EP0419487B1 - Heat shield arrangement with low coolant fluid requirement - Google Patents
Heat shield arrangement with low coolant fluid requirement Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0419487B1 EP0419487B1 EP89903097A EP89903097A EP0419487B1 EP 0419487 B1 EP0419487 B1 EP 0419487B1 EP 89903097 A EP89903097 A EP 89903097A EP 89903097 A EP89903097 A EP 89903097A EP 0419487 B1 EP0419487 B1 EP 0419487B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- heat shield
- arrangement according
- shield arrangement
- clamp
- supporting structure
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 title 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000001674 Agaricus brunnescens Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003779 heat-resistant material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000826860 Trapezium Species 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012809 cooling fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007373 indentation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001295925 Gegenes Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
- F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
- F23R3/007—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel constructed mainly of ceramic components
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T403/00—Joints and connections
- Y10T403/22—Joints and connections with fluid pressure responsive component
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a heat shield arrangement for a support structure of any shape which carries a hot fluid, according to the preamble of claim 1.
- a metallic heat shield that is well suited for lining complexly shaped structures is described in EP-A-0 224 817.
- a disadvantage of the arrangement described can be the need for cooling fluid, which in gas turbine systems, for example, may have to be covered at the expense of the air available for combustion.
- a ceramic heat shield that needs to be cooled less is described in DE-A-36 25 056.
- the arrangement is not as well suited for complex shaped structures; furthermore, the metallic fastening elements of the stones are directly exposed to the hot fluid, so that the basic advantage of the low cooling fluid requirement can be limited again.
- GB-A-2075 659 proposes a heat shield arrangement made of ceramic stones which is intended for lining simple structures and the stones on their sides facing away from the hot fluid have straight strips running over their entire width, to which they are attached to a supporting structure will. On such stones, however, considerable thermal stresses arise under thermal stress, since the thermal expansion of the areas of a stone facing the hot fluid is considerably impeded by the bar, which remains cool.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a ceramic heat shield arrangement which is suitable for lining complicatedly shaped structures, has no metallic elements exposed to the hot fluid and whose ceramic elements are designed in such a way that the occurrence of mechanical stresses under thermal stress is largely avoided.
- the hat part which is directly exposed to the hot fluid can expand and deform freely away from the shaft part, without causing significant thermal stresses.
- the metallic clamp which surrounds the shaft part of the heat shield element and serves to anchor it to the support structure, is shielded from the hot fluid by the hat part, so that its thermal load is significantly lower than that of the ceramic.
- a fluid that is conveyed through channels in the support structure into the space between it and the heat shield is therefore primarily used not for cooling but for blocking purposes; it should prevent z.
- B. hot fluid enters the gap through the expansion gaps between the ceramic elements and damages the supporting structure or clamps.
- An essential component of the clip is a resilient element between the part that surrounds the heat shield and the part that is firmly connected to the supporting structure.
- the heat shield elements are additionally supported in order to fix the position of the heat shield elements and to determine the height of the space between the support structure and the heat shield arrangement.
- This support can take place both on the hat parts and on the shaft parts; corresponding supports can advantageously be either fixed to the heat shield elements or fixed to the support structure.
- the heat shield elements can also be supported with the brackets, in that the shapes of the brackets engage in the indentations of the shaft parts and attach to the hat part or form supports for the hat parts. In this way, particularly simple shapes are created both for the supporting structure and for the heat shield elements, since there is no longer any need to provide any formations serving as supports.
- each heat shield element in the longitudinal direction of the shaft part has a through hole through the hat and shaft part
- the z. B. can serve to achieve a fastener with which the clip is attached to the support structure. It makes sense to fix the heat shield element holding bracket with a screw on the support structure, the head of the screw in the extension of the through hat and shaft part through which he z. B. can be achieved with a screwdriver. A simple assembly of the heat shield arrangement from the interior of the structure to be lined is thus possible.
- the shaft part of each heat shield element has a trapezoidal cross section in at least one plane, possibly with rounded corners, with the wider side of the trapezoid on the hat part opposite end of the shaft part.
- a shaft part is particularly suitable for the type of fastening according to the invention with a clip which engages around the shaft part.
- the shaft parts of the heat shield elements are also favorable to give the shaft parts of the heat shield elements at least approximately the shape of rotating bodies. In this way, the heat shield elements can be rotated in their fastenings, which considerably simplifies the alignment of the elements during assembly.
- a particularly advantageous form of the clip is the shape of a bulbous barrel and / or a convex, double truncated double cone, each with slotted walls. These shapes best ensure the resilient fit of the heat shield element; the area with the largest diameter serves as a resilient element of this clamp.
- Each clamp may also consist of two or more individual parts, which in turn can be bent together from flat sheet metal parts.
- each clamp be secured with at least one anti-rotation device, e.g. B. a small screw or dowel.
- FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of the heat shield element 1, anchored to a support structure 3 by means of a clip 6. Between the hat parts 1.1 and two heat shield elements 1 there are expansion gaps 2 in order to enable thermal deformations of the hat parts 1.1. The penetration of hot fluid from the hot gas space 5 through expansion gaps 2 and possibly existing bores 1.3 in the heat shield elements 1 into the space 4 between the heat shield and the support structure 3 can be prevented by supplying barrier fluid through the channels 3.3.
- the clamp 6 is fastened to the supporting structure 3 by means of a screw 7 and secured by an anti-rotation device 8.
- the screw 7 is shown partially loosened. If necessary, a washer 10 can also be inserted between screw 7 and clamp 6 as an anti-rotation device.
- Figure 1 shows two exemplary embodiments: the heat shield elements are supported on the hat parts 1.1; the supports 3.1 and 1.1.1 are either connected to the support structure 3 or to a hat part 1.1.
- FIG. 2 A further design option for the supports is shown in FIG. 2.
- the supports 6.5 are integrated in the bracket 6 and consist of supporting kinks 6.5.1 which engage in indentations 1.2.3 at the transition from the shaft part to the hat part of the heat shield element 1 and supporting surfaces 6.5.2 on which the hat part rests.
- Bracket 6 The essential parts of the bracket 6 are, as shown in Figure 2 of a special embodiment shows at least one holding element which surrounds the flank 1.2.2 of the shaft part and is provided by a conical flank 6.4 of the clamp 6, and at least one spring element, shown in FIG. 2 by the kink 6.3.
- the exact design of that part of the clip that is attached to the heat shield is of minor importance for the invention.
- the clamp 6, as shown in FIG. 4, is bent from a sheet metal part 9.
- Figure 3 shows the curved bracket 6, without the heat shield element 1, seen from the hot gas side 5.
- a widened slot 6.8 serves to accommodate the anti-rotation device 8. If the clip 6 is to be formed before the final assembly of the heat shield element 1, the molded part 9 can be divided, as indicated, for example, by the dividing line 9.1.
- the clamp 6 is preferably with an Allen screw 7, possibly with the addition of an anti-rotation device 8 (screw, dowel pin or the like), in a depression 3.2 of the support structure 3 or its own mount 3.4 placed on the support structure 3, both with sloping walls 3.2.1 and 3.4.1, respectively.
- the bottom 3.2.2, 3.4.2 of the countersink 3.2 or version 3.4 should have a slightly larger diameter than the bottom part 6.1 of the bracket 6, in order to ensure that the bracket 6 can be drawn into the bottom 3.2.2, 3.4.2.
- it In order to be able to reach the screw head 7.1 during the assembly of the heat shield element 1, it has a corresponding bore 1.3.
- the tensile force with which the heat shield element 1 is held on its supports 1.1.1, 3.1 or 6.5.2 is limited when the tension in the resilient kink 6.3 of the clamp 6 reaches the plasticity limit; the thickness of the clamp-shaped part 9 is therefore to be chosen in accordance with the material properties so that the maximum tensile force remains limited to a size that is safe with regard to the risk of breakage of the ceramic.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Connection Of Plates (AREA)
- Exhaust Silencers (AREA)
- Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine Hitzeschildanordnung für eine ein heißes Fluid führende Tragstruktur beliebiger Form gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The present invention relates to a heat shield arrangement for a support structure of any shape which carries a hot fluid, according to the preamble of
Eine solche Hitzeschildanordnung geht hervor aus der GB-A 2 075 659.Such a heat shield arrangement is shown in GB-A 2 075 659.
Ein metallischer Hitzeschild, der zur Auskleidung kompliziert geformter Strukturen gut geeignet ist, wird in der EP-A-0 224 817 beschrieben. Nachteilig an der beschriebenen Anordnung kann der Bedarf an Kühlfluid sein, der etwa in Gasturbinenanlagen unter Umständen auf Kosten der zur Verbrennung zur Verfügung stehenden Luft gedeckt werden muß.A metallic heat shield that is well suited for lining complexly shaped structures is described in EP-A-0 224 817. A disadvantage of the arrangement described can be the need for cooling fluid, which in gas turbine systems, for example, may have to be covered at the expense of the air available for combustion.
Ein keramischer Hitzeschild, der weniger gekühlt werden muß, wird in der DE-A-36 25 056 beschrieben. Die Anordnung ist jedoch, da sie aus gleichartigen rechteckig geformten Steinen besteht, für kompliziert geformte Strukturen nicht beliebig gut geeignet; weiterhin sind die metallischen Befestigungselemente der Steine unmittelbar dem heißen Fluid ausgesetzt, so daß der prinzipielle Vorteil des geringen Kühlfluidbedarfs wieder eingeschränkt sein kann.A ceramic heat shield that needs to be cooled less is described in DE-A-36 25 056. However, since it consists of similar rectangular shaped stones, the arrangement is not as well suited for complex shaped structures; furthermore, the metallic fastening elements of the stones are directly exposed to the hot fluid, so that the basic advantage of the low cooling fluid requirement can be limited again.
In der GB-A-2075 659 wird eine Hitzeschildanordnung aus keramischen Steinen vorgeschlagen, die zur Auskleidung einfacher Strukturen bestimmt ist und wobei die Steine an ihren dem heißen Fluid abgewandten Seiten über deren gesamte Breite verlaufende gerade Leisten aufweisen, an denen sie an einer Tragstruktur befestigt werden. An derartigen Steinen entstehen jedoch bei thermischer Belastung beträchtliche Wärmespannungen, da die thermische Ausdehnung der dem heißen Fluid zugewandten Bereiche eines Steins von der kühl bleibenden Leiste beträchtlich behindert wird.GB-A-2075 659 proposes a heat shield arrangement made of ceramic stones which is intended for lining simple structures and the stones on their sides facing away from the hot fluid have straight strips running over their entire width, to which they are attached to a supporting structure will. On such stones, however, considerable thermal stresses arise under thermal stress, since the thermal expansion of the areas of a stone facing the hot fluid is considerably impeded by the bar, which remains cool.
Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist die Schaffung einer keramischen Hitzeschildanordnung, die sich zur Auskleidung kompliziert geformter Strukturen eignet, keine dem heißen Fluid ausgesetzten metallischen Elemente aufweist und deren keramische Elemente so gestaltet sind, daß das Auftreten mechanischer Spannungen unter thermischer Belastung weitestgehend vermieden wird.The object of the present invention is to provide a ceramic heat shield arrangement which is suitable for lining complicatedly shaped structures, has no metallic elements exposed to the hot fluid and whose ceramic elements are designed in such a way that the occurrence of mechanical stresses under thermal stress is largely avoided.
Erfindungsgemäß wird eine Hitzeschildanordnung für eine heißes Fluid führende Struktur, insbesondere ein metallisches Bauteil einer Gasturbinenanlage oder einer Brennkammer, angegeben, die aus keramischen Hitzeschildelementen besteht, wobei
- a) die Hitzeschildelemente flächendeckend unter Belassung von Dehnungsspalten zwischeneinander an einer Tragstruktur verankert sind;
- b) zwischen den Hitzeschildelementen und der Tragstruktur ein Zwischenraum liegt, der durch Kanäle in der Tragstruktur mit einem Fluid beaufschlagbar ist;
- c) jedes Hitzeschildelement nach Art eines Pilzes einen Hutteil und einen Schaftteil aufweist, und der Hutteil ein ebenes oder gekrümmtes Vieleck mit geraden oder gebogenen Randlinien ist;
- d) der Schaftteil an einem dem Hutteil abgewandten Ende Wülste aufweist, die von einer unter Spannung shehenden Klammer umgriffen sind;
- e) die Klammer aus wärmefestem Material von wesentlich höherer Elastizität als derjenigen des Materials der Hitzeschildelemente besteht, vorzugsweise aus Metall, insbesondere aus einer warmfesten Legierung, und eine eine Federwirkung bedingende Form hat;
- f) jedes Hitzeschildelement zur Fixierung seiner Lage an dem Hutteil und/oder an dem Schaftteil gegen die Tragstruktur abgestützt ist.
- a) the heat shield elements are anchored extensively to one another on a supporting structure, leaving expansion gaps;
- b) there is an intermediate space between the heat shield elements and the support structure which can be acted upon by a fluid through channels in the support structure;
- c) each heat shield element in the manner of a mushroom has a hat part and a shaft part, and the hat part is a flat or curved polygon with straight or curved edge lines;
- d) the shaft part has beads at one end facing away from the hat part, which are encompassed by a clip that looks under tension;
- e) the clip is made of heat-resistant material of substantially higher elasticity than that of the material of the heat shield elements, preferably of metal, in particular of a heat-resistant alloy, and has a shape which requires a spring action;
- f) each heat shield element is supported against the supporting structure for fixing its position on the hat part and / or on the shaft part.
Durch den Aufbau eines Hitzeschildelementes nach Art eines Pilzes kann sich der unmittelbar dem heißen Fluid ausgesetzte Hutteil frei vom Schaftteil weg ausdehnen und verformen, ohne daß es zu erheblichen Wärmespannungen kommt. Die metallische Klammer, die den Schaftteil des Hitzeschildelementes umgreift und zu seiner Verankerung an der Tragstruktur dient, ist durch den Hutteil vom heißen Fluid abgeschirmt, so daß ihre Wärmebelastung wesentlich niedriger als die der Keramik ist. Ein Fluid, das durch Kanäle in der Tragstruktur in den Zwischenraum zwischen diese und den Hitzeschild befördert wird, dient daher in erster Linie nicht zu Kühl-, sondern zu Sperrzwecken; es soll verhindern, daß z. B. durch die Dehnungsspalte zwischen den Keramikelementen heißes Fluid in den Zwischenraum gelangt und Tragstruktur oder Klammern beschädigt.By constructing a heat shield element in the manner of a mushroom, the hat part which is directly exposed to the hot fluid can expand and deform freely away from the shaft part, without causing significant thermal stresses. The metallic clamp, which surrounds the shaft part of the heat shield element and serves to anchor it to the support structure, is shielded from the hot fluid by the hat part, so that its thermal load is significantly lower than that of the ceramic. A fluid that is conveyed through channels in the support structure into the space between it and the heat shield is therefore primarily used not for cooling but for blocking purposes; it should prevent z. B. hot fluid enters the gap through the expansion gaps between the ceramic elements and damages the supporting structure or clamps.
Ein wesentlicher Bestandteil der Klammer ist ein federndes Element zwischen dem das Hitzeschild umgreifenden und dem mit der Tragstruktur fest verbundenen Teil. Die Kraft, mit der das Hitzeschildelement am Hutteil und/oder Schaftteil auf entsprechenden, den Abstand zur Tragstruktur definierenden Stützen gehalten wird, soll im wesentlichen durch die Federkraft der Klammer gegeben sein und nicht zu groß werden, damit zum Bruch führende Zug- und Biegebelastungen der Keramik sicher vermieden werden.An essential component of the clip is a resilient element between the part that surrounds the heat shield and the part that is firmly connected to the supporting structure. The force with which the heat shield element on the hat part and / or shaft part on corresponding supports defining the distance to the supporting structure is held, should essentially be given by the spring force of the clamp and should not be too large, so that tensile and bending stresses on the ceramic leading to breakage are reliably avoided.
Zur Lagefixierung der Hitzeschildelemente und zur Bestimmung der Höhe des Zwischenraumes zwischen Tragstruktur und Hitzeschildanordnung werden die Hitzeschildelemente zusätzlich abgestützt. Diese Abstützung kann dabei sowohl an den Hutteilen als auch an den Schaftteilen erfolgen; entsprechende Stützen können dabei vorteilhafterweise entweder fest mit den Hitzeschildelementen oder fest mit der Tragstruktur verbunden sein.The heat shield elements are additionally supported in order to fix the position of the heat shield elements and to determine the height of the space between the support structure and the heat shield arrangement. This support can take place both on the hat parts and on the shaft parts; corresponding supports can advantageously be either fixed to the heat shield elements or fixed to the support structure.
In günstiger Ausgestaltung der Erfindung kann die Abstützung der Hitzeschildelemente auch mit den Klammern erfolgen, indem Ausformungen der Klammern in Einbuchtungen der Schaftteile an den Hutteil ansetzend eingreifen bzw. Auflagen für die Hutteile bilden. Auf diese Weise entstehen besonders einfache Formen sowohl für die Tragstruktur als auch für die Hitzeschildelemente, da keine als Stützen dienende Ausformungen mehr vorgesehen werden müssen.In a favorable embodiment of the invention, the heat shield elements can also be supported with the brackets, in that the shapes of the brackets engage in the indentations of the shaft parts and attach to the hat part or form supports for the hat parts. In this way, particularly simple shapes are created both for the supporting structure and for the heat shield elements, since there is no longer any need to provide any formations serving as supports.
Günstig ist es, wenn jedes Hitzeschildelement in Längsrichtung des Schaftteiles ein durch Hut- und Schaftteil durchgehendes Loch aufweist, das z. B. dazu dienen kann, ein Befestigungselement zu erreichen, mit dem die Klammer an der Tragstruktur befestigt wird. Sinnvoll ist es, die das Hitzeschildelement haltende Klammer mit einer Schraube an der Tragstruktur zu fixieren, wobei der Kopf der Schraube in der Verlängerung des durch Hut- und Schaftteil durchgehenden Loches, durch das er z. B. mit einem Schraubenzieher erreicht werden kann, liegt. Eine einfache Montage der Hitzeschildanordnung vom Innenraum der auszukleidenden Struktur ist damit möglich.It is advantageous if each heat shield element in the longitudinal direction of the shaft part has a through hole through the hat and shaft part, the z. B. can serve to achieve a fastener with which the clip is attached to the support structure. It makes sense to fix the heat shield element holding bracket with a screw on the support structure, the head of the screw in the extension of the through hat and shaft part through which he z. B. can be achieved with a screwdriver. A simple assembly of the heat shield arrangement from the interior of the structure to be lined is thus possible.
In vorteilhafter Ausgestaltung der Erfindung weist der Schaftteil jedes Hitzeschildelementes in mindestens einer Ebene einen trapezförmigen Querschnitt, eventuell mit abgerundeten Ecken, auf, wobei die breitere Seite des Trapezes an dem dem Hutteil abgewandten Ende des Schaftteiles liegt. Ein solcher Schaftteil eignet sich besonders für die erfindungsgemäße Befestigungsart mit einer Klammer, die den Schaftteil umgreift.In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the shaft part of each heat shield element has a trapezoidal cross section in at least one plane, possibly with rounded corners, with the wider side of the trapezoid on the hat part opposite end of the shaft part. Such a shaft part is particularly suitable for the type of fastening according to the invention with a clip which engages around the shaft part.
Günstig ist es ebenfalls, den Schaftteilen der Hitzeschildelemente zumindest näherungsweise die Gestalt von Rotationskörpern zu geben. Auf diese Weise können die Hitzeschildelemente in ihren Befestigungen gedreht werden, was bei der Montage die Ausrichtung der Elemente beträchtlich vereinfacht.It is also favorable to give the shaft parts of the heat shield elements at least approximately the shape of rotating bodies. In this way, the heat shield elements can be rotated in their fastenings, which considerably simplifies the alignment of the elements during assembly.
Günstig ist es, die Klammern derart an der Tragstruktur zu befestigen, daß sie sich bei der Montage von selbst schließen. Dies wird dann erreicht, wenn die Klammern entweder in entsprechenden, vorzugsweise etwa konischen Aussenkungen der Tragstruktur oder in entsprechenden Fassungen, die auf die Tragstruktur aufgesetzt sind, befestigt sind.It is expedient to fasten the clips to the support structure in such a way that they close by themselves during assembly. This is achieved when the brackets are fastened either in corresponding, preferably approximately conical recesses in the support structure or in corresponding sockets which are placed on the support structure.
Eine besonders vorteilhafte Form der Klammer ist die Form eines bauchigen Fasses und/oder eines konvexen, zweifach abgestumpften Doppelkegels, jeweils mit geschlitzten Wänden. Diese Formen gewährleisten den federnden Sitz des Hitzeschildelementes am besten; als federndes Element dieser Klammer dient dabei ihr Bereich des größten Durchmessers.A particularly advantageous form of the clip is the shape of a bulbous barrel and / or a convex, double truncated double cone, each with slotted walls. These shapes best ensure the resilient fit of the heat shield element; the area with the largest diameter serves as a resilient element of this clamp.
Günstig ist es, die Klammern zur Befestigung der Hitzeschildelemente so auszugestalten, daß sie aus ebenen Blechformteilen zusammengebogen werden können. Dabei kann jede Klammer ggf. auch aus zwei oder mehreren Einzelteilen, die ihrerseits aus ebenen Blechformteilen zusammenbiegbar sind, bestehen.It is expedient to design the clips for fastening the heat shield elements in such a way that they can be bent together from flat sheet metal parts. Each clamp may also consist of two or more individual parts, which in turn can be bent together from flat sheet metal parts.
Zur Vereinfachung der Montage ist es vorteilhaft, die Klammern gegen ein Verdrehen, wie es beim Montieren während des Eindrehens der Schrauben auftreten kann, zu sichern. Es ist empfehlenswert, jede Klammer mit mindestens einer Verdrehsicherung, z. B. einer kleinen Schraube oder einem Paßstift, zu versehen.To simplify assembly, it is advantageous to secure the clips against twisting, as can occur during assembly while the screws are being screwed in. It is recommended that each clamp be secured with at least one anti-rotation device, e.g. B. a small screw or dowel.
Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung sind in der Zeichnung dargestellt; es zeigen
Figur 1 eine mögliche Ausführung der Verkleidung,Figur 2 eine spezielle Ausführung der Klammer,Figur 3 die Klammer, gesehen von der Heißgasseite, undFigur 4 ein Formteil, aus dem die Klammer gebogen werden kann.
- FIG. 1 shows a possible embodiment of the cladding,
- FIG. 2 shows a special version of the clip,
- Figure 3 shows the bracket, seen from the hot gas side, and
- Figure 4 is a molded part from which the clip can be bent.
Figur 1 zeigt eine Ausführungsform des Hitzeschildelementes 1, mittels einer Klammer 6 verankert an einer Tragstruktur 3. Zwischen den Hutteilen 1.1 jeweils zweier Hitzeschildelemente 1 befinden sich Dehnungsspalte 2, um thermische Verformungen der Hutteile 1.1 zu ermöglichen. Das Eindringen von heißem Fluid
aus dem Heißgas-Raum 5 durch Dehnungsspalte 2 und möglicherweise vorhandene Bohrungen 1.3 in den Hitzeschildelementen 1 in den Zwischenraum 4 zwischen Hitzeschild und Tragstruktur 3 kann durch Zuführung von Sperrfluid durch die Kanäle 3.3 verhindert werden.FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of the
from the
Die Klammer 6 ist mittels einer Schraube 7 an der Tragstruktur 3 befestigt und durch eine Verdrehsicherung 8 gesichert. In Fig. 1 ist die Schraube 7 teilweise gelöst dargestellt. Zwischen Schraube 7 und Klammer 6 kann ggf. auch noch eine Unterlegscheibe 10 als Verdrehsicherung eingefügt sein.The
Zur Fixierung der Hitzeschildelemente auf der Tragstruktur müssen feste Stützen vorhanden sein. Figur 1 zeigt zwei Ausführungsbeispiele: Die Hitzeschildelemente werden an den Hutteilen 1.1 unterstützt; die Stützen 3.1 bzw. 1.1.1 sind entweder mit der Tragstruktur 3 oder mit einem Hutteil 1.1 fest verbunden.Fixed supports must be available to fix the heat shield elements on the supporting structure. Figure 1 shows two exemplary embodiments: the heat shield elements are supported on the hat parts 1.1; the supports 3.1 and 1.1.1 are either connected to the
Eine weitere Ausgestaltungsmöglichkeit für die Stützen wird in Figur 2 gezeigt. Die Stützen 6.5 sind hierbei in die Klammer 6 integriert und bestehen aus stützenden Knicken 6.5.1, die in Einbuchtungen 1.2.3 am Übergang vom Schaftteil zum Hutteil des Hitzeschildelementes 1 eingreifen und stützenden Flächen 6.5.2, auf denen das Hutteil aufliegt.A further design option for the supports is shown in FIG. 2. The supports 6.5 are integrated in the
Die wesentlichen Teile der Klammer 6 sind, wie Figur 2 anhand einer speziellen Ausführung zeigt, mindestens ein Halteelement, das die Flanke 1.2.2 des Schaftteils umgreift und durch eine konische Flanke 6.4 der Klammer 6 gegeben ist, sowie mindestens ein Federelement, in Figur 2 dargestellt durch den Knick 6.3. Die genaue Ausgestaltung desjenigen Teils der Klammer, der am Hitzeschild befestigt wird, ist für die Erfindung von untergeordneter Bedeutung.The essential parts of the
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist die Klammer 6, wie in Figur 4 gezeigt, aus einem Blechformteil 9 gebogen. Figur 3 zeigt die gebogene Klammer 6, ohne das Hitzeschildelement 1, von der Heißgasseite 5 aus gesehen. Zwischen den einzelnen Klammerfahnen 6.6 befinden sich Schlitze 6.7, die einerseits die Verformbarkeit der Klammer 6 und andererseits die Zirkulation des Sperrfluids gewährleisten. Ein verbreiterter Schlitz 6.8 dient der Aufnahme der Verdrehsicherung 8. Falls die Klammer 6 bereits vor der endgültigen Montage des Hitzeschildelementes 1 geformt werden soll, kann das Formteil 9, wie beispielsweise durch die Teilungslinie 9.1 angedeutet, geteilt werden. Die Klammer 6 wird vorzugsweise mit einer Inbus-Schraube 7, eventuell unter Beifügung einer Verdrehsicherung 8 (Schraube, Paßstift o. ä.), in einer Aussenkung 3.2 der Tragstruktur 3 oder einer eigenen, auf die Tragstruktur 3 aufgesetzten Fassung 3.4, beide jeweils mit schrägen Wänden 3.2.1 bzw 3.4.1, befestigt. Der Boden 3.2.2, 3.4.2 der Aussenkung 3.2 oder Fassung 3.4 sollte einen geringfügig größeren Durchmesser als das Bodenteil 6.1 der Klammer 6 haben, um sicherzustellen, daß die Klammer 6 bis zum Boden 3.2.2, 3.4.2 hineingezogen werden kann. Um den Schraubenkopf 7.1 bei der Montage des Hitzeschildelementes 1 erreichen zu können, weist dieses eine entsprechende Bohrung 1.3 auf. Eine Begrenzung der Zugkraft, mit der das Hitzeschildelement 1 auf seinen Stützen 1.1.1, 3.1 bzw. 6.5.2 gehalten wird, erfolgt dann, wenn die Spannung im federnden Knick 6.3 der Klammer 6 die plastizitätsgrenze erreicht; die Dicke des Klammerformteils 9 ist daher nach Maßgabe der Materialeigenschaften so zu wählen, daß die maximale Zugkraft auf eine hinsichtlich der Bruchgefahr der Keramik sichere Größe beschränkt bleibt.In a preferred embodiment, the
Claims (15)
- Heat shield arrangement for a structure carrying hot fluid, in particular a metal component of a gas turbine installation or a combustion chamber, comprising ceramic heat shield elements (1), witha) the heat shield elements (1) being fastened to a supporting structure (3) so that they cover the surface, leaving expansion gaps (2) between them;b) an intermediate space (4) being located between the heat shield elements (1) and the supporting structure (3), which intermediate space (4) can admit a fluid through channels (3.3) in the supporting structure (3);characterised in thatc) each heat shield element (1) being in the shape of a mushroom has a cap part (1.1) and shank part (1.2), and the cap part (1.1) is a flat or curved polygon having straight or bent edges;d) the shank part (1.2) has beads (1.2.1) on an end facing away from the cap part (1.1), which beads are embraced by a clamp (6) under stress;e) the clamp (6) consists of heat resistant material with substantially greater elasticity than that of the material of the heat shield elements (1), and preferably consists of metal, in particular a heat resistant alloy, and has a shape which determines a spring effect;f) each heat shield element (1), for fixing its position on the cap part (1.1) and/or the shank part (1.2), is supported against the supporting structure (3).
- Heat shield arrangement according to claim 1, characterised in that supports (3.1) for the heat shield elements (1) are firmly connected to the supporting structure (3).
- Heat shield arrangement according to claim 1, characterised in that supports (1.1.1) for the heat shield elements (1) are firmly connected thereto.
- Heat shield arrangement according to claim 1, characterised in that supports (6.5) are formed by the clamps (6), shaped portions (6.5.1, 6.5.2) of the clamps (6) engaging in recesses (1.2.3) in the shank parts (1.2) on the cap part shoulders (6.5.1) and/or forming rests (6.5.2) for the cap parts (1.1).
- Heat shield arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the cap (1.1) and shank parts (1.2) of the heat shield elements (1) have holes (1.3) passing through them in the longitudinal direction of the shank parts (1.2).
- Heat shield arrangement according to claim 5, characterised in that the clamps (6) retaining the heat shield elements (1) are attached with screws (7) to the supporting structure (3), the heads (7.1) of which screws are located in the extension of the holes (1.3).
- Heat shield arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the shank part (1.2) of each heat shield element (1) has in at least one plane a trapezoidal cross section, possibly with rounded corners, the wider side of the trapezium being located at the end of the shank part (1.2) facing away from the cap part (1.1).
- Heat shield arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the shank parts (1.2) of the heat shield elements (1) are at least approximately bodies of revolution.
- Heat shield arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the clamps (6) are attached to the supporting structure (3) so that they are seated in countersunk recesses (3.2).
- Heat shield arrangement according to claims 1 to 8, characterised in that the clamps (6) are attached to the supporting structure (3) so that they are seated in sockets (3.4).
- Heat shield arrangement according to claim 9 or 10, characterised in that each clamp (6) has the approximate shape of a bulging barrel or a convex double cone with double truncation with slit walls (6.7) in each case.
- Heat shield arrangement according to claim 11, characterised in that each clamp (6) is bent into a closed shape from a star-shaped, flat sheet-metal blank (9).
- Heat shield arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that each clamp (6) is composed of two or more individual parts.
- Heat shield arrangement according to claim 13, characterised in that the individual parts of the clamps (6) are bent into closed shapes from flat sheet-metal blanks (9).
- Heat shield arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that each clamp (6) is provided with at least one torsion-preventing means (8).
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE3820104 | 1988-06-13 | ||
DE3820104 | 1988-06-13 | ||
PCT/DE1989/000125 WO1989012789A1 (en) | 1988-06-13 | 1989-03-10 | Heat shield arrangement with low coolant fluid requirement |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0419487A1 EP0419487A1 (en) | 1991-04-03 |
EP0419487B1 true EP0419487B1 (en) | 1994-11-23 |
Family
ID=6356459
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP89903097A Expired - Lifetime EP0419487B1 (en) | 1988-06-13 | 1989-03-10 | Heat shield arrangement with low coolant fluid requirement |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5083424A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0419487B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPH03504999A (en) |
DE (1) | DE58908665D1 (en) |
IN (1) | IN171210B (en) |
WO (1) | WO1989012789A1 (en) |
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US9803868B2 (en) * | 2011-05-20 | 2017-10-31 | Siemens Energy, Inc. | Thermally compliant support for a combustion system |
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1989
- 1989-03-10 EP EP89903097A patent/EP0419487B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-03-10 DE DE58908665T patent/DE58908665D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1989-03-10 JP JP1502827A patent/JPH03504999A/en active Pending
- 1989-03-10 WO PCT/DE1989/000125 patent/WO1989012789A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1989-06-05 IN IN431/CAL/89A patent/IN171210B/en unknown
-
1990
- 1990-12-10 US US07/625,201 patent/US5083424A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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EP1126221A1 (en) | 2000-02-17 | 2001-08-22 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Padded refactory tile as liner for a gas turbine combustor |
DE10046094A1 (en) * | 2000-09-18 | 2002-05-02 | Siemens Ag | Heat shield brick for lining a combustion chamber wall, combustion chamber and gas turbine |
DE10046094C2 (en) * | 2000-09-18 | 2002-09-19 | Siemens Ag | Heat shield brick for lining a combustion chamber wall |
WO2002025173A1 (en) | 2000-09-22 | 2002-03-28 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Heat-shield brick, combustion chamber comprising an internal combustion chamber lining and a gas turbine |
US7540710B2 (en) | 2003-10-27 | 2009-06-02 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Turbine blade for use in a gas turbine |
US7805945B2 (en) | 2003-10-27 | 2010-10-05 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Thermal shield, especially for lining the wall of a combustion chamber |
US8857190B2 (en) | 2003-10-27 | 2014-10-14 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Heat shield element, in particular for lining a combustion chamber wall |
EP1715249A1 (en) * | 2005-04-19 | 2006-10-25 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Heat Shield Element and Combustion Chamber with a Heat Shield |
EP1715250A1 (en) * | 2005-04-19 | 2006-10-25 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Heat shield element for covering the wall of a combustion chamber, combustion chamber and gas turbine |
US7942007B2 (en) | 2005-04-19 | 2011-05-17 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Heat shield element for lining a combustion chamber wall, combustion chamber and gas turbine |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE58908665D1 (en) | 1995-01-05 |
WO1989012789A1 (en) | 1989-12-28 |
JPH03504999A (en) | 1991-10-31 |
US5083424A (en) | 1992-01-28 |
EP0419487A1 (en) | 1991-04-03 |
IN171210B (en) | 1992-08-15 |
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