EP1153406A1 - Self-regenerating current limiting device with liquid metal - Google Patents

Self-regenerating current limiting device with liquid metal

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Publication number
EP1153406A1
EP1153406A1 EP00905038A EP00905038A EP1153406A1 EP 1153406 A1 EP1153406 A1 EP 1153406A1 EP 00905038 A EP00905038 A EP 00905038A EP 00905038 A EP00905038 A EP 00905038A EP 1153406 A1 EP1153406 A1 EP 1153406A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
current limiting
limiting device
self
channels
walls
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP00905038A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1153406B1 (en
Inventor
Wolfgang Kremers
Frank Berger
Andreas Krätzschmar
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Eaton Industries GmbH
Original Assignee
Moeller GmbH
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Publication date
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Publication of EP1153406A1 publication Critical patent/EP1153406A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1153406B1 publication Critical patent/EP1153406B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01HELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H87/00Protective devices in which a current flowing through a liquid or solid is interrupted by the evaporation of the liquid or by the melting and evaporation of the solid when the current becomes excessive, the circuit continuity being reestablished on cooling

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a self-recovering current limiting device with liquid metal according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Such a self-recovering current limiting device is known from the publication SU 922 911 A, which contains electrodes made of solid metal, which are separated by first insulating bodies designed as pressure-resistant insulating housings. Inside the insulating housing are formed by insulating intermediate walls and second insulating bodies arranged between them, which are designed as annular sealing disks, partially filled with liquid metal, consecutive compression spaces, which are interconnected via liquid metal filled, eccentrically arranged connecting channels of the intermediate walls. In normal operation there is therefore a continuous internal conductive connection between the electrodes via the liquid metal. In the case of current limitation, the liquid metal is displaced from the connecting channels due to the high current density. The electrical connection of the electrodes via the liquid metal is thus interrupted, which leads to the limitation of the short-circuit current. After the short circuit has been switched off or eliminated, the connecting channels fill again with liquid metal, whereupon the current limiting device is ready for operation again. In the publication SU 922 911 A, which contains electrodes made of solid metal, which are separated by first insulating bodies
  • Document DE 40 12 385 A1 describes a current limiting device with only one compressor space and mentions vacuum, protective gas or an insulating liquid as the medium above the liquid level.
  • the connection channels of adjacent partition walls are arranged offset from one another to improve the boundary properties.
  • Liquid metal has the desired property of self-recovery, but with a relatively long switch-off time of a circuit breaker which is connected in series with a current limiting device, there is a risk of the arc or the arcs in the current limiting device frequently being re-ignited. This leads to an increased material load and thus a shorter service life of the current limiting device. It is not possible to influence the recombination time, that is to say the time until the continuous metallic conductive connection is restored, with the known current limiting devices.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of specifying means for specifically influencing the recombination time.
  • the reconnection time can be set as required due to the connection channels being inclined on both sides, since after the current limitation the connection channels are more or less slowed down or accelerated with liquid metal depending on the course of their slopes.
  • the current limiting device according to the invention can therefore be adapted to the corresponding application by its recombination time.
  • the changing bevels of the connecting channels are expediently designed as straight partial channels which merge into one another at an angle in the interior of the intermediate walls. Partial channels rising on both sides towards the interior of the partition walls result in an extended recombination time compared to continuously straight connecting channels, since after a short circuit the escape of vapor or gas bubbles that are created is made more difficult and thus the refilling of the connecting channels with liquid metal is slowed down.
  • Partitions of this type can advantageously be produced by assembling two part walls, each with sub-channels inserted in a straight line at an angle, the part channels which are inclined in reverse butting against one another and combining to form the connecting channels essential to the invention.
  • Part walls of the same design the wall thickness of which is half the nominal wall thickness of the partition walls composed of these, cost-effectively lead to identical parts for the part walls.
  • partition walls or part walls consists in that they are formed with an edge-side collar, the height of which corresponds to half or the entire width of the inner compression spaces.
  • an inner compressor space is delimited by two opposite intermediate walls or partial walls, or an outer compressor space is delimited by an electrode and an intermediate or partial wall opposite this.
  • pressure equalization channels are provided in the intermediate walls above the liquid level, it is advisable to offset pressure equalization channels of adjacent intermediate walls, particularly strongly. In the event of a short circuit, this prevents the ignition of undesired arcs via these channels and extends the recombination time.
  • GalnSn alloys in particular are easy to handle due to their physiological harmlessness.
  • An alloy of 660 parts by weight gallium, 205 parts by weight indium and 135 parts by weight tin is included
  • Figure 1 in longitudinal section a first embodiment of the self-recovering current limiting device according to the invention
  • Figure 2 in longitudinal section a second embodiment of the self-recovering current limiting device according to the invention.
  • the current limiting device 10 contains an electrode 1 made of solid metal, preferably copper, on both sides, which is rotationally symmetrical and merges into an outer connecting conductor 2. Between the electrodes 1 there are a number of compression spaces 4 which are formed by a corresponding number of insulating partition walls 12 with collars 13 which are circular in shape on both sides at the edge.
  • the the two outer compressor chambers 4 are laterally delimited by one of the electrodes 1 and by an intermediate wall 12.
  • the inner compression spaces 4 are laterally delimited by two intermediate walls 12.
  • the electrodes 1 and the intermediate walls 12 are held non-positively by an insulating body in the form of a molded housing 5, which consists of two identical shell-shaped housing parts 51.
  • the housing halves 51 are pressure-resistant insulating bodies. All the compressor rooms 4 are partially filled with a liquid metal 7, for example a GalnSn alloy.
  • the intermediate walls 12 are provided below the liquid level 9 with connecting channels 17 with a V-shaped longitudinal profile.
  • the connection channels 17 are also filled with liquid metal 7 in nominal operation, so that there is a continuous electrically conductive connection between the electrodes 1.
  • the connecting channels 17 of adjacent partitions 12 can advantageously be offset by a certain angular amount in order to make a continuous arc difficult in the event of a current limitation.
  • the connecting channels 17 are composed of two subchannels 18, 19 which merge at right angles and run in a straight line.
  • the subchannels 18 and 19 run from the outer walls to the inside of the intermediate walls 12 obliquely downwards, that is, directed away from the liquid level 9.
  • This configuration of the connecting channels 17 results in a shorter recombination time than the known current limiting devices with rectilinear connecting channels, since after an external short circuit, the escape of steam or gas bubbles from the connecting channels 17 is facilitated and thus the refilling of the connecting channels with the liquid metal 7 is accelerated.
  • the current limiting device 20 according to FIG. 2 differs from the one described above essentially in the design of its intermediate the partition walls 22, 23 and by further insulating bodies formed as annular sealing disks 21 between the partition walls 22, 23 or between the outer partition walls 22 and the adjacent electrodes 1.
  • the partition walls 22, 23 are each composed of two identical part walls 24 and 25, which with an inclined partial channel 28 and 29 are provided.
  • connecting channels 26 or 27 are formed which have different directions of inclination from the outside inwards.
  • the two outer partition walls 22 are composed by the partial walls 24 and 25 such that the V-shaped connecting channels 26 formed by the partial channels 28 and 29 open obliquely on both sides to the liquid level 9 of the liquid metal 7, whereas the inner intermediate walls 23 are composed such that the inverted V-shaped connecting channels 27 formed by the partial channels 28 and 29 open obliquely on both sides away from the liquid level 9.
  • the outer connection channels 26 have a shortened and the inner connection channels 27 have an extended recombination time after a short circuit.
  • the present invention is not restricted to the embodiments described above.
  • suitable selection of the paired composition of the partial walls 24 and 25 allows current limiting devices to be produced which are largely adapted to different current limiting conditions.
  • some of the partition walls can be equipped with straight connecting channels.

Abstract

The invention relates to a self-regenerating current limiting device with liquid metal. Said device comprises electrodes (1) and several consecutive compression chambers (4) partially filled with liquid metal (7), said chambers being formed by pressure-proof insulating bodies (5) and partition walls (12) insulated by said bodies and having communicating channels (17). In order to influence recombination time in a targeted manner, at least one part of the communicating channels (17) has a substantially V-shaped or inverse V-shaped longitudinal profile.

Description

B e s c h r e i b u n g Description
Selbsterholende Strombegrenzungseinrichtung mit FlüssigmetallSelf-recovering current limiting device with liquid metal
Technisches GebietTechnical field
Die Erfindung betrifft eine selbsterholende Strombegrenzungseinrichtung mit Flüssigmetall nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruches 1.The invention relates to a self-recovering current limiting device with liquid metal according to the preamble of claim 1.
Stand der TechnikState of the art
Aus der Druckschrift SU 922 911 A ist eine solche selbsterholende Strombegrenzungseinrichtung bekannt, die Elektroden aus Festmetall enthält, die durch als druckfestes Isoliergehäuse ausgebildete erste Isolierkörper getrennt sind. Innerhalb des Isoliergehäuses sind durch isolierende Zwischenwände und dazwischen angeordnete zweite Isolierkörper, die als ringförmige Dicht- Scheiben ausgeführt sind, mit Flüssigmetall teilweise aufgefüllte, hintereinander liegende Verdichterräume ausgebildet, die untereinander über mit Flüssigmetall ausgefüllte, außermittig angeordnete Verbindungskanäle der Zwischenwände verbunden sind. Damit besteht im Normalbetrieb über das Flüssigmetall eine durchgehende innere leitende Verbindung zwischen den Elek- troden. Im Strombegrenzungsfall wird infolge der hohen Stromdichte das Flüssigmetall aus den Verbindungskanälen verdrängt. Damit ist die elektrische Verbindung der Elektroden über das Flüssigmetall unterbrochen, was zur Begrenzung des Kurzschlußstromes führt. Nach Abschaltung oder Beseitigung des Kurzschlusses füllen sich die Verbindungskanäle wieder mit Flüssigmetall, worauf die Strombegrenzungseinrichtung erneut betriebsbereit ist. In derSuch a self-recovering current limiting device is known from the publication SU 922 911 A, which contains electrodes made of solid metal, which are separated by first insulating bodies designed as pressure-resistant insulating housings. Inside the insulating housing are formed by insulating intermediate walls and second insulating bodies arranged between them, which are designed as annular sealing disks, partially filled with liquid metal, consecutive compression spaces, which are interconnected via liquid metal filled, eccentrically arranged connecting channels of the intermediate walls. In normal operation there is therefore a continuous internal conductive connection between the electrodes via the liquid metal. In the case of current limitation, the liquid metal is displaced from the connecting channels due to the high current density. The electrical connection of the electrodes via the liquid metal is thus interrupted, which leads to the limitation of the short-circuit current. After the short circuit has been switched off or eliminated, the connecting channels fill again with liquid metal, whereupon the current limiting device is ready for operation again. In the
Druckschrift DE 40 12 385 A1 wird eine Strombegrenzungseinrichtung mit nur einem Verdichterraum beschrieben und als Medium über dem Flüssigkeitsspiegel Vakuum, Schutzgas oder eine isolierende Flüssigkeit erwähnt. Zur Verbesserung der Begrenzungseigenschaften sind nach Druckschrift SU 1 076 981 A die Verbindungskanäle benachbarter Zwischenwände gegeneinander versetzt angeordnet. Es ist nach Druckschrift DE 26 52 506 A1 bekannt, bei Kontakteinrichtungen Gallium-Legierungen, insbesondere GalnSn-Legie- rungen zu verwenden. Die bekannten Strombegrenzungseinrichtungen mitDocument DE 40 12 385 A1 describes a current limiting device with only one compressor space and mentions vacuum, protective gas or an insulating liquid as the medium above the liquid level. to According to the publication SU 1 076 981 A, the connection channels of adjacent partition walls are arranged offset from one another to improve the boundary properties. According to document DE 26 52 506 A1, it is known to use gallium alloys, in particular GalnSn alloys, in contact devices. The known current limiting devices with
Flüssigmetall weisen zwar die erwünschte Eigenschaft der Selbsterholung auf, doch bei relativ langen Abschaltzeiten eines Schutzschalters, der mit einer Strombegrenzungseinrichtung in Reihe geschaltet ist, besteht die Gefahr häufigen Wiederzündens des Lichtbogens bzw. der Lichtbögen in der Strombe- grenzungseinrichtung. Dies führt zu einer erhöhten Materialbelastung und damit verkürzten Lebensdauer der Strombegrenzungseinrichtung. Eine Beeinflussung der Rekombinationszeit, das heißt der Zeit bis zur Wiederherstellung der durchgehenden metallisch leitenden Verbindung, ist mit den bekannten Strombegrenzungseinrichtungen nicht möglich.Liquid metal has the desired property of self-recovery, but with a relatively long switch-off time of a circuit breaker which is connected in series with a current limiting device, there is a risk of the arc or the arcs in the current limiting device frequently being re-ignited. This leads to an increased material load and thus a shorter service life of the current limiting device. It is not possible to influence the recombination time, that is to say the time until the continuous metallic conductive connection is restored, with the known current limiting devices.
Darstellung der ErfindungPresentation of the invention
Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, Mittel zur gezielten Beein- flussung der Rekombinationszeit anzugeben.The invention is therefore based on the object of specifying means for specifically influencing the recombination time.
Ausgehend von einer Strombegrenzungseinrichtung der eingangs genannten Art wird die Aufgabe erfindungsgemäß durch die kennzeichnenden Merkmale der unabhängigen Ansprüche gelöst, während den abhängigen Ansprüchen vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung zu entnehmen sind.Starting from a current limiting device of the type mentioned in the introduction, the object is achieved according to the invention by the characterizing features of the independent claims, while advantageous developments of the invention can be found in the dependent claims.
Durch die beidseitig schräg eingebrachten Verbindungskanäle läßt sich nach Bedarf die Rekombinationszeit einstellen, da sich nach der Strombegrenzung die Verbindungskanäle je nach Verlauf ihrer Schrägen mehr oder weniger verlangsamt bzw. beschleunigt mit Flüssigmetall wieder füllen. Die erfindungsgemäße Strombegrenzungseinrichtung kann demnach durch ihre Rekombinationszeit auf den entsprechenden Einsatzfall angepaßt werden. Zweckmäßigerweise werden die wechselnden Schrägen der Verbindungskanäle als im Inneren der Zwischenwände winklig ineinander übergehende gerade Teilkanäle ausgeführt. Zum Inneren der Zwischenwände beidseitig ansteigende Teilkanäle haben gegenüber durchgängig geradlinig verlaufenden Verbindungskanälen eine verlängerte Rekombinationszeit zur Folge, da nach einem Kurzschluß das Entweichen entstandener Dampf- bzw. Gasblasen erschwert und damit die Wiederbefüllung der Verbindungskanäle mit Flüssigmetall verlangsamt wird. Dagegen haben zum Inneren der Zwischenwände beidseitig abfallende Teilkanäle gegenüber durchgängig geradlinig verlaufen- den Verbindungskanälen eine verkürzte Rekombinationszeit zur Folge, da nach einem Kurzschluß das Entweichen entstandener Dampf- bzw. Gasblasen erleichtert und damit die Wiederbefüllung der Verbindungskanäle mit Flüssigmetall beschleunigt wird.The reconnection time can be set as required due to the connection channels being inclined on both sides, since after the current limitation the connection channels are more or less slowed down or accelerated with liquid metal depending on the course of their slopes. The current limiting device according to the invention can therefore be adapted to the corresponding application by its recombination time. The changing bevels of the connecting channels are expediently designed as straight partial channels which merge into one another at an angle in the interior of the intermediate walls. Partial channels rising on both sides towards the interior of the partition walls result in an extended recombination time compared to continuously straight connecting channels, since after a short circuit the escape of vapor or gas bubbles that are created is made more difficult and thus the refilling of the connecting channels with liquid metal is slowed down. On the other hand, partial channels that drop off on both sides of the interior of the partition walls have a shorter recombination time than connecting channels that run continuously in a straight line, since after a short circuit, the escape of steam or gas bubbles is facilitated and thus the refilling of the connecting channels with liquid metal is accelerated.
Derartige Zwischenwände lassen sich vorteilhaft durch Zusammensetzen zweier Teilwände mit jeweils geradlinig schräg eingebrachten Teilkanälen herstellen, wobei die umgekehrt geneigten Teilkanäle aneinanderstoßen und zu den erfindungswesentlichen Verbindungskanälen kombinieren. Gleich ausgebildete Teilwände, deren Wandstärke die halbe nominelle Wandstärke der aus diesen zusammengesetzten Zwischenwände beträgt, führen kostengünstig zu Gleichteilen für die Teilwände. Mit derartigen Teilwänden lassen sich, je nachdem mit welchen ihrer beiden Frontseiten sie aneinander liegen, Zwischenwände mit zum Inneren beidseitig aufsteigenden oder absteigenden Verbindungskanälen zusammensetzen.Partitions of this type can advantageously be produced by assembling two part walls, each with sub-channels inserted in a straight line at an angle, the part channels which are inclined in reverse butting against one another and combining to form the connecting channels essential to the invention. Part walls of the same design, the wall thickness of which is half the nominal wall thickness of the partition walls composed of these, cost-effectively lead to identical parts for the part walls. With such partial walls, depending on which of their two front sides they lie against one another, partition walls with connecting channels rising or falling to the inside on both sides can be assembled.
Eine vorteilhafte Weiterbildung der Zwischenwände oder Teilwände besteht darin, daß sie mit einem randseitigen Kragen ausgebildet sind, dessen Höhe der halben oder der gesamten Breite der inneren Verdichterräume entspricht. Damit werden ohne das Erfordernis besonderer Dichtscheiben durch jeweils zwei gegenüberliegende Zwischenwände bzw. Teilwände ein innerer Verdichterraum bzw. durch jeweils eine Elektrode und eine dieser gegenüberliegenden Zwischen- bzw. Teilwand ein äußerer Verdichterraum begrenzt. Wenn in den Zwischenwänden Druckausgleichskanäle oberhalb des Flüssigkeitsspiegels vorgesehen sind, empfiehlt es sich, Druckausgleichskanäle benachbarter Zwischenwände gegenseitig, insbesondere stark zu versetzen. Damit wird im Kurzschlußfall das Zünden ungewollter Lichtbögen über diese Kanäle vermieden und die Rekombinationszeit verlängert.An advantageous further development of the partition walls or part walls consists in that they are formed with an edge-side collar, the height of which corresponds to half or the entire width of the inner compression spaces. Thus, without the need for special sealing washers, an inner compressor space is delimited by two opposite intermediate walls or partial walls, or an outer compressor space is delimited by an electrode and an intermediate or partial wall opposite this. If pressure equalization channels are provided in the intermediate walls above the liquid level, it is advisable to offset pressure equalization channels of adjacent intermediate walls, particularly strongly. In the event of a short circuit, this prevents the ignition of undesired arcs via these channels and extends the recombination time.
Mit Vorteil ist als Flüssigmetall eine Gallium-Legierung zu verwenden. Insbesondere GalnSn-Legierungen sind einfach zu handhaben durch ihre physiologische Unbedenklichkeit. Eine Legierung aus 660 Gewichtsanteilen Gallium, 205 Gewichtsanteilen Indium und 135 Gewichtsanteilen Zinn ist beiIt is advantageous to use a gallium alloy as the liquid metal. GalnSn alloys in particular are easy to handle due to their physiological harmlessness. An alloy of 660 parts by weight gallium, 205 parts by weight indium and 135 parts by weight tin is included
Normaldruck von 10°C bis 2000°C flüssig und besitzt eine ausreichende elektrische Leitfähigkeit.Normal pressure from 10 ° C to 2000 ° C liquid and has sufficient electrical conductivity.
Kurze Beschreibung der ZeichnungenBrief description of the drawings
Weitere Einzelheiten der Erfindung ergeben sich aus dem folgenden, anhand von Figuren erläuterten Ausführungsbeispiel. Es zeigenFurther details of the invention result from the following exemplary embodiment explained with reference to figures. Show it
Figur 1 : im Längsschnitt eine erste Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen selbsterholende Strombegrenzungseinrichtung; Figur 2: im Längsschnitt eine zweite Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen selbsterholende Strombegrenzungseinrichtung.Figure 1: in longitudinal section a first embodiment of the self-recovering current limiting device according to the invention; Figure 2: in longitudinal section a second embodiment of the self-recovering current limiting device according to the invention.
Bester Weg zur Ausführung der ErfindungBest way to carry out the invention
Die Strombegrenzungseinrichtung 10 nach Fig. 1 enthält zu beiden Seiten je eine Elektrode 1 aus Festmetall, vorzugsweise Kupfer, die rotationssymme- frisch ausgebildet ist und in einen äußeren Anschlußleiter 2 übergeht. Zwischen den Elektroden 1 befinden sich mehrere Verdichterräume 4, die durch eine entsprechende Anzahl von isolierenden Zwischenwänden 12 mit beidseitig am Rande kreisringförmig ausgebildeten Kragen 13 gebildet werden. Die beiden äußeren Verdichterräume 4 werden seitlich jeweils durch eine der Elektroden 1 sowie durch eine Zwischenwand 12 begrenzt. Die inneren Verdichterräume 4 werden seitlich jeweils durch zwei Zwischenwände 12 begrenzt. Durch einen Isolierkörper in Form eines Formgehäuse 5, das aus zwei gleichen schalenförmigen Gehäuseteilen 51 besteht, werden die Elektroden 1 und die Zwischenwände 12 kraftschlüssig gehalten. Es sind bekannte, jedoch aus Gründen der Übersichtlichkeit nicht dargestellte Mittel zum kraftschlüssigen Verbinden der beiden Gehäuseteile 51 vorgesehen, beispielsweise durchgehende Spannschrauben entlang der beiden Linien 3. Dichtringe 6, die in gegenüberstehenden stirnseitigen Nuten der Kragen 13 bzw. Elektroden 1 eingelegt sind, dienen zum Abdichten der Verdichterräume 4. Die Gehäusehälften 51 sind druckfeste Isolierkörper. Alle Verdichterräume 4 sind teilweise mit einem Flüssigmetall 7 ausgefüllt, beispielsweise einer GalnSn-Legierung. Die Zwischenwände 12 sind unterhalb des Flüssigkeitsspiegels 9 mit Verbin- dungskanälen 17 mit V-förmigem Längsprofil versehen. Die Verbindungskanäle 17 sind im Nennbetrieb ebenfalls mit Flüssigmetall 7 gefüllt, so daß zwischen den Elektroden 1 eine durchgehende elektrisch leitende Verbindung besteht. Die Verbindungskanäle 17 benachbarter Zwischenwände 12 können vorteilhaft jeweils um einen bestimmten Winkelbetrag versetzt sein, um im Strombegrenzungsfall einen durchgehenden Lichtbogen zu erschweren. Die Verbindungskanäle 17 setzen sich aus zwei winklig ineinander übergehenden und geradlinig verlaufenden Teilkanälen 18, 19 zusammen. Die Teilkanäle 18 und 19 verlaufen von den Außenwänden zum Inneren der Zwischenwände 12 schräg nach unten, daß heißt vom Flüssigkeitsspiegel 9 weg gerichtet. Durch diese Ausbildung der Verbindungskanäle 17 wird gegenüber den bekannten Strombegrenzungseinrichtungen mit geradlinig verlaufenden Verbindungskanälen eine verkürzte Rekombinationszeit erreicht, da nach einem äußeren Kurzschluß das Entweichen entstandener Dampf- bzw. Gasblasen aus den Verbindungskanäle 17 erleichtert und damit das Wiederbefüllen der Verbin- dungskanäle mit dem Flüssigmetall 7 beschleunigt wird.The current limiting device 10 according to FIG. 1 contains an electrode 1 made of solid metal, preferably copper, on both sides, which is rotationally symmetrical and merges into an outer connecting conductor 2. Between the electrodes 1 there are a number of compression spaces 4 which are formed by a corresponding number of insulating partition walls 12 with collars 13 which are circular in shape on both sides at the edge. The the two outer compressor chambers 4 are laterally delimited by one of the electrodes 1 and by an intermediate wall 12. The inner compression spaces 4 are laterally delimited by two intermediate walls 12. The electrodes 1 and the intermediate walls 12 are held non-positively by an insulating body in the form of a molded housing 5, which consists of two identical shell-shaped housing parts 51. Known means, which are not shown for reasons of clarity, are provided for the non-positive connection of the two housing parts 51, for example continuous clamping screws along the two lines 3 Sealing the compressor rooms 4. The housing halves 51 are pressure-resistant insulating bodies. All the compressor rooms 4 are partially filled with a liquid metal 7, for example a GalnSn alloy. The intermediate walls 12 are provided below the liquid level 9 with connecting channels 17 with a V-shaped longitudinal profile. The connection channels 17 are also filled with liquid metal 7 in nominal operation, so that there is a continuous electrically conductive connection between the electrodes 1. The connecting channels 17 of adjacent partitions 12 can advantageously be offset by a certain angular amount in order to make a continuous arc difficult in the event of a current limitation. The connecting channels 17 are composed of two subchannels 18, 19 which merge at right angles and run in a straight line. The subchannels 18 and 19 run from the outer walls to the inside of the intermediate walls 12 obliquely downwards, that is, directed away from the liquid level 9. This configuration of the connecting channels 17 results in a shorter recombination time than the known current limiting devices with rectilinear connecting channels, since after an external short circuit, the escape of steam or gas bubbles from the connecting channels 17 is facilitated and thus the refilling of the connecting channels with the liquid metal 7 is accelerated.
Die Strombegrenzungseinrichtung 20 nach Fig. 2 unterscheidet sich von der vorstehend beschriebenen im wesentlichen durch die Ausbildung ihrer Zwi- schenwände 22, 23 und durch als ringförmige Dichtscheiben 21 ausgebildete weitere Isolierkörper zwischen den Zwischenwänden 22, 23 bzw. zwischen den äußeren Zwischenwänden 22 und den benachbarten Elektroden 1. Die Zwischenwände 22, 23 sind jeweils aus zwei gleichen Teilwänden 24 und 25 zusammengesetzt, die mit einem schräg verlaufenden Teilkanal 28 bzw. 29 versehen sind. Je nachdem mit welcher ihrer beiden Frontseiten zwei Teilwände 24 und 25 dicht aneinander liegen, werden Verbindungskanäle 26 oder 27 gebildet, die unterschiedliche Neigungsrichtungen von außen nach innen aufweisen. Im Beispiel sind durch die Teilwände 24 und 25 die beiden äuße- ren Zwischenwände 22 so zusammengesetzt, daß sich die durch die Teilkanäle 28 und 29 gebildeten V-förmigen Verbindungskanäle 26 beidseitig zum Flüssigkeitsspiegel 9 des Flüssigmetalls 7 schräg hin öffnen, wogegen die inneren Zwischenwände 23 so zusammengesetzt sind, daß sich die durch die Teilkanäle 28 und 29 gebildeten umgekehrt V-förmigen Verbindungskanäle 27 beidseitig vom Flüssigkeitsspiegel 9 schräg weg öffnen. Die äußeren Verbindungskanäle 26 weisen eine verkürzte und die inneren Verbindungskanäle 27 eine verlängerte Rekombinationszeit nach einem Kurzschluß auf.The current limiting device 20 according to FIG. 2 differs from the one described above essentially in the design of its intermediate the partition walls 22, 23 and by further insulating bodies formed as annular sealing disks 21 between the partition walls 22, 23 or between the outer partition walls 22 and the adjacent electrodes 1. The partition walls 22, 23 are each composed of two identical part walls 24 and 25, which with an inclined partial channel 28 and 29 are provided. Depending on which of its two front sides two partial walls 24 and 25 lie close together, connecting channels 26 or 27 are formed which have different directions of inclination from the outside inwards. In the example, the two outer partition walls 22 are composed by the partial walls 24 and 25 such that the V-shaped connecting channels 26 formed by the partial channels 28 and 29 open obliquely on both sides to the liquid level 9 of the liquid metal 7, whereas the inner intermediate walls 23 are composed such that the inverted V-shaped connecting channels 27 formed by the partial channels 28 and 29 open obliquely on both sides away from the liquid level 9. The outer connection channels 26 have a shortened and the inner connection channels 27 have an extended recombination time after a short circuit.
Die vorliegende Erfindung ist nicht auf die vorstehend beschriebenen Ausfüh- rungsformen beschränkt. So lassen sich beispielsweise in entsprechender Abwandlung der Strombegrenzungseinrichtung 20 nach Fig. 2 durch geeignete Wahl der paarweisen Zusammensetzung der Teilwände 24 und 25 Strombegrenzungseinrichtungen herstellen, die an unterschiedliche Strombegrenzungsbedingungen weitgehend angepaßt sind. Weiterhin können zur weiteren Differenzierung des Strombegrenzungsverhaltens durchaus einige der Zwischenwände mit geradlinig verlaufenden Verbindungskanälen ausgestattet sein. The present invention is not restricted to the embodiments described above. For example, in a corresponding modification of the current limiting device 20 according to FIG. 2, suitable selection of the paired composition of the partial walls 24 and 25 allows current limiting devices to be produced which are largely adapted to different current limiting conditions. Furthermore, to further differentiate the current limiting behavior, some of the partition walls can be equipped with straight connecting channels.

Claims

A n s p r ü c h e Expectations
1. 1 Selbsterholende Strombegrenzungseinrichtung mit Flüssigmetall, enthal- tend Elektroden (1 ) aus Festmetall zum Anschließen an einen zu schützenden Stromkreis und mehrere mit Flüssigmetall (7) teilweise aufgefüllte, zwischen den Elektroden (1 ) hintereinander liegende Verdichterräume (4), die durch druckfeste Isolierkörper (5; 21 ) und durch diese gehaltene isolierende Zwischenwände (12; 22; 23) mit Verbindungskanälen (17; 26; 27) für das Flüssigmetall (7) gebildet werden, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß wenigstens eine Teilmenge der Verbindungskanäle (17; 26; 27) ein im wesentlichen V-förmiges bzw. umgekehrt V-förmiges Längsprofil aufweist.1. 1 self-recovering current limiting device with liquid metal, containing electrodes (1) made of solid metal for connection to a circuit to be protected and several compressor rooms (4), which are partially filled with liquid metal (7) and are located one behind the other between the electrodes (1) and which are protected by pressure-resistant Insulating bodies (5; 21) and insulating partition walls (12; 22; 23) with connecting channels (17; 26; 27) for the liquid metal (7) are formed thereby, characterized in that at least a partial amount of the connecting channels (17; 26 ; 27) has a substantially V-shaped or vice versa V-shaped longitudinal profile.
2. Selbsterholende Strombegrenzungseinrichtung nach Anspruch 1 , da- durch gekennzeichnet, daß die Teilmenge der Verbindungskanäle (17;2. Self-recovering current limiting device according to claim 1, characterized in that the subset of the connecting channels (17;
26; 27) zwei winklig ineinander übergehende gerade Teilkanäle (18, 19; 28, 29) aufweist.26; 27) has two straight partial channels (18, 19; 28, 29) which merge into one another at an angle.
3. Selbsterholende Strombegrenzungseinrichtung nach Anspruch 2, da- durch gekennzeichnet, daß die Teilkanäle (28, 29) in Richtung zum Inneren der Zwischenwände (23) und zum Flüssigkeitsspiegel (9) hin gerichtet verlaufen.3. Self-recovering current limiting device according to claim 2, characterized in that the sub-channels (28, 29) run towards the interior of the intermediate walls (23) and towards the liquid level (9).
4. Selbsterholende Strombegrenzungseinrichtung nach Anspruch 2, da- durch gekennzeichnet, daß die Teilkanäle (18, 19; 28, 29) in Richtung zum Inneren der Zwischenwände (12; 22) und vom Flüssigkeitsspiegel (9) weg gerichtet verlaufen.4. Self-recovering current limiting device according to claim 2, characterized in that the sub-channels (18, 19; 28, 29) run towards the interior of the intermediate walls (12; 22) and away from the liquid level (9).
5. Selbsterholende Strombegrenzungseinrichtung nach Anspruch 3 oder 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Zwischenwände (22; 23) in zwei sich überdeckende Teilwände (24, 25) geteilt sind, die mit den schräg eingebrachten geraden Teilkanälen (28, 29) versehen sind. 5. Self-recovering current limiting device according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the intermediate walls (22; 23) are divided into two overlapping partial walls (24, 25) which are provided with the obliquely introduced straight partial channels (28, 29).
6. Selbsterholende Strombegrenzungseinrichtung nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Teilwände (24, 25) gleich ausgebildet sind und sich wahlweise über die jeweils eine oder die jeweils andere ihrer beiden Frontseiten einander dicht berühren.6. Self-recovering current limiting device according to claim 5, characterized in that the part walls (24, 25) are of the same design and optionally touch each other tightly over the one or the other of their two front sides.
7. Selbsterholende Strombegrenzungseinrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Zwischenwände (12) zu beiden Seiten randseitig mit Kragen (13) versehen sind, deren Höhe gleich der halben Breite der inneren Verdichterräume (4) ist, und daß die Stirn- flächen der Kragen (13) gegenüberstehender Zwischenwände (12) einander dicht berühren.7. Self-recovering current limiting device according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the intermediate walls (12) are provided on both sides with edges (13) with a collar, the height of which is equal to half the width of the inner compressor spaces (4), and that Touch the end faces of the collars (13) of opposing partition walls (12) closely.
8. Selbsterholende Strombegrenzungseinrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Zwischenwände auf einer Seite randseitig mit Kragen versehen sind, deren Höhe gleich der Breite der inneren Verdichterräume ist, und daß sich die Stirnflächen der Kragen der gegenüberstehenden Zwischenwände dicht berühren.8. Self-recovering current limiting device according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the intermediate walls are provided on one side with collars, the height of which is equal to the width of the inner compression spaces, and that the end faces of the collars of the opposite intermediate walls are in close contact.
9. Selbsterholende Strombegrenzungseinrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in den Zwischenwänden oberhalb des Flüssigkeitsspiegels gegeneinander versetzte, durchgehende Druckausgleichskanäle vorgesehen sind.9. Self-recovering current limiting device according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that continuous pressure compensation channels are provided in the intermediate walls above the liquid level.
10. Selbsterholende Strombegrenzungseinrichtung nach einem der vorste- henden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Flüssigmetall (7) eine GalnSn-Legierung ist. 10. Self-recovering current limiting device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the liquid metal (7) is a GalnSn alloy.
EP00905038A 1999-02-10 2000-02-08 Self-regenerating current limiting device with liquid metal Expired - Lifetime EP1153406B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE1999105372 DE19905372C1 (en) 1999-02-10 1999-02-10 Self-recovering current limiting device with liquid metal
DE19905372 1999-02-10
PCT/EP2000/001005 WO2000048216A1 (en) 1999-02-10 2000-02-08 Self-regenerating current limiting device with liquid metal

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EP1153406A1 true EP1153406A1 (en) 2001-11-14
EP1153406B1 EP1153406B1 (en) 2003-04-16

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DE (1) DE19905372C1 (en)
WO (1) WO2000048216A1 (en)

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CH308101A (en) * 1952-08-19 1955-06-30 Fkg Ag Arc-proof insulating body.
FR1339243A (en) * 1961-12-27 1963-10-04 Merlin Gerin Improvements to electrical switches with liquid resistance
DE1513333A1 (en) * 1965-11-30 1969-10-16 Licentia Gmbh Current-limiting fuse
DE1788143B1 (en) * 1967-04-19 1972-12-21 Gen Electric Current limiting device
NL7509962A (en) * 1975-08-22 1977-02-24 Hazemeijer Bv Electrical current limiting device - has cylindrical housing in two parts with central insulator and internal filling of conductive liquid metal
DE2652506A1 (en) * 1976-11-18 1978-05-24 Gec Elliott Automation Ltd Heavy current switchgear with several moving contacts - has at least one solid contact wetted on surface with liq. gallium or its alloy
SU922911A1 (en) * 1980-05-05 1982-04-23 Kb Polt Inst Kujbysheva Current limiter
SU1076981A1 (en) * 1982-07-29 1984-02-29 Куйбышевский ордена Трудового Красного Знамени политехнический институт им.В.В.Куйбышева Current-limiting circuit breaker
DD282778A5 (en) * 1989-04-26 1990-09-19 Karl Marx Stadt Tech Hochschul POWER-CONTROLLED SHUT-OFF DEVICE

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WO2000048216A1 (en) 2000-08-17
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