EP1157401B1 - Self-recovering current limiting device having liquid metal - Google Patents

Self-recovering current limiting device having liquid metal Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1157401B1
EP1157401B1 EP00910699A EP00910699A EP1157401B1 EP 1157401 B1 EP1157401 B1 EP 1157401B1 EP 00910699 A EP00910699 A EP 00910699A EP 00910699 A EP00910699 A EP 00910699A EP 1157401 B1 EP1157401 B1 EP 1157401B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
limiting device
self
half shells
electrodes
recovering current
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EP00910699A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1157401A1 (en
Inventor
Wolfgang Kremers
Frank Berger
Thomas Freyermuth
Andreas Krätzschmar
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Eaton Industries GmbH
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Moeller GmbH
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01HELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H87/00Protective devices in which a current flowing through a liquid or solid is interrupted by the evaporation of the liquid or by the melting and evaporation of the solid when the current becomes excessive, the circuit continuity being reestablished on cooling

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a self-recovering current limiting device Liquid metal, the electrodes made of solid metal for connection to an external one circuit to be protected and several circuits partially filled with liquid metal, compressor rooms located one behind the other between the electrodes contains, by means of pressure-resistant insulating bodies and insulators held by them Partitions with connecting channels are formed
  • the two electrodes made of solid metal contains the first insulating body designed as a pressure-resistant insulating housing are separated. Inside the insulating housing are through insulating partitions and interposed second insulating body, which as an annular Sealing washers, partially filled with liquid metal, Compressor rooms located one behind the other, which one above the other connection channels filled with liquid metal and arranged off-center Partitions are connected. So there is in normal operation over the Liquid metal is a continuous inner conductive connection between the Electrodes. In the case of current limitation, this is due to the high current density Liquid metal is displaced from the connecting channels.
  • the current limiting devices according to the prior art require a complex and complicated construction - in terms of the high Number of parts as well as the expensive materials to be used and their difficult editing.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of constructing a current limiting device to simplify and cheapen considerably.
  • a further embodiment of the invention consists in the structural summary several poles belonging to a circuit, the seal along the joint surfaces of the half shells, the seal between the poles. Compared to several single-pole current limiting devices takes such a multi-pole current limiting device much smaller construction volume and requires less installation effort.
  • sealing material between the half-shells.
  • sealing body which in a convenient manner for this purpose, hollow profiles provided in the joining surfaces are to be inserted, or or and a sealing layer to be applied to at least one of the joining surfaces, for example, is proposed.
  • GaInSn alloys as the liquid metal to be used are simply too handle due to their physiological safety.
  • An alloy of 660 parts by weight of gallium, 205 parts by weight of indium and 135 parts by weight Tin is liquid at normal pressure from 10 ° C to 2000 ° C and has adequate electrical conductivity.
  • Another advantageous embodiment of the invention consists on the one hand that the half shells in the area of the connecting channels bushings have high temperature and burn-resistant insulating material and in the rest of a material of lesser value, for example a cast ceramic.
  • a material of lesser value for example a cast ceramic.
  • the use of high quality materials is thereby effective on those areas of the half-shells that in the event of a short circuit exposed to extreme conditions.
  • Advantageous are the half-shells - except the sockets - from an inexpensive Molded material produced, which as a whole occurs in the case of limitation Pressure conditions and otherwise outside the close range the lower temperature requirements of the connecting channels must suffice.
  • another advantageous embodiment of the invention consists in that the half-shells are made of a temperature-resistant and burn-resistant non-ceramic Material.
  • Mica in particular is an inexpensive and easily machinable, for example by means of machining shaping processes Material and has sufficient resistance to high temperatures and against arcing.
  • the half shells can also be inexpensive, especially for large quantities, from a high temperature resistant Molded material or from an easily formable and editable glass ceramic produce.
  • An advantageous method for equipping such a current limiting device is that in the designated recesses the electrodes and one of the lower half-shell Number of poles corresponding number related and therefore easy parts of the frozen liquid metal to be handled.
  • a frozen part On such a frozen part consists of a number of ingots which is the number correspond to the compression spaces of the respective pole and a corresponding one Number of bars that connect the bars one behind the other.
  • the part with its bars into the compression half-spaces formed by the relevant half-shell and with its webs into those formed by this half-shell half connecting channels inserted. After that, put it together tightly the current limiting device is completed in both half-shells.
  • the height of the frozen bars essentially corresponds to the later one Level of the molten liquid metal at the operating temperature. Inlet openings in the insulating body for the liquid metal as well as outlet openings for gases to be displaced are not necessary here.
  • An advantageous method for equipping the current limiting device according to the invention generally consists in that of the lower Half-shell formed compression half-spaces the liquid metal in the form of frozen and therefore easy to handle, not connected Ingots are inserted. After that, by closely joining the two Half shells completed the current limiting device.
  • the high of frozen ingot is decisive for the later level of the molten one Liquid metal. Inlet and outlet openings in the insulating body are not necessary here either.
  • the outer envelope of the current limiting device 1 is one Insulating body formed from two identical half-shells 2 and 3, on their joining surfaces 4 and 5 are to be connected.
  • the joining surfaces 4, 5 run in the Middle plane of the fully assembled current limiting device 1.
  • the half-shells 2 and 3 consist of a molding material which is the short circuit can withstand occurring pressure, but not the high demands must meet the conditions that arise in the event of a short circuit high temperatures and arcing.
  • the half shells 2 and 3 each have two parallel dividing walls 6 and 7, which run perpendicular to the joining surfaces 4 and 5 and inside the connected Half shells three parallel poles 8, 9 and 10 electrically separate from each other.
  • Each pole 8 to 10 are inside the Half shells 2 and 3 each assigned two recesses 11 and 12.
  • the other half of the electrodes 13, 14 is from the corresponding recesses 11, 12 of the upper half shell 3.
  • the electrodes 13 and 14 each consist of a cuboid Cross leg 15 and a middle leg protruding perpendicularly therefrom 16, reaching outwards from the assembled half-shells 2 and 3 each the connecting conductor for the external circuit to be protected forms.
  • the cross legs 15 extend perpendicular to the joining surfaces 4, 5 and to the partition walls 6, 7.
  • the middle legs 16 extend parallel to the joining surfaces 4, 5 and in continuation of the poles 8, 9, 10.
  • each half-shell 2 or 3 extends in the middle pole 9 between him laterally delimiting partition walls 6 and 7 and in the one on the right Pole 8 between the laterally delimiting partition 6 and the opposite located half side wall 21 and in the left pole 10th between the laterally delimiting partition 7 and the opposite one half side wall 22 each have an odd number of intermediate half walls 23 and 24.
  • the intermediate half-walls 23 and 24 result when assembled the half-shells 2 and 3 are from the bottom wall below 18 of the lower half shell 2 to the top cover wall 19 of the upper half shell 3 extending partition walls 25 in each pole 8, 9, 10th is in each case by the electrode 13 or 14 and the intermediate wall adjacent to it 25 and one each through two adjacent partitions 25 successive series of compressor rooms 26 formed, each one from a lower compressor half-space located in the lower half-shell 2 27 and an upper one located in the upper half-shell 3 Assemble the compressor half-space 28.
  • Each half-shell 2 or 3 is inclusive of the intermediate half-walls 23 and 24 formed in one piece.
  • the intermediate half-walls 23 and 24 each have two semicircular, stepped recesses 31 and 32 on the Level of the respective joining surface 4 and 5 are open.
  • correspondingly shaped bushings 33 use non-conductive material (in Fig. 1 only in the middle pole 9 and inserted in the foremost intermediate half wall 23 of the pole 8 on the right shown, for the remaining part of the pole 8 only in a projection over the associated Recesses 31 indicated).
  • the sockets are also from the corresponding recesses 32 of the intermediate half walls 24 of the upper half shell 3.
  • the sockets 33 have a central through hole, with which Connection channels 34 between adjacent compressor rooms 26 consist.
  • the sockets 33 of adjacent partitions 25 are offset from one another arranged.
  • the middle plane of the current limiting device 1 forms at the same time the common center plane of all connecting channels 34 and runs between the joining surfaces 4 and 5.
  • the current limiting device 1 can be divided into two Operational positions are operated, the second position of use the first position of use by swiveling 180 ° around the middle pole 9 runs longitudinal axis.
  • the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments limited, but can be varied within the scope of the claims. So the half-shells 2 and 3 also assembled without solidified liquid metal previously divided into bars only in this case are closable filling openings for the liquid metal to be filled in later and lockable if necessary Provide outlet openings for escaping gas. If the Half shells made of a temperature and burn-resistant material consist of half of the connecting channels directly from the partition walls be formed so that contiguous frozen per pole Liquid metal parts can be inserted during assembly. Of course can the current limiting device according to the invention also with more or with fewer than three poles.

Abstract

A self-recovering current-limiting device with a liquid metal includes two T-shaped electrodes for connection to an electric circuit to be protected. Each of the electrodes are made of a solid metal. Several compressor cavities which are partially filled with the liquid metal are situated one behind the other between the electrodes. The compressor cavities are formed by pressure-proof insulating bodies and by insulating intermediate walls which are provided with connecting channels and which are held by the insulating bodies. The insulating bodies and the intermediate walls form a uniform upper and lower half shell with opposite-lying joining surfaces. The half shells are connected in a sealed manner along joining surfaces in the area of a common middle plane of the connecting channels. Up to half of each of the electrodes is accommodated in corresponding recesses of the half shells, the electrodes extending with their respective middle limb out of the half shells.

Description

Technisches GebietTechnical field

Die Erfindung betrifft eine selbsterholende Strombegrenzungseinrichtung mit Flüssigmetall, die Elektroden aus Festmetall zum Anschließen an einen äußeren zu schützenden Stromkreis und mehrere mit Flüssigmetall teilweise aufgefüllte, zwischen den Elektroden hintereinander liegende Verdichterräume enthält, die durch druckfeste Isolierkörper und durch diese gehaltene isolierende Zwischenwände mit Verbindungskanälen gebildet werdenThe invention relates to a self-recovering current limiting device Liquid metal, the electrodes made of solid metal for connection to an external one circuit to be protected and several circuits partially filled with liquid metal, compressor rooms located one behind the other between the electrodes contains, by means of pressure-resistant insulating bodies and insulators held by them Partitions with connecting channels are formed

Stand der TechnikState of the art

Aus der Druckschrift SU 922 911 A ist eine solche einpolige selbsterholende Strombegrenzungseinrichtung bekannt, die zwei Elektroden aus Festmetall enthält, die durch als druckfestes Isofiergehäuse ausgebildete erste Isolierkörper getrennt sind. Innerhalb des lsoliergehäuses sind durch isolierende Zwischenwände und dazwischen angeordnete zweite Isolierkörper, die als ringförmige Dichtscheiben ausgeführt sind, mit Flüssigmetall teilweise aufgefüllte, hintereinander liegende Verdichterräume ausgebildet, die untereinander über mit Flüssigmetall ausgefüllte, außermittig angeordnete Verbindungskanäle der Zwischenwände verbunden sind. Damit besteht im Normalbetrieb über das Flüssigmetall eine durchgehende innere leitende Verbindung zwischen den Elektroden. Im Strombegrenzungsfall wird infolge der hohen Stromdichte das Flüssigmetall aus den Verbindungskanälen verdrängt. Damit ist die elektrische Verbindung der Elektroden über das Flüssigmetall unterbrochen, was zur Begrenzung des Kurzschlussstromes führt. Nach Abschaltung oder Beseitigung des Kurzschlusses füllen sich die Verbindungskanäle wieder mit Flüssigmetall, worauf die Strombegrenzungseinrichtung erneut betriebsbereit ist. Die Zwischenwände müssen dem Druckanstieg bei Verdampfung von Flüssigmetall standhalten und bestehen aus hochwertigem keramischem Material mit einer hohen Temperaturfestigkeit und einer gegenüber Lichtbogenwirkung hohen Abbrandfestigkeit. In der Druckschrift DE 40 12 385 A1 wird eine Strombegrenzungseinrichtung mit nur einem Verdichterraum beschrieben und als Medium über dem Flüssigkeitsspiegel Vakuum, Schutzgas oder eine isolierende Flüssigkeit erwähnt. Zur Verbesserung der Begrenzungseigenschaften sind nach Druckschrift SU 1 076 981 A die Verbindungskanäle benachbarter Zwischenwände gegeneinander versetzt angeordnet. Es ist nach Druckschrift DE 26 52 506 A1 bekannt, bei Kontakteinrichtungen Gallium-Legierungen, insbesondere GalnSn-Legierungen zu verwenden.From the publication SU 922 911 A is such a single-pole self-recovery Current limiting device known, the two electrodes made of solid metal contains the first insulating body designed as a pressure-resistant insulating housing are separated. Inside the insulating housing are through insulating partitions and interposed second insulating body, which as an annular Sealing washers, partially filled with liquid metal, Compressor rooms located one behind the other, which one above the other connection channels filled with liquid metal and arranged off-center Partitions are connected. So there is in normal operation over the Liquid metal is a continuous inner conductive connection between the Electrodes. In the case of current limitation, this is due to the high current density Liquid metal is displaced from the connecting channels. So that is electrical Connection of the electrodes via the liquid metal is interrupted, causing limitation of the short-circuit current. After shutdown or removal of the short circuit, the connection channels fill again with liquid metal, whereupon the current limiting device is ready for operation again. The partitions must the pressure increase when liquid metal evaporates withstand and consist of high quality ceramic material with a high temperature resistance and a high arc resistance Erosion resistance. In the document DE 40 12 385 A1 there is a current limiting device described with only one compressor room and as a medium above the liquid level vacuum, protective gas or an insulating Liquid mentioned. To improve the limiting properties are according to publication SU 1 076 981 A, the connecting channels of adjacent partition walls offset from each other. It is according to DE 26 52 506 A1 known, in contact devices gallium alloys, in particular To use GalnSn alloys.

Die Strombegrenzungseinrichtungen nach dem Stand der Technik erfordern eine aufwendige und komplizierte Konstruktion - und zwar hinsichtlich der hohen Teilezahl als auch der zu verwendenden teuren Werkstoffe sowie deren schwierigen Bearbeitung.The current limiting devices according to the prior art require a complex and complicated construction - in terms of the high Number of parts as well as the expensive materials to be used and their difficult editing.

Darstellung der ErfindungPresentation of the invention

Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, den Aufbau einer Strombegrenzungseinrichtung wesentlich zu vereinfachen und zu verbilligen.The invention is therefore based on the object of constructing a current limiting device to simplify and cheapen considerably.

Ausgehend von einer Strombegrenzungseinrichtung der eingangs genannten Art wird die Aufgabe erfindungsgemäß durch die kennzeichnenden Merkmale des unabhängigen Anspruches gelöst, während den abhängigen Ansprüchen vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung zu entnehmen sind.Starting from a current limiting device of the type mentioned According to the invention, the task is characterized by the characterizing features of the independent claim solved, while the dependent claims advantageous developments of the invention can be found.

Durch die einheitlich als Isolierkörper und Zwischenhalbwände ausgebildeten Halbschalen, deren dichtende Verbindung sowie die Lagerung der T-förmig ausgebildeten Elektroden wird mit wenig unterschiedlichen Teilen hoher Funktionsintegration eine einfach und schnell montierbare Strombegrenzungseinrichtung geschaffen, ohne dass Nachteile für die Gebrauchseigenschaften entstehen. Zur Realisierung einer Baureihe von Strombegrenzungseinrichtungen unterschiedlich skalierter Nennstrombereiche genügt es, diese wenigen Teile in ihren Abmessungen entsprechend skaliert zur Verfügung zu stellen. Die Strombegrenzungseinrichtung ist für zwei, im wesentlichen um 180° gegeneinander verschwenkte Gebrauchslagen geeignet. Die kraftschlüssige Verbindung beider Halbschalen geschieht durch bekannte Mittel, beispielsweise Schraubverbindungen oder bzw. und Klammern.Through the uniformly designed as an insulating body and partition walls Half shells, their sealing connection and the storage of the T-shaped trained electrodes with little different parts high functional integration a simple and quick to install current limiting device created without disadvantages for the performance properties. To implement a series of current limiting devices different scaled nominal current ranges, these few parts are sufficient scaled accordingly. The Current limiting device is for two, essentially by 180 ° against each other swiveled use positions suitable. The non-positive connection both half-shells are done by known means, for example Screw connections or or and brackets.

Eine gerade Anzahl von Verdichterräumen zwischen den zu jeweils einem Pol gehörenden Elektroden führt zu dem Vorteil, beide Halbschalen identisch auszubilden, was eine weitere Verringerung der Teilezahl bedeutet.An even number of compressor spaces between each one pole belonging electrodes leads to the advantage of making both half-shells identical, which means a further reduction in the number of parts.

Eine weitere Ausbildung der Erfindung besteht in der baulichen Zusammenfassung mehrerer zu einem Stromkreis gehörender Pole, wobei die Dichtung entlang der Fügeflächen der Halbschalen gleichzeitig die Dichtung zwischen den Polen vornimmt. Gegenüber mehreren einpoligen Strombegrenzungseinrichtungen nimmt eine derartige mehrpolige Strombegrenzungseinrichtung ein wesentlich kleineres Bauvolumen ein und erfordert einen geringeren Montageaufwand.A further embodiment of the invention consists in the structural summary several poles belonging to a circuit, the seal along the joint surfaces of the half shells, the seal between the poles. Compared to several single-pole current limiting devices takes such a multi-pole current limiting device much smaller construction volume and requires less installation effort.

Es ist zweckmäßig, zwischen den Halbschalen Dichtungsmaterial vorzusehen. Dazu werden insbesondere Dichtungskörper, die in zweckmäßiger Weise in dafür in den Fügeflächen vorgesehenen Hohlprofilen einzulegen sind, oder bzw. und eine Dichtungsschicht, die auf wenigstens eine der Fügeflächen aufzubringen, beispielsweise aufzukleben ist, vorgeschlagen.It is advisable to provide sealing material between the half-shells. For this purpose, in particular sealing body, which in a convenient manner for this purpose, hollow profiles provided in the joining surfaces are to be inserted, or or and a sealing layer to be applied to at least one of the joining surfaces, for example, is proposed.

Eine versetzte Anordnung der Verbindungskanäle benachbarter Zwischenwände führt zu einer Verlängerung des Lichtbogen und erhöht damit die Strombegrenzungswirkung; sie kann jedoch auch die Ausbildung eines langen Lichtbogens über alle Verdichterräume hinweg unterdrücken und zur Aufteilung in mehrere, wirksamer begrenzende Teillichtbögen zwingen. An offset arrangement of the connecting channels of adjacent partitions leads to an extension of the arc and thus increases the Current limiting effect; however, it can also be a long training Suppress the arc across all compressor rooms and for distribution force into several, more effectively limiting partial arcs.

GaInSn-Legierungen als zu verwendendes Flüssigmetall sind einfach zu handhaben durch ihre physiologische Unbedenklichkeit. Eine Legierung aus 660 Gewichtsanteilen Gallium, 205 Gewichtsanteilen Indium und 135 Gewichtsanteilen Zinn ist bei Normaldruck von 10°C bis 2000°C flüssig und besitzt eine ausreichende elektrische Leitfähigkeit.GaInSn alloys as the liquid metal to be used are simply too handle due to their physiological safety. An alloy of 660 parts by weight of gallium, 205 parts by weight of indium and 135 parts by weight Tin is liquid at normal pressure from 10 ° C to 2000 ° C and has adequate electrical conductivity.

Eine andere vorteilhafte Ausbildung der Erfindung besteht einerseits darin, dass die Halbschalen im Bereich der Verbindungskanäle Buchsen aus hochtemperatur- und abbrandfestem isolierendem Material aufweisen und im übrigen aus einem demgegenüber geringwertigeren Werkstoff, beispielsweise einer gegossenen Keramik bestehen. Der Einsatz hochwertiger Materialien wird dadurch wirksam auf diejenigen Bereiche der Halbschalen, die im Kurzschlussfall den extremen Bedingungen ausgesetzt sind, eingeschränkt. Vorteilhaft sind die Halbschalen - ausgenommen die Buchsen - aus einem preiswerten Formstoff hergestellt, der im Ganzen den im Begrenzungsfall auftretenden Druckverhältnissen und im übrigen den außerhalb des Nahbereiches der Verbindungskanäle auftretenden geringeren Temperaturanforderungen genügen muss.Another advantageous embodiment of the invention consists on the one hand that the half shells in the area of the connecting channels bushings have high temperature and burn-resistant insulating material and in the rest of a material of lesser value, for example a cast ceramic. The use of high quality materials is thereby effective on those areas of the half-shells that in the event of a short circuit exposed to extreme conditions. Advantageous are the half-shells - except the sockets - from an inexpensive Molded material produced, which as a whole occurs in the case of limitation Pressure conditions and otherwise outside the close range the lower temperature requirements of the connecting channels must suffice.

Eine weitere vorteilhafte Ausbildung der Erfindung besteht anderseits darin, dass die Halbschalen aus einem temperatur- und abbrandfesten nichtkeramischen Werkstoff bestehen. Insbesondere Glimmer ist ein preiswerter und leicht, beispielsweise mittels spanender Formgebungsverfahren, bearbeitbarer Werkstoff und weist eine ausreichende Beständigkeit gegen hohe Temperaturen und gegen Lichtbogeneinwirkung auf. Die Halbschalen lassen sich auch preiswert, insbesondere bei hohen Stückzahlen, aus einem hochtemperaturfesten Formstoff oder aus einer leicht form- und bearbeitbaren Glaskeramik herstellen. Ein vorteilhaftes Verfahren zum Bestücken einer derartigen Strombegrenzungseinrichtung besteht darin, dass in die dafür vorgesehenen Aussparungen der unteren Halbschale die Elektroden und eine der vorgesehen Zahl von Polen entsprechende Anzahl zusammenhängender und damit leicht zu handhabender Teile des gefrorenen Flüssigmetalls eingelegt werden. Ein derartiges gefrorenes Teil besteht aus einer Anzahl von Barren, die der Anzahl der Verdichterräume des jeweiligen Pols entsprechen und einer entsprechenden Anzahl von Stegen, welche die Barren hintereinander verbinden. Das Teil wird mit seinen Barren in die von der betreffenden Halbschale gebildeten Verdichterhalbräume und mit seinen Stegen in die von dieser Halbschale gebildeten halben Verbindungskanäle eingelegt. Danach wird durch dichtes Zusammenfügen beider Halbschalen die Strombegrenzungseinrichtung vervollständigt. Die Höhe der gefrorenen Barren entspricht im wesentlichen der späteren Füllstandshöhe des bei Gebrauchstemperatur geschmolzenen Flüssigmetalls. Einlassöffnungen im Isolierkörper für das Flüssigmetall sowie Auslassöffnungen für zu verdrängende Gase sind hierbei nicht erforderlich.On the other hand, another advantageous embodiment of the invention consists in that the half-shells are made of a temperature-resistant and burn-resistant non-ceramic Material. Mica in particular is an inexpensive and easily machinable, for example by means of machining shaping processes Material and has sufficient resistance to high temperatures and against arcing. The half shells can also be inexpensive, especially for large quantities, from a high temperature resistant Molded material or from an easily formable and editable glass ceramic produce. An advantageous method for equipping such a current limiting device is that in the designated recesses the electrodes and one of the lower half-shell Number of poles corresponding number related and therefore easy parts of the frozen liquid metal to be handled. On such a frozen part consists of a number of ingots which is the number correspond to the compression spaces of the respective pole and a corresponding one Number of bars that connect the bars one behind the other. The part with its bars into the compression half-spaces formed by the relevant half-shell and with its webs into those formed by this half-shell half connecting channels inserted. After that, put it together tightly the current limiting device is completed in both half-shells. The height of the frozen bars essentially corresponds to the later one Level of the molten liquid metal at the operating temperature. Inlet openings in the insulating body for the liquid metal as well as outlet openings for gases to be displaced are not necessary here.

Ein vorteilhaftes Verfahren zum Bestücken der erfindungsgemäßen Strombegrenzungseinrichtung besteht allgemein darin, dass in die von der unteren Halbschale gebildeten Verdichterhalbräume das Flüssigmetall in Form von gefrorenen und damit leicht zu handhabenden, nicht zusammenhängenden Barren eingelegt werden. Danach wird durch dichtes Zusammenfügen beider Halbschalen die Strombegrenzungseinrichtung vervollständigt. Die Höhe der gefrorenen Barren ist maßgebend für die spätere Füllstandshöhe des geschmolzenen Flüssigmetalls. Einlass- und Auslassöffnungen im Isolierkörper sind auch hier nicht erforderlich.An advantageous method for equipping the current limiting device according to the invention generally consists in that of the lower Half-shell formed compression half-spaces the liquid metal in the form of frozen and therefore easy to handle, not connected Ingots are inserted. After that, by closely joining the two Half shells completed the current limiting device. The high of frozen ingot is decisive for the later level of the molten one Liquid metal. Inlet and outlet openings in the insulating body are not necessary here either.

Im Anschluss an die vorstehend beschriebenen Bestückungsverfahren sind die beiden Halbschalen zweckmäßig unter Vakuum oder einem Schutzgas zu verbinden. in der so fertiggestellten Strombegrenzungseinrichtung bildet das Vakuum bzw. das Schutzgas das Medium über dem Flüssigkeitsspiegel.Following the assembly procedures described above expediently close the two half-shells under vacuum or a protective gas connect. this forms in the current limiting device thus finished Vacuum or the protective gas the medium above the liquid level.

Kurze Beschreibung der ZeichnungBrief description of the drawing

Die äußere Umhüllung der Strombegrenzungseinrichtung 1 wird von einem Isolierkörper aus zwei gleichen Halbschalen 2 und 3 gebildet, die an ihren Fügeflächen 4 und 5 zu verbinden sind. Die Fügeflächen 4, 5 verlaufen in der Mittelebene der fertig montierten Strombegrenzungseinrichtung 1. Die Halbschalen 2 und 3 bestehen aus einem Formstoff, der den im Kurzschlussfall auftretenden Druck widerstehen kann, jedoch nicht den hohen Anforderungen an die Bedingungen genügen muss, die im Kurzschlussfall durch die entstehenden hohen Temperaturen und die Lichtbögen entstehen. Die Halbschalen 2 und 3 besitzen jeweils zwei parallel verlaufende Trennhalbwände 6 und 7, die senkrecht zu den Fügeflächen 4 bzw. 5 verlaufen und im Inneren der verbundenen Halbschalen drei parallel nebeneinander verlaufende Pole 8, 9 und 10 elektrisch voneinander trennen. Jedem Pol 8 bis 10 sind im Inneren der Halbschalen 2 und 3 je zwei Aussparungen 11 und 12 zugeordnet. Von den Aussparungen 11 und 12 der unteren Halbschale 2 werden T-förmige Elektroden 13 bzw. 14 aus Kupfer je zur Hälfte aufgenommen (in Fig. 1 nur für den mittleren Pol 9 dargestellt). Die andere Hälfte der Elektroden 13, 14 wird von den entsprechenden Aussparungen 11, 12 der oberen Halbschale 3 aufgenommen. Die Elektroden 13 und 14 bestehen aus jeweils einem quaderförmigen Querschenkel 15 und einem davon senkrecht abstehenden Mittelschenkel 16, der aus den zusammengefügten Halbschalen 2 und 3 nach außen reichend jeweils den Anschlussleiter für den äußeren zu schützenden Stromkreis bildet. Die Querschenkel 15 erstrecken sich senkrecht zu den Fügeflächen 4, 5 sowie zu den Trennhalbwänden 6, 7. Die Mittelschenkel 16 erstrecken sich parallel zu den Fügeflächen 4, 5 sowie in Fortsetzung der Pole 8, 9, 10.The outer envelope of the current limiting device 1 is one Insulating body formed from two identical half-shells 2 and 3, on their joining surfaces 4 and 5 are to be connected. The joining surfaces 4, 5 run in the Middle plane of the fully assembled current limiting device 1. The half-shells 2 and 3 consist of a molding material which is the short circuit can withstand occurring pressure, but not the high demands must meet the conditions that arise in the event of a short circuit high temperatures and arcing. The half shells 2 and 3 each have two parallel dividing walls 6 and 7, which run perpendicular to the joining surfaces 4 and 5 and inside the connected Half shells three parallel poles 8, 9 and 10 electrically separate from each other. Each pole 8 to 10 are inside the Half shells 2 and 3 each assigned two recesses 11 and 12. Of the Recesses 11 and 12 of the lower half-shell 2 become T-shaped electrodes 13 or 14 made of copper each half (in Fig. 1 only for the middle pole 9 shown). The other half of the electrodes 13, 14 is from the corresponding recesses 11, 12 of the upper half shell 3. The electrodes 13 and 14 each consist of a cuboid Cross leg 15 and a middle leg protruding perpendicularly therefrom 16, reaching outwards from the assembled half-shells 2 and 3 each the connecting conductor for the external circuit to be protected forms. The cross legs 15 extend perpendicular to the joining surfaces 4, 5 and to the partition walls 6, 7. The middle legs 16 extend parallel to the joining surfaces 4, 5 and in continuation of the poles 8, 9, 10.

In jeder Halbschale 2 bzw. 3 erstreckt sich im mittleren Pol 9 zwischen den ihn seitlich begrenzenden Trennhalbwänden 6 und 7 sowie in dem rechts gelegenen Pol 8 zwischen der seitlich begrenzenden Trennwand 6 und der gegenüber befindlichen halben Seitenwand 21 sowie in dem links gelegenen Pol 10 zwischen der seitlich begrenzenden Trennwand 7 und der gegenüber befindlichen halben Seitenwand 22 jeweils eine ungerade Anzahl von Zwischenhalbwänden 23 bzw. 24. Die Zwischenhalbwände 23 und 24 ergeben beim Zusammenfügen der Halbschalen 2 und 3 sich von der unten gelegenen Deckwand 18 der unteren Halbschale 2 zu der oben gelegenen Deckwand 19 der oberen Halbschale 3 erstreckenden Zwischenwände 25. in jedem Pol 8, 9, 10 wird jeweils durch die Elektrode 13 bzw. 14 und den ihr benachbarten Zwischenwand 25 sowie durch jeweils zwei benachbarte Zwischenwände 25 eine hintereinander liegende Reihe von Verdichterräumen 26 gebildet, die sich jeweils aus einem in der unteren Halbschale 2 befindlichen unteren Verdichterhalbraum 27 sowie einem in der oberen Halbschale 3 befindlichen oberen Verdichterhalbraum 28 zusammensetzen. Jede Halbschale 2 bzw. 3 ist einschließlich der Zwischenhalbwände 23 bzw. 24 einteilig ausgebildet.In each half-shell 2 or 3 extends in the middle pole 9 between him laterally delimiting partition walls 6 and 7 and in the one on the right Pole 8 between the laterally delimiting partition 6 and the opposite located half side wall 21 and in the left pole 10th between the laterally delimiting partition 7 and the opposite one half side wall 22 each have an odd number of intermediate half walls 23 and 24. The intermediate half-walls 23 and 24 result when assembled the half-shells 2 and 3 are from the bottom wall below 18 of the lower half shell 2 to the top cover wall 19 of the upper half shell 3 extending partition walls 25 in each pole 8, 9, 10th is in each case by the electrode 13 or 14 and the intermediate wall adjacent to it 25 and one each through two adjacent partitions 25 successive series of compressor rooms 26 formed, each one from a lower compressor half-space located in the lower half-shell 2 27 and an upper one located in the upper half-shell 3 Assemble the compressor half-space 28. Each half-shell 2 or 3 is inclusive of the intermediate half-walls 23 and 24 formed in one piece.

Die Zwischenhalbwände 23 und 24 weisen im Beispiel jeweils zwei halbkreisförmige, stufenförmig abgesetzte Ausnehmungen 31 bzw. 32 auf, die in der Ebene der jeweiligen Fügefläche 4 bzw. 5 geöffnet sind. In die Ausnehmungen 31 der unteren Halbschale 2 sind entsprechend geformte Buchsen 33 aus nichtleitendem Material einzusetzen (in Fig. 1 nur in dem mittleren Pol 9 sowie in der vordersten Zwischenhalbwand 23 des rechtgelegenen Pols 8 eingesetzt dargestellt, für den restlichen Teil des Pols 8 nur in Projektion über den zugehörigen Ausnehmungen 31 angedeutet). Beim Zusammenfügen der Halbschalen 2 und 3 werden die Buchsen ebenso von den entsprechenden Ausnehmungen 32 der Zwischenhalbwände 24 der oberen Halbschale 3 umgriffen. Die Buchsen 33 weisen einen zentrale Durchgangsbohrung auf, womit Verbindungskanäle 34 zwischen jeweils benachbarten Verdichterräumen 26 bestehen. Die Buchsen 33 bestehen im Gegensatz zu den Halbschalen 2 und 3 aus einem hochtemperaturbeständigem keramischen Material, das den extremen Anforderung gegen Lichtbogeneinflüsse im Kurzschlussfall genügt. Zur Verbesserung der Begrenzungseigenschaften der Strombegrenzungseinrichtung 1 sind die Buchsen 33 benachbarter Zwischenwände 25 zueinander versetzt angeordnet. Die Mittelebene der Strombegrenzungseinrichtung 1 bildet gleichzeitig die gemeinsame Mittelebene aller Verbindungskanäle 34 und verläuft zwischen den Fügeflächen 4 und 5.The intermediate half-walls 23 and 24 each have two semicircular, stepped recesses 31 and 32 on the Level of the respective joining surface 4 and 5 are open. In the recesses 31 of the lower half-shell 2 are correspondingly shaped bushings 33 use non-conductive material (in Fig. 1 only in the middle pole 9 and inserted in the foremost intermediate half wall 23 of the pole 8 on the right shown, for the remaining part of the pole 8 only in a projection over the associated Recesses 31 indicated). When joining the half shells 2 and 3, the sockets are also from the corresponding recesses 32 of the intermediate half walls 24 of the upper half shell 3. The sockets 33 have a central through hole, with which Connection channels 34 between adjacent compressor rooms 26 consist. In contrast to the half-shells 2 and 3 Made of a high temperature resistant ceramic material that can withstand the extreme A requirement against arcing influences in the event of a short circuit is sufficient. to Improvement of the limiting properties of the current limiting device 1, the sockets 33 of adjacent partitions 25 are offset from one another arranged. The middle plane of the current limiting device 1 forms at the same time the common center plane of all connecting channels 34 and runs between the joining surfaces 4 and 5.

In die Verdichterhalbräume 27 der soweit bestückten unteren Halbschale 2 werden Barren 35 aus gefrorenem Flüssigmetall eingesetzt (in Fig. 1 nur für den mittleren Pol 9 dargestellt). Die Barren 35 werden bündig von den Zwischenhalbwänden 23 und den Trennhalbwänden 6 bzw. Seitenwänden 21, 22 gehalten. Die Barren 35 reichen mit ihrer Höhe über die Ebene der Fügefläche 2 soweit hinaus, dass nach dem Zusammenbau der Strombegrenzungseinrichtung 1 das schmelzende Flüssigmetall die Verbindungskanäle 34 ausfüllt und mit seinem Flüssigkeitsspiegel diese mit einem ausreichenden Abstand übersteigt. Wenn das Zusammenfügen der Halbschalen 2 und 3 unter einer Schutzgasatmosphäre vorgenommen wird, bildet dann dieses Schutzgas das Medium über dem Flüssigkeitsspiegel.In the compression half-spaces 27 of the lower half-shell 2, which has been equipped so far bars 35 of frozen liquid metal are used (in Fig. 1 only for the middle pole 9 shown). The bars 35 are flush with the intermediate half-walls 23 and the partition walls 6 and side walls 21, 22 held. The bars 35 extend with their height over the level of the joining surface 2 to the extent that after the assembly of the current limiting device 1 the melting liquid metal fills the connecting channels 34 and with its liquid level, this with a sufficient distance exceeds. If the assembly of the half shells 2 and 3 under one Protective gas atmosphere is made, this protective gas then forms the Medium above the liquid level.

In den Trennhalbwänden 6 und 7 sind zu den Fügeflächen offene Nuten 41 eingelassen, in die isolierende Dichtungskörper (in Fig. 1 nicht dargestellt) einzulegen sind. Auf die Fügefläche 4 oder bzw. und 5 wird eine isolierende Dichtungsschicht (in Fig. 1 ebenfalls nicht dargestellt) aufgeklebt. Durch diese Materialien wird die gegenseitige Abdichtung der Pole 8 bis 10 untereinander sowie die Abdichtung der Strombegrenzungseinrichtung 1 insgesamt nach außen gewährleistet. Die Halbschalen 2 und 3 sind kraftschlüssig zu verbinden, beispielsweise mittels gegenseitig verschraubbarer Klemmbacken (in Fig. 1 aus Gründen der Übersichtlichkeit nicht dargestellt). Durch die ungerade Anzahl der Zwischenhalbwände 23 bzw. 24 ergibt sich eine gerade Anzahl von Verdichterhalbräumen 27 bzw. 28, was wiederum die identische Ausbildung beider Halbschalen 2 und 3 gestattet. Damit werden zur Herstellung der beschriebenen dreipoligen Ausführungsform der Strombegrenzungseinrichtung 1 außer den eben genannten Dichtungs- und Verbindungsmitteln nur noch 4 verschiedene Teile benötigt, nämlich die identischen Halbschalen 2 und 3, die identischen Elektroden 13 und 14, die identischen Buchsen 33 und die identischen Barren 35. Die Strombegrenzungseinrichtung 1 kann in zwei Gebrauchslagen betrieben werden, wobei sich die zweite Gebrauchslage aus der ersten Gebrauchslage durch eine Schwenkung von 180° um die durch den mittleren Pol 9 verlaufende Längsachse ergibt.In the partition walls 6 and 7 there are grooves 41 open to the joining surfaces embedded in the insulating sealing body (not shown in Fig. 1) are. On the joining surface 4 or 5 and 5 is an insulating Sealing layer (also not shown in Fig. 1) glued on. Through this Materials are the mutual sealing of the poles 8 to 10 with each other and the sealing of the current limiting device 1 as a whole guaranteed outside. The half-shells 2 and 3 are to be connected in a non-positive manner, for example using mutually screwable clamping jaws (in Fig. 1 not shown for reasons of clarity). By the odd Number of intermediate half-walls 23 and 24 results in an even number of Compressor half-spaces 27 and 28, which in turn have the same design both half-shells 2 and 3 allowed. This will be used to manufacture the described three-pole embodiment of the current limiting device 1 except for the sealing and connecting means just mentioned 4 different parts needed, namely the identical half shells 2 and 3, the identical electrodes 13 and 14, the identical sockets 33 and the identical bars 35. The current limiting device 1 can be divided into two Operational positions are operated, the second position of use the first position of use by swiveling 180 ° around the middle pole 9 runs longitudinal axis.

Die vorliegende Erfindung ist nicht auf die vorstehend beschriebenen Ausführungsformen beschränkt, sondern kann im Rahmen der Ansprüche variiert werden. So können die Halbschalen 2 und 3 auch ohne von vorher in Barren aufgeteiltem erstarrtem Flüssigmetall zusammengefügt werden, nur sind in diesem Falle verschließbare Einfüllöffnungen für das nachträglich einzufüllende Flüssigmetall und erforderlichenfalls verschließbare Auslassöffnungen für entweichendes Gas vorzusehen. Wenn die Halbschalen insgesamt aus einem temperatur- und abbrandfesten Material bestehen, können die Verbindungskanäle direkt hälftig aus den Zwischenhalbwänden gebildet werden, so dass pro Pol zusammenhängende gefrorene Teile aus Flüssigmetall bei der Montage eingelegt werden können. Selbstverständlich kann die erfindungsgemäße Strombegrenzungseinrichtung auch mit mehr oder mit weniger als drei Polen ausgeführt werden.The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments limited, but can be varied within the scope of the claims. So the half-shells 2 and 3 also assembled without solidified liquid metal previously divided into bars only in this case are closable filling openings for the liquid metal to be filled in later and lockable if necessary Provide outlet openings for escaping gas. If the Half shells made of a temperature and burn-resistant material consist of half of the connecting channels directly from the partition walls be formed so that contiguous frozen per pole Liquid metal parts can be inserted during assembly. Of course can the current limiting device according to the invention also with more or with fewer than three poles.

Claims (13)

  1. Self-recovering current-limiting device with liquid metal, containing
    electrodes (13; 14) of solid metal for connecting to an external circuit to be protected and
    a plurality of compression chambers (26), which are partially filled with liquid metal and arranged in series between the electrodes (13; 14),
    which compression chambers are formed by pressure-resistant insulating bodies and by insulating intermediate walls (25), which are held by the latter and have connecting channels (34),
    characterized
    in that the insulating bodies and the intermediate walls (25) each form a uniform upper and lower half shell (2; 3) with joining faces (4; 5) lying opposite one another,
    in that the half shells (2; 3) are connected in a sealing manner in the region of the common centre plane of the connecting channels (34) along the joining faces (4; 5) and
    in that the electrodes (13; 14) are formed in a substantially T-shaped manner, are mounted half each in corresponding clearances (11; 12) of the half shells (2; 3) and extend with their middle leg (16) outwards out of the half shells (2; 3).
  2. Self-recovering current-limiting device according to Claim 1, characterized in that an even number of compression chambers (26) are arranged between the electrodes (13; 14) and the two half shells (2; 3) are identically formed.
  3. Self-recovering current-limiting device according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the half shells (2; 3) bear two electrodes (13; 14) each for a number of poles (8; 9; 10) and respectively enclose between these electrodes compression chambers (26) arranged in series, thereby forming insulating dividing half walls (6; 7), the poles (8; 9; 10) extending next to one another and parallel to the centre plane of the connecting channels (34).
  4. Self-recovering current-limiting device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that an electrically insulating sealing material is arranged between the joining faces (4; 5) of the half shells (2; 3).
  5. Self-recovering current-limiting device according to Claim 4, characterized in that the sealing material comprises at least one sealing body.
  6. Self-recovering current-limiting device according to Claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the sealing material comprises a sealing layer applied at least to one of the joining faces (4; 5).
  7. Self-recovering current-limiting device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the connecting channels (34) of intermediate walls (25) arranged directly in series are arranged offset with respect to one another.
  8. Self-recovering current-limiting device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the liquid metal is a GaInSn alloy.
  9. Self-recovering current-limiting device according to one of Claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, in the region of the connecting channels (34), the half shells (2; 3) respectively half-enclose sockets (33) of high-temperature- and erosion-resistant insulating material and otherwise consist of a material of comparatively lower value.
  10. Self-recovering current-limiting device according to one of Claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the half shells (2; 3) consist of a temperature- and erosion-resistant non-ceramic material, such as mica, a high-temperature-resistant moulding compound, a machinable glass ceramic or a cast ceramic.
  11. Method of equipping a self-recovering current-limiting device according to Claim 10, characterized in that, before the two half shells (2; 3) are joined together, a number of frozen liquid metal bodies, corresponding to the number of poles (8; 9; 10), are placed into the lower half shell (2), with bars entering into the lower compression half chambers (27), and with webs connecting the bars entering into the half connecting channels.
  12. Method of equipping a self-recovering current-limiting device according to one of Claims 1 to 10, characterized in that, before the two half shells (2; 3) are joined together, bars (35) of frozen liquid metal are placed into the lower compression half chambers (27) of the lower half shells (2).
  13. Method of equipping a self-recovering current-limiting device according to Claim 10 or 12, characterized in that the equipping takes place under vacuum or an inert gas before the half shells (2; 3) are joined together in a sealing manner.
EP00910699A 1999-03-05 2000-02-24 Self-recovering current limiting device having liquid metal Expired - Lifetime EP1157401B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19909558A DE19909558C1 (en) 1999-03-05 1999-03-05 Self-recovering current limiter with liquid metal has insulating bodies and intermediate walls forming upper, lower shells sealed together along surfaces at connecting channel central plane
DE19909558 1999-03-05
PCT/EP2000/001512 WO2000054298A1 (en) 1999-03-05 2000-02-24 Self-recovering current limiting device having liquid metal

Publications (2)

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EP1157401A1 EP1157401A1 (en) 2001-11-28
EP1157401B1 true EP1157401B1 (en) 2003-11-19

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US (1) US6621401B1 (en)
EP (1) EP1157401B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE254801T1 (en)
DE (2) DE19909558C1 (en)
WO (1) WO2000054298A1 (en)

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JP5050265B2 (en) * 2007-11-09 2012-10-17 国立大学法人九州工業大学 Self-healing current limiting fuse
US8953314B1 (en) * 2010-08-09 2015-02-10 Georgia Tech Research Corporation Passive heat sink for dynamic thermal management of hot spots

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DE19909558C1 (en) 2000-05-25
US6621401B1 (en) 2003-09-16
EP1157401A1 (en) 2001-11-28
WO2000054298A1 (en) 2000-09-14
ATE254801T1 (en) 2003-12-15
DE50004494D1 (en) 2003-12-24

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