadvantageously potential dividing walls, because of these dividing walls the compressor rooms in a complex manner individually Liquid metal are to be filled.
Darstellung der ErfindungPresentation of the invention
Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, in fertigungs- und anwender- freundlicher Weise den Bereich der Gebrauchslagen zu erweitern.The invention is therefore based on the object of expanding the range of use positions in a manner which is production-friendly and user-friendly.
Ausgehend von einer Strombegrenzungseinrichtung der eingangs genannten Art wird die Aufgabe erfindungsgemäß durch die kennzeichnenden Merkmale des unabhängigen Anspruches gelöst, während den abhängigen Ansprüchen vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung zu entnehmen sind.Starting from a current limiting device of the type mentioned at the outset, the object is achieved according to the invention by the characterizing features of the independent claim, while advantageous developments of the invention can be found in the dependent claims.
Durch die Hohlräume der Elektroden wird ein zusätzlicher Raum geschaffen, der als Reservoir für Flüssigmetall dient, das bei Veränderung der Gebrauchs- läge an anderer Stelle zur Verfügung steht und damit der hinreichenden Funktionstüchtigkeit der Strombegrenzungseinrichtung dient. In der waagerechten Gebrauchslage, das heißt bei horizontal ausgerichteter Längsachse der Strombegrenzungseinrichtung, ist die Ausfüllung der Hohlräume und die Be- netzung der für die Stromübertragung maßgeblichen Oberflächen mit Flüssigmetall für beide Elektroden gleich. Bei Neigung der Längsachse leert sich durch die Schwerkraft der Hohlraum der nach oben gelangenden Elektrode in dem Maße von Flüssigmetall, wie sich der Hohlraum der nach unten gelangenden Elektrode mit Flüssigmetall füllt, bis sich bei weiter zunehmender Nei- gung der Hohlraum der unteren Elektrode vollständig mit Flüssigmetall füllt und sich der Hohlraum der oberen Elektrode im Extremfall vollständig entleert, diese Elektrode jedoch noch ausreichend vom Flüssigmetall benetzt ist. Eine entsprechende Umverteilung der Füllmenge findet in den Verdichterräumen statt, wobei durch die mehrfach pro Zwischenwand angeordneten Verbin- dungskanäle gewährleistet ist, daß bei allen vorgesehenen Gebrauchslagen jede Zwischenwand mit wenigstens einem ihrer Verbindungskanäle mit dem Flüssigmetall in Verbindung steht. Der rotationssymmetrische Aufbau der Strombegrenzungseinrichtung bewirkt in jeder Neigungslage bei einer zusätzlichen Verdrehung um die Längsachse keine effektive Veränderung der Ver- teilung des Flüssigmetalls in den Hohlräumen und in den Verdichterräumen, so daß bei Normalbetrieb in allen möglichen Gebrauchslagen eine ausreichende elektrische Verbindung zwischen den Elektroden besteht. Die nicht mit dem Flüssigmetall in Verbindung stehenden Verbindungskanäle dienen einerseits beim Befüllen der Strombegrenzungseinrichtung mit Flüssigmetall zur gleichmäßigen Entlüftung der Verdichterräume und anderseits während und nach einem Kurzschlußfall zum Druckausgleich zwischen benachbarten Verdichterräumen.The cavities in the electrodes create an additional space that serves as a reservoir for liquid metal that is used when the would be available elsewhere and thus serves the sufficient functionality of the current limiting device. In the horizontal position of use, that is to say with the longitudinal axis of the current limiting device aligned horizontally, the filling of the cavities and the wetting of the surfaces relevant for the current transmission with liquid metal are the same for both electrodes. When the longitudinal axis is inclined, the cavity of the upward-reaching electrode is emptied of liquid metal by the force of gravity as the cavity of the downward-coming electrode fills with liquid metal until the cavity of the lower electrode completely coincides with an increasing inclination Liquid metal fills and the cavity of the upper electrode is completely emptied in extreme cases, but this electrode is still sufficiently wetted by the liquid metal. A corresponding redistribution of the filling quantity takes place in the compressor rooms, the connecting channels arranged several times per partition wall ensuring that, in all intended use positions, each partition wall is connected to the liquid metal with at least one of its connecting channels. The rotationally symmetrical structure of the current limiting device does not cause any effective change in the distribution of the liquid metal in the cavities and in the compressor spaces in any inclination position with an additional rotation about the longitudinal axis, so that in normal operation there is an adequate electrical connection between the electrodes in all possible use situations. The connecting channels which are not connected to the liquid metal serve, on the one hand, for filling the current limiting device with liquid metal for uniform venting of the compressor rooms and, on the other hand, during and after a short circuit in order to equalize the pressure between adjacent compressor rooms.
Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Hohlräume bestehen zum einen in einer topfartig, sich konisch verjüngenden und zum anderen in einer doppeltopfarti- gen zylindrischen Ausbildung. Im letzeren Fall kann durch den jeweils äußeren Hohlraum ein flacher Anschlußleiter reichen, der zur Erhöhung der Formbeständigkeit die gesamte Breite des äußeren Hohlraumes einnimmt, wobei eine weiterer Durchbruch zur Umverteilung des Flüssigmetalls in dem äußeren Hohlraum beim Neigen und beim Verdrehen der Strombegrenzungseinrichtung dient. Eine versetzte Anordnung der Verbindungskanäle benachbarter Zwischenwände verhindert das Brennen eines langen Lichtbogens über alle Verdichterräume und zwingt dagegen zur Aufteilung in mehrere, wirksamer begrenzende Teillichtbögen. GalnSn-Legierungen als zu verwendendes Flüssigmetall sind einfach zu handhaben durch ihre physiologische Unbedenklichkeit. Eine Legierung aus 660 Gewichtsanteilen Gallium, 205 Gewichtsanteilen Indium und 135 Gewichtsanteilen Zinn ist bei Normaldruck von 10°C bis 2000°C flüssig und besitzt eine ausreichende elektrische Leitfähigkeit.Advantageous configurations of the cavities consist on the one hand in a pot-like, conically tapering and on the other hand in a double-pot-like cylindrical design. In the latter case, a flat connecting conductor can extend through the respective outer cavity, which takes up the entire width of the outer cavity to increase the dimensional stability, one further breakthrough to redistribute the liquid metal in the outer cavity when tilting and rotating the current limiting device is used. A staggered arrangement of the connecting channels of adjacent partition walls prevents a long arc from burning across all the compressor rooms and, on the other hand, forces the division into several, more effectively limiting partial arcs. GalnSn alloys as the liquid metal to be used are easy to handle due to their physiological harmlessness. An alloy of 660 parts by weight gallium, 205 parts by weight indium and 135 parts by weight tin is liquid at normal pressure from 10 ° C to 2000 ° C and has sufficient electrical conductivity.
Kurze Beschreibung der ZeichnungenBrief description of the drawings
Weitere Einzelheiten und Vorteile der Erfindung ergeben sich aus dem folgenden, anhand von Figuren erläuterten Ausführungsbeispielen. Es zeigenFurther details and advantages of the invention result from the following exemplary embodiments explained with reference to figures. Show it
Figur 1 : im Längsschnitt eine erste Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Strombegrenzungseinrichtung in horizontaler Lage; Figur 2: die Strombegrenzungseinrichtung nach Fig. 1 in vertikaler Lage;Figure 1: in longitudinal section a first embodiment of the current limiting device according to the invention in a horizontal position; Figure 2: the current limiting device of Figure 1 in a vertical position.
Figur 3: im Längsschnitt eine zweite Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Strombegrenzungseinrichtung in horizontaler Lage;Figure 3: in longitudinal section a second embodiment of the current limiting device according to the invention in a horizontal position;
Figur 4: die Strombegrenzungseinrichtung nach Fig. 3 in vertikaler Lage;FIG. 4: the current limiting device according to FIG. 3 in a vertical position;
Figur 5: im Querschnitt A-A die Strombegrenzungseinrichtung nach Fig. 1 oder Fig. 3;Figure 5: in cross section A-A the current limiting device according to Fig. 1 or Fig. 3;
Figur 6: im Querschnitt B-B die Strombegrenzungseinrichtung nach FigJ oder Fig. 3.Figure 6: in cross section B-B the current limiting device according to FigJ or Fig. 3rd
Beste Wege zur Ausführung der ErfindungBest ways to carry out the invention
Die Strombegrenzungseinrichtung 1 nach Fig. 1 und Fig. 2 enthält zu beiden Seiten je eine Elektrode 11 bzw. 12 aus Festmetall, vorzugsweise Kupfer, die bezüglich der Längsachse 3 der Strombegrenzungseinrichtung 1 rotationssymmetrisch ausgebildet ist und in einen äußeren Anschlußleiter 13 übergeht. Zwischen den Elektroden 11 und 12 befinden sich mehrere Verdichterräume 4, die durch eine entsprechende Anzahl von ringförmigen Dichtscheiben 5 aus Isolierstoff sowie von isolierenden Zwischenwänden 6 gebildet werden. Durch ein Isoliergehäuse 7 werden die Elektroden 11 und 12, die Dichtscheiben 5 und die Zwischenwände 6 gehalten, wobei bekannte Mittel zum Abdichten der Verdichterräume 4 und zum kraftschlüssigen Verbinden der im Isoliergehäuse 7 gelagerten Elemente 5, 6, 11 und 12 vorgesehen, jedoch aus Gründen der Übersichtlichkeit nicht dargestellt sind. Die Mittel zum Abdichten können beispielsweise Dichtringe zwischen den Dichtscheiben 5 und den Zwischenwänden 6 sein. Die beiden äußeren Verdichterräume 4 werden seitlich jeweils durch eine der Elektroden 11 bzw. 12 sowie durch eine Zwischenwand 6 begrenzt. Die inneren Verdichterräume 4 werden seitlich jeweils durch zwei Zwi- schenwände 6 begrenzt. Die Dichtscheiben 5 und das im allgemeinen mehrteilige Isoliergehäuse 7 sind druckfeste Isolierkörper. Alle Verdichterräume 4 sind wenigstens teilweise mit einem Flüssigmetall 8, beispielsweise einer GalnSn-Legierung ausgefüllt. Oberhalb des Flüssigmetalls 8 befindet sich beispielsweise Vakuum. Die Zwischenwände 6 sind mit Verbindungskanälen 9 versehen. Mindestens ein Verbindungskanal 9 jeder Zwischenwand 6 ist mit Flüssigmetall 8 gefüllt, so daß zwischen den Elektroden 11 und 12 eine durchgehende elektrisch leitende Verbindung besteht. Die Zwischenwände 6 weisen jeweils mehrere kreisförmig um die Längsachse 3 angeordnete Verbindungskanäle 9 auf, die gemäß Fig. 5 und Fig. 6 zwischen benachbarten Zwi- schenwänden 6 um eine bestimmten Winkelbetrag versetzt sind, um im Strombegrenzungsfall einen durchgehenden Lichtbogen zu verhindern. Die Elektroden 11 und 12 sind erfindungsgemäß mit einem topfartigen Hohlraum 14 ausgestattet, der sich konisch verjüngend über einen Durchbruch 16 mit dem jeweils benachbarten Verdichterraum 4 verbunden ist. Über die Durchbrüche 16 sowie über die Verbindungskanäle 9 verteilt sich das Flüssigmetall 8 über die Hohlräume 14 der Elektroden 11 , 12 sowie über die Verdichterräume 4 je nach Gebrauchslage der Strombegrenzungseinrichtung 1. Die Hohlräume 14 sind dabei mehr oder weniger mit Flüssigmetall 8 ausgefüllt. Bei der in Fig. 1 dargestellten horizontalen Lage der Strombegrenzungseinrichtung 1 ist das Flüssigmetall 8 gleichmäßig sowohl über beide Hohlräume 14 der Elektroden 11 und 12 als auch über alle Verdichterräume 4 verteilt. In dieser Lage ist bei jeder Elektrode 11 und 12 sowohl ein großer Teil der inneren Oberfläche des Hohlraumes 14 als auch die an den benachbarten Verdichterraum 4 grenzende Oberfläche vom Flüssigmetall 8 benetzt. Weiterhin befindet sich in dieser Lage der größte Teil der Verbindungskanäle 9 unterhalb des Flüssigkeitsspiegels 81 , während der restliche Teil sich oberhalb davon befindet. Bei der in Fig. 2 dargestellten, extrem von der horizontalen Lage abweichenden verti- kalen Lage der Strombegrenzungseinrichtung 1 hat sich der Hohlraum 14 der nach unten gelangten Elektrode 11 vollständig mit Flüssigmetall 8 gefüllt, während der Hohlraum 14 der nach oben gelangten Elektrode 12 zum größten Teil vom Flüssigmetall 8 entleert ist, wobei allerdings noch ein ausreichender Teil der Oberfläche der oberen Elektrode 12, nämlich vollständig die an den be- nachbarten Verdichterraum 4 angrenzende Oberfläche und der Durchbruch 16, von Flüssigmetall 8 benetzt ist. Weiterhin befinden sich sämtliche Verbindungskanäle 9 aller Zwischenwände 6 unterhalb des Flüssigkeitsspiegels 82, der im Bereich des Durchbruches 16 der oberen Elektrode 12 verläuft.The current limiting device 1 according to FIGS. 1 and 2 contains an electrode 11 or 12 made of solid metal, preferably copper, on both sides is rotationally symmetrical with respect to the longitudinal axis 3 of the current limiting device 1 and merges into an outer connecting conductor 13. Between the electrodes 11 and 12 there are a number of compression spaces 4, which are formed by a corresponding number of annular sealing disks 5 made of insulating material and of insulating partition walls 6. The electrodes 11 and 12, the sealing washers 5 and the partition walls 6 are held by an insulating housing 7, whereby known means for sealing the compression spaces 4 and for non-positively connecting the elements 5, 6, 11 and 12 stored in the insulating housing 7 are provided, but for reasons are not shown for clarity. The means for sealing can be, for example, sealing rings between the sealing disks 5 and the intermediate walls 6. The two outer compressor chambers 4 are laterally delimited by one of the electrodes 11 and 12 and by an intermediate wall 6. The inner compression spaces 4 are laterally delimited by two intermediate walls 6. The sealing washers 5 and the generally multi-part insulating housing 7 are pressure-resistant insulating bodies. All compressor spaces 4 are at least partially filled with a liquid metal 8, for example a GalnSn alloy. For example, there is a vacuum above the liquid metal 8. The intermediate walls 6 are provided with connecting channels 9. At least one connecting channel 9 of each partition 6 is filled with liquid metal 8, so that there is a continuous electrically conductive connection between the electrodes 11 and 12. The intermediate walls 6 each have a plurality of connecting channels 9 arranged in a circle around the longitudinal axis 3, which, according to FIGS. 5 and 6, are offset by a certain angle between adjacent intermediate walls 6 in order to prevent a continuous arc in the event of a current limitation. According to the invention, the electrodes 11 and 12 are equipped with a pot-like cavity 14, which is tapered and connected to the adjacent compressor chamber 4 via an opening 16. The liquid metal 8 is distributed over the cavities 14 of the electrodes 11, 12 and over the compressor chambers 4 via the openings 16 and via the connecting channels 9, depending on the position of use of the current limiting device 1. The cavities 14 are more or less filled with liquid metal 8. In the case of FIG. 1 shown horizontal position of the current limiting device 1, the liquid metal 8 is evenly distributed both over both cavities 14 of the electrodes 11 and 12 and over all the compressor rooms 4. In this position, each electrode 11 and 12 has both a large part of the inner surface of the cavity 14 and the surface adjacent to the adjacent compressor chamber 4 wetted by the liquid metal 8. Furthermore, in this position, the majority of the connecting channels 9 are located below the liquid level 81, while the remaining part is located above it. In the vertical position of the current limiting device 1 shown in FIG. 2, which deviates extremely from the horizontal position, the cavity 14 of the electrode 11 which has reached the bottom has completely filled with liquid metal 8, while the cavity 14 of the electrode 12 which has reached the top has become the largest Part of the liquid metal 8 has been emptied, although a sufficient part of the surface of the upper electrode 12, namely completely the surface adjacent to the adjacent compressor chamber 4 and the opening 16, is still wetted by liquid metal 8. Furthermore, all the connecting channels 9 of all the partition walls 6 are located below the liquid level 82, which runs in the region of the opening 16 of the upper electrode 12.
Von der zuvor beschriebenen Strombegrenzungseinrichtung 1 unterscheidet sich die in Fig. 3 und Fig. 4 dargestellte Strombegrenzungseinrichtung 2 durch die Ausbildung der Elektroden 21 und 22. Die Elektroden 21 und 22 sind erfindungsgemäß doppeltopfartig ausgebildet. Sie besitzen jeweils einen zum angrenzenden Verdichterraum 4 hin offenen zylindrischen inneren Hohlraum 25 und einen davon durch eine Trennwand 27 abgeteilten zylindrischen äußeren Hohlraum 24. Der äußere Hohlraum 24 kommuniziert mit dem benachbarten inneren Hohlraum 25 über mehrere Durchbrüche 26, die in der Trennwand 27 kreisförmig um die Längsachse 3 angeordnet sind. Von der Trennwand 27 jeder Elektrode 21 bzw. 22 erstreckt sich jeweils ein flacher Anschlußleiter 23, der den äußeren Hohlraum 24 in zwei Teilräume 241 und 242 teilt, die über mindestens einen weiteren Durchbruch 28 im Anschlußleiter 23 verbunden sind. Über die Durchbrüche 26, 28 sowie über die Verbindungskanäle 9 verteilt sich das Flüssigmetall 8 über die Hohlräume 24, 25 der Elektroden 21 , 22 sowie über die Verdichterräume 4 je nach Gebrauchslage der Strombegrenzungseinrichtung 2. Bei der in Fig. 3 dargestellten horizontalen Lage der Strombegrenzungseinrichtung 2 ist das Flüssigmetall 8 gleichmäßig jeweils über die äußeren Hohlräume 24 und die inneren Hohlräume 25 beider Elek- troden 21 und 22 sowie gleichmäßig über alle Verdichterräume 4 verteilt. In dieser Lage ist bei jeder Elektrode 21 und 22 ein großer Teil der inneren Oberflächen der Hohlräume 24 und 25 vom Flüssigmetall 8 benetzt. Weiterhin befindet sich in dieser Lage der größte Teil der kreisförmig angeordneten Verbindungskanäle 9 unterhalb des Flüssigkeitsspiegels 83, während der restli- ehe Teil sich oberhalb davon befindet. Bei der in Fig. 4 dargestellten, extrem von der horizontalen Lage abweichenden vertikalen Lage der Strombegrenzungseinrichtung 2 haben sich die Hohlräume 24 und 25 der nach unten gelangten Elektrode 21 vollständig mit Flüssigmetall 8 gefüllt, während der äußere Hohlraum 24 der nach oben gelangten Elektrode 22 vollständig vom Flüssigmetall 8 entleert ist, wobei allerdings die vollständige Füllung des inneren Hohlraumes 25 für eine ausreichende Benetzung der oberen Elektrode 22 mit Flüssigmetall 8 sorgt. Weiterhin befinden sich sämtliche Verbindungskanäle 9 aller Zwischenwände 6 unterhalb des Flüssigkeitsspiegels 84, der im Bereich der Durchbrüche 26 der oberen Elektrode 22 verläuft.The current limiting device 2 shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 differs from the previously described current limiting device 1 by the design of the electrodes 21 and 22. According to the invention, the electrodes 21 and 22 are configured in a double-pot manner. They each have a cylindrical inner cavity 25 open to the adjacent compressor chamber 4 and a cylindrical outer cavity 24 divided off by a partition 27. The outer cavity 24 communicates with the adjacent inner cavity 25 via a plurality of openings 26 which are circular in the partition 27 the longitudinal axis 3 are arranged. A flat connecting conductor 23 extends from the partition wall 27 of each electrode 21 or 22 and divides the outer cavity 24 into two subspaces 241 and 242, which are connected via at least one further opening 28 in the connecting conductor 23. The liquid metal 8 is distributed over the cavities 24, 25 of the electrodes 21, 22 via the openings 26, 28 and the connecting channels 9 and via the compressor spaces 4 depending on the position of use of the current limiting device 2. In the horizontal position of the current limiting device 2 shown in FIG. 3, the liquid metal 8 is uniformly in each case via the outer cavities 24 and the inner cavities 25 of both electrodes 21 and 22 and also uniformly above all compressor rooms 4 distributed. In this position, a large part of the inner surfaces of the cavities 24 and 25 is wetted by the liquid metal 8 for each electrode 21 and 22. Furthermore, the majority of the circularly arranged connecting channels 9 are located below the liquid level 83 in this position, while the remainder is located above it. In the vertical position of the current limiting device 2 shown in FIG. 4, which deviates extremely from the horizontal position, the cavities 24 and 25 of the electrode 21 which has come down have completely filled with liquid metal 8, while the outer cavity 24 of the electrode 22 which has come up has completely is emptied of the liquid metal 8, although the complete filling of the inner cavity 25 ensures adequate wetting of the upper electrode 22 with liquid metal 8. Furthermore, all the connecting channels 9 of all the partition walls 6 are located below the liquid level 84, which runs in the area of the openings 26 of the upper electrode 22.
Die vorliegende Erfindung ist nicht auf die vorstehend beschriebenen Ausführungsformen beschränkt, sondern umfaßt auch alle im Sinne der Erfindung gleichwirkenden Ausführungsformen. So stellt beispielsweise die Kenntnis des Innendruckes des über dem Flüssigmetall stehenden Mediums eine aussage- kräftige Information über die Funktionssicherheit der Strombegrenzungseinrichtung dar. Dies läßt sich mit Vorteil durch eine ins Innere der Strombegrenzungseinrichtung reichende und von außen ablesbare Druckmeßeinrichtung realisieren, beispielsweise mit einem Membranmanometer, das seine Anzeige aus der im Inneren vorhandenen Druckenergie herleitet, oder mit einem Gas- reibungsvakuummeter, welches über einen entsprechenden Meßkopf und einem Anzeigegerät den Druck auf Wunsch angeben kann. Zur regelmäßigen Überwachung der Strombegrenzungseinrichtung ist es weiterhin von Vorteil, wenn qualitätsverschlechternde Veränderungen des Flüssigmetalls, beispiels- weise durch verunreinigende bzw. verschleißende thermische und/oder chemische Zersetzungsprodukte bzw. Verunreinigungen, durch eine ins Innere der Strombegrenzungseinrichtung reichende Diagnoseöffnung, beispielsweise für eine entsprechende Diagnosesonde oder eine absaugende Probeentnah- mevorrichtung, kontrolliert werden können. The present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, but also encompasses all embodiments having the same effect in the sense of the invention. For example, knowledge of the internal pressure of the medium above the liquid metal provides meaningful information about the functional reliability of the current limiting device. This can advantageously be achieved by a pressure measuring device that reaches into the interior of the current limiting device and can be read from the outside, for example with a membrane manometer derives its display from the pressure energy present inside, or with a gas friction vacuum meter, which can indicate the pressure on request via a corresponding measuring head and a display device. For regular monitoring of the current limiting device, it is also advantageous if changes in the liquid metal which impair quality, for example can be checked by contaminating or wearing thermal and / or chemical decomposition products or contaminations, through a diagnostic opening reaching into the interior of the current limiting device, for example for a corresponding diagnostic probe or a suction-extracting sampling device.

Claims

A n s p r ü c h e Expectations
1. Selbsterholende Strombegrenzungseinrichtung mit Flüssigmetall, enthal- tend zwei bezüglich der Längsachse (3) der Strombegrenzungseinrichtung1. Self-recovering current limiting device with liquid metal, containing two with respect to the longitudinal axis (3) of the current limiting device
(1 ; 2) rotationssymmetrische Elektroden (11 , 12; 21 , 22) aus Festmetall zum Anschließen an einen zu schützenden Stromkreis und mehrere teilweise mit Flüssigmetall (8) aufgefüllte, zwischen den Elektroden (11 , 12; 21 , 22) hintereinander liegende Verdichterräume (4), die durch druckfeste Isolierkörper (5, 7) und durch diese gehaltene isolierende Zwischenwände (6) mit mehreren kreisförmig verteilten Verbindungskanälen (9) gebildet werden, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Elektroden (11 , 12; 21 , 22) mit den benachbarten Verdichterräumen (4) verbundene Hohlräume (14; 24, 25) aufweisen, deren Volumen sowie die Füllmenge des Flüssigmetalls (8) so gewählt sind, daß in derjenigen Gebrauchslage der Strombegrenzungseinrichtung (1 ; 2), die extrem von der waagerechten Gebrauchslage abweicht, die obere der beiden Elektroden (11 , 12; 21 , 22) noch ausreichend von dem Flüssigmetall (8) benetzt ist.(1; 2) rotationally symmetrical electrodes (11, 12; 21, 22) made of solid metal for connection to a circuit to be protected and a plurality of compression chambers, which are partially filled with liquid metal (8) and are located one behind the other between the electrodes (11, 12; 21, 22) (4), which are formed by pressure-resistant insulating bodies (5, 7) and by these insulating partition walls (6) with a plurality of circularly distributed connecting channels (9), characterized in that the electrodes (11, 12; 21, 22) with the have adjacent cavities (4) connected cavities (14; 24, 25), the volume and the amount of liquid metal (8) are selected so that in the position of use of the current limiting device (1; 2) that differs extremely from the horizontal position of use, the upper of the two electrodes (11, 12; 21, 22) is still sufficiently wetted by the liquid metal (8).
2. Strombegrenzungseinrichtung nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Elektroden (11 ; 12) jeweils mit einem topfartigen Hohlraum (14) ausgebildet sind, der konisch verengt in einen Durchbruch (16) zum benachbarten Verdichterraum (4) übergeht..2. Current limiting device according to claim 1, characterized in that the electrodes (11; 12) are each formed with a pot-like cavity (14) which narrows conically into an opening (16) to the adjacent compressor chamber (4) ..
3. Strombegrenzungseinrichtung nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Elektroden (21 , 22) doppeltopfartig mit einem im wesentlichen zylindrischen inneren Hohlraum (25) und einem gleichartigen äußeren Hohlraum (24), der über konzentrisch angeordnete Durchbrüche (26) mit dem zum benachbarten Verdichterraum (4) hin offenen inneren Hohl- räum (25) verbunden ist, ausgebildet sind.3. Current limiting device according to claim 1, characterized in that the electrodes (21, 22) double-pot-like with a substantially cylindrical inner cavity (25) and a similar outer cavity (24) via concentrically arranged openings (26) with the adjacent Compressor space (4) open inner cavity (25) is formed.
4. Strombegrenzungseinrichtung nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Elektroden (21 , 22) mit einem den jeweiligen äußeren Hohl- raum (24) in zwei Teilräume (241 , 242) aufteilenden flachen Anschlußleiter (23), der über mindestens einem weiteren Durchbruch (28) die beiden Teilräume (241 , 242) verbindet, ausgebildet sind.4. Current limiting device according to claim 3, characterized in that the electrodes (21, 22) with a the respective outer hollow space (24) in two sub-spaces (241, 242) dividing flat connecting conductor (23), which connects the two sub-spaces (241, 242) via at least one further opening (28).
5. Strombegrenzungseinrichtung nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Verbindungskanäle (9) benachbarter Zwischenwände (6) jeweils winkelversetzt sind.5. Current limiting device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the connecting channels (9) of adjacent partition walls (6) are each angularly offset.
6. Strombegrenzungseinrichtung nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Flüssigmetall (8) eine GalnSn-Legie- rung ist. 6. Current limiting device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the liquid metal (8) is a GalnSn alloy.
EP99958049A 1998-11-20 1999-11-16 Self-recovering current-limiting device with liquid metal Expired - Lifetime EP1131837B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19853577A DE19853577C1 (en) 1998-11-20 1998-11-20 Self-recovering current limiting device with liquid metal
DE19853577 1998-11-20
PCT/EP1999/008799 WO2000031768A1 (en) 1998-11-20 1999-11-16 Self-recovering current-limiting device with liquid metal

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EP1131837A1 true EP1131837A1 (en) 2001-09-12
EP1131837B1 EP1131837B1 (en) 2002-08-14

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US (1) US6788516B1 (en)
EP (1) EP1131837B1 (en)
JP (1) JP3505151B2 (en)
AT (1) ATE222400T1 (en)
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WO (1) WO2000031768A1 (en)

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DE10139565B4 (en) * 2001-08-10 2004-07-29 Moeller Gmbh Current limiting device with liquid metal
CN109119308B (en) * 2018-10-30 2024-02-20 深圳市金合联技术股份有限公司 Liquid metal structure self-resetting fuse

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CH308101A (en) * 1952-08-19 1955-06-30 Fkg Ag Arc-proof insulating body.
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WO2000031768A1 (en) 2000-06-02
JP2002530832A (en) 2002-09-17
JP3505151B2 (en) 2004-03-08
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EP1131837B1 (en) 2002-08-14
US6788516B1 (en) 2004-09-07
ATE222400T1 (en) 2002-08-15

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