WO2000046828A1 - Self-recovering current-limiting device with liquid metal - Google Patents

Self-recovering current-limiting device with liquid metal Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2000046828A1
WO2000046828A1 PCT/EP2000/000478 EP0000478W WO0046828A1 WO 2000046828 A1 WO2000046828 A1 WO 2000046828A1 EP 0000478 W EP0000478 W EP 0000478W WO 0046828 A1 WO0046828 A1 WO 0046828A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
limiting device
current limiting
liquid metal
connecting channels
current
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2000/000478
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Wolfgang Kremers
Frank Berger
Andreas Krätzschmar
Original Assignee
Moeller Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Moeller Gmbh filed Critical Moeller Gmbh
Publication of WO2000046828A1 publication Critical patent/WO2000046828A1/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H87/00—Protective devices in which a current flowing through a liquid or solid is interrupted by the evaporation of the liquid or by the melting and evaporation of the solid when the current becomes excessive, the circuit continuity being reestablished on cooling

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a self-recovering current limiting device with liquid metal according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • a current limiting device is known from the publication SU 922 911 A, which contains electrodes made of solid metal, which are separated by first insulating bodies designed as pressure-resistant insulating housings. Inside the insulating housing, insulated intermediate walls and second insulating bodies arranged between them, which are designed as ring-shaped sealing disks, form compressor chambers which are partially filled with liquid metal and which are connected to one another via eccentrically arranged connecting channels of the intermediate walls filled with liquid metal. In normal operation, there is therefore a continuous internal conductive connection between the electrodes via the liquid metal. In the event of a current limitation, the liquid metal is displaced from the connecting channels due to the high current density. The electrical connection of the electrodes via the liquid metal is thus interrupted, which leads to the limitation of the short-circuit current.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of improving the current limiting behavior of a current limiting device, in particular with regard to its current limiting factor and its response time.
  • the intermediate walls can consist entirely of the material which exudes the gaseous substance. However, it can also be expedient to design only the area of the connecting channels in this material, in particular by means of recessed bushings made of this material.
  • the material can be a subliming material, that is, part of the solid material changes directly into the gaseous state under the action of heat.
  • a suitable plastic for example Teflon or a thermoset with regard to its other properties, or hard tissue, can be used as the material.
  • GalnSn alloys are easy to handle due to their physiological harmlessness.
  • An alloy of 660 parts by weight gallium, 205 parts by weight indium and 135 parts by weight tin is liquid at normal pressure from 10 ° C to 2000 ° C and has sufficient electrical conductivity.
  • a current limiting device according to the invention is shown in longitudinal section in the associated single FIG. 1. Best way to carry out the invention
  • the current limiting device 10 contains on both sides an electrode 1 made of solid metal, preferably copper, which is rotationally symmetrical and merges into an outer connecting conductor 2. Between the electrodes 1 there are several compression spaces 4, which are formed by a corresponding number of annular sealing disks 11 and insulating partition walls 12. The electrodes 1, the sealing disks 11 and the intermediate walls 12 are held by a molded housing 5, whereby known means are provided for sealing the compression spaces 4 and for non-positively connecting the elements 1, 11 and 12 stored in the molded housing 5, but for reasons of clarity are not shown.
  • the means for sealing can be, for example, sealing rings between the sealing disks 11 and the intermediate walls 12 or electrodes 1.
  • the means for non-positive connection are continuous, for example
  • the two outer compressor chambers 4 are laterally delimited by one of the electrodes 1 and by an intermediate wall 12.
  • the inner compression spaces 4 are laterally delimited by two intermediate walls 12.
  • the generally multi-part molded housing 5 and the sealing disks 11 are pressure-resistant first and second insulating bodies. All the compressor rooms 4 are partially filled with a liquid metal 7, for example a GalnSn alloy.
  • the intermediate walls 12 are provided below the liquid level 9 with connecting channels 8.
  • the connecting channels 8 are also filled with liquid metal 7, so that there is a continuous electrically conductive connection between the electrodes 1.
  • the connecting channels 8 of adjacent partition walls 12 can advantageously be offset by a certain angular amount in order to prevent a continuous arc in the event of a current limitation.
  • the intermediate walls 12 consist of a dimensionally stable material, for example Teflon.
  • Teflon a dimensionally stable material

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  • Fuses (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a self-recovering current-limiting device with liquid metal. The device contains electrodes (1) and several compressor chambers (4) which are partially filled with liquid metal (7) and which are arranged one behind the other. Said compressor chambers are formed by pressure-resistant insulating bodies (5; 11) and the insulating intermediate walls (12) which are held in place by said insulating bodies and which have connecting channels (8). Said intermediate walls (12) consist of a material which releases a gaseous substance into the connecting channels (8) as a result of the heat which is produced in the event of a short circuit.

Description

B e s c h r e i b u n g Description
Selbsterholende Strombegrenzungseinrichtung mit FlüssigmetallSelf-recovering current limiting device with liquid metal
Technisches GebietTechnical field
Die Erfindung betrifft eine selbsterholende Strombegrenzungseinrichtung mit Flüssigmetall nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruches 1.The invention relates to a self-recovering current limiting device with liquid metal according to the preamble of claim 1.
Stand der TechnikState of the art
Aus der Druckschrift SU 922 911 A ist eine Strombegrenzungseinrichtung bekannt, die Elektroden aus Festmetall enthält, die durch als druckfestes Isoliergehäuse ausgebildete erste Isolierkörper getrennt sind. Innerhalb des Isoliergehäuses sind durch isolierende Zwischenwände und dazwischen angeordnete zweite Isolierkörper, die als ringförmige Dichtscheiben ausgeführt sind, mit Flüssigmetall teilweise aufgefüllte, hintereinander liegende Verdichterräume ausgebildet, die untereinander über mit Flüssigmetall ausgefüllte, außermittig angeordnete Verbindungskanäle der Zwischenwände verbunden sind. Damit besteht im Normalbetrieb über das Flüssigmetall eine durchgehende innere leitende Verbindung zwischen den Elektroden. Im Strombegren- zungsfall wird infolge der hohen Stromdichte das Flüssigmetall aus den Verbindungskanälen verdrängt. Damit ist die elektrische Verbindung der Elektroden über das Flüssigmetall unterbrochen, was zur Begrenzung des Kurzschlußstromes führt. Nach Abschaltung oder Beseitigung des Kurzschlusses füllen sich die Verbindungskanäle wieder mit Flüssigmetall, worauf die Strom- begrenzungseinrichtung erneut betriebsbereit ist. In der Druckschrift DE 40 12 385 A1 wird eine Strombegrenzungseinrichtung mit nur einem Verdichterraum beschrieben und als Medium über dem Flüssigkeitsspiegel Vakuum, Schutzgas oder eine isolierende Flüssigkeit erwähnt. Es ist nach Druckschrift DE 26 52 506 A1 bekannt, bei Kontakteinrichtungen Gallium-Legierungen, insbesondere GalnSn-Legierungen zu verwenden.A current limiting device is known from the publication SU 922 911 A, which contains electrodes made of solid metal, which are separated by first insulating bodies designed as pressure-resistant insulating housings. Inside the insulating housing, insulated intermediate walls and second insulating bodies arranged between them, which are designed as ring-shaped sealing disks, form compressor chambers which are partially filled with liquid metal and which are connected to one another via eccentrically arranged connecting channels of the intermediate walls filled with liquid metal. In normal operation, there is therefore a continuous internal conductive connection between the electrodes via the liquid metal. In the event of a current limitation, the liquid metal is displaced from the connecting channels due to the high current density. The electrical connection of the electrodes via the liquid metal is thus interrupted, which leads to the limitation of the short-circuit current. After the short circuit has been switched off or eliminated, the connecting channels fill again with liquid metal, whereupon the current limiting device is ready for operation again. In the document DE 40 12 385 A1, a current limiting device with only one compressor chamber is described and vacuum, protective gas or an insulating liquid is mentioned as the medium above the liquid level. It is according to document DE 26 52 506 A1 known to use gallium alloys, in particular GalnSn alloys, in contact devices.
Bei Strombegrenzungseinrichtungen mit mehreren Verdichterräumen wird in- folge der hintereinander liegenden Verbindungskanäle beim Auftreten eines Kurzschlusses durch die Anzahl der strombegrenzenden Teillichtbögen ein entsprechend hoher Spannungsabfall aufgebaut, der schließlich zur Unterbrechung des Kurzschlußstromes führt. Die bekannten Strombegrenzungseinrichtungen weisen allerdings einen zu hohen Strombegrenzungsfaktor, das heißt ein zu hohes Verhältnis zwischen Durchlaßstrom und zu begrenzendem Kurzschlußstrom, auf.In the case of current limiting devices with a plurality of compressor rooms, as a result of the connection channels lying one behind the other, a correspondingly high voltage drop is built up when a short circuit occurs due to the number of current-limiting partial arcs, which ultimately leads to an interruption of the short-circuit current. However, the known current limiting devices have an excessively high current limiting factor, that is to say an excessively high ratio between the forward current and the short-circuit current to be limited.
Darstellung der ErfindungPresentation of the invention
Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, das Strombegrenzungsverhalten einer Strombegrenzungseinrichtung, insbesondere hinsichtlich ihres Strombegrenzungsfaktors und ihrer Ansprechzeit, zu verbessern.The invention is therefore based on the object of improving the current limiting behavior of a current limiting device, in particular with regard to its current limiting factor and its response time.
Ausgehend von einer Strombegrenzungseinrichtung der eingangs genannten Art wird die Aufgabe erfindungsgemäß durch die kennzeichnenden Merkmale des unabhängigen Anspruches gelöst, während den abhängigen Ansprüchen vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung zu entnehmen sind.Starting from a current limiting device of the type mentioned at the outset, the object is achieved according to the invention by the characterizing features of the independent claim, while advantageous developments of the invention can be found in the dependent claims.
Durch die vorgeschlagenen Mittel werden gegenüber den bekannten Strombegrenzungseinrichtungen allein unter der Einwirkung eines Kurzschlußstromes die Lichtbogenzündung und damit der Beginn der Strombegrenzung sowohl zeitlich als auch in Abhängigkeit von der Höhe des Kurzschlußstromes vorverlegt.By means of the proposed means, compared to the known current limiting devices, only the action of a short-circuit current causes the arc ignition and thus the start of the current limitation to be brought forward both in time and as a function of the level of the short-circuit current.
Durch einen äußeren Kurzschlußstrom wird der Bereich jedes Verbindungskanals durch die Stromengestelle sehr stark erwärmt. Unter der Hitzeeinwirkung kommt es zu einem schnellen Ausscheiden einer gasförmigen Substanz aus dem dem Verbindungskanal nahen Bereich des Materials in den Verbindungskanal. Dabei bilden sich im Verbindungskanal Gasblasen, welche zur Einengung des leitfähigen Querschnitts führen. Dieser Prozeß entwickelt sich lawinenartig, da der verengte Querschnitt zu einer noch stärkeren Erwärmung führt, bis schließlich das Flüssigmetall selbst verdampft und ein elektrischer Lichtbogen gezündet wird.An external short-circuit current heats the area of each connecting channel very strongly through the current frames. A gaseous substance is rapidly excreted under the influence of heat the area of the material close to the connecting channel into the connecting channel. Gas bubbles form in the connecting channel, which lead to the narrowing of the conductive cross section. This process develops like an avalanche, since the narrowed cross section leads to even greater heating, until finally the liquid metal itself evaporates and an electric arc is ignited.
Die Zwischenwände können im Ganzen aus dem die gasförmige Substanz ausscheidenden Material bestehen. Es kann allerdings auch zweckmäßig sein, lediglich den Bereich der Verbindungskanäle in diesem Material auszuführen, insbesondere durch eingelassene Buchsen aus diesem Material.The intermediate walls can consist entirely of the material which exudes the gaseous substance. However, it can also be expedient to design only the area of the connecting channels in this material, in particular by means of recessed bushings made of this material.
Das Material kann ein sublimierendes Material sein, das heißt, unter Hitzeeinwirkung geht ein Teil des festen Materials direkt in den gasförmigen Zustand über. Als Material kann ein geeigneter Kunststoff, beispielsweise Teflon oder ein hinsichtlich seiner anderen Eigenschaften temperaturfester Duroplast, oder Hartgewebe verwendet werden.The material can be a subliming material, that is, part of the solid material changes directly into the gaseous state under the action of heat. A suitable plastic, for example Teflon or a thermoset with regard to its other properties, or hard tissue, can be used as the material.
Mit Vorteil ist als Flüssigmetall eine Gallium-Legierung zu verwenden. Insbe- sondere GalnSn-Legierungen sind einfach zu handhaben durch ihre physiologische Unbedenklichkeit. Eine Legierung aus 660 Gewichtsanteilen Gallium, 205 Gewichtsanteilen Indium und 135 Gewichtsanteilen Zinn ist bei Normaldruck von 10°C bis 2000°C flüssig und besitzt eine ausreichende elektrische Leitfähigkeit.It is advantageous to use a gallium alloy as the liquid metal. In particular, GalnSn alloys are easy to handle due to their physiological harmlessness. An alloy of 660 parts by weight gallium, 205 parts by weight indium and 135 parts by weight tin is liquid at normal pressure from 10 ° C to 2000 ° C and has sufficient electrical conductivity.
Kurze Beschreibung der ZeichnungenBrief description of the drawings
Weitere Einzelheiten und Vorteile der Erfindung ergeben sich aus dem folgen- den Ausführungsbeispiel. In der zugehörigen einzigen Figur 1 ist im Längsschnitt eine erfindungsgemäße Strombegrenzungseinrichtung gezeigt. Bester Weg zur Ausführung der ErfindungFurther details and advantages of the invention result from the following exemplary embodiment. A current limiting device according to the invention is shown in longitudinal section in the associated single FIG. 1. Best way to carry out the invention
Die Strombegrenzungseinrichtung 10 enthält zu beiden Seiten je eine Elektrode 1 aus Festmetall, vorzugsweise Kupfer, die rotationssymmetrisch aus- gebildet ist und in einen äußeren Anschlußleiter 2 übergeht. Zwischen den Elektroden 1 befinden sich mehrere Verdichterräume 4, die durch eine entsprechende Anzahl von ringförmigen Dichtscheiben 11 sowie von isolierenden Zwischenwänden 12 gebildet werden. Durch ein Formgehäuse 5 werden die Elektroden 1 , die Dichtscheiben 11 und die Zwischenwände 12 gehalten, wo- bei bekannte Mittel zum Abdichten der Verdichterräume 4 und zum kraftschlüssigen Verbinden der im Formgehäuse 5 gelagerten Elemente 1 , 11 und 12 vorgesehen, jedoch aus Gründen der Übersichtlichkeit nicht dargestellt sind. Die Mittel zum Abdichten können beispielsweise Dichtringe zwischen den Dichtscheiben 11 und den Zwischenwänden 12 bzw. Elektroden 1 sein. Die Mittel zum kraftschlüssigen Verbinden sind beispielsweise durchgehendeThe current limiting device 10 contains on both sides an electrode 1 made of solid metal, preferably copper, which is rotationally symmetrical and merges into an outer connecting conductor 2. Between the electrodes 1 there are several compression spaces 4, which are formed by a corresponding number of annular sealing disks 11 and insulating partition walls 12. The electrodes 1, the sealing disks 11 and the intermediate walls 12 are held by a molded housing 5, whereby known means are provided for sealing the compression spaces 4 and for non-positively connecting the elements 1, 11 and 12 stored in the molded housing 5, but for reasons of clarity are not shown. The means for sealing can be, for example, sealing rings between the sealing disks 11 and the intermediate walls 12 or electrodes 1. The means for non-positive connection are continuous, for example
Spannschrauben entlang der beiden Linien 3. Die beiden äußeren Verdichterräume 4 werden seitlich jeweils durch eine der Elektroden 1 sowie durch eine Zwischenwand 12 begrenzt. Die inneren Verdichterräume 4 werden seitlich jeweils durch zwei Zwischenwände 12 begrenzt. Das im allgemeinen mehrtei- lige Formgehäuse 5 und die Dichtscheiben 11 sind druckfeste erste bzw. zweite Isolierkörper. Alle Verdichterräume 4 sind teilweise mit einem Flüssigmetall 7 ausgefüllt, beispielsweise einer GalnSn-Legierung. Die Zwischenwände 12 sind unterhalb des Flüssigkeitsspiegels 9 mit Verbindungskanälen 8 versehen. Die Verbindungskanäle 8 sind ebenfalls mit Flüssigmetall 7 gefüllt, so daß zwischen den Elektroden 1 eine durchgehende elektrisch leitende Verbindung besteht. Die Verbindungskanäle 8 benachbarter Zwischenwände 12 können vorteilhaft jeweils um einen bestimmten Winkelbetrag versetzt sein, um im Strombegrenzungsfall einen durchgehenden Lichtbogen zu verhindern. Die Zwischenwände 12 bestehen aus einem formbeständigen Material, bei- spielsweise aus Teflon. Im Kurzschlußfall sublimiert durch die entstehende Wärme ein Teil des Materials in die Verbindungskanäle 8, wodurch in sehr kurzer Zeit eine zunehmende Verengung des Strompfades und damit weitere Erhitzung und Gasausscheidung stattfindet, was schließlich zum raschen Zünden eines strombegrenzenden Lichtbogens führt. Tensioning screws along the two lines 3. The two outer compressor chambers 4 are laterally delimited by one of the electrodes 1 and by an intermediate wall 12. The inner compression spaces 4 are laterally delimited by two intermediate walls 12. The generally multi-part molded housing 5 and the sealing disks 11 are pressure-resistant first and second insulating bodies. All the compressor rooms 4 are partially filled with a liquid metal 7, for example a GalnSn alloy. The intermediate walls 12 are provided below the liquid level 9 with connecting channels 8. The connecting channels 8 are also filled with liquid metal 7, so that there is a continuous electrically conductive connection between the electrodes 1. The connecting channels 8 of adjacent partition walls 12 can advantageously be offset by a certain angular amount in order to prevent a continuous arc in the event of a current limitation. The intermediate walls 12 consist of a dimensionally stable material, for example Teflon. In the event of a short circuit, part of the material sublimates into the connecting channels 8 as a result of the heat which arises, as a result of which, in a very short time, an increasing narrowing of the current path and thus more Heating and gas excretion takes place, which ultimately leads to the rapid ignition of a current-limiting arc.

Claims

A n s p r ü c h e Expectations
1. Selbsterholende Strombegrenzungseinrichtung mit Flüssigmetall, enthal- tend Elektroden (1 ) aus Festmetall zum Anschließen an einen zu schützenden Stromkreis und mehrere mit Flüssigmetall (7) teilweise aufgefüllte, zwischen den Elektroden (1) hintereinander liegende Verdichterräume (4), die durch druckfeste Isolierkörper (5; 11 ) und durch diese gehaltene isolierende Zwischenwände (12) mit Verbindungskanälen (8) gebildet werden, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Zwischenwände (12) zumindest im Bereich der Verbindungskanäle (8) aus einem Material bestehen, das unter Hitzeeinwirkung eine gasförmige Substanz ausscheidet.1. Self-recovering current limiting device with liquid metal, containing electrodes (1) made of solid metal for connection to a circuit to be protected and several compressor rooms (4), which are partially filled with liquid metal (7) and are located one behind the other between the electrodes (1), through pressure-resistant insulating bodies (5; 11) and by this insulating partition walls (12) with connecting channels (8) are formed, characterized in that the partition walls (12) at least in the region of the connecting channels (8) consist of a material that is a gaseous substance when exposed to heat is eliminated.
2. Strombegrenzungseinrichtung nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeich- net, daß die Zwischenwände (12) im Bereich der Verbindungskanäle (8)2. Current limiting device according to claim 1, characterized in that the partition walls (12) in the region of the connecting channels (8)
Buchsen aus dem eine gasförmige Substanz ausscheidenden Material aufweisen.Have bushings made of the material which exudes a gaseous substance.
3. Strombegrenzungseinrichtung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekenn- zeichnet, daß das Material ein sublimierendes Material ist.3. Current limiting device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the material is a sublimating material.
4. Strombegrenzungseinrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Material ein temperaturfester Kunststoff ist.4. Current limiting device according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the material is a temperature-resistant plastic.
5. Strombegrenzungseinrichtung nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Material Teflon ist.5. Current limiting device according to claim 4, characterized in that the material is Teflon.
6. Strombegrenzungseinrichtung nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeich- net, daß das Material ein temperaturfester Duroplast ist.6. Current limiting device according to claim 4, characterized in that the material is a temperature-resistant thermoset.
7. Strombegrenzungseinrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Material Hartgewebe ist. 7. Current limiting device according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the material is hard tissue.
8. Strombegrenzungseinrichtung nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Flüssigmetall (7) eine GalnSn-Legie- rung ist. 8. Current limiting device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the liquid metal (7) is a GalnSn alloy.
PCT/EP2000/000478 1999-02-01 2000-01-22 Self-recovering current-limiting device with liquid metal WO2000046828A1 (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19903939.9 1999-02-01
DE1999103939 DE19903939B4 (en) 1999-02-01 1999-02-01 Self-recovering current limiting device with liquid metal

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ATE373870T1 (en) * 2003-07-10 2007-10-15 Abb Research Ltd METHOD AND DEVICE FOR LIMITING CURRENT WITH A LIQUID METAL CURRENT LIMITER
WO2005006368A1 (en) 2003-07-10 2005-01-20 Abb Research Ltd Method and device for power braking with a fluid-operated liquid metal current switch
CN109637874B (en) * 2018-11-21 2020-01-17 云南靖创液态金属热控技术研发有限公司 Liquid metal current limiter

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