EP1126221A1 - Padded refactory tile as liner for a gas turbine combustor - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a thermal shield stone (1, 1A, 1B), especially for lining the walls of a combustion chamber (65), with a hot side (5) that is exposed to a hot medium (M). Said thermal shield stone is provided with a damper insert (3, 3A, 3B) that is mounted outside the hot side (5). The invention is further characterized in that the damper insert (3, 3A, 3B) is an integral part of the heat shield stone (1, 1A, 1B). The inventive heat shield stone(1, 1A, 1B) has excellent damping properties and high-temperature resistance. The invention further relates to a device (21) for lining the walls of a combustion chamber (65) and to a gas turbine (53) with a combustion chamber (59) provided with said device (21).

Description

The invention relates to a heat shield brick, in particular for lining a combustion chamber wall, with a hot one Medium exposed hot side. The invention further relates to a device for lining a combustion chamber wall as well as a gas turbine with a combustion chamber, which such Has facility.

A thermally and / or thermomechanically highly loaded combustion chamber, such as a kiln, a hot gas duct or a combustion chamber of a gas turbine in which a hot medium is generated and / or guided, is to protect against too high thermal stress with an appropriate lining Mistake. The lining usually consists of hit-resistant Material and protects a wall of the combustion chamber before direct contact with the hot medium and the associated severe thermal stress.

U.S. Patent No. 4,840,131 relates to an improved attachment of ceramic lining elements on a wall of an oven. Here is a rail system, which on the Wall is attached and a plurality of ceramic rail elements has provided. Through the rail system the lining elements can be held on the wall. Between a lining element and the wall of the furnace further ceramic layers can be provided under another layer of loose, partially compressed ceramic fibers, this layer being at least the same thickness as the ceramic lining elements or a greater thickness having. The lining elements have a rectangular shape Form with a planar surface and consist of a heat-insulating refractory ceramic fiber material.

U.S. Patent 4,835,831 also deals with application a refractory lining on a wall of a Oven, especially a vertically arranged wall. On the Metallic wall of the furnace is made of glass, ceramic or Mineral fiber existing layer applied. This layer is by metal brackets or by glue on the wall attached. A wire mesh network is on this layer honeycomb mesh applied. The mesh network serves also to secure the layer of ceramic fibers against a falling down. The layer attached in this way is by means of a suitable closed spraying method Refractory surface applied. With the described method is largely avoided during of the refractory particles struck upon spraying as with a direct spray on the refractory particles on the metallic wall would be the case.

A ceramic lining for walls of thermally highly stressed combustion chambers, for example gas turbine combustion chambers, is described in EP 0 724 116 A2. The lining consists of wall elements made of high-temperature-resistant structural ceramics, such as silicon carbide (SiC) or silicon nitride (Si ₃ N ₄ ). The wall elements are mechanically and resiliently attached to a metal support structure (wall) of the combustion chamber by means of a central fastening bolt. A thick thermal insulation layer is provided between the wall element and the wall of the combustion chamber, so that the wall element is appropriately spaced from the wall of the combustion chamber. The insulation layer, which is about three times thicker than the wall element, consists of ceramic fiber material that is prefabricated in blocks. The dimensions and the external shape of the wall elements can be adapted to the geometry of the room to be lined.

Another type of lining a thermally highly stressed Combustion chamber is specified in EP 0 419 487 B1. The Lining consists of heat shield elements that are mechanical are held on a metallic wall of the combustion chamber. The heat shield elements directly touch the metallic wall. To avoid excessive heating of the wall, e.g. due to direct heat transfer from the heat shield element or by penetrating hot medium into each other bordering heat shield elements formed column, the formed by the wall of the combustion chamber and the heat shield element Cooling air, the so-called sealing air, is applied to the room. The sealing air prevents the penetration of hot Medium up to the wall and at the same time cools the wall and the heat shield element.

WO 99/47874 relates to a wall segment for a combustion chamber and a combustion chamber of a gas turbine. Here is a Wall segment for a combustion chamber, which with a hot Fluid can be acted upon with a metallic support structure and a heat protection element attached to the metallic support structure specified. Between the metallic support structure and the heat protection element becomes a deformable Separation layer inserted, the possible relative movements of the heat protection element and take up and balance the supporting structure should. Such relative movements can, for example, in the combustion chamber of a gas turbine, in particular an annular combustion chamber, due to different thermal expansion behavior of the used materials or due to pulsations in the combustion chamber, the irregular combustion to produce the hot working medium or through resonance effects can be caused. At the same time, the separating layer causes that the relatively inelastic heat protection element overall more flat on the interface and the metallic Support structure rests because the heat protection element partially in the interface penetrates. The separation layer can also do so production-related unevenness on the supporting structure and / or the heat protection element, which locally becomes an unfavorable punctual Force can balance.

The invention is based on the observation that, in particular for ceramic, heat shield stones because of their necessary Flexibility in terms of thermal expansion often insufficient to withstand mechanical loads, such as shocks or vibrations are secured.

The invention is accordingly based on the object Heat shield stone indicate, which both with regard unlimited thermal expansion as well the stability against shock-like mechanical loads high operational reliability guaranteed. Another job the invention is the specification of a device for lining a combustion chamber wall made with such heat shield bricks is lined as well as the specification of a gas turbine with a combustion chamber which has such a device. No concept is known yet.

The object directed at a heat shield stone is invented solved by specifying a heat shield brick, in particular for lining a combustion chamber wall, with a a hot medium exposed hot side, which heat shield stone has at least one damping insert that is attached outside the hot side.

The invention shows a completely new way, heat shield stones against high accelerations due to impacts or permanently secure vibrations. The invention goes from the knowledge that combustion chamber stones, as usually used to line a combustion chamber wall be used by stationary and / or transient Vibrations in the combustion chamber wall to corresponding vibrations be stimulated. Here, especially in one Resonance case, accelerations above a limit acceleration occur, with the heat shield stones from the combustion chamber wall take off and then open again. On such impact on the massive combustion chamber wall leads to very high forces on the heat shield stones and can be too large Cause damage to them. This leads to a significant one Reduction of the durability of a heat shield brick. With the proposed cushioning insert the outside the hot side of the heat shield brick is attached extremely efficient and long-term stable shock absorption for the first time specified for a heat shield brick. The cushioning insert is part of the heat shield stone, which the Heat shield stone of conventional designs basic differs. By attaching a damping insert in or on the heat shield stone, is advantageous achieved efficient shock absorption on the one hand and thus one Risk of breakage safely countered, on the other hand for the first time the passive safety of the heat shield in possible collision breakdown. By providing one damping insert or several damping inserts on or in the heat shield stone there are vibrations and / or shock loads, for example due to an impact, steamed safely. This damping can take a longer time Use of the heat shield stone also above the limit acceleration for a surcharge without significant damage the heat shield stone can be guaranteed. Advantageously at least one damping insert is provided.

By designing the heat shield brick with the damping insert there is still the advantage of a problem-free Prefabrication and easy assembly of the heat shield brick, for example for mounting in a combustion chamber wall. Separate damping and / or insulation elements, as with conventional heat shield stones are required over the heat shield brick of the invention a considerably larger assembly and adjustment effort. In the event of a revision, only the heat shield brick may be required be replaced, but not additional damping and / or insulating elements.

Another advantage arises from the fact that the Damping insert outside the hot side of the heat shield brick is appropriate. In this way, the damping insert safe from direct exposure to be protected in a hot medium. The hot side of the heat shield brick is there for an exposure to one hot medium designed and guaranteed in the operating state protection of the damping insert against high temperatures as well possible oxidative and / or corrosive attacks the cushioning insert.

The one located outside the hot side of the heat shield brick Damping insert can in principle both within the stone arranged as well on a surface that is not the hot side of the heat shield stone forms, let in. there it is also possible to completely insert the cushioning inside of the heat shield brick. The geometric arrangement and design of the damping insert is thus advantageous easily adaptable to the respective requirements and geometrical conditions that occur during use of the heat shield brick, for example as a lining of one Combustion chamber wall, must be taken into account. This high flexibility on the one hand and the durability of the heat shield brick against shock loads on the other hand, are also in With regard to economic aspects in particular Advantage.

In a preferred embodiment, the heat shield brick has one opposite to or adjacent to the hot side Wall side on, the damping insert at least partially forms the surface of the wall side. In this configuration the cushioning insert is not completely inside the heat shield stone attached, but at least forms partially the surface of the wall side. The cushioning insert can extend through the whole stone. The wall side is advantageous, as opposed to the hot side, not directly the hot in the operating case Medium exposed. It is therefore very useful to have a wall side provide damping insert. This allows Forces dampened very effectively on the surface of the wall side depending on the load, the damping insert is attachable outside the hot side and thereby a Part of the surface of the wall side forms. Especially the fact that this configuration is advantageous e.g. a possible opening of the heat shield brick already efficient from the surface of the corresponding wall side is dampable. As a rule, is above all the wall side of the heat shield brick particularly high mechanical Loads, for example as a result of vibrations or shock, potentially at risk (risk of breakage). Through the Damping from the wall side is the heat shield stone very effective against impact breakage due to impact, for example as a result of the hot side opening opposite wall side to a combustion chamber wall, safely protected. It is advantageous if there is a corresponding Attaching a damping insert also to the hot side Adjacent wall side can be cushioned against impacts. This is before of importance where appropriate to the adjacent Mechanical loads directed to the wall occur can, such as in a combustion chamber by fasteners and / or another, to the heat shield stone adjacent heat shield stone or another Wall element evoked. Again, this is an advantage adaptability to the respective operating conditions of the heat shield stone.

In a further preferred embodiment, the surface has several sub-areas formed by damping inserts are. The surface is below the surface understood the wall side, the wall side being one side of the Is heat shield stone that faces the hot side or adjacent to the hot side. The geometric division of the Surface in several partial areas proves to be special advantageous because it provides a flat damping by appropriate Damping pads can be reached. Through the flat Damping forces are not selective, i. H. locally on a very restricted area, steamed but it will a distribution of the impact force on a corresponding damping surface performed. This reduces the local load considerable because the damping inserts forming the partial surfaces cause surface attenuation. The geometric shape and arrangement this partial damping surface is on the respective Customizable load case, the total load advantageously as evenly as possible on several sub-areas can be distributed.

The damping inserts are preferably regular, in particular symmetrically arranged. This can be done accordingly regular, especially symmetrical, training of partial areas that serve as damping partial areas become. Furthermore, this is a particularly advantageous one Guaranteed load absorption in the event of a shock, because of a symmetrical arrangement a corresponding distribution of forces is achievable on the heat shield stone. Ideally the symmetrical arrangement results in an even load distribution reached the heat shield stone.

In a particularly preferred embodiment, the surface is made entirely from a single cushioning insert. The surface can be opposite the hot side Wall side surface or one adjacent to the hot side Wall side surface. So there is a surface damping achievable over the entire surface. Any shock load local or limited to a subarea with this design of the heat shield brick unbreakable be dampened. The use of a single one is advantageous here Damping insert for damping, which is inexpensive on the one hand and on the other hand is particularly damping efficient, because the arrangement and damping adjustment for example two damping inserts are much more complex would. In this particularly advantageous case can already extremely efficient with a single cushioning insert Damping, especially surface damping, is generated under impact load become. It is also possible that the whole of not formed on the hot side, completely by one single damping insert is formed.

The damping system is preferably a fabric, in particular designed as a fabric mat. Here come tissue, or also fabric fabric mats are used that are sufficiently high Damping properties (damping constant) and a temperature resistance towards the high temperatures like them to be expected, for example, when used in a combustion chamber are. The use of a fabric mat has the Advantage that they can be cut to a desired size and easy to attach to the heat shield brick outside the hot side is. Because the fabric mat at least partially in the heat stone is integrated, the material of the fabric mat should be like this be chosen that the coefficient of thermal expansion of the contiguous different materials be matched to one another in the heat shield brick as far as possible, to safely prevent thermal stresses and / or deformations avoid. However, this is easy with a fabric mat achievable because of a fabric mat due to its fabric structure already has a certain elasticity. The damping system can also be in the form of a knitted fabric, a braid or a sponge. Where this makes sense, can the damping insert also structurally in some areas different appearances.

The damping insert preferably consists of a ceramic material, in particular of a ceramic fiber material. Ceramic material is resistant to high temperatures and is resistant to oxidation and / or corrosion and is therefore ideal for use in a combustion chamber. Mats made of a ceramic material, in particular a ceramic fiber material, are commercially available. Ceramic Textiles and Composites, Europe from Neuss, for example, can be considered as a supplier. The ceramic mat of type AF62 from this company consists, for example, of ceramic fibers (Nextel 312), which are suitable for use above 1200 ° C. The chemical composition of these fibers is typically 62% by weight Al ₂ O ₃ , 24% by weight SiO ₂ and 14% by weight B ₂ O ₃ . The fibers are composed of a large number of individual filaments, the filaments having a diameter of approximately 10 to 12 μm. The maximum crystallite size for this product is 500 nm. The ceramic fiber material can be used to easily produce fabrics, knitted fabrics or braids of the desired size and thickness. Several layers of ceramic damping mats can also be produced as a damping insert. Several layers can be sewn or needled together to form a damping insert.

In a further preferred embodiment, there is the damping system made of a metallic material, in particular a metallic wire material. Here come high temperature resistant Wires used that have adequate oxidation and Have corrosion resistance and a sufficiently large Elasticity, in particular bending elasticity and elasticity against tensile and / or compressive load. The damping system from the metallic material can equally as Fabric, knitted fabric, braid or designed as a metal sponge his. A damping system is also conceivable a combination of metallic material with ceramic To design material in the form of a metal-ceramic composite fabric or as a layer composite with a metallic and a ceramic fabric layer.

The heat shield brick preferably consists of a base material, in particular a refractory ceramic, the damping insert is firmly connected to the base material. By the choice of a ceramic as the base material for the heat shield brick is a use of the heat shield stone up to very high Guaranteed temperatures, while being oxidative and / or corrosive attacks, such as those applied the heat shield brick with a hot medium, e.g. one Hot gas, occur, largely harmless to the heat shield brick are. The damping insert is advantageous with the ceramic base material of the heat shield brick well connectable. The fixed connection can also be releasable Connection. In this case it is attached the damping insert with suitable fastening elements, e.g. by a clamp or a screw connection. By choosing a cushioning insert, at least partly consists of a ceramic material, is also a good adaptation to the ceramic base material of the heat shield brick regarding the thermomechanical properties reached. Through the firm connection of the damping insert with the base material, the heat shield brick is advantageous manufactured in a composite system. Thereby is a compact design and structure of the heat shield brick given the excellent damping properties as well as a has great durability. Even in the event of a collapse with an extraordinarily large shock load, the Passive safety of the heat shield brick guaranteed. The means that if the heat shield brick breaks or breaks due to the firm connection of the damping insert with the base material no fragments from the composite can detach. This is a particularly great advantage when using the heat shield brick in a combustion chamber because even after a break, the heat shield function of the heat shield brick is still guaranteed, especially none Fragments can get into the combustion chamber. Economically This has the advantage that no extraordinary Maintenance and / or revision of a heat shield stone Combustion chamber is required. The combustion chamber can at least be operated with the usual maintenance cycles, whereby but also an extension of the service life due to the increased passive safety can be achieved.

The damping system is attached to the base material preferably in that the damping system in the Base material cast in, glued to the base material or is embedded in the base material. Pouring the Damping system in the base material is particularly advantageous because this is already in the manufacturing process of the Heat shield stone can be done. The heat shield stone will usually made from a molding compound and then burned. The damping insert can be used during casting the molding compound are poured into a mold. When gluing the cushioning insert with the base material is a high temperature resistant adhesive, for example a quick hardenable one Two-component adhesive to use. Can also use glue are based on silicate, which have excellent adhesive properties and have a high temperature resistance. The connection has proven to be particularly advantageous the use of a ceramic or metallic Mat, especially a ceramic fabric mat, because of this a certain air permeability due to their fabric structure has (porosity) what a good connection of the damping insert transported with the base material of the heat shield brick. Base material and fabric material interpenetrate thereby at least partially and establish a firm connection on.

The heat shield brick preferably has an overall thickness, wherein the cushioning insert has a thickness that is clear is smaller than the total thickness. In particular, the thickness is the damping insert between about 1% to 20% of the total thickness. Due to these relative proportions, the Heat shield function of the heat shield brick on the one hand and the required damping properties of the damping insert on the other hand coordinated. In the specific application the relative thickness of the damping insert is obtained corresponding to the total thickness of the heat shield brick the occurring shock loads as well as the thermal load to be determined.

The damping insert preferably has a thickness of approximately 0.1 mm to 10.0 mm, in particular from approximately 1.0 mm to 5.0 mm, on. These dimensions are for the typical thicknesses of heat shield bricks, for example of heat shield stones for Combustion chambers, suitable for efficient damping at a to ensure high passive safety at the same time.

The on a device for lining a combustion chamber wall directed object is achieved by the Specification of a device for lining a combustion chamber wall, the at least one heat shield brick according to the above Designs and a support structure, the heat shield brick with its surface adjacent to the supporting structure and with at least one fastener on the Support structure is attached. With surface here is the wall side of the heat shield stone opposite the hot side meant. For example, comes as a fastener a metallic retaining clip in question, which is advantageous has a certain elasticity. To this Way is a spring-elastic holder of the heat shield brick achievable on the support structure. Another configuration of the fastener, where this makes sense, consist of a central fastening bolt, which through a suitable opening in the heat shield brick is carried out, the heat shield stone from the hot side is pressed against the supporting structure. Here too a resilient attachment is useful to over the Effect of the damping insert additionally vibrations to dampen. The central fastening bolt can be made consist of a ceramic material. Can advantageously when setting up the surface of the heat shield brick border the supporting structure so that there is a gap between the Surface and the support structure is formed. In this way is easy and very efficient to set up coolable. With high temperature loads and thermomechanical The equipment is subject to cooling problems very desirable. This is the gap between the surface of the heat shield brick and the supporting structure with one Coolant, e.g. Cooling air, acted upon. The coolant can through suitable coolant feedthroughs in the supporting structure be fed to the gap. By the coolant in the The surface of the heat shield brick and the supporting structure become gap equally efficiently cooled. In addition, through the coolant has a blocking effect against the entry of a hot medium in the gap, for example a hot gas from a combustion chamber, safely avoided. This is the heat shield stone and the support structure before direct loading with the hot medium in the gap very much effectively protected.

In a particularly advantageous embodiment of the device engages the fastener laterally, in particular along the wall side surface, into the heat shield stone on. The intervention takes place, for example, in a suitable manner designed groove that in a on the hot side of the heat shield brick adjacent wall side is incorporated. By lateral engagement of the fastener is ensured, that the hot side of the fastener is not or only slightly affected. At the same time it is Fastener advantageously not immediately hot medium, e.g. exposed to the hot gas. Through the side Engagement of the fastener is resilient Attachment of the heat shield brick to the supporting structure possible, at the same time through the damping insert very effective shock absorption is achieved. High accelerations the heat shield elements, for example as a result of Vibrations or resonances with correspondingly large amplitudes, where the heat shield stones in a spring bearing take off from the supporting structure and then again could hit the supporting structure with the facility reliably dampened. Through the establishment can significantly longer operation even above the limit acceleration performed without damage to the heat shield elements become.

Preferably, there are several heat shield stones on the support structure attached. The heat shield stones are left undisturbed of cooling fluid gaps and / or joints with metallic Brackets covering almost all of the supporting structure attached. So a full lining is one Combustion chamber wall with heat shield stones possible. The supporting structure and in particular the entire combustion chamber wall can with proper lining against the high temperatures and the associated thermomechanical loads and be protected permanently.

Damping inserts of two preferably overlap with one another adjacent heat shield stones. The overlap also provides damping in areas such as gap areas formed by parting lines, between the adjacent mutually arranged heat shield stones safely. In addition, relative movements from adjacent to each other arranged heat shield stones, which are also considerable Can carry shock forces, safely absorbed and damped become. The overlapping damping inserts protrude advantageously at least partially in the gap area between adjacent heat shield stones. Due to the overlap, there is a full coverage Damping can be achieved across the entire support structure. The Support structure is also in the area of a joint in front of direct Protected by exposure to a hot medium.

Two adjacent to each other are also preferred Heat shield stones with each other via a damping insert connected. In this embodiment, the alternative or additional predictable for an overlap of damping inserts is a damped system of two heat shield stones realized, the connection of several heat shield stones is possible via a damping insert. The connection is-about the options already mentioned above, d. H. Gluing, clamping or pouring the damping insert producible. By connecting two or several heat shield stones can advantageously that Vibration behavior of the system influenced very favorably become. In particular, resonances that occur locally on a single heat shield stone occur by connecting to an adjacent stone efficiently via the damping insert steamed as well as on the adjacent heat shield stone or on more connected via the cushioning insert. Local impact energy input can therefore be very effective steamed and redistributed to the overall system of heat shield bricks become. The risk of a heat shield brick breaking is thus significantly reduced.

In an advantageous embodiment, the heat shield brick and the support structure in a combustion chamber, in particular a gas turbine combustor.

The object directed to a gas turbine is achieved according to the invention solved by a gas turbine with a combustion chamber that has a device according to the above statements.

The advantages of such a gas turbine result accordingly the explanations of the heat shield stone and the furnishings.

FIG 1 bis FIG 4

jeweils eine perspektivische Ansicht eines Hitzeschildsteins mit Dämpfungseinlage,

FIG 5 bis FIG 8

jeweils eine Draufsicht auf die der Heißseite gegenüberliegenden Wandseite eines Hitzeschildsteins mit Dämpfungseinlage,

FIG 9

eine perspektivische Ansicht eines Hitzeschildsteins mit alternativer Ausgestaltung der Dämpfungseinlage,

FIG 10

eine Ansicht des Hitzeschildsteins aus FIG 9 entlang der Schnittlinie X-X,

FIG 11

eine perspektivische Ansicht eines Hitzeschildsteins mit einer gegenüber FIG 9 modifizierten Ausgestaltung der Dämpfungsanlage,

FIG 12

eine Ansicht des Hitzeschildsteins der FIG 11 entlang der Schnittlinie XII-XII,

FIG 13

eine Einrichtung zur Auskleidung einer Brennkammerwand,

FIG 14

eine Ansicht der Einrichtung aus FIG 13 entlang der Schnittlinie XIV-XIV,

FIG 15

eine Draufsicht auf die der Heißseite gegenüberliegende Wandseite einer Gruppe mehrerer Hitzeschildsteine mit Dämpfungseinlagen,

FIG 16

eine Ansicht der Einrichtung von FIG 13 entlang der Schnittlinie XVI-XVI, und

FIG 17

einen stark vereinfachten Längsschnitt durch eine Gasturbine.

The invention is explained in more detail by way of example with reference to the drawing. They show schematically and partially simplified:

1 to 4

each a perspective view of a heat shield brick with damping insert,

5 to 8

in each case a plan view of the wall side of a heat shield brick with damping insert opposite the hot side,

FIG. 9

2 shows a perspective view of a heat shield brick with an alternative configuration of the damping insert,

FIG 10

9 shows a view of the heat shield brick from FIG. 9 along the section line XX,

FIG 11

2 shows a perspective view of a heat shield brick with a modified embodiment of the damping system compared to FIG. 9,

FIG 12

11 shows a view of the heat shield brick of FIG. 11 along the section line XII-XII,

FIG. 13

a device for lining a combustion chamber wall,

FIG 14

13 shows a view of the device from FIG. 13 along the section line XIV-XIV,

FIG. 15

1 shows a plan view of the wall side of a group of several heat shield bricks with damping inserts opposite the hot side,

FIG 16

a view of the device of Figure 13 along the section line XVI-XVI, and

FIG 17

a greatly simplified longitudinal section through a gas turbine.

The same reference numerals have in the different figures same meaning.

1 shows a perspective view of a heat shield brick 1. The heat shield brick has a hot side 5 on and a wall side 7 opposite the hot side and a wall side 7a adjoining the hot side 5. The Heat shield stone 1 is cuboid, here with a square Base area designed. Outside the hot side 5 of the heat shield brick 1, a damping insert 3 is attached. Form the wall sides 7, 7a of the heat shield brick 1 a surface 9. The wall side 7 becomes a wall side surface 9A. The wall side surface 9A is a partial surface of the surface 9. The damping insert 3 attached outside of the hot side 5 of the heat shield brick 1, that the damping insert 3 at least partially Surface 9 of the wall side 7, 7A forms. The surface 9A is completely formed by the damping insert 3. The wall side opposite the hot side 5 is thus 7 completely formed by the damping insert 3, the Damping insert 3 is an integral part of the heat shield brick 1 is. The heat shield brick 1 consists of a base material 19, for example a refractory ceramic, with the the damping insert 3 is firmly connected. The firm connection the damping insert 3 with the base material 19 for example by pouring the damping insert 3 into the Base material 19, by gluing to the base material or by inserting the damping insert 3 into the base material 19. With the damping insert integrated in the heat shield brick 1 3, the heat shield brick 1 is damped intrinsically Vibrations, pulsations or shocks when using the Heat shield stones, for example, in a combustion chamber, a Furnace or other combustion chamber. The embodiment shown 1 shows a particularly advantageous Embodiment of the invention since the wall side 7 with the Wall surface 9A completely through the damping insert 3 is formed. So there is any force on the wall side 7 can be damped very efficiently since the entire surface 9A for load absorption and damping is available. this causes a cheap, especially a very even, Distribution of an impact load on the wall side 7.

FIGS. 2 to 4 show alternative configurations of the Heat shield stone 1 shown with the damping insert 3. While 2 shows the damping insert 3 between the hot side 5 and the wall side 7 attached within the heat shield brick 1 is in comparison to this in FIG 3 additionally Damping inserts 3A and 3B are provided on the wall side 7. In 3 shows the surface 9A of partial surfaces 11A and 11B, the partial surface 11A completely from the damping insert 3B and the partial surface 11A completely from the damping insert 3A is formed. In contrast to that shown in FIG. 1 The surface 9A of the wall side 7 is not an example here completely formed by a damping insert 3, 3A, 3B. A damping insert 3, 3A, 3B can, in principle, within of the heat shield brick 1 (see FIG. 2) arranged or on whose surface 9, 9A can be embedded. 4 is a Heat shield stone 1 shown with a damping insert 3, wherein the damping insert embedded in the heat shield brick 1 and the damping insert 3 is wavy along the wall side 7 is guided. The wave crests are the Damping insert 3 completely inside the heat shield brick, while the troughs of the damping insert 3 at least partially form the surface 9A of the wall side 7. Thereby is on the wall side 7 through the damping insert 3 a partial surface 11A is formed, which serves as a damping surface 11A Absorption of vibrations and / or shock load is used. Further Partial surfaces 11B, 11C, 11D are formed by the damping insert 3, correspondingly as damping surfaces 11B, 11C, 11D serve. The damping insert 3 is fixed with the Base material 19 of the heat shield brick 1 connected so that a composite system is produced. That through the heat shield stone 1 formed composite system is particularly good for the Use at high temperatures with temporary or permanent impact loads suitable. Risk of breakage of the combustion chamber brick 1 is thus countered very effectively, for the first time the passive safety of the heat shield brick 1 is also taken into account is. This is advantageous in this Expression that in the event of breakage of the heat shield brick 1 possible fragments cannot leave the composite system, since the fragments remain firmly attached to the Damping insert 3 remain connected. A detachment and / or possible fragments of the heat shield brick falling out 1 in the combustion chamber, for example after a break due to Collision breakage is thus reliably prevented. A high level of operational security with a simultaneous substantial enlargement The downtimes are the economic benefits that stand out result additionally when using the heat shield brick 1.

FIGS. 5 to 8 each show a view of a heat shield brick 1 from the hot side 5 opposite Wall side 7. Various options are shown to arrange the damping insert 3 on the wall side 7. While 5 shows the wall side 7 completely of a damping insert 3 is formed, is a first damping insert in FIG 3A and a second damping insert 3B are provided. The damping inserts 3, 3A, 3B each exist made of a ceramic material 15, in particular a ceramic Fiber material 15, which as a fabric mat 13 with the Base material 19 of the heat shield brick 1 is firmly connected. The design in the form of a fabric mat 13 is special favorable with regard to the incorporability into the Base material 19 and in terms of damping properties. In FIG 7, four damping inserts 3A to 3D are provided, which each have a corresponding partial surface 11A, 11B, 11C, Form 11D of the wall side 7. Each through the cushioning insert 3A to 3D formed partial surface 11A, 11B, 11C, 11D is included formed as an isosceles right-angled triangular surface, each in a corner of the square floor plan of the Wall side 7 is attached. This symmetrical arrangement The damping inserts 3A to 3D are special uniform load absorption guaranteed. Locally occurring This can result in peak loads as a result of an impact or impact very effective on the damping partial surfaces 11A, 11B, 11C, 11D. In an alternative embodiment 8 shows a heat shield brick 1, the Floor plan of the heat shield brick 1 in the shape of a hexagon having. This is to express that in addition to a square or rectangular floor plan also others Geometric configurations of the heat shield brick 1 can be implemented are. The heat shield stone 1 of FIG. 8 faces the other variants (see FIG. 5 to FIG. 7) have a damping insert 3C, which is approximately in the centroid of the Hexagon is attached. The damping insert 3C is there made of a metallic material 17, for example a metallic wire material 17. The wire material 17 is designed as a fabric mat 13. In addition to the design as Fabric mat 13 are also configurations as braid, knitted fabric or conceivable as a metal sponge. The metallic Wire material 17 consists for example of a high temperature resistant Steel, which has a sufficiently large pressure, Has tensile and bending elasticity. Through the choice of materials for the damping insert 3A, 3B, 3C and the design as a fabric mat 13 is high temperature resistance on the one hand as well as a particularly firm connection with the base material 19 of the heat shield brick 1, e.g. by pouring or gluing, producible.

9 shows a perspective illustration of a heat shield brick 1 and in FIG 10 a corresponding sectional view along the section line X-X of the heat shield brick 1 9 shown. The heat shield brick has an overall thickness D1 and the damping insert 3 have a thickness D2. The fat D2 is significantly smaller than the total thickness D1. For example, the thickness D1 is about 1% to 20% of the total thickness D2. In FIG 9, the damping insert 3 is such attached that from her the wall side 7 completely and the Wall side 7A formed at least to a substantial extent is. The wall side 7A adjoining the hot side 5 faces the damping insert 3, all in the form of a reinforcement four side faces 7A adjoining the hot side 5 and at least partially forms. The transition from that Base material 19 is made to the material of the damping insert 3 through a smooth adjustment 33 of the adjacent Materials on the wall side 7A.

In a modified embodiment of this shows 11 shows a perspective view of a heat shield brick 1 and FIG. 12 shows a corresponding sectional view along the Section line XII-XII of the heat shield brick shown in FIG. 11 1. The damping system also forms in this example 3 completely the wall side 7 of the heat shield brick 1. Furthermore the damping insert 3 is at least essentially like one Reinforcement on the wall side adjacent to hot side 5 7A, hereinafter also referred to as side surface 7A, is attached. The transition from the base material 19 of the heat shield brick 1 to the material of the damping insert 3 on the wall side 7A by an offset 35. By this offset 35, the damping insert 3 is only partially in the Base material of the heat shield brick 1 inserted. The offset 35 leads to improved damping properties against vibrations or shock load perpendicular to wall side 7A. How is discussed below, this is particularly in the Cases of great advantage where appropriate charges on the wall side 7A occur, for example in an arrangement with several adjacent heat shield stones 1, as they is relevant when lining a combustion chamber wall. The thickness D2 of the damping insert 3 shown in FIG for example about 0.1 mm to 10.0 mm, in particular about 1.0 mm to 5.0 mm, which provides sufficiently good damping properties on the one hand and a secure connection with the Base material 19 of the heat shield brick 1 can be reached on the other hand are.

In FIG 13, a device 21 is in a section Lining a combustion chamber wall shown. The facility 21 has a heat shield brick 1 according to the previous ones Designs and a support structure 23. 13 shows a view of the device 21 on the hot side 5 of the heat shield stone 1. The heat shield stone 1 also borders its surface (not recognizable, see FIG. 14) on the support structure 23 and is attached to a fastening element 25 attached to the support structure 23. For attachment, the Support structure 23 has a fastening groove 37 into which the fastening element 25 engages. For attaching the heat shield brick 1 engages the fastener 25 at the same time a heat shield stone groove 39. In the device 21 are several heat shield stones 1 arranged adjacent to each other, so that a comprehensive lining, for example one Combustion chamber wall, is accessible. Every heat shield stone is there 1 with four fasteners 25 each attached to the support structure 23, making a particularly secure Hold the heat shield stones 1 on the support structure 23 guaranteed is. In the device 21, the heat shield stones 1 also be attached resiliently. Advantageous is the attachment shown in FIG 13 by the side in fastening elements 25 engaging heat shield brick 1, because this makes the hot side 5 not or only insignificantly is affected. The fasteners 25 are, for example made of a high temperature resistant metal by the type of lateral attachment and its geometric Design not directly a hot medium M (see FIG. 14) exposed during operation.

Figure 14 shows a sectional view of that shown in Figure 13 Device 21 for lining a combustion chamber wall the cutting line XIV-XIV. When using device 21, for example as the lining of a combustion chamber of a gas turbine, is the hot side 5 of the heat shield brick 1A with a is called medium M, e.g. a hot combustion gas. Very high temperatures of the hot occur Medium M from 1200 ° C to 1400 ° C. In addition, you can Vibrations or transient shock loads occur in the combustion chamber. To these thermal and mechanical loads To permanently withstand, the device 21 has a coolant duct 43, which is provided in the support structure 23 is. The coolant duct 43 is in flow connection with a gap 41 through which the surface 9 of the Heat shield brick 1A is spaced from the support structure 23. Thus a coolant K, e.g. Cooling air, through the coolant duct 43 get into the gap 41. In the gap 41 coolant K cools both surface 9 of the heat shield brick 1A as well as the support structure 23, in particular the fastening groove 37 and the fastening element 25. In addition to the direct cooling effect of the coolant K in Gap 9 also acts as a barrier to entry achieved by hot medium M in the gap 41, which makes a particular efficient protection against high temperatures and a possible oxidative and / or corrosive attack is reached. To dampen vibrations and shocks the heat shield brick 1A on a damping insert 3, the integral Part of the heat shield brick 1A and is complete forms the surface 9 of the wall side 7. A risk of breakage which, for example, when the heat shield brick is opened 1A occur on the support structure 23 as a result of an impact can be countered very effectively. In the event of breakage of the heat shield brick 1A, this is moreover by the damping insert 3 against loosening of fragments secured by the damping insert. The damping properties and the passive safety of these Device 21 is compared to conventional designs thus significantly increased. In addition, the device 21 can can be found in conventional designs, with a Separating layer 45 can be configured, which on the support structure 23rd is arranged. The separating layer 45 can on the support structure 23 be suitably fastened, for example screwed or glued or stapled. The separation layer 45 has essential thermal insulation properties compared to high temperatures of the hot medium M and protects the supporting structure 23 accordingly.

In Figure 15 is a number of heat shield bricks 1A through 1D shown, for the sake of clarity on the representation of a Support structure 23 and fasteners 25 (see Figures 13 and 14) have been dispensed with. The four heat shield stones 1A to 1D have a square plan on and are regularly under in a square grid Formation of a joint 47 arranged. The heat shield stones 1A and 1B are fixed to one another via a damping insert 3D connected. The heat shield stones 1A to 1D are over one Damping insert 3C, which is in the center of symmetry of the arrangement attached above the parting line 47, firmly connected. Damping inserts 3A and 3B are also provided, which are at least partially arranged in the parting line 47 are. This allows damping in the area of the parting line 47 with a movement of the heat shield stones 1A to 1D relative are guaranteed to each other. The connection of several heat shield stones 1A to 1D with each other via corresponding Damping inserts 3D, 3C have a particularly favorable effect on the Vibration behavior of the overall system made of heat shield stones 1A to 1D. The connection allows relative movements be safely absorbed and local energy input as a result of an impact on the connecting damping inserts 3C, 3D at least partially forwarded and up different heat shield stones 1A to 1D can be distributed. The Heat shield stones 1A to 1D thus act as a coupled and Dissipative overall system, whereby the energy input as a result distributed according to a push and from the various Heat shield stones 1A to 1D is added. Local peak loads with energy input into a single heat shield brick 1A to 1D are avoided.

Figure 16 shows a simplified sectional view of the figure 13 shown device 21 along the section line XVI-XVI. The mode of operation of the heat shield brick is shown in FIG 1A, 1B with the damping insert 3A, 3B briefly illustrated become. The damping inserts 3A, 3B are designed such that vibrations and / or bumps along a first Axis 49 and along a second axis 51 are damped. The first axis 49 extends perpendicular to the support structure 23, i.e. essentially also perpendicular to the hot side 5 and to the wall side 7 of the heat shield brick 1A, 1B. The second axis 51 extends along the support structure 23, i.e. essentially parallel to the hot side 5 and Wall side 7 of the heat shield brick 1A, 1B. Through the damping inserts 3A, 3B can thus vibrations and / or shocks between a heat shield brick 1A and the supporting structure 23 be damped along the first axis 49, which in particular in the event of an impact of the heat shield brick 1A on the supporting structure 23 takes place by bridging the gap 41. Farther can cause vibrations and / or shocks between a heat shield brick 1A and another heat shield brick 1B the second axis 51 are damped. This is the damping insert 3A of the heat shield brick 1A and the damping insert 3B of the heat shield brick 1B at least partially in Area of the parting line 47 arranged. For shock absorption along axis 51 may alternatively or additionally to Damping insert 3A, 3B a separate damping element (not shown) can be arranged in the region of the parting line 47, which is not necessarily with a heat shield brick 1A, 1B is connected.

Figure 17 shows a highly schematic in a longitudinal section Gas turbine 53. Along a turbine axis 55 are on top of each other arranged as follows: a compressor 57, a combustion chamber 59 and a turbine part 61. The combustion chamber 59 is with a combustion chamber liner 63 lined inside. Through the Combustion chamber wall 65 a support structure 23 is formed. The Combustion chamber 59 has heat shield bricks 1A, 1B according to the above Executions on. Especially with a gas turbine 53 it can considerable vibrations occur, for example, from combustion chamber hum. In the event of a resonance, even jerky acoustic signals Combustion chamber vibrations with large vibration amplitudes occur. These vibrations lead to considerable stress the combustion chamber lining 63. Both the support structure 63 and the heat shield stones 1A, 1B are affected. Above all, the heat shield stones are caused by impacts 1A, 1B endangered, especially because of the existing Risk of breakage. By designing the heat shield stones 1A, 1B with a respective damping insert 3A, 3B is a cushioned, springy holder for the heat shield stones 1A, 1B in the support structure 23. This gives the combustion chamber lining is particularly insensitive 65 against shocks or vibrations. The one Damping insert 3A, 3B having heat shield stones 1A, 1B are both for exposure to the high temperatures of the hot medium M, for example up to 1400 ° C in a gas turbine 53, as well as compared to a high mechanical one Energy input due to shocks and / or vibrations resistant. Through the damping insert 3A, 3B is above In addition, the passive safety of the gas turbine 53 is significantly increased.

Claims (19)

Heat shield brick (1, 1A, 1B), in particular for lining a combustion chamber wall (65), with a hot side (5) which can be exposed to a hot medium (M),
characterized by at least one damping insert (3, 3A, 3B) which is attached outside the hot side (5). Heat shield brick (1, 1A, 1B) according to claim 1 with a wall side (7, 7A) opposite or adjacent to the hot side (5),
characterized in that the damping insert (3, 3A, 3B) at least partially forms the surface (9, 9A) of the wall side. Heat shield brick (1, 1A, 1B) according to claim 2,
characterized in that the surface (9, 9A) has a plurality of partial surfaces (11, 11A, 11B) which are formed by damping inserts (3, 3A, 3B). Heat shield brick (1, 1A, 1B) according to claim 3,
characterized in that the damping inserts (3, 3A, 3B) are arranged regularly, in particular symmetrically. Heat shield brick (1, 1A, 1B) according to claim 2,
characterized in that the surface (9, 9A) is completely formed by a single damping insert (3, 3A, 3B). Heat shield brick (1, 1A, 1B) according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that the damping insert (3, 3A, 3B) is designed as a fabric (13), in particular as a fabric mat. Heat shield brick (1, 1A, 1B) according to one of claims 1 to 6,
characterized in that the damping insert (3, 3A, 3B) consists of a ceramic material (15), in particular of a ceramic fiber material. Heat shield brick (1, 1A, 1B) according to one of claims 1 to 6,
characterized in that the damping insert (3, 3A, 3B) consists of a metallic material (17), in particular of a metallic wire material. Heat shield brick (1, 1A, 1B) according to one of claims 1 to 8,
characterized in that it consists of a base material (19), in particular a refractory ceramic, and that the damping insert (3, 3A, 3B) is firmly connected to the base material (19). Heat shield brick (1, 1A, 1B) according to claim 9,
characterized in that the damping insert (3, 3A, 3B) is cast into the base material (19), glued to the base material (19) or embedded in the base material (19). Heat shield brick (1, 1A, 1B) according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that it has a total thickness (D1), the damping insert (3, 3A, 3B) having a thickness (D2) which is significantly smaller than the total thickness (D1), in particular approximately 1% to 20% of the total thickness (D1 ), is. Heat shield brick (1, 1A, 1B) according to claim 11,
characterized in that the damping insert (3, 3A, 3B) has a thickness (D2) of approximately 0.1 mm to 10.0 mm, in particular approximately 1.0 mm to 5.0 mm. Device for lining a combustion chamber wall (65),
characterized by at least one heat shield brick (1, 1A, 1B) according to one of the preceding claims and a support structure (23), the heat shield brick (1, 1A, 1B) with its surface (9) adjoining the support structure (23) and with at least a fastening element (25) is fastened to the supporting structure (23). Device (21) according to claim 13,
characterized in that the fastening element (25) engages laterally, in particular along the wall side surface (9, 27), in the heat shield brick (1, 1A, 1B). Device (21) according to claim 13 or 14,
characterized in that several heat shield stones (1, 1A, 1B) are attached to the supporting structure. Device (21) according to claim 15,
characterized in that damping inserts (3, 3A, 3B) of two heat shield stones (1, 1A, 1B) arranged adjacent to one another overlap. Device (21) according to claim 15 or 16,
characterized in that two heat shield stones (1, 1A, 1B) arranged adjacent to one another are connected to one another via a damping insert (3, 3A, 3B). Device (21) according to one of claims 13 to 17,
characterized in that the heat shield brick (1, 1A, 1B) and the support structure (23) are provided in a combustion chamber (59), in particular a gas turbine combustion chamber. Gas turbine (53) with a combustion chamber (59) and a device (21) according to one of claims 13 to 18.

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