EP1166309B1 - Self-recovering current-limiting device with liquid metal - Google Patents
Self-recovering current-limiting device with liquid metal Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1166309B1 EP1166309B1 EP00926775A EP00926775A EP1166309B1 EP 1166309 B1 EP1166309 B1 EP 1166309B1 EP 00926775 A EP00926775 A EP 00926775A EP 00926775 A EP00926775 A EP 00926775A EP 1166309 B1 EP1166309 B1 EP 1166309B1
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- Prior art keywords
- limiting device
- current
- liquid metal
- electrodes
- material layer
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H87/00—Protective devices in which a current flowing through a liquid or solid is interrupted by the evaporation of the liquid or by the melting and evaporation of the solid when the current becomes excessive, the circuit continuity being reestablished on cooling
Definitions
- the invention relates to a self-recovering current limiting device with Liquid metal containing electrodes of solid metal for connection to a circuit to be protected and several partially filled with liquid metal, between the electrodes one behind the other compression spaces through flameproof insulating body and held by this insulating partition walls be formed with connecting channels.
- the inner electrode surfaces come into contact with the resulting arcing, resulting primarily to burn-offs in the opposite of the connecting channels parts the electrode surfaces and secondarily to the contamination of the liquid metal and thus ultimately to an unsatisfactory life of Current limiting device leads.
- the current limiting behavior still in need of improvement.
- the invention is therefore based on the object life and current limiting behavior to improve.
- the electrodes locally protecting non-conductive ceramic discs does not burn any arcing occurring during external short circuits the electrodes, but due to the relatively large distance to the conductive Regions of the inner surfaces of the electrodes substantially only still in liquid metal. This will erode the electrode material significantly reduced by burning and thus a longer service life, too reached after relatively numerous short circuits. Furthermore, by the enlarged Distance from a connection channel to the achievable conductive Surface of an electrode increases the arc voltage of the arc. This causes an improved current limiting behavior of the current limiting device and also leads to a lower load on the current limiting device and the circuit to be protected. In rated operation the current in the liquid metal is forced through the nonconductive ceramic discs, to flow around them. The current distribution in the electrodes is thus homogenized to a considerable extent, causing locally heated Avoid areas in the electrodes. This in turn affects improved on their material stability.
- An advantageous development of the invention is the inner surfaces the electrodes with a diffusion-resistant to the liquid metal to provide conductive material layer. This will additionally the Diffusion and corrosion of wetted by the liquid metal inner surfaces of the Electrodes encountered effectively, resulting in a significant increase in the Surface resistance of the electrodes and thus the stability and service life the current limiting device leads.
- the material layer of one of the proposed transition metals or their alloys the material layer being suitably For example, glued or soldered, or inserted as a flush Platelets or as galvanized, vapor deposited or by friction welding applied metal layer can be performed.
- the conductive material layer can be below a non-conductive ceramic disc either completely or partially continued, but also be omitted.
- GaInSn alloys are easy to handle due to their physiological properties Safety.
- An alloy of 660 parts by weight gallium, 205 parts by weight of indium and 135 parts by weight of tin is at atmospheric pressure from 10 ° C to 2000 ° C liquid and has a sufficient electrical Conductivity.
- the current limiting device 10 of FIG. 1 contains on both sides an electrode 1 of solid metal, preferably copper, in an outer Connecting conductor 2 passes. Between the electrodes 1 are several Compressor spaces 4, by an appropriate number of insulating Partitions 8 with annular sides on both sides at the edge Collar 81 are formed.
- the two outer compressor rooms 4 are laterally through one of the electrodes 1 and through an intermediate wall 8 limited.
- the inner compressor chambers 4 are laterally each by two Partitions 8 limited.
- the intermediate walls 8 consist of a temperature and erosion resistant material.
- the housing halves 51 are flameproof insulating body. All Compressor spaces 4 are partially filled with a liquid metal 7, for example a GalnSn alloy.
- the intermediate walls 8 are below the Liquid level 9 provided with connecting channels 82.
- the connection channels 82 are also filled in nominal operation with liquid metal 7, so that between the electrodes 1 a continuous electrically conductive connection consists.
- the connection channels 82 of adjacent partitions 8 are advantageously offset from each other to a continuous in the current limiting case To complicate the arc. Located above the liquid metal 7 For example, vacuum; but also a protective gas would be possible.
- each electrode 1 In the interior of the current limiting device 10 facing surface 11 of each electrode 1 is a respective platelet-shaped conductive material layer 13 inserted, which thus a part of the liquid metal 7 partially wetted inner surface 11 of the respective electrode 1 forms.
- the material layers 13 are flush in a designated uniformly shallow depression of the Electrodes 1, for example by brazing inserted.
- the material layers 13 consist in the example of a high-alloy chromium-nickel steel, which the inner surfaces of the electrodes 1 a high diffusion and corrosion resistance is imparted to the liquid metal 7.
- the material layers 13 themselves are opposite the connecting channels 82 of the outer, i.e. the electrodes 1 adjacent, partitions 8 non-conductive ceramic discs 12, for example, from Bomitrid, glued.
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine selbsterholende Strombegrenzungseinrichtung mit Flüssigmetall, enthaltend Elektroden aus Festmetall zum Anschließen an einen zu schützenden Stromkreis und mehrere mit Flüssigmetall teilweise aufgefüllte, zwischen den Elektroden hintereinander liegende Verdichterräume, die durch druckfeste Isolierkörper und durch diese gehaltene isolierende Zwischenwände mit Verbindungskanälen gebildet werden.The invention relates to a self-recovering current limiting device with Liquid metal containing electrodes of solid metal for connection to a circuit to be protected and several partially filled with liquid metal, between the electrodes one behind the other compression spaces through flameproof insulating body and held by this insulating partition walls be formed with connecting channels.
Aus der Druckschrift SU 922 911 A ist eine selbsterholende Strombegrenzungseinrichtung bekannt, die Elektroden aus Festmetall enthält, die durch als druckfestes Isoliergehäuse ausgebildete erste Isolierkörper getrennt sind. Innerhalb des Isoliergehäuses sind durch isolierende Zwischenwände und dazwischen angeordnete zweite isolierkörper, die als ringförmige Dichtscheiben ausgeführt sind, mit Flüssigmetall teilweise aufgefüllte, hintereinander liegende Verdichterräume ausgebildet, die untereinander über mit Flüssigmetall ausgefüllte, außermittig angeordnete Verbindungskanäle der Zwischenwände verbunden sind. Damit besteht im Normalbetrieb über das Flüssigmetall eine durchgehende innere leitende Verbindung zwischen den Elektroden. Im Strombegrenzungsfall wird infolge der hohen Stromdichte das Flüssigmetall aus den Verbindungskanälen verdrängt. Damit ist die elektrische Verbindung der Elektroden über das Flüssigmetall unterbrochen, was zur Begrenzung des Kurzschlußstromes führt. Nach Abschaltung oder Beseitigung des Kurzschlusses füllen sich die Verbindungskanäle wieder mit Flüssigmetall, worauf die Strombegrenzungseinrichtung erneut betriebsbereit ist. In der Druckschrift DE 40 12 385 A1 wird eine Strombegrenzungseinrichtung mit nur einem Verdichterraum beschrieben und als Medium über dem Flüssigkeitsspiegel Vakuum, Schutzgas oder eine isolierende Flüssigkeit erwähnt. Zur Verbesserung der Begrenzungseigenschaften sind nach Druckschrift SU 1 076 981 A die Verbindungskanäle benachbarter Zwischenwände gegeneinander versetzt angeordnet. In Druckschrift SU 1 094 088 A ist als gut leitendes Material für die Elektroden Kupfer angegeben. Es ist nach Druckschrift DE 26 52 506 A1 bekannt, bei Kontakteinrichtungen Gallium-Legierungen, insbesondere GaInSn-Legierungen zu verwenden.From the document SU 922 911 A is a self-recovering current limiting device known containing electrodes of solid metal, which as by pressure-resistant insulating housing formed first insulating body are separated. Within of the insulating housing are by insulating intermediate walls and in between arranged second insulating body, as annular sealing discs are executed, with liquid metal partially filled, one behind the other Compressor spaces formed with each other over with liquid metal filled, eccentrically arranged connecting channels of the intermediate walls are connected. Thus there is a liquid metal in normal operation continuous internal conductive connection between the electrodes. in the Current limiting case becomes the liquid metal due to the high current density displaced from the connecting channels. This is the electrical connection of the electrodes interrupted by the liquid metal, which limits the Short-circuit current leads. After switching off or elimination of the short circuit fill the connecting channels again with liquid metal, whereupon the Current limiting device is ready for operation again. In the document DE 40 12 385 A1 is a current limiting device with only one compressor room described and as a medium above the liquid level vacuum, Shielding gas or an insulating liquid mentioned. To improve the Limiting properties are according to publication SU 1 076 981 A the connection channels adjacent partition walls offset from each other. In publication SU 1 094 088 A is as a good conductive material for the Electrodes copper specified. It is known from document DE 26 52 506 A1, in contact devices gallium alloys, in particular GaInSn alloys to use.
In den Begrenzungsfällen gelangen die inneren Elektrodenoberflächen in Berührung mit den entstehenden Lichtbögen, was in erster Linie zu Abbranderscheinungen in den gegenüber den Verbindungskanälen befindlichen Teilen der Elektrodenoberflächen sowie in zweiter Linie zur Verunreinigung des Flüssigmetalls und damit letztendlich zu einer unbefriedigenden Lebensdauer der Strombegrenzungseinrichtung führt. Außerdem ist das Strombegrenzungsverhalten noch verbesserungswürdig.In the limiting cases, the inner electrode surfaces come into contact with the resulting arcing, resulting primarily to burn-offs in the opposite of the connecting channels parts the electrode surfaces and secondarily to the contamination of the liquid metal and thus ultimately to an unsatisfactory life of Current limiting device leads. In addition, the current limiting behavior still in need of improvement.
Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, Lebensdauer und Strombegrenzungsverhalten zu verbessern.The invention is therefore based on the object life and current limiting behavior to improve.
Ausgehend von einer Strombegrenzungseinrichtung der eingangs genannten Art wird die Aufgabe erfindungsgemäß durch die kennzeichnenden Merkmale der unabhängigen Ansprüche gelöst, während den abhängigen Ansprüchen vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung zu entnehmen sind.Starting from a current limiting device of the aforementioned Art is the object of the invention by the characterizing features of the independent claims, while the dependent claims advantageous developments of the invention can be seen.
Durch die die Elektroden lokal schützenden nichtleitenden Keramikscheiben brennt ein bei äußeren Kurzschlüssen auftretender Lichtbogen nicht mehr auf den Elektroden, sondern aufgrund der relativ großen Entfernung zu den leitfähigen Gebieten der inneren Oberflächen der Elektroden im wesentlichen nur noch im Flüssigmetall. Dadurch wird die Erosion des Elektrodenmaterials durch Abbrand erheblich reduziert und somit eine höhere Lebensdauer auch nach relativ zahlreichen Kurzschlüssen erreicht. Weiterhin wird durch den vergrößerten Abstand von einem Verbindungskanal zu der erreichbaren leitenden Oberfläche einer Elektrode die Brennspannung des Lichtbogens erhöht. Dies bewirkt ein verbessertes Strombegrenzungsverhalten der Strombegrenzungseinrichtung und führt außerdem zu einer geringeren Belastung der Strombegrenzungseinrichtung und des zu schützenden Stromkreises. Im Nennbetrieb wird der Strom im Flüssigmetall durch die nichtleitenden Keramikscheiben gezwungen, um diese herum zu fließen. Die Stromverteilung in den Elektroden wird dadurch in einem erheblichen Maße homogenisiert, wodurch lokal aufgeheizte Gebiete in den Elektroden vermieden werden. Dies wirkt sich wiederum verbessemd auf deren Materialstabilität aus.By the electrodes locally protecting non-conductive ceramic discs does not burn any arcing occurring during external short circuits the electrodes, but due to the relatively large distance to the conductive Regions of the inner surfaces of the electrodes substantially only still in liquid metal. This will erode the electrode material significantly reduced by burning and thus a longer service life, too reached after relatively numerous short circuits. Furthermore, by the enlarged Distance from a connection channel to the achievable conductive Surface of an electrode increases the arc voltage of the arc. This causes an improved current limiting behavior of the current limiting device and also leads to a lower load on the current limiting device and the circuit to be protected. In rated operation the current in the liquid metal is forced through the nonconductive ceramic discs, to flow around them. The current distribution in the electrodes is thus homogenized to a considerable extent, causing locally heated Avoid areas in the electrodes. This in turn affects improved on their material stability.
Vorteilhaft sind Keramikscheiben auf der Basis von Bomitrid, Siliziumcarbid, Siliziumnitrid oder Aluminiumoxid, wobei sie in zweckmäßiger Weise auf die inneren Oberflächen geklebt, gelötet oder in einer geeigneten Weise eingefügt sein können.Advantageous ceramic discs based on boron nitride, silicon carbide, Silicon nitride or alumina, suitably applied to the glued, soldered or inserted in a suitable manner could be.
Eine vorteilhafte Weiterbildung der Erfindung besteht darin, die inneren Oberflächen der Elektroden mit einer gegenüber dem Flüssigmetall diffusionsbeständigen leitenden Materialschicht zu versehen. Damit wird zusätzlich der Diffusion und Korrosion der vom Flüssigmetall benetzten Innenflächen der Elektroden wirksam begegnet, was zu einer erheblichen Vergrößerung der Oberflächenbeständigkeit der Elektroden und damit der Stabilität und Lebensdauer der Strombegrenzungseinrichtung führt. Zweckmäßigerweise besteht die Materialschicht aus einer der vorgeschlagenen Übergangsmetalle oder deren Legierungen, wobei die Materialschicht zweckmäßig als aufgefügtes, beispielsweise aufgeklebtes oder aufgelötetes, oder als bündig eingefügtes Plättchen oder als aufgalvanisierte, aufgedampfte oder durch Reibschweißen aufgebrachte Metallschicht ausgeführt werden kann. Die leitende Materialschicht kann unterhalb einer nichtleitenden Keramikscheibe entweder ganz oder teilweise weitergeführt, aber auch ausgespart sein.An advantageous development of the invention is the inner surfaces the electrodes with a diffusion-resistant to the liquid metal to provide conductive material layer. This will additionally the Diffusion and corrosion of wetted by the liquid metal inner surfaces of the Electrodes encountered effectively, resulting in a significant increase in the Surface resistance of the electrodes and thus the stability and service life the current limiting device leads. Appropriately exists the material layer of one of the proposed transition metals or their alloys, the material layer being suitably For example, glued or soldered, or inserted as a flush Platelets or as galvanized, vapor deposited or by friction welding applied metal layer can be performed. The conductive material layer can be below a non-conductive ceramic disc either completely or partially continued, but also be omitted.
Mit Vorteil ist als Flüssigmetall eine Gallium-Legierung zu verwenden. Insbesondere GaInSn-Legierungen sind einfach zu handhaben durch ihre physiologische Unbedenklichkeit. Eine Legierung aus 660 Gewichtsanteilen Gallium, 205 Gewichtsanteilen Indium und 135 Gewichtsanteilen Zinn ist bei Normaldruck von 10°C bis 2000°C flüssig und besitzt eine ausreichende elektrische Leitfähigkeit.It is advantageous to use a gallium alloy as liquid metal. In particular GaInSn alloys are easy to handle due to their physiological properties Safety. An alloy of 660 parts by weight gallium, 205 parts by weight of indium and 135 parts by weight of tin is at atmospheric pressure from 10 ° C to 2000 ° C liquid and has a sufficient electrical Conductivity.
Weitere Einzelheiten der Erfindung werden in dem nachfolgend beschriebenen Ausführungsbeispiel erläutert, wobei die Strombegrenzungseinrichtung in der einzigen Figur 1 im Längsschnitt dargestellt ist.Further details of the invention will be described in the following Embodiment explained, wherein the current limiting device in the single FIGURE 1 is shown in longitudinal section.
Die Strombegrenzungseinrichtung 10 nach Fig. 1 enthält zu beiden Seiten je
eine Elektrode 1 aus Festmetall, vorzugsweise Kupfer, die in einen äußeren
Anschlußleiter 2 übergeht. Zwischen den Elektroden 1 befinden sich mehrere
Verdichterräume 4, die durch eine entsprechende Anzahl von isolierenden
Zwischenwänden 8 mit beidseitig am Rande kreisringförmig ausgebildeten
Kragen 81 gebildet werden. Die beiden äußeren Verdichterräume 4 werden
seitlich jeweils durch eine der Elektroden 1 sowie durch eine Zwischenwand 8
begrenzt. Die inneren Verdichterräume 4 werden seitlich jeweils durch zwei
Zwischenwände 8 begrenzt. Die Zwischenwände 8 bestehen aus einem temperatur-
und abbrandfesten Material. Durch einen Isolierkörper in Form eines
Formgehäuse 5, das aus zwei gleichen schalenförmigen Gehäuseteilen 51
besteht, werden die Elektroden 1 und die Zwischenwände 8 kraftschlüssig
gehalten. Es sind bekannte, jedoch aus Gründen der Übersichtlichkeit nicht
dargestellte Mittel zum kraftschlüssigen Verbinden der beiden Gehäuseteile
51 vorgesehen, beispielsweise durchgehende Spannschrauben entlang der
beiden Linien 3. Dichtringe 6, die in gegenüberstehenden stimseitigen Nuten
der Kragen 81 bzw. Elektroden 1 eingelegt sind, dienen zum Abdichten der
Verdichterräume 4. Die Gehäusehälften 51 sind druckfeste Isolierkörper. Alle
Verdichterräume 4 sind teilweise mit einem Flüssigmetall 7 ausgefüllt, beispielsweise
einer GalnSn-Legierung. Die Zwischenwände 8 sind unterhalb des
Flüssigkeitsspiegels 9 mit Verbindungskanälen 82 versehen. Die Verbindungskanäle
82 sind im Nennbetrieb ebenfalls mit Flüssigmetall 7 gefüllt, so
daß zwischen den Elektroden 1 eine durchgehende elektrisch leitende Verbindung
besteht. Die Verbindungskanäle 82 benachbarter Zwischenwände 8
sind vorteilhaft zueinander versetzt, um im Strombegrenzungsfall einen durchgehenden
Lichtbogen zu erschweren. Oberhalb des Flüssigmetalls 7 befindet
sich beispielsweise Vakuum; aber auch ein Schutzgas wäre möglich.The current
In die zum Inneren der Strombegrenzungseinrichtung 10 weisende Oberfläche
11 jeder Elektrode 1 ist jeweils eine plättchenförmige leitende Materialschicht
13 eingefügt, die damit einen Teil der vom Flüssigmetall 7 teilweise benetzten
inneren Oberfläche 11 der jeweiligen Elektrode 1 bildet. Die Materialschichten
13 sind bündig in eine dafür vorgesehene gleichförmig flache Vertiefung der
Elektroden 1, beispielsweise durch Hartlöten, eingefügt. Die Materialschichten
13 bestehen im Beispiel aus einem hochlegiertem Chrom-Nickel-Stahl, wodurch
den Innenflächen der Elektroden 1 eine hohe Diffusion- und Korrosionsbeständigkeit
gegenüber dem Flüssigmetall 7 verliehen wird. In die Materialschichten
13 selbst sind gegenüber den Verbindungskanälen 82 der äußeren,
d.h. der den Elektroden 1 benachbarten, Zwischenwände 8 nichtleitende Keramikscheiben
12, beispielsweise aus Bomitrid, eingeklebt. Im Kurzschlußfall
kann der entstehende Lichtbogen durch die Keramikscheiben 12 nicht mehr
auf kurzem Wege auf den Materialschichten 13 der Elektroden 1 gelangen,
sondern wird erzwungenermaßen verlängert. Dadurch wird der Abbrand der
inneren Oberflächen 11, insbesondere der Materialschichten 13, infolge des
Lichtbogens erheblich reduziert. Durch die kombinierte Ausstattung der Elektroden
1 mit den nichtleitenden Keramikschichten 12 und den leitenden Materialschichten
13 wird die Lebensdauer der Strombegrenzungseinrichtung 10 in
einem erheblichen Maße erhöht. Außerdem verbessert sich durch die Verlängerung
des Lichtbogens das Strombegrenzungsverhalten der Strombegrenzungseinrichtung
10.In the interior of the current limiting
Claims (12)
- Self-recovering current-limiting device with liquid metal, containing electrodes (1) of solid metal for connecting to a circuit to be protected and a plurality of compression chambers (4), which are partially filled with liquid metal (7) and arranged in series between the electrodes (1), which compression chambers are formed by pressure-resistant insulating bodies (5) and by insulating intermediate walls (8), which are held by the latter and have connecting channels (82), characterized in that on the inner surfaces (11) of the electrodes (1) non-conducting ceramic discs (12) are attached locally with respect to the connecting channels (82) of the neighbouring intermediate walls (8).
- Current-limiting device according to Claim 1, characterized in that the ceramic discs (12) consist of a material on the basis of boron nitride, silicon carbide, silicon nitride or aluminium oxide.
- Current-limiting device according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the ceramic discs (12) are adhesively attached onto the inner surfaces (11).
- Current-limiting device according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the ceramic discs (12) are soldered onto the inner surfaces (11).
- Current-limiting device according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the ceramic discs (12) are at least partially inserted into the inner surfaces (11).
- Current-limiting device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least part of the inner surfaces (11) of the electrodes (2) which can be wetted by the liquid metal (7) respectively comprise a conducting material layer (13) that is more resistant to the liquid metal (7).
- Current-limiting device according to Claim 6, characterized in that the material layer (13) consists of tungsten, molybdenum, vanadium, nickel, tantalum, titanium, rhenium, chromium or their alloys.
- Current-limiting device according to Claim 6, characterized in that the material layer (13) comprises high-alloy high-grade steel.
- Current-limiting device according to one of Claims 6 to 8, characterized by an attached platelet as the material layer (13).
- Current-limiting device according to one of Claims 6 to 8, characterized in that an at least partially inserted platelet forms the material layer (13).
- Current-limiting device according to one of Claims 6 to 10, characterized by an electro-deposited, vapour-deposited or friction-welded-on metal layer as the material layer (13).
- Current-limiting device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by a GaInSn alloy as the liquid metal (7).
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19916324A DE19916324A1 (en) | 1999-04-12 | 1999-04-12 | Self-recovering current limiting device with liquid metal |
| DE19916324 | 1999-04-12 | ||
| PCT/EP2000/002777 WO2000062321A1 (en) | 1999-04-12 | 2000-03-30 | Self-regenerating current limiter with liquid metal |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1166309A1 EP1166309A1 (en) | 2002-01-02 |
| EP1166309B1 true EP1166309B1 (en) | 2004-01-14 |
Family
ID=7904201
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP00926775A Expired - Lifetime EP1166309B1 (en) | 1999-04-12 | 2000-03-30 | Self-recovering current-limiting device with liquid metal |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6600405B1 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP1166309B1 (en) |
| DE (2) | DE19916324A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2000062321A1 (en) |
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| WO2009055763A2 (en) * | 2007-10-26 | 2009-04-30 | Kowalik Daniel P | Micro-fluidic bubble fuse |
| JP5050265B2 (en) * | 2007-11-09 | 2012-10-17 | 国立大学法人九州工業大学 | Self-healing current limiting fuse |
| US7726972B1 (en) * | 2009-07-17 | 2010-06-01 | Delphi Technologies, Inc. | Liquid metal rotary connector apparatus for a vehicle steering wheel and column |
| EP2390883A1 (en) * | 2010-05-26 | 2011-11-30 | Tsan-Chi Chen | Non-solid conductive surge absorber |
| US8953314B1 (en) * | 2010-08-09 | 2015-02-10 | Georgia Tech Research Corporation | Passive heat sink for dynamic thermal management of hot spots |
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| DD282778A5 (en) | 1989-04-26 | 1990-09-19 | Karl Marx Stadt Tech Hochschul | POWER-CONTROLLED SHUT-OFF DEVICE |
| US5581192A (en) * | 1994-12-06 | 1996-12-03 | Eaton Corporation | Conductive liquid compositions and electrical circuit protection devices comprising conductive liquid compositions |
| US5471185A (en) * | 1994-12-06 | 1995-11-28 | Eaton Corporation | Electrical circuit protection devices comprising conductive liquid compositions |
| US6007390A (en) * | 1998-06-30 | 1999-12-28 | General Motors Corporation | Low friction metal-ceramic composite coatings for electrical contacts |
-
1999
- 1999-04-12 DE DE19916324A patent/DE19916324A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2000
- 2000-03-30 WO PCT/EP2000/002777 patent/WO2000062321A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2000-03-30 US US09/958,544 patent/US6600405B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-03-30 EP EP00926775A patent/EP1166309B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-03-30 DE DE50005026T patent/DE50005026D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US6600405B1 (en) | 2003-07-29 |
| WO2000062321A1 (en) | 2000-10-19 |
| EP1166309A1 (en) | 2002-01-02 |
| DE19916324A1 (en) | 2000-10-19 |
| DE50005026D1 (en) | 2004-02-19 |
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