EP1126353B1 - Pedal - Google Patents

Pedal Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1126353B1
EP1126353B1 EP01100945A EP01100945A EP1126353B1 EP 1126353 B1 EP1126353 B1 EP 1126353B1 EP 01100945 A EP01100945 A EP 01100945A EP 01100945 A EP01100945 A EP 01100945A EP 1126353 B1 EP1126353 B1 EP 1126353B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pedal
friction
lever
arm
pedal arm
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP01100945A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1126353A2 (de
EP1126353A3 (de
Inventor
Andreas Wehner
Christian Weis
Peter Kohlen
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP1126353A2 publication Critical patent/EP1126353A2/de
Publication of EP1126353A3 publication Critical patent/EP1126353A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1126353B1 publication Critical patent/EP1126353B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05G—CONTROL DEVICES OR SYSTEMS INSOFAR AS CHARACTERISED BY MECHANICAL FEATURES ONLY
    • G05G1/00—Controlling members, e.g. knobs or handles; Assemblies or arrangements thereof; Indicating position of controlling members
    • G05G1/30—Controlling members actuated by foot
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05G—CONTROL DEVICES OR SYSTEMS INSOFAR AS CHARACTERISED BY MECHANICAL FEATURES ONLY
    • G05G5/00—Means for preventing, limiting or returning the movements of parts of a control mechanism, e.g. locking controlling member
    • G05G5/03—Means for enhancing the operator's awareness of arrival of the controlling member at a command or datum position; Providing feel, e.g. means for creating a counterforce
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T74/00—Machine element or mechanism
    • Y10T74/20—Control lever and linkage systems
    • Y10T74/20528—Foot operated
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T74/00—Machine element or mechanism
    • Y10T74/20—Control lever and linkage systems
    • Y10T74/20528—Foot operated
    • Y10T74/20534—Accelerator
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T74/00—Machine element or mechanism
    • Y10T74/20—Control lever and linkage systems
    • Y10T74/20576—Elements
    • Y10T74/20888—Pedals

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a pedal, in particular for a motor vehicle, with a pedal arm, which at its first end region by a force, in particular a foot force, deflectable and pivotally mounted at its second end about a pivot axis mounted in a housing and of a pivot axis enclosing the return spring element is biased back pivotally into a basic position, wherein the return spring element is supported on a first lever arm of a pivotally mounted lever.
  • Pedals of the type mentioned above are widely used today as accelerator pedals in motor vehicles for controlling the speed.
  • the driver of the motor vehicle deflects the pedal arm of the pedal by means of foot force in order to achieve a specific speed of the motor vehicle.
  • the deflection of the pedal arm is usually coupled mechanically or electronically to a control unit via which the speed of the motor vehicle can be adjusted is.
  • the greater the deflection of the pedal arm the greater the speed of the motor vehicle.
  • the pedal arm of the pedal is supported on the first lever arm of the pivotally mounted lever by means of the return spring element surrounding the pivot axis.
  • the return spring element deflects the first lever arm of the lever and simultaneously pivots the second lever arm of the lever in the direction of the second end portion of the pedal.
  • the design of the friction pair formed by the friction body and the friction surface determined only by a suitable choice of the friction body. Because the contribution of the friction surface to the friction pairing is determined by the material of the pedal arm and not a variable parameter of the friction pairing. For a change in the friction due to the frictional surface of the Pedalarm would have to be made of a different material than the previous material, which usually has a detrimental effect on the manufacturing cost and production cost of the pedal arm and therefore is not common in practice.
  • the invention is therefore an object of the invention to provide a pedal of the type mentioned above, which requires a particularly low production cost and in which the friction coefficient of the Friction body and the friction surface formed friction pair is adjustable in a particularly large value range.
  • the invention is based on the consideration that a particularly easy to produce and very easy to mount pedal should have a very small number of elements that are to be added to each other in the final assembly of the pedal.
  • both the material of the friction body and the material of the friction surface should be freely selectable for a particularly large range of values of the friction coefficient of the friction pair. This condition is met for the friction body, which is to be fastened via the vibration damper to the second lever arm of the pivotally mounted lever during assembly of the pedal.
  • the material of the friction surface is then freely selectable, if it is not part of the second end portion of the pedal arm.
  • the friction surface is not part of the pedal arm when it is placed separately on a friction element.
  • the friction element comprising the friction surface in turn is - as previously the friction surface - to be arranged on the second end portion of the pedal arm.
  • a friction member made in two pieces with the second end portion of the pedal arm may be excited to vibrate and, in the extreme case, may be disengaged from the second end portion of the pedal arm. These vibrations also generate noise.
  • a particularly firm connection of the second end region of the pedal arm should be made with the friction element without an additional element, the production cost of the pedal increases.
  • the second end portion of the pedal arm is firmly connected to the friction element via an adhesive.
  • the adhesive can an adhesive, for example a commercially available adhesive, or else a solid plastic, which forms a virtually permanent connection both with the second end region of the pedal arm and with the friction element.
  • the adhesive is formed as a double-sided adhesive film.
  • a self-adhesive film creates a homogeneous adhesive surface and can be cut to shape.
  • a film may be attached to the second end portion of the pedal arm either on the underside of the friction element or on the second end portion of the pedal arm prior to attachment of the friction surface comprising the friction surface, so that only a pressing together of the surfaces to be joined is required for the final assembly.
  • the effort required for mounting the friction surface comprising the friction surface in or on the second end region of the pedal arm is particularly low.
  • the friction element comprising the friction surface is advantageously arranged in a form-fitting manner on or in the second end region of the pedal arm.
  • the fitting of the friction surface on or in the second end region of the pedal arm proves to be particularly simple.
  • the friction surface is held on or in the second end portion of the pedal arm.
  • This embodiment additionally secures the friction member to the second end portion of the pedal arm and therefore complements the gluing of the friction member to or in the second end portion of the pedal arm.
  • the surface of the second end region of the pedal arm and the friction surface have different material properties.
  • the friction element comprising the friction element and the second end portion of the pedal arm are made of a material.
  • the second end region of the pedal arm and the friction element are made of aluminum, hardening of the friction surface can take place by anodizing, whereby the surface of the friction element then has a different material property than the second end region of the pedal arm, likewise made of aluminum.
  • the second end portion of the pedal arm is made of a first material and the friction surface is made of a second material different from the first material. It proves to be particularly advantageous if the second end of the pedal arm is made of a plastic and the friction surface of metal.
  • This associated with the plastic lightweight construction of the second end portion of the pedal arm causes a particularly low weight of the second end portion and thus contributes to the weight reduction of the pedal.
  • plastic is particularly easy to adapt to a wide variety of geometric shapes, which special form requirements of the second end of the pedal arm can be realized in a particularly simple manner.
  • the frictional resistance of the friction surface is ensured by the production of the frictional surface comprehensive friction element made of metal, such as stainless steel.
  • the first lever arm of the lever advantageously has, on the side remote from the pedal arm, a wear stop which limits the pivoting range of the lever and which can be acted upon against a stop.
  • the concern of the wear stop of the first Lever arm of the lever on the stop prevents wedging of the second lever arm of the lever with the second end portion of the pedal arm.
  • the stop can be arranged on the housing of the pivot axis or be part of the housing of the pivot axis.
  • the second end region of the pedal arm has a guide, in which the return spring element is arranged.
  • the guide can thereby be made in one piece with the second end region of the pedal arm or else be a guide body to be arranged separately on the second end region of the pedal arm.
  • a wear-induced change in shape of the return spring element is particularly reliably avoided.
  • a predeterminable force of the return spring element is particularly easy to adjust by the design of the guide for the return spring element.
  • the return spring element is advantageously acted upon at its one end against a formed on the first lever arm of the lever abutment.
  • the abutment defines the area at which this end of the return spring element can be acted upon against the lever.
  • the end of the restoring spring element which can be acted upon against the abutment disposed on the first lever arm of the lever, is additionally advantageously in contact with a supporting body which determines the direction of the force of the restoring spring element. If the supporting body is missing, this end of the restoring spring element could initially bend in the direction of the guide during a deflection of the pedal arm, and only pivot the first lever arm of the lever above a certain deflection angle of the pedal arm.
  • the support body directs the force of the return spring element directly on the abutment, so that even at very low Auslenkwinkeln the pedal arm, the force of the return spring element acts on the abutment of the first lever arm of the lever and does not cause bending of the return spring element. As a result, a force transmission is ensured by the remindstellfederelemnt to the abutment of the first lever arm of the lever particularly reliable in a deflection of the pedal arm.
  • the return spring element is designed as a double leg spring.
  • the return spring element has particularly small dimensions and can therefore be arranged in a space-saving manner in the guide provided for the return spring element.
  • the second leg spring ensures a normal operation of the pedal even if the first leg spring breaks.
  • Each of the two Leg springs is thus designed so that the sole force of a spring ensures the function of the pedal.
  • the return spring element is designed as a biferal wound torsion spring.
  • a biferal wound torsion spring is particularly easy fittable in the guide for the return spring element, since only one end of the torsion spring and not two ends as in a double leg spring in the guide to be arranged or fastened. As a result, the assembly of the return spring element in the guide requires a particularly low cost.
  • a friction element to be applied in or on the second end region of the pedal arm by means of an adhesive particularly easy to assemble and at the same time is particularly firmly connected to the second end portion of the pedal arm.
  • the adhesive prevents the operation of the pedal particularly reliable vibration of the friction disposed on the friction surface both in itself and against the second end of the pedal arm, whereby a caused by the friction element noise generation is particularly reliably avoided.
  • friction elements of the friction coefficient of the friction pair can be adapted individually to the needs of each pedal to be produced, without the need for a modified interpretation of the second end of the pedal arm would be required.
  • a lightweight construction of the pedal with a particularly high wear resistance of the respective friction surface can be combined with a plastic second end region of the pedal arm.
  • the friction pair formed by the friction body and the friction surface generates a force hysteresis, which dampens the deflection of the pedal arm and thus prevents free swinging of the pedal, which means Foot power the performance of the internal combustion engine is particularly precisely controlled.
  • the pedal 2 according to Figure 1 is designed as an accelerator pedal of a motor vehicle and operated by foot force 4 of a driver. With the operation of the pedal, the driver controls the speed of the motor vehicle.
  • the driver and the motor vehicle are not shown in detail in the drawing.
  • the pedal 2 comprises a pedal arm 6 with a first end portion 8 and a second end portion 10.
  • the first end portion 8 of the pedal 2 has a pedal plate 12 which is actuated by the foot force 4 of the driver, not shown, of the motor vehicle also not shown.
  • the second end portion 10 of the pedal arm 6 is pivotally mounted about a pivot axis 18 mounted in a housing 16. Furthermore, the second end portion 10 of the pedal arm 6 is acted upon by a return spring element 20 surrounding the pivot axis 18 in a basic position réelleschwenkbar.
  • the return spring element 20 is formed as a double leg spring, which is wound biferal. Only one of the two torsion springs can be seen in FIG. 1, since according to FIG. 1 the second leg spring is arranged behind the first leg spring and thus can not be seen.
  • the formed as a double leg spring return spring element 20 is arranged by means of a guide 22 on the second end portion 10 of the pedal arm 6.
  • the guide 22 is integrally formed with the second end portion 10 of the pedal arm 6. Alternatively, however, the guide may also have one or more elements which are to be arranged as a separate guide on the second end region 10 of the pedal arm 6.
  • the guide 22 has an approximately circular and substantially centrally disposed to the pivot axis 18 groove 24 in which the formed as a double leg spring return spring element 20 is feasible.
  • the return spring element 20 is arranged at its located in the guide 22 inner end 26 on a guide 22 associated holding device 28.
  • the formed as a biferal leg spring return spring element 20 is inserted during assembly in the guide 22.
  • the inner end 26, at which the first leg spring merges into the second is then secured in the guide 22 against jumping out.
  • the outer end 30 of the return spring element 20 designed as a double leg spring is led out of the guide 22 via an opening 32.
  • the outer end 30 of the formed as a leg spring return spring element 20 is acted upon by an abutment 34 which is arranged on a first lever arm 36 of a lever 38.
  • the outer end 30 of the restoring spring element 20 is in abutment against a support device 40.
  • the support device 40 particularly prevents bending of the outer end 30 of the return spring element 20 in the direction of the guide 20, and thus a power transmission of the return spring element, which is not directed to the abutment 34 out.
  • the lever 38 is pivotally mounted about an axis 42 and has a second lever arm 44 in addition to the first lever arm 36.
  • the second lever arm 44 has, on its side facing the second end region 10 of the pedal arm 6, a recess 46, into which a vibration damper 48 is inserted.
  • the shock absorber 48 is made of plastic and elastically deformable. It is the plastic is a so-called elastomer.
  • a friction body 50 is attached to the second lever arm 44 of the lever 38. The friction body 50 can oscillate relative to the second lever arm 44 of the lever 38, since it is mechanically decoupled by its attachment to the vibration damper 48 relative to the lever 38.
  • the lever 38 at its first lever arm 36 on the side facing away from the second end portion 10 of the pedal arm 6 a wear stop 52.
  • the wear stop 52 is acted upon by a stop 54, which is arranged on the housing 16 of the pivot axis 18.
  • the stopper 54 is formed integrally with the housing 16 of the pivot axis 18.
  • the stop 54 may also be designed in two pieces with the housing 16 of the pivot axis 18. The design of the wear stop 52 and the stopper 54 is selected so that the second lever arm 44 of the lever 38 can approach the second end portion 10 of the pedal arm 6 only up to a minimum distance.
  • the restriction of the range of movement of the lever 38 avoids particularly reliable that the second lever arm 44 in a detachment of the friction body 50 from the vibration damper 48 and / or a detachment of the vibration 48 wedged out of the recess 46 in the second end portion 10 of the pedal arm 6.
  • the function of the pedal 2 is severely limited, since the function of the friction body 50 is exposed.
  • the friction body 50 forms with a arranged on a friction member 55 friction surface 56 a friction pairing.
  • the friction element 55 comprising the friction surface 56 is arranged on the second end region 10 of the pedal arm 6.
  • the friction surface 56 of the friction element 55 is curved in such a way that its curvature points towards the friction body 50.
  • the friction surface 56 and the second end portion 10 of the pedal arm 6 are designed in two pieces.
  • the second end portion 10 of the pedal arm 6 to achieve a particularly low weight of the pedal 2 is made of a formed as a plastic first material 58.
  • the friction element 55 comprising the friction surface 56 is made of a second material 60 designed as a stainless steel.
  • a lightweight construction of the second end portion 10 of the pedal arm 6 can be combined with a particularly high wear resistance of the friction surface 56.
  • the second end portion 10 of the pedal arm 6 and the friction surface 55 comprising the friction surface 55 may be made of aluminum. So that the friction surface 56 has a particularly hard surface, the friction surface 56 is anodized, ie the surface of the friction element 55. Alternatively, an anodization of the entire outer surface of the friction element 55 may be provided. As a result, the friction surface 56 or the entire outer surface of the friction element 55 is comparatively harder than the surface of the second end region 10 of the pedal arm 6.
  • the friction element 55 For a positive connection of the friction element 55 with the second end portion 10 of the pedal arm 6, the friction element 55 on a captive 62.
  • the captive 62 engages in corresponding recesses 64 of the second end portion 10 of the pedal arm 6.
  • the recesses 64 are formed so that the captive 62 positively engages in this when the friction member 55 is inserted into the second end portion 10 of the pedal arm 6.
  • the friction element 55 is arranged on the second end region 10 of the pedal arm 6 by means of an adhesive 66.
  • the adhesive 66 is formed here as a double-sided adhesive film.
  • FIG. 2 shows a section according to the auxiliary line with the end points 68 and 70 through FIG. 1.
  • the pivot axis 18 according to FIG. 2 is mounted in the housing 16 by means of a bearing 72.
  • the guide 22 is arranged, the groove 24 extends approximately centrally to the pivot axis 18.
  • the guide 22 which is designed as a double leg spring return spring element 20 is arranged.
  • the figure 2 is torn open again in the region of the support device 40.
  • the two leg springs of the return spring element 20 are visible as bars, whereas in the remaining area they are only shown in cross section. It is recognizable that the screw used as a support device 40 is not arranged in alignment with the pivot axis 18.
  • the friction element 55 is shown in detail in FIG.
  • the Reibelemenet 55 is curved and not plan.
  • the friction element 55 designed as a pressure piece has at its one end a first pair of webs 74 and at its second end a second pair of webs 76.
  • the friction element 55 comprises a front side 78 and a rear side 80.
  • adhesive 66 which is formed as an adhesive film.
  • the point provided for the friction element 55 of the second end region 10 of the pedal arm 6 can also be acted upon by the adhesive 66 formed as a film.
  • the friction element 55 is fitted by means of the webs 74 and 76 formed captive 62 in the recesses 64 of the second end portion 10 of the pedal arm 6.
  • the front side 78 of the friction element 55 then forms the friction surface 56.
  • the driver deflects the pedal arm 6 of the pedal 2 according to FIG. 1 in a clockwise direction by means of his foot force 4.
  • the restoring spring element 20 designed as a double leg spring presses against the first lever arm 36 of the lever 38.
  • the friction body 50 fastened via the vibration damper 48 to the second lever arm 44 of the lever 38 is pressed against the friction surface 56.
  • This parallel to the deflection of the pedal arm 6 increasing frictional force must overcome the driver not shown in the drawing by means of its foot force 4 with increasing deflection of the pedal arm 6.
  • a frictional vibration between the friction body 50 and the friction member 55 may occur.
  • the friction vibration is an alternating sticking and sliding of the friction surface 56 on the friction element 50.
  • These vibrations caused by the so-called stick-slip effect are perceptible to the driver of the motor vehicle as squeaking noises.
  • These squeaking noises are particularly reliably avoided by the arrangement of the friction body 50 on the vibration damper 48 on the part of the friction body 50, since these are absorbed by the made of elastic plastic vibration damper 48.
  • a swinging of the friction surface 56 is particularly reliably avoided by the fixed arrangement of the friction element 55 on the second end portion 10 of the pedal arm 6 by means of the adhesive 66.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Mechanical Control Devices (AREA)
  • Auxiliary Drives, Propulsion Controls, And Safety Devices (AREA)
EP01100945A 2000-02-19 2001-01-17 Pedal Expired - Lifetime EP1126353B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10007743A DE10007743A1 (de) 2000-02-19 2000-02-19 Pedal
DE10007743 2000-02-19

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1126353A2 EP1126353A2 (de) 2001-08-22
EP1126353A3 EP1126353A3 (de) 2002-05-22
EP1126353B1 true EP1126353B1 (de) 2006-08-02

Family

ID=7631642

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP01100945A Expired - Lifetime EP1126353B1 (de) 2000-02-19 2001-01-17 Pedal

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US6453768B2 (ja)
EP (1) EP1126353B1 (ja)
JP (1) JP2001260697A (ja)
KR (1) KR100780114B1 (ja)
DE (2) DE10007743A1 (ja)

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US6622589B1 (en) * 1999-11-19 2003-09-23 Aptek Williams, Inc. Manual control apparatus
DE10007743A1 (de) * 2000-02-19 2001-08-23 Mannesmann Vdo Ag Pedal
EP1546528B1 (en) * 2002-07-17 2012-11-14 KSR Technologies Co. Electronic throttle control with hysteresis device
KR100614524B1 (ko) * 2005-08-22 2006-08-25 (주) 동희산업 가속페달의 반력 조절 장치
US7793566B2 (en) * 2005-10-31 2010-09-14 Grand Haven Stamped Products Company, Division Of Jsj Corporation Pedal with hysteresis mechanism
JP4831472B2 (ja) * 2006-02-09 2011-12-07 株式会社デンソー ペダルモジュール
DE102008003296B4 (de) 2008-01-05 2016-04-28 Hella Kgaa Hueck & Co. Fahrpedal
DE102008018140B4 (de) 2008-04-10 2021-01-28 HELLA GmbH & Co. KGaA Fahrpedal
DE102009032664B4 (de) 2009-07-09 2016-05-12 Hella Kgaa Hueck & Co. Fahrpedal
FI20095868A0 (fi) * 2009-08-24 2009-08-24 Polar Electro Oy Poljinmittaus
DE102011087580A1 (de) * 2011-12-01 2013-06-06 Robert Bosch Gmbh Pedalwertgeberanordnung
DE102014102758A1 (de) * 2014-03-03 2015-09-03 Hella Kgaa Hueck & Co. Fahrpedalgeber
DE102014106329A1 (de) 2014-05-07 2015-11-12 Hella Kgaa Hueck & Co. Fahrpedal
EP3350035B1 (en) 2015-09-18 2019-10-23 Kongsberg Power Products Systems I, LLC Pedal assembly with identical first and second housing components
US10551866B2 (en) 2015-09-18 2020-02-04 Kongsberg Power Products Systems I, Inc. Pedal assembly with debris filtering mechanism

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JPH0790756B2 (ja) * 1987-06-08 1995-10-04 日本発条株式会社 足踏み式駐車ブレーキ
JPH03284455A (ja) * 1990-03-31 1991-12-16 Oi Seisakusho Co Ltd 足踏み式パーキングブレーキ装置
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DE10007743A1 (de) * 2000-02-19 2001-08-23 Mannesmann Vdo Ag Pedal

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP2001260697A (ja) 2001-09-26
KR100780114B1 (ko) 2007-11-27
EP1126353A2 (de) 2001-08-22
KR20010082748A (ko) 2001-08-30
EP1126353A3 (de) 2002-05-22
DE10007743A1 (de) 2001-08-23
US6453768B2 (en) 2002-09-24
US20010029805A1 (en) 2001-10-18
DE50110575D1 (de) 2006-09-14

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