EP1190429B1 - Self-recovering current-limiting device containing liquid metal - Google Patents
Self-recovering current-limiting device containing liquid metal Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1190429B1 EP1190429B1 EP00929559A EP00929559A EP1190429B1 EP 1190429 B1 EP1190429 B1 EP 1190429B1 EP 00929559 A EP00929559 A EP 00929559A EP 00929559 A EP00929559 A EP 00929559A EP 1190429 B1 EP1190429 B1 EP 1190429B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- limiting device
- self
- recovering current
- current
- electrodes
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229910001338 liquidmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 30
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000638 solvent extraction Methods 0.000 claims 7
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 27
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 18
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000005405 multipole Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000565 sealant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000807 Ga alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003779 heat-resistant material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010445 mica Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052618 mica group Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H87/00—Protective devices in which a current flowing through a liquid or solid is interrupted by the evaporation of the liquid or by the melting and evaporation of the solid when the current becomes excessive, the circuit continuity being reestablished on cooling
Definitions
- the invention relates to a self-recovering current limiting device Liquid metal, the electrodes made of solid metal for connection to an external one circuit to be protected and several circuits partially filled with liquid metal, compressor rooms located one behind the other between the electrodes, with pressure-resistant insulating bodies and insulating partition walls Connection channels are formed contains.
- SU 922 911 A is a single-pole self-recovering current limiting device known, which contains two electrodes made of solid metal, separated by the first insulating body designed as a pressure-resistant insulating housing are. Inside the insulating housing are through insulating partitions and interposed second insulating body, which as an annular Sealing disks are designed, one after the other, partially filled with liquid metal lying compressor rooms formed with each other with Liquid metal filled, eccentric circular connection channels the partitions are connected. So there is in normal operation a continuous internal conductive connection between the liquid metal the electrodes. In the current limitation case, due to the high current density displaces the liquid metal from the connecting channels.
- connection channels fill up again Liquid metal, whereupon the current limiting device is ready for operation again is.
- the partition walls have to cope with the increase in pressure when vaporization occurs Liquid metal had and are made of high quality ceramic material with a high temperature resistance and an arcing effect high erosion resistance.
- Liquid metal had and are made of high quality ceramic material with a high temperature resistance and an arcing effect high erosion resistance.
- the connecting channels are more adjacent Partitions offset from each other. It is after Document DE 26 52 506 A1 known, gallium alloys in contact devices, in particular to use GaInSn alloys.
- the known current limiting devices are with current-conducting connection channels circular cross-section.
- the once specified determined unchangeable opening cross-section of the connecting channels essentially the nominal current carrying capacity of the current limiting device.
- a current limiting device is only ex works suitable for a single nominal current range.
- Problems also occur at the sealing joints between the connected insulating bodies.
- the creeping ability of liquid metals high demands on the tightness of the current limiting devices.
- the known current limiting devices by a partially intensive construction and a high installation effort.
- the invention is therefore based on the object of a current limiting device specify the inexpensive to manufacture and with simple means can be set to a desired nominal current range.
- the current limiting device according to the invention requires only a few Parts, namely two electrodes, a two-part serving as an insulating body Molded housing and means known per se for connecting the lower part and covers, such as screw, clamp, adhesive, welded or press connections. This means that the effort for provision, assembly and considerably reduced for sealing the remaining parts.
- the creep of Liquid metal is no longer a problem.
- Lid and base included Partitions are made of heat-resistant material, for example heat-resistant Thermoplastic or thermoset, mica or ceramic.
- the open to the top, Connection channels designed as elongated holes allow problem-free Demoulding of the lower part from the mold.
- the current limiting device By filling A certain amount of liquid metal is used in the horizontal position the current limiting device a certain partial cross section of the filled Connection channels as a current-conducting cross-section and thus the nominal current range established.
- the nominal current carrying capacity increases with the level.
- the fill level can be determined, adjusted or by the manufacturer or user to be changed. This allows an optimal adaptation to circumstances of the systems to be protected with a minimum number of sizes one Type range of current limiting devices.
- each of the partitions assigned connection channels leads to a meandering current path and to an arc elongation in the event of a current limitation.
- sealants preferably as a molded or molded seal or seals can be executed.
- the electrodes can be easily removed using means known per se Store in the lower part and fix with the assembly of the cover. It diminishes the assembly effort when the electrodes are fixed in the lower part, preferably simultaneously with the shaping process of the lower part. A full area Covering the corresponding inner surfaces by the electrodes facilitated their fixation and serves the stability of the current limiting device.
- a reclosable filling opening at a suitable point on the molded housing enables the current limiting device in a simple manner to be filled, refilled or filled with liquid metal at the factory or by the customer adjust their fill level to the required nominal current range.
- GalnSn alloys are easy to use as the liquid metal handle due to their physiological safety.
- An alloy of 660 parts by weight of gallium, 205 parts by weight of indium and 135 parts by weight Tin is liquid at normal pressure from 10 ° C to 2000 ° C and has adequate electrical conductivity.
- the current limiting device described above as a single-pole device can advantageously be arranged side by side of the same type of current limiting devices expand to a multi-pole device.
- a such a multi-pole current limiting device expediently has over a common lower part with each other according to the number of poles current paths isolated from one another and / or via a common one Cover.
- the self-recovering current limiting device 1 with liquid metal 3 after Fig. 1 to 5 is designed three-pole and serves to protect a three-phase system.
- the current limiting device 1 is in the form of a molded housing 5 trained insulating body enclosed.
- the molded housing 5 consists of three identical trough-like lower parts 7 arranged close to one another and a common lid 9.
- the lower parts 7 are assembled State of the cover 9 via non-positive and / or positive connection means, for example comprehensive clamping devices in the form of clamping rails, Clamping screws and clamping nuts, closed, one on the underside of the lid 9 sprayed on sealant 11 for the necessary Ensures tightness of the molded housing 5 inwards and outwards.
- the lanyard are not shown for reasons of clarity.
- Per pole are two electrodes 13 each made of copper in the associated lower part 7 stored.
- the electrodes 13 are to be connected to an external one to be protected Circuit each provided with a connecting conductor 15, the side protrudes from the molded housing 5.
- the lower parts 7 are arranged transversely Partitions 17 divided into compressor rooms 19.
- the partition walls 17th are formed in one piece with the respective lower part 7.
- a connecting channel 21 is formed which, with the cover 9 removed is open at the top.
- Compressor rooms 17 are up to a certain height with liquid metal 3, e.g. filled with a GaInSn alloy.
- each lower part 7 has the same height Outer walls 23, 24 and partition walls 17. Thus each lower part is 7th both over its four outer walls 23, 24 and over the partition walls 17 tightly connected to the lid 9.
- the fill level of the liquid metal 3 and the fill level of the liquid metal 3, i.e. conductive cross section of the connecting channels 21 in an almost linear Context. 6 are partition walls 18 provided, the inner edges 26 of which extend in the manner of one another, that the connecting channels 22 formed in this way differ according to their widen open end considerably. This increases with the filling level of the liquid metal 3, the conductive cross section in the connecting channels 22 more than the increase in fill level.
- the invention can be designed in such a way that the electrodes at the shape of the lower parts can be molded into them at the same time. Furthermore, each in the lower parts, preferably in the lower area a reclosable filler opening for the liquid metal is provided be caused by the additional or excess amounts of liquid metal can be added or removed.
Landscapes
- Driving Mechanisms And Operating Circuits Of Arc-Extinguishing High-Tension Switches (AREA)
- Prevention Of Electric Corrosion (AREA)
- Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
- Fuses (AREA)
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine selbsterholende Strombegrenzungseinrichtung mit Flüssigmetall, die Elektroden aus Festmetall zum Anschließen an einen äußeren zu schützenden Stromkreis und mehrere mit Flüssigmetall teilweise aufgefüllte, zwischen den Elektroden hintereinander liegende Verdichterräume, die durch druckfeste Isolierkörper und durch isolierende Zwischenwände mit Verbindungskanälen gebildet werden, enthält.The invention relates to a self-recovering current limiting device Liquid metal, the electrodes made of solid metal for connection to an external one circuit to be protected and several circuits partially filled with liquid metal, compressor rooms located one behind the other between the electrodes, with pressure-resistant insulating bodies and insulating partition walls Connection channels are formed contains.
Aus der Druckschrift SU 922 911 A ist eine einpolige selbsterholende Strombegrenzungseinrichtung
bekannt, die zwei Elektroden aus Festmetall enthält,
die durch als druckfestes Isoliergehäuse ausgebildete erste Isolierkörper getrennt
sind. Innerhalb des Isoliergehäuses sind durch isolierende Zwischenwände
und dazwischen angeordnete zweite Isolierkörper, die als ringförmige
Dichtscheiben ausgeführt sind, mit Flüssigmetall teilweise aufgefüllte, hintereinander
liegende Verdichterräume ausgebildet, die untereinander über mit
Flüssigmetall ausgefüllte, außermittig angeordnete, kreisförmige Verbindungskanäle
der Zwischenwände verbunden sind. Damit besteht im Normalbetrieb
über das Flüssigmetall eine durchgehende innere leitende Verbindung zwischen
den Elektroden. Im Strombegrenzungsfall wird infolge der hohen Stromdichte
das Flüssigmetall aus den Verbindungskanälen verdrängt. Damit ist die
elektrische Verbindung der Elektroden über das Flüssigmetall unterbrochen,
was zur Begrenzung des Kurzschlussstromes führt. Nach Abschaltung oder
Beseitigung des Kurzschlusses füllen sich die Verbindungskanäle wieder mit
Flüssigmetall, worauf die Strombegrenzungseinrichtung erneut betriebsbereit
ist. Die Zwischenwände müssen dem Druckanstieg bei Verdampfung von
Flüssigmetall standhatten und bestehen aus hochwertigem keramischem Material
mit einer hohen Temperaturfestigkeit und einer gegenüber Lichtbogenwirkung
hohen Abbrandfestigkeit. In der Druckschrift DE 40 12 385 A1 wird
eine Strombegrenzungseinrichtung mit nur einem Verdichterraum beschrieben
und als Medium über dem Flüssigkeitsspiegel Vakuum, Schutzgas oder eine
isolierende Flüssigkeit erwähnt. Zur Verbesserung der Begrenzungseigenschaften
sind nach Druckschrift SU 1 076 981 A die Verbindungskanäle benachbarter
Zwischenwände gegeneinander versetzt angeordnet. Es ist nach
Druckschrift DE 26 52 506 A1 bekannt, bei Kontakteinrichtungen Gallium-Legierungen,
insbesondere GaInSn-Legierungen zu verwenden.From the publication SU 922 911 A is a single-pole self-recovering current limiting device
known, which contains two electrodes made of solid metal,
separated by the first insulating body designed as a pressure-resistant insulating housing
are. Inside the insulating housing are through insulating partitions
and interposed second insulating body, which as an annular
Sealing disks are designed, one after the other, partially filled with liquid metal
lying compressor rooms formed with each other with
Liquid metal filled, eccentric circular connection channels
the partitions are connected. So there is in normal operation
a continuous internal conductive connection between the liquid metal
the electrodes. In the current limitation case, due to the high current density
displaces the liquid metal from the connecting channels. So that's it
electrical connection of the electrodes interrupted via the liquid metal,
which leads to the limitation of the short-circuit current. After shutdown or
Eliminating the short circuit, the connection channels fill up again
Liquid metal, whereupon the current limiting device is ready for operation again
is. The partition walls have to cope with the increase in pressure when vaporization occurs
Liquid metal had and are made of high quality ceramic material
with a high temperature resistance and an arcing effect
high erosion resistance. In the document DE 40 12 385 A1
described a current limiting device with only one compressor chamber
and as a medium above the liquid level vacuum, protective gas or a
insulating liquid mentioned. To improve the boundary properties
according to
Die bekannten Strombegrenzungseinrichtungen sind mit stromleitenden Verbindungskanälen kreisförmigen Querschnitts ausgestattet. Der einmal vorgegebene, nicht veränderbare Öffnungsquerschnitt der Verbindungskanäle bestimmt im wesentlichen Maße die Nennstromtragfähigkeit der Strombegrenzungseinrichtung. Somit ist eine Strombegrenzungseinrichtung ab Werk nur für einen einzigen Nennstrombereich tauglich. Anwenderseitig besteht keine Möglichkeit, die Strombegrenzungseinrichtung für einen höheren oder niedrigeren Nennstrombereich umzustellen. Bei den bekannten Strombegrenzungseinrichtungen treten außerdem Probleme an den Dichtfugen zwischen den verbundenen Isolierkörpern auf. Die Kriechfähigkeit von Flüssigmetalten stellt an die Dichtigkeit der Strombegrenzungseinrichtungen hohe Anforderungen. Weiterhin sind die bekannten Strombegrenzungseinrichtungen durch einen teileintensiven Aufbau und einen hohen Montageaufwand gekennzeichnet.The known current limiting devices are with current-conducting connection channels circular cross-section. The once specified determined unchangeable opening cross-section of the connecting channels essentially the nominal current carrying capacity of the current limiting device. Thus, a current limiting device is only ex works suitable for a single nominal current range. There is no user Possibility to use the current limiting device for a higher or lower To convert the nominal current range. In the known current limiting devices Problems also occur at the sealing joints between the connected insulating bodies. The creeping ability of liquid metals high demands on the tightness of the current limiting devices. Furthermore, the known current limiting devices by a partially intensive construction and a high installation effort.
Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Strombegrenzungseinrichtung anzugeben, die kostengünstig herzustellen und mit einfachen Mitteln auf einen gewünschten Nennstrombereich eingestellt werden kann. The invention is therefore based on the object of a current limiting device specify the inexpensive to manufacture and with simple means can be set to a desired nominal current range.
Ausgehend von einer Strombegrenzungseinrichtung der eingangs genannten Art wird die Aufgabe erfindungsgemäß durch die kennzeichnenden Merkmale des unabhängigen Anspruches gelöst, während den abhängigen Ansprüchen vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung zu entnehmen sind.Starting from a current limiting device of the type mentioned According to the invention, the task is characterized by the characterizing features of the independent claim solved, while the dependent claims advantageous developments of the invention can be found.
Die erfindungsgemäße Strombegrenzungseinrichtung erfordert nur noch wenige Teile, nämlich zwei Elektroden, ein als Isolierkörper dienendes zweiteiliges Formgehäuse sowie an sich bekannte Mittel zum Verbinden von Unterteil und Deckel, wie Schraub-, Klemm-, Kleb-, Schweiß- oder Pressverbindungen. Damit wird gleichermaßen der Aufwand zur Bereitstellung, zur Montage und zum Abdichten der verbliebenen Teile erheblich reduziert. Das Kriechen von Flüssigmetall stellt kein Problem mehr dar. Deckel und Unterteil einschließlich Zwischenwände bestehen aus hitzebeständigem Material, beispielsweise hitzefestem Thermo- oder Duroplast, Glimmer oder Keramik. Die nach oben offenen, als Langlöcher ausgebildeten Verbindungskanäle erlauben eine problemlose Entformung des Unterteils aus dem Formwerkzeug. Durch Einfüllen einer bestimmten Menge Flüssigmetall wird in der horizontalen Gebrauchslage der Strombegrenzungseinrichtung ein bestimmter Teilquerschnitt der ausgefüllten Verbindungskanäle als stromleitender Querschnitt und damit der Nennstrombereich festgelegt. Die Nennstromtragfähigkeit steigt mit der Füllhöhe. Die Füllhöhe kann hersteller- oder anwenderseitig bestimmt, angepasst oder verändert werden. Das gestattet eine optimale Anpassung an Gegebenheiten der zu schützenden Anlagen mit eine minimalen Anzahl von Baugrößen einer Typenreihe von Strombegrenzungseinrichtungen.The current limiting device according to the invention requires only a few Parts, namely two electrodes, a two-part serving as an insulating body Molded housing and means known per se for connecting the lower part and covers, such as screw, clamp, adhesive, welded or press connections. This means that the effort for provision, assembly and considerably reduced for sealing the remaining parts. The creep of Liquid metal is no longer a problem. Lid and base included Partitions are made of heat-resistant material, for example heat-resistant Thermoplastic or thermoset, mica or ceramic. The open to the top, Connection channels designed as elongated holes allow problem-free Demoulding of the lower part from the mold. By filling A certain amount of liquid metal is used in the horizontal position the current limiting device a certain partial cross section of the filled Connection channels as a current-conducting cross-section and thus the nominal current range established. The nominal current carrying capacity increases with the level. The fill level can be determined, adjusted or by the manufacturer or user to be changed. This allows an optimal adaptation to circumstances of the systems to be protected with a minimum number of sizes one Type range of current limiting devices.
Die wechselnd versetzte Anordnung der jeweils einem der Zwischenwände zugeordneten Verbindungskanäle führt zu einem mäanderförmigen Strompfad und zu einer Lichtbogenlängung im Strombegrenzungsfall.The alternating staggered arrangement of each of the partitions assigned connection channels leads to a meandering current path and to an arc elongation in the event of a current limitation.
Es dient der mechanischen Stabilität, wenn sowohl die Außenwände als auch die Zwischenwände dicht mit dem Deckel verbunden sind, in vorteilhafter Weise bei gleichen Wandhöhen. Es empfiehlt sich die Verwendung von Dichtmitteln, die vorzugsweise als gespritzte oder geformte Dichtung bzw. Dichtungen ausgeführt sein können.It serves for mechanical stability when both the outer walls as well the partitions are tightly connected to the lid, advantageously with the same wall heights. It is recommended to use sealants, preferably as a molded or molded seal or seals can be executed.
Um eine leichte Entformbarkeit des Unterteil aus dem Formwerkzeug zu gewährleisten, ist es zweckmäßig, die entsprechenden Kanten und Wandflächen leicht schräg zu stellen.To ensure that the lower part can be easily removed from the mold, it is appropriate to have the appropriate edges and wall surfaces slightly inclined.
Bei Verbindungskanälen mit der üblichen Langlochform besteht eine lineare Abhängigkeit zwischen Füllhöhe der Flüssigmetall und stromleitendem Querschnitt. Dagegen ist diese Abhängigkeit bei einer sich deutlich nach oben konisch weitenden Langlochform progressiv, was für eine deutliche Ausweitung der Nennstrombereiche genutzt werden kann.There is a linear connection channel with the usual elongated hole shape Dependence between the level of the liquid metal and the current-carrying cross section. On the other hand, this dependency is conical with a clearly upward widening elongated hole shape progressively, what a significant expansion the nominal current ranges can be used.
Die Elektroden lassen sich ein einfacher Weise mit an sich bekannten Mitteln im Unterteil lagern und mit der Montage des Deckels festlegen. Es verringert den Montageaufwand, wenn die Elektroden im Unterteil fixiert sind, vorzugsweise gleichzeitig mit dem Formgebungsprozess des Unterteils. Eine vollflächige Abdeckung der entsprechenden Innenflächen durch die Elektroden erleichtert deren Fixierung und dient der Stabilität der Strombegrenzungseinrichtung.The electrodes can be easily removed using means known per se Store in the lower part and fix with the assembly of the cover. It diminishes the assembly effort when the electrodes are fixed in the lower part, preferably simultaneously with the shaping process of the lower part. A full area Covering the corresponding inner surfaces by the electrodes facilitated their fixation and serves the stability of the current limiting device.
Eine wieder verschließbare Einfüllöffnung an geeigneter Stelle des Formgehäuses ermöglicht es in einfacher Weise, die Strombegrenzungseinrichtung werks- oder kundenseitig mit Flüssigmetall zu füllen, umzufüllen oder bezüglich ihrer Füllhöhe an den erforderlichen Nennstrombereich anzupassen. GalnSn-Legierungen als zu verwendendes Flüssigmetall sind einfach zu handhaben durch ihre physiologische Unbedenklichkeit. Eine Legierung aus 660 Gewichtsanteilen Gallium, 205 Gewichtsanteilen Indium und 135 Gewichtsanteilen Zinn ist bei Normaldruck von 10°C bis 2000°C flüssig und besitzt eine ausreichende elektrische Leitfähigkeit.A reclosable filling opening at a suitable point on the molded housing enables the current limiting device in a simple manner to be filled, refilled or filled with liquid metal at the factory or by the customer adjust their fill level to the required nominal current range. GalnSn alloys are easy to use as the liquid metal handle due to their physiological safety. An alloy of 660 parts by weight of gallium, 205 parts by weight of indium and 135 parts by weight Tin is liquid at normal pressure from 10 ° C to 2000 ° C and has adequate electrical conductivity.
Die vorstehend als einpolige Einrichtung beschriebene Strombegrenzungseinrichtung lässt sich vorteilhaft durch Nebeneinanderreihen gleichartiger Strombegrenzungseinrichtungen zu einer mehrpoligen Einrichtung erweitern. Eine derartige mehrpolige Strombegrenzungseinrichtung verfügt zweckmäßigerweise über ein gemeinsames Unterteil mit voneinander entsprechend der Polzahl voneinander isolierten Strombahnen und bzw. oder über einen gemeinsamen Deckel.The current limiting device described above as a single-pole device can advantageously be arranged side by side of the same type of current limiting devices expand to a multi-pole device. A such a multi-pole current limiting device expediently has over a common lower part with each other according to the number of poles current paths isolated from one another and / or via a common one Cover.
Weitere Einzelheiten und Vorteile der Erfindung ergeben sich aus dem folgenden, anhand von Figuren erläuterten Ausführungsbeispiel. Es zeigen
- Figur 1:
- eine perspektivische, teilweise auseinandergezogene Darstellung einer erfindungsgemäßen Strombegrenzungseinrichtung;
- Figur 2:
- die Draufsicht der Strombegrenzungseinrichtung nach Fig. 1 bei entferntem Deckel;
- Figur 3:
- den Längsschnitt A-A nach Fig. 2;
- Figur 4:
- den Querschnitt B-B nach Fig. 2;
- Figur 5:
- den gegenüber letzterem versetzten Querschnitt C-C nach Fig. 2;
- Figur 6:
- den Querschnitt B-B nach Fig. 2 für eine Ausführungsvariante der Strombegrenzungseinrichtung nach Fig. 1.
- Figure 1:
- a perspective, partially exploded view of a current limiting device according to the invention;
- Figure 2:
- the top view of the current limiting device of Figure 1 with the cover removed.
- Figure 3:
- the longitudinal section AA of FIG. 2;
- Figure 4:
- the cross section BB of FIG. 2;
- Figure 5:
- the offset CC in relation to the latter according to FIG. 2;
- Figure 6:
- 2 shows the cross section BB according to FIG. 2 for an embodiment variant of the current limiting device according to FIG. 1.
Die selbsterholende Strombegrenzungseinrichtung 1 mit Flüssigmetall 3 nach
Fig. 1 bis 5 ist dreipolig ausgeführt und dient zum Schutz einer Drehstromanlage.
Die Strombegrenzungseinrichtung 1 wird von einem als Formgehäuse 5
ausgebildeten Isolierkörper umschlossen. Das Formgehäuse 5 besteht aus
drei gleichen, dicht nebeneinander angeordneten wannenartigen Unterteilen 7
und einem gemeinsamen Deckel 9. Die Unterteile 7 werden im zusammengebauten
Zustand von dem Deckel 9 über kraft- und/oder formschlüssige Verbindungsmittel,
beispielsweise übergreifende Spannmittel in Form von Spannschienen,
Spannschrauben und Spannmuttern, verschlossen, wobei ein auf
der Unterseite des Deckels 9 aufgespritztes Dichtmittel 11 für die notwendige
Dichtheit des Formgehäuses 5 nach innen und außen sorgt. Die Verbindungsmittel
sind aus Gründen der Übersichtlichkeit nicht dargestellt. Pro Pol
sind jeweils zwei Elektroden 13 aus Kupfer in dem zugehörigen Unterteil 7
gelagert. Die Elektroden 13 sind zum Anschließen an einen äußeren zu schützenden
Stromkreis jeweils mit einem Anschlussleiter 15 versehen, der seitlich
aus dem Formgehäuse 5 ragt. Die Unterteile 7 sind durch quer angeordnete
Zwischenwände 17 in Verdichterräume 19 unterteilt. Die Zwischenwände 17
sind einteilig mit dem jeweiligen Unterteil 7 ausgeformt. In jeder Zwischenwand
17 ist ein Verbindungskanal 21 ausgebildet, der bei entferntem Deckel 9
nach oben offen ist. Die in jeweils einem Unterteil 7 hintereinander liegenden
Verdichterräume 17 sind bis zu einer gewissen Höhe mit Flüssigmetall 3, z.B.
einer GaInSn-Legierung aufgefüllt. Je nach Füllhöhe des Flüssigmetalls 3 sind
auch die Verbindungskanäle 21 zu einem gewissen Teil ausgefüllt, so dass
unter Nennstrombedingungen über das Flüssigmetall 3 ein durchgehender
Strompfad zwischen den Elektroden 13 besteht. Der für den Nennstrombereich
entscheidende, vom Flüssigmetall 3 erfüllte Querschnitt wird durch die
Füllhöhe des Flüssigmetalls 3 bestimmt. Die Verbindungskanäle 21 benachbarter
Zwischenwände 17 sind zueinander versetzt angeordnet, so dass sich
ein mäanderförmiger Strompfad ergibt. Die Unterteile 7 weisen gleichhohe
Außenwände 23, 24 und Zwischenwände 17 auf. Somit ist jedes Unterteil 7
sowohl über seine vier Außenwände 23, 24 als auch über die Zwischenwände
17 mit dem Deckel 9 dicht verbunden.The self-recovering current limiting
Damit die Unterteile 7 nach ihrer formgebenden Bearbeitung leicht aus ihrem
Formwerkzeug entfernt werden können, sind die Zwischenwände 17 und die
Außenwände 23, 24 entsprechend gestaltet. Danach sind die Innenkanten 25
der Verbindungskanäle 21 leicht schräg nach außen und die Wandflächen 27
der Zwischenwände 17 leicht schräg zum Inneren der Zwischenwände 17 gestellt.
Außerdem weisen die Außenwände 23 und 24 leicht nach außen gestellte
Innenflächen 29 bzw. 30 auf. Die gegenüberliegenden Innenflächen 30
werden von den Elektroden 13 vollständig abgedeckt. So that the
Bei der mittels Fig. 1 bis 5 beschriebenen Strombegrenzungseinrichtung 1
stehen die Füllhöhe des Flüssigmetalls 3 und der vom Flüssigmetall 3 erfüllte,
d.h. leitende Querschnitt der Verbindungskanäle 21 in einem nahezu linearen
Zusammenhang. Bei der Ausführungsvariante nach Fig. 6 sind Zwischenwände
18 vorgesehen, deren Innenkanten 26 in der Weise zueinander verlaufen,
dass sich die dadurch gebildeten Verbindungskanäle 22 nach ihrem
offenen Ende hin erheblich aufweiten. Dadurch nimmt bei steigender Füllhöhe
des Flüssigmetalls 3 der leitende Querschnitt in den Verbindungskanälen 22
stärker zu als der Anstieg der Füllhöhe.In the current limiting
Die Erfindung lässt sich dahingehend ausgestalten, dass die Elektroden bei der Formgebung der Unterteile gleichzeitig mit in diesen eingeformt werden. Weiterhin kann in den Unterteilen, vorzugsweise im unteren Bereich, jeweils eine wieder verschließbare Einfüllöffnung für das Flüssigmetall vorgesehen werden, durch die ebenso zusätzliche oder überschüssige Mengen von Flüssigmetall hinzugefügt bzw. entfernt werden können.The invention can be designed in such a way that the electrodes at the shape of the lower parts can be molded into them at the same time. Furthermore, each in the lower parts, preferably in the lower area a reclosable filler opening for the liquid metal is provided be caused by the additional or excess amounts of liquid metal can be added or removed.
Claims (16)
- Self-recovering current-limiting device with liquid metal, comprisingelectrodes (13) of solid metal for connecting to an external circuit to be protected anda number of compression spaces (19) which are partially filled with liquid metal (3) and lie one behind the other between the electrodes (13),which compression spaces are formed by pressure-resistant insulating bodies and by insulating partitioning walls (17; 18) with connecting channels (21; 22),an enclosing shaped insulating housing (5) comprises a trough-shaped lower part (7) and a cover (9) tightly closing the said lower part by nonpositive and or positive connecting means,the partitioning walls (17; 18) are connected to the lower part (7) as one piece,the connecting channels (21; 22) are formed as longitudinal holes which are open at the top andthe electrodes (13) are mounted in the lower part (7).
- Self-recovering current-limiting device according to Claim 1, characterized in that each partitioning wall (17; 18) is respectively assigned a connecting channel (21; 22) and the connecting channels (21; 22) of adjacent partitioning walls (17; 18) are arranged laterally offset in relation to one another.
- Self-recovering current-limiting device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the lower part (7) is tightly connected to the cover (9) both by its outer walls (23; 24) and by the partitioning walls (17; 18).
- Self-recovering current-limiting device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by outer walls (23; 24) and partitioning walls (17; 18) of the same height.
- Self-recovering current-limiting device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the lower part (7) and the cover (9) are connected by sealing means (11).
- Self-recovering current-limiting device according to one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized by inner edges (25) of the connecting channels (21) slightly slanted outwards.
- Self-recovering current-limiting device according to one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized by inner edges (26) of the connecting channels (22) substantially widening upwards.
- Self-recovering current-limiting device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by wall surfaces (27) of the partitioning walls (17; 18) slightly slanted inwards.
- Self-recovering current-limiting device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by inner surfaces (29; 30) of the outer walls (23; 24) slightly slanted outwards.
- Self-recovering current-limiting device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the electrodes (13) are fixed in the lower part (7) and reach outwards with a connecting conductor (15) in each case.
- Self-recovering current-limiting device according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the lower part is formed around at least the connecting conductors of the electrodes.
- Self-recovering current-limiting device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the electrodes (13) completely cover the corresponding opposite inner surfaces (30) of the lower part (7).
- Self-recovering current-limiting device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by a closable filling opening in the shaped housing.
- Self-recovering current-limiting device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by a GaInSn alloy as the liquid metal (3).
- Self-recovering current-limiting device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by a number of laterally connected identical poles.
- Self-recovering current-limiting device according to the preceding claim, characterized by a common lower part (7) and/or a common cover (9).
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19927065A DE19927065A1 (en) | 1999-06-15 | 1999-06-15 | Self-recovering current limiting device with liquid metal |
DE19927065 | 1999-06-15 | ||
PCT/EP2000/004818 WO2000077811A1 (en) | 1999-06-15 | 2000-05-26 | Self-recovering current-limiting device containing liquid metal |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1190429A1 EP1190429A1 (en) | 2002-03-27 |
EP1190429B1 true EP1190429B1 (en) | 2004-06-23 |
Family
ID=7911174
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP00929559A Expired - Lifetime EP1190429B1 (en) | 1999-06-15 | 2000-05-26 | Self-recovering current-limiting device containing liquid metal |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6603384B1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1190429B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP3643077B2 (en) |
DE (2) | DE19927065A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2000077811A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2005006368A1 (en) | 2003-07-10 | 2005-01-20 | Abb Research Ltd | Method and device for power braking with a fluid-operated liquid metal current switch |
DE602005011021D1 (en) * | 2004-08-30 | 2008-12-24 | Kyushu Inst Of Technology Kita | SELF-REGENERATIVE CURRENT LIMITATION PROTECTION USING A DIELECTROPHORETIC FORCE |
WO2009055763A2 (en) * | 2007-10-26 | 2009-04-30 | Kowalik Daniel P | Micro-fluidic bubble fuse |
JP5050265B2 (en) * | 2007-11-09 | 2012-10-17 | 国立大学法人九州工業大学 | Self-healing current limiting fuse |
US8953314B1 (en) * | 2010-08-09 | 2015-02-10 | Georgia Tech Research Corporation | Passive heat sink for dynamic thermal management of hot spots |
CN107248729B (en) * | 2017-06-30 | 2019-01-04 | 国网陕西省电力公司电力科学研究院 | A kind of liquid metal current-limiting apparatus and method |
CN108963998B (en) * | 2018-06-05 | 2022-04-15 | 中国电力科学研究院有限公司 | Rotary liquid metal current limiter |
Family Cites Families (20)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1595061A (en) * | 1922-10-17 | 1926-08-03 | Valerius Johann | Electric cut-out |
US3249722A (en) * | 1963-09-24 | 1966-05-03 | Jr John E Lindberg | Electrical relay employing liquid metal in a capillary tube that is wet by the liquid metal |
US3331937A (en) * | 1965-03-01 | 1967-07-18 | Gen Electric | Liquid metal switch |
US3381248A (en) * | 1965-10-23 | 1968-04-30 | Harold P. Furth | Magnetic pressure liquid circuit breaker |
FR1503721A (en) * | 1966-10-11 | 1967-12-01 | Centre Nat Rech Scient | Improvements to electrical switches for intense currents |
US3389360A (en) * | 1967-04-19 | 1968-06-18 | Gen Electric | Change of state current limiter having flat plate construction |
US3389359A (en) * | 1967-04-19 | 1968-06-18 | Gen Electric | Change of state current limiter devices with stacked segment construction |
DE1788143B1 (en) * | 1967-04-19 | 1972-12-21 | Gen Electric | Current limiting device |
US3699489A (en) * | 1970-03-28 | 1972-10-17 | Tokyo Shibaura Electric Co | Current limiting device |
US3838373A (en) * | 1970-12-25 | 1974-09-24 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Self-recovering current limiter |
DE2652506A1 (en) * | 1976-11-18 | 1978-05-24 | Gec Elliott Automation Ltd | Heavy current switchgear with several moving contacts - has at least one solid contact wetted on surface with liq. gallium or its alloy |
GB2036443B (en) * | 1978-11-21 | 1983-04-13 | Gec Elliott Automation Ltd | Liquidi-metal switch |
SU922911A1 (en) * | 1980-05-05 | 1982-04-23 | Kb Polt Inst Kujbysheva | Current limiter |
SU1045296A2 (en) * | 1980-12-30 | 1983-09-30 | Предприятие П/Я В-8574 | Selector switch |
US4429295A (en) * | 1981-11-13 | 1984-01-31 | Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. | Variable impedance current limiting device |
SU1076981A1 (en) * | 1982-07-29 | 1984-02-29 | Куйбышевский ордена Трудового Красного Знамени политехнический институт им.В.В.Куйбышева | Current-limiting circuit breaker |
US4510356A (en) * | 1983-09-30 | 1985-04-09 | Malm John A | Liquid metal switch apparatus |
DD282778A5 (en) | 1989-04-26 | 1990-09-19 | Karl Marx Stadt Tech Hochschul | POWER-CONTROLLED SHUT-OFF DEVICE |
US5581192A (en) * | 1994-12-06 | 1996-12-03 | Eaton Corporation | Conductive liquid compositions and electrical circuit protection devices comprising conductive liquid compositions |
US5471185A (en) * | 1994-12-06 | 1995-11-28 | Eaton Corporation | Electrical circuit protection devices comprising conductive liquid compositions |
-
1999
- 1999-06-15 DE DE19927065A patent/DE19927065A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2000
- 2000-05-16 US US10/009,719 patent/US6603384B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-05-26 EP EP00929559A patent/EP1190429B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-05-26 JP JP2001503195A patent/JP3643077B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-05-26 WO PCT/EP2000/004818 patent/WO2000077811A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2000-05-26 DE DE50006892T patent/DE50006892D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2000077811A1 (en) | 2000-12-21 |
DE19927065A1 (en) | 2000-12-21 |
JP2003502797A (en) | 2003-01-21 |
EP1190429A1 (en) | 2002-03-27 |
DE50006892D1 (en) | 2004-07-29 |
JP3643077B2 (en) | 2005-04-27 |
US6603384B1 (en) | 2003-08-05 |
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