EP2049841B1 - Combustion chamber of a combustion plant - Google Patents

Combustion chamber of a combustion plant Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2049841B1
EP2049841B1 EP07787170.5A EP07787170A EP2049841B1 EP 2049841 B1 EP2049841 B1 EP 2049841B1 EP 07787170 A EP07787170 A EP 07787170A EP 2049841 B1 EP2049841 B1 EP 2049841B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
gap
combustion chamber
liner
region
cooling
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EP07787170.5A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2049841A2 (en
Inventor
Stefan Tschirren
Daniel Burri
Andreas Dr. Abdon
Christian Dr. Steinbach
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Ansaldo Energia IP UK Ltd
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General Electric Technology GmbH
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23M—CASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F23M5/00—Casings; Linings; Walls
    • F23M5/08—Cooling thereof; Tube walls
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
    • F23R3/002—Wall structures

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a combustion chamber of a combustion plant, in particular a gas turbine, with a heat shield having at least two segments.
  • combustion chambers of a combustion system such as a gas turbine, equipped with a so-called heat shield, which protects an underlying support structure from direct contact with a hot gas stream.
  • a heat shield which protects an underlying support structure from direct contact with a hot gas stream.
  • the longevity of the incinerator is crucial, so that the proper functioning of the heat shield must be guaranteed.
  • modern heat shields usually consist of several segments, With several liner elements, gaps form between two adjacent liner elements into which a stream of hot gas can enter.
  • a support element is often arranged which on the one hand carries at least one liner element and on the other hand is not protected in the worst case by the liner element from direct access contact with the hot gas stream and this is thus exposed unprotected.
  • Such gaps thus constitute potential weak points.
  • the gaps between the liner elements are to be protected from too high a temperature load.
  • DE19727407 relates to a heat shield, in particular for a flame tube of a gas turbine combustion chamber
  • EP1507116 relates to a heat shield assembly for a hot gas leading component
  • DE8618859 relates to a heat shield for protecting a support structure from a hot fluid.
  • the invention deals with the problem of providing for a combustion chamber of the type mentioned in an improved embodiment, which is characterized in particular by a locally adapted cooling of a heat shield.
  • the invention is based on the general idea of locally cooling a gap which is arranged between two liner elements of a heat shield and open towards a combustion chamber and thereby effectively protecting a support element arranged in the region of a split bottom from direct hot gas exposure.
  • the thermal protection shield provided for heat protection has at least two segments, each of which comprises a, a combustion chamber facing the liner element and a holding device which defines the liner element via a support member to a support structure.
  • each liner element has an edge region which simultaneously forms a wall of a gap located between two liner elements and open towards the combustion chamber. In the area of a floor while a support member is arranged, which closes the gap on its side facing away from the combustion chamber.
  • At least one through opening is provided in at least one edge region of a liner element and / or in the bottom, ie, in the support element, through which cooling gas flows into the gap, thereby cooling the film from the two edge regions adjoining liner elements formed gap walls.
  • an effective cooling of the gap can be achieved without substantially increasing the oxygen content in the combustion chamber and thereby the NO x emissions of the incinerator.
  • a passage opening are provided in only one of the two edge regions of the liner elements, in both edge regions, only in the bottom or at least one edge region and the bottom, so adapted depending on locally required cooling demand cooling by different arrangement of the through holes can be.
  • the edge region of the liner element expediently engages behind a flange region formed by the holding device. This allows reliable retention of the liner element via the holding device on the support element or on the support structure, wherein compared to a direct screwing temperature expansions are easily absorbed. Such a holder of the liner elements thus reduces the risk of excessive voltages due to thermal expansion and thereby contributes to the longevity of the incinerator.
  • At least the edge regions of the liner elements and / or the support element have a temperature protection layer in the region of the split bottom.
  • a temperature protection layer improves the resistance of the liner elements or of the support element to a temperature load resulting from the hot gas flow and thereby increases the service life of the liner elements.
  • the resistance of the liner elements or of the support element to a temperature load which is improved by the temperature protection layer, also reduces maintenance requirements since the temperature protection layers prolong the service life of the liner elements or the support elements. Prolonged life extend the maintenance intervals, which can significantly reduce the downtime of the incinerator and thus the incinerator itself can be operated more cost effective.
  • FIG. 1 is a sectional view through a combustion chamber wall of a combustion system shown, in particular a gas turbine, with a heat shield 1, which has at least two juxtaposed segments 2, 2 '.
  • the two segments 2, 2 'each have a combustion element 3 facing a liner element 4 or 4' and a holding device 5, 5 '.
  • the liner element 4 is, like the liner element 4 ', formed of a material which is insensitive to heat, so that it readily resists direct contact with hot gases present in the combustion chamber 3.
  • the two liner elements 4, 4 ' are fixed via at least one support element 6 to a support structure 7, wherein the support device 5 both the liner element 4th as well as the at least one support element 6 defines on the support structure 7.
  • the gap 10 is closed by a gap bottom, which is formed, for example, by one or more support elements 6, 6 '.
  • hot gas flowing into the gap 10 acts on a gap bottom almost directly on the support element 6 or 6' and adversely affect this with respect to its function, provided that the gap bottom is not opposed to it Flange portions 11, 11 'of the two liner elements 4, 4' is protected from direct contact with the hot gas stream.
  • At least one through-opening 12 is provided in the edge region 8 of at least one liner element 4 or 4 'and / or in the bottom, ie in the support element 6, through which cooling gas can flow into the gap 10.
  • the reaching into the gap cooling gas is previously used to cool the two liner elements 4, 4 'or flows directly from a cooling gas duct 13 through the support member 6 and between two adjacent support members 6, 6' into the gap 10.
  • Both liner elements 4, 4 ' have these on their side facing away from the combustion chamber 3 side cooling fins 14, 14' on.
  • the passage opening 12 between the cooling gas channel 13 and the gap bottom of the gap 10 can be either a through hole or Through opening 12 may be formed by a one-piece support member 6 or as a gap channel between two adjacent support members 6, 6 ', whereby a uniform cooling of the gap 10 along the gap 10 is achieved.
  • at least the edge regions 8, 8 'of the liner elements 4, 4' and / or the support element 6 or 6 ' have a temperature protection layer in the region of the split bottom on. This lowers the sensitivity to temperature stress and increases the resistance of the components coated with the temperature layer.
  • 10 through holes 12 are provided through both which can flow into the gap 10 through both cooling gas in both edge regions 8, 8 'and in the region of the gap bottom of the gap.
  • 10 through holes 12 are provided through both which can flow into the gap 10 through both cooling gas in both edge regions 8, 8 'and in the region of the gap bottom of the gap.
  • the edge region 8 or 8 'of the liner element 4 or 4' and / or the support element 6 can also be made to have at least one row of passage openings 12 running essentially parallel to the gap 10 in the region of the split bottom (cf. , Fig. 2 ).
  • a reduced cooling requirement only a row with several, but widely spaced, and formed with a small diameter through holes 12 are seen, while at a high cooling demand several rows with close together lying and each having a large diameter through holes 12 are provided.
  • the solution according to the invention with an arrangement of passage openings 12 in the gap 10 which is adapted to a respective required cooling requirement makes it possible to achieve cooling adapted to the respective cooling requirement, in particular film cooling, which on one hand achieves the gap 10 with the adjacent liner elements 4, 4 'and the support member 6 sufficiently cool and on the other hand only just enough refrigerant gas in the gap 10 and in the combustion chamber 3 enters, as is essential for cooling. Too high a cooling gas flow, which is associated with a concomitant reduced efficiency of the incinerator, can be prevented as well as excessive NO x emissions of the incinerator.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)

Description

Technisches GebietTechnical area

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Brennkammer einer Verbrennungsanlage, insbesondere einer Gasturbine, mit einem zumindest zwei Segmente aufweisenden Hitzeschutzschild.The invention relates to a combustion chamber of a combustion plant, in particular a gas turbine, with a heat shield having at least two segments.

Stand der TechnikState of the art

Üblicherweise sind Brennkammern einer Verbrennungsanlage, beispielsweise einer Gasturbine, mit einem sogenannten Hitzeschutzschild ausgestattet, welcher eine darunter liegende Tragstruktur vor einem direkten Kontakt mit einem Heißgasstrom schützt. Je nach Lage in dem Brennraum beziehungsweise bezüglich des Heißgasstromes sind dabei der Hitzeschutzschild beziehungsweise einzelne Segmente davon einer unterschiedlichen Temperaturbelastung ausgesetzt.Usually combustion chambers of a combustion system, such as a gas turbine, equipped with a so-called heat shield, which protects an underlying support structure from direct contact with a hot gas stream. Depending on the position in the combustion chamber or with respect to the hot gas flow while the heat shield or individual segments thereof are exposed to a different temperature load.

Für die Langlebigkeit der Verbrennungsanlage ist die Langlebigkeit des in der Brennkammer angeordneten Hitzeschutzschildes ausschlaggebend, so dass die Funktionstüchtigkeit des Hitzeschutzschildes unbedingt gewährleistet werden muss. Da moderne Hitzeschutzschilde üblicherweise aus mehreren Segmenten, mit mehreren Linerelementen bestehen, bilden sich zwischen zwei benachbarten Linerelementen Spalte, in welche ein Heißgasstrom eindringen kann. An einem Boden des Spaltes ist oftmals ein Tragelement angeordnet, welches einerseits zumindest ein Linerelement trägt und andererseits im ungünstigen Fall nicht durch das Linerelement vor einem direktem Zutritt Kontakt mit dem Heißgasstrom geschützt ist und diesem somit ungeschützt ausgeliefert ist. Derartige Spalte bilden demnach potentielle Schwachpunkte. Um die Langlebigkeit der Verbrennungsanlage gewährleisten zu können, sind deshalb insbesondere die Spalte zwischen den Linerelementen von einer zu großen Temperaturbelastung zu schützen.For the longevity of the incinerator, the longevity of the arranged in the combustion chamber heat shield is crucial, so that the proper functioning of the heat shield must be guaranteed. Since modern heat shields usually consist of several segments, With several liner elements, gaps form between two adjacent liner elements into which a stream of hot gas can enter. At a bottom of the gap, a support element is often arranged which on the one hand carries at least one liner element and on the other hand is not protected in the worst case by the liner element from direct access contact with the hot gas stream and this is thus exposed unprotected. Such gaps thus constitute potential weak points. In order to ensure the longevity of the incinerator, therefore, in particular the gaps between the liner elements are to be protected from too high a temperature load.

DE19727407 betrifft einen Hitzeschild, insbesondere für ein Flammrohr einer Gasturbinenbrennkammer, EP1507116 betrifft eine Hitzeschildanordnung für eine ein Heissgas führende Komponente und DE8618859 betrifft einen Hitzeschild zum Schutz einer Tragstruktur gegenüber einem heissen Fluid. DE19727407 relates to a heat shield, in particular for a flame tube of a gas turbine combustion chamber, EP1507116 relates to a heat shield assembly for a hot gas leading component and DE8618859 relates to a heat shield for protecting a support structure from a hot fluid.

Darstellung der ErfindungPresentation of the invention

Hier setzt die Erfindung an. Die Erfindung, wie sie in den Ansprüchen gekennzeichnet ist, beschäftigt sich mit dem Problem, für eine Brennkammer der eingangs genannten Art eine verbesserte Ausführungsform anzugeben, die sich insbesondere durch eine lokal angepasste Kühlung eines Hitzeschutzschildes auszeichnet.This is where the invention starts. The invention, as characterized in the claims, deals with the problem of providing for a combustion chamber of the type mentioned in an improved embodiment, which is characterized in particular by a locally adapted cooling of a heat shield.

Dieses Problem wird erfindungsgemäß durch den Gegenstand des unabhängigen Anspruchs gelöst. Vorteilhafte Ausführungsformen sind Gegenstand der abhängigen Ansprüche.This problem is solved according to the invention by the subject matter of the independent claim. Advantageous embodiments are the subject of the dependent claims.

Die Erfindung beruht auf dem allgemeinen Gedanken, einen zwischen zwei Linerelementen eines Hitzeschutzschildes angeordneten und zu einem Brennraum hin offenen Spalt lokal zu kühlen und dadurch ein im Bereich eines Spaltbodens angeordnetes Tragelement vor einer direkten Heißgaseinwirkung effektiv zu schützen. Das zum Temperaturschutz vorgesehene Hitzeschutzschild weist zumindest zwei Segmente auf, wovon jedes ein, einem Brennraum zugewandtes Linerelement und eine Halteeinrichtung umfasst, die das Linerelement über ein Tragelement an einer Tragstruktur festlegt. Dabei weist jedes Linerelement einen Randbereich auf, der gleichzeitig eine Wandung eines zwischen zwei Linerelementen gelegenen und zum Brennraum hin offenen Spaltes bildet. Im Bereich eines Bodens ist dabei ein Tragelement angeordnet, welches den Spalt auf seiner dem Brennraum abgewandten Seite verschließt. Zur Kühlung der dem Spalt zugewandten Randbereiche der Linerelemente ist dabei in zumindest einem Randbereich eines Linerelements und/oder im Boden, d.h. beispielsweise im Tragelement, zumindest eine Durchgangsöffnung vorgesehen, durch welche Kühlgas in den Spalt strömt und dadurch eine Filmkühlung der von den beiden Randbereichen der angrenzenden Linerelemente gebildeten Spaltwände bewirkt. Hierdurch kann eine effektive Kühlung des Spaltes erreicht werden, ohne den Sauerstoffgehalt in dem Brennraum und dadurch die NOx-Emissionen der Verbrennungsanlage wesentlich zu erhöhen. Denkbar ist hierbei auch, dass eine derartige Durchgangsöffnung in lediglich einer der beiden Randbereiche der Linerelemente, in beiden Randbereichen, lediglich im Boden oder zumindest einem Randbereich und dem Boden vorgesehen sind, so dass je nach lokal erforderlichem Kühlbedarf die Kühlung durch unterschiedliche Anordnung der Durchgangsöffnungen angepasst werden kann. Durch den lokal angepassten Kühlstrom kann eine besonders effektive Kühlung des Spalts erreicht werden, wobei in Spalte mit erhöhtem Kühlbedarf mehr Kühlgas eingeleitet wird als in Spalte mit geringerem Kühlbedarf. Somit wird darüber hinaus vermieden, dass durch eine zu starke Kühlung der Linerelemente bzw. der Spalte der Wirkungsgrad der Verbrennungsanlage verschlechtert wird.The invention is based on the general idea of locally cooling a gap which is arranged between two liner elements of a heat shield and open towards a combustion chamber and thereby effectively protecting a support element arranged in the region of a split bottom from direct hot gas exposure. The thermal protection shield provided for heat protection has at least two segments, each of which comprises a, a combustion chamber facing the liner element and a holding device which defines the liner element via a support member to a support structure. In this case, each liner element has an edge region which simultaneously forms a wall of a gap located between two liner elements and open towards the combustion chamber. In the area of a floor while a support member is arranged, which closes the gap on its side facing away from the combustion chamber. In order to cool the edge regions of the liner elements facing the gap, at least one through opening is provided in at least one edge region of a liner element and / or in the bottom, ie, in the support element, through which cooling gas flows into the gap, thereby cooling the film from the two edge regions adjoining liner elements formed gap walls. In this way, an effective cooling of the gap can be achieved without substantially increasing the oxygen content in the combustion chamber and thereby the NO x emissions of the incinerator. It is also conceivable that such a passage opening are provided in only one of the two edge regions of the liner elements, in both edge regions, only in the bottom or at least one edge region and the bottom, so adapted depending on locally required cooling demand cooling by different arrangement of the through holes can be. By the locally adapted cooling flow, a particularly effective cooling of the gap can be achieved, wherein in column with increased cooling demand more cooling gas is introduced than in column with less cooling demand. This also avoids that is worsened by excessive cooling of the liner elements or the column of the efficiency of the incinerator.

Zweckmäßig hintergreift der Randbereich des Linerelements einen durch die Halteeinrichtung gebildeten Flanschbereich. Dies ermöglicht eine zuverlässige Halterung des Linerelements über die Halteeinrichtung am Tragelement bzw. an der Tragstruktur, wobei im Vergleich zu einem direkten Verschrauben Temperaturdehnungen problemlos aufnehmbar sind. Eine derartige Halterung der Linerelemente vermindert so die Gefahr von zu hohen Spannungen aufgrund von Temperaturdehnungen und trägt dadurch zur Langlebigkeit der Verbrennungsanlage bei.The edge region of the liner element expediently engages behind a flange region formed by the holding device. This allows reliable retention of the liner element via the holding device on the support element or on the support structure, wherein compared to a direct screwing temperature expansions are easily absorbed. Such a holder of the liner elements thus reduces the risk of excessive voltages due to thermal expansion and thereby contributes to the longevity of the incinerator.

Bei einer vorteilhaften Ausbildungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Lösung weisen zumindest die Randbereiche der Linerelemente und/oder das Tragelement im Bereich des Spaltbodens eine Temperaturschutzschicht auf. Eine derartige Temperaturschutzschicht verbessert die Widerstandsfähigkeit der Linerelemente bzw. des Tragelementes gegenüber einer aus dem Heißgasstrom resultierenden Temperaturbelastung und erhöht dadurch die Lebensdauer der Linerelemente. Die durch die Temperaturschutzschicht verbesserte Widerstandsfähigkeit der Linerelemente bzw. des Tragelements gegenüber einer Temperaturbelastung, verringert auch einen Wartungsbedarf, da die Temperaturschutzschichten die Standzeiten der Linerelemente bzw. der Tragelemente verlängern. Verlängerte Standzeiten verlängern die Wartungsintervalle, wodurch die Stillstandzeiten der Verbrennungsanlage deutliche reduziert werden können und dadurch die Verbrennungsanlage an sich kostengünstiger betrieben werden kann.In an advantageous embodiment of the solution according to the invention, at least the edge regions of the liner elements and / or the support element have a temperature protection layer in the region of the split bottom. Such a temperature protection layer improves the resistance of the liner elements or of the support element to a temperature load resulting from the hot gas flow and thereby increases the service life of the liner elements. The resistance of the liner elements or of the support element to a temperature load, which is improved by the temperature protection layer, also reduces maintenance requirements since the temperature protection layers prolong the service life of the liner elements or the support elements. Prolonged life extend the maintenance intervals, which can significantly reduce the downtime of the incinerator and thus the incinerator itself can be operated more cost effective.

Weitere wichtige Merkmale und Vorteile der erfindungsgemäßen Brennkammer ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen, aus den Zeichnungen und aus der zugehörigen Figurenbeschreibung anhand der Zeichnungen.Further important features and advantages of the combustion chamber according to the invention will become apparent from the subclaims, from the drawings and from the associated description of the figures with reference to the drawings.

Kurze Beschreibung der ZeichnungenBrief description of the drawings

Bevorzugte Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung sind in den Zeichnungen dargestellt und werden in der nachfolgenden Beschreibung näher erläutert, wobei sich gleiche Bezugszeichen auf gleiche oder ähnliche oder funktional gleiche Komponenten beziehen.Preferred embodiments of the invention are illustrated in the drawings and will be described in more detail in the following description, wherein like reference numerals refer to the same or similar or functionally identical components.

Es zeigen dabei, jeweils schematisch,

Fig. 1
eine Schnittdarstellung durch ein erfindungsgemäßes Hitzeschutzschild einer Brennkammer,
Fig. 2
eine mögliche Anordnung von Durchgangsöffnungen im Spalt.
They show, in each case schematically,
Fig. 1
a sectional view through an inventive heat shield a combustion chamber,
Fig. 2
a possible arrangement of through holes in the gap.

Wege zur Ausführung der ErfindungWays to carry out the invention

Entsprechend Fig. 1 ist eine Schnittdarstellung durch eine Brennkammerwand einer Verbrennungsanlage gezeigt, insbesondere einer Gasturbine, mit einem Hitzeschutzschild 1, welches zumindest zwei nebeneinander angeordnete Segmente 2, 2' aufweist. Die beiden Segmente 2, 2' weisen jeweils ein einem Brennraum 3 zugewandtes Linerelement 4 bzw. 4' und eine Halteeinrichtung 5, 5' auf. Das Linerelement 4 ist dabei ebenso wie das Linerelement 4' aus einem gegen Hitze unempfindlichen Material ausgebildet, so dass es einem direkten Kontakt mit im Brennraum 3 vorhandenen Heißgasen problemlos wiedersteht. Fixiert werden die beiden Linerelemente 4, 4' über zumindest ein Tragelement 6 an einer Tragstruktur 7, wobei die Halteeinrichtung 5 sowohl das Linerelement 4 als auch das zumindest eine Tragelement 6 an der Tragstruktur 7 festlegt. Dabei erfolgt eine Befestigung des Linerelements 4 an der Halteeinrichtung 5 durch einen am Linerelement 4 ausgebildeten Randbereich 8, welcher einen durch die Halteeinrichtung 5 gebildeten Flanschbereich 9 hinterschnittartig hintergreift. Zwischen zwei benachbarten Linerelementen 4, 4' ist gemäß Fig. 1 ein zum Brennraum 3 hin offener Spalt 10 zur Aufnahme von Wärmedehnungen der beiden Linerelemente 4, 4' vorgesehen, in welchem bei Betrieb der Brennkammer Heißgas eindringen kann und dort zu einer hohen Temperaturbelastung führt. Auf seiner dem Brennraum 3 abgewandten Seite ist der Spalt 10 durch einen Spaltboden, welcher beispielsweise durch ein oder mehrere Tragelemente 6, 6' gebildet ist, verschlossen. Dabei kann, je nach Ausführung des Linerelementes 4, 4' im Spaltbereich, in den Spalt 10 eingeströmtes Heißgas an einem Spaltgrund nahezu unmittelbar auf das Tragelement 6 bzw. 6' einwirken und dieses hinsichtlich seiner Funktion beeinträchtigen, sofern der Spaltgrund nicht durch sich gegenüber liegende Flanschbereiche 11, 11' der beiden Linerelemente 4, 4' vor einem unmittelbaren Kontakt mit dem Heißgasstrom geschützt ist.Corresponding Fig. 1 is a sectional view through a combustion chamber wall of a combustion system shown, in particular a gas turbine, with a heat shield 1, which has at least two juxtaposed segments 2, 2 '. The two segments 2, 2 'each have a combustion element 3 facing a liner element 4 or 4' and a holding device 5, 5 '. The liner element 4 is, like the liner element 4 ', formed of a material which is insensitive to heat, so that it readily resists direct contact with hot gases present in the combustion chamber 3. The two liner elements 4, 4 'are fixed via at least one support element 6 to a support structure 7, wherein the support device 5 both the liner element 4th as well as the at least one support element 6 defines on the support structure 7. In this case, a fastening of the liner element 4 to the holding device 5 by a formed on the liner element 4 edge region 8, which engages behind an undercut formed by the holding means 5 flange portion 9. Between two adjacent liner elements 4, 4 'is according to Fig. 1 a gap 10 open to the combustion chamber 3 for receiving thermal expansions of the two liner elements 4, 4 'is provided, in which hot gas can penetrate during operation of the combustion chamber and leads there to a high temperature load. On its side facing away from the combustion chamber 3, the gap 10 is closed by a gap bottom, which is formed, for example, by one or more support elements 6, 6 '. In this case, depending on the design of the liner element 4, 4 'in the gap region, hot gas flowing into the gap 10 acts on a gap bottom almost directly on the support element 6 or 6' and adversely affect this with respect to its function, provided that the gap bottom is not opposed to it Flange portions 11, 11 'of the two liner elements 4, 4' is protected from direct contact with the hot gas stream.

Zur Kühlung der dem Spalt 10 zugewandten Randbereiche 8, 8' der beiden Linerelemente 4, 4' ist im Randbereich 8 zumindest eines Linerelementes 4 oder 4' und/oder im Boden, d.h. im Tragelement 6, zumindest eine Durchgangsöffnung 12 vorgesehen, durch welche Kühlgas in den Spalt 10 strömen kann. Das in den Spalt gelangende Kühlgas wird dabei zuvor zur Kühlung der beiden Linerelemente 4, 4' verwendet oder strömt direkt aus einem Kühlgaskanal 13 durch das Tragelement 6 bzw. zwischen zwei benachbarten Tragelementen 6, 6' hindurch in den Spalt 10. Zur verbesserten Kühlung der beiden Linerelemente 4, 4' weisen diese auf ihrer dem Brennraum 3 abgewandten Seite Kühlrippen 14, 14' auf. Die Durchgangsöffnung 12 zwischen dem Kühlgaskanal 13 und dem Spaltgrund des Spaltes 10 kann dabei entweder als Durchgangsbohrung bzw. Durchgangsöffnung 12 durch ein einteiliges Tragelement 6 ausgebildet sein oder als Spaltkanal zwischen zwei benachbarten Tragelementen 6, 6', wodurch eine entlang des Spaltes 10 gleichmäßige Kühlung des Spaltes 10 erreicht wird. Um sowohl das Tragelement 6 als auch die Tragstruktur 7 besser vor einer Hitzeeinwirkung des Heißgasstromes schützen zu können, weisen zumindest die Randbereiche 8, 8' der Linerelemente 4, 4' und/oder das Tragelement 6 bzw. 6' im Bereich des Spaltbodens eine Temperaturschutzschicht auf. Diese setzt die Empfindlichkeit gegenüber einer Temperaturbelastung herab und erhöht die Widerstandsfähigkeit der mit der Temperaturschicht beschichteten Bauteile.For cooling the edge regions 8, 8 'of the two liner elements 4, 4' facing the gap 10, at least one through-opening 12 is provided in the edge region 8 of at least one liner element 4 or 4 'and / or in the bottom, ie in the support element 6, through which cooling gas can flow into the gap 10. The reaching into the gap cooling gas is previously used to cool the two liner elements 4, 4 'or flows directly from a cooling gas duct 13 through the support member 6 and between two adjacent support members 6, 6' into the gap 10. For improved cooling of Both liner elements 4, 4 'have these on their side facing away from the combustion chamber 3 side cooling fins 14, 14' on. The passage opening 12 between the cooling gas channel 13 and the gap bottom of the gap 10 can be either a through hole or Through opening 12 may be formed by a one-piece support member 6 or as a gap channel between two adjacent support members 6, 6 ', whereby a uniform cooling of the gap 10 along the gap 10 is achieved. In order to be able to better protect both the support element 6 and the support structure 7 from the effect of heat from the hot gas flow, at least the edge regions 8, 8 'of the liner elements 4, 4' and / or the support element 6 or 6 'have a temperature protection layer in the region of the split bottom on. This lowers the sensitivity to temperature stress and increases the resistance of the components coated with the temperature layer.

Wie der Fig. 1 weiter zu entnehmen ist, sind sowohl in beiden Randbereichen 8, 8' als auch im Bereich des Spaltbodens des Spaltes 10 Durchgangsöffnungen 12 vorgesehen, durch welche Kühlgas in den Spalt 10 eindringen kann. Alternativ hierzu ist denkbar, dass entweder lediglich ein Randbereich 8 oder 8' oder nur im Bereich des Spaltbodens oder eine beliebige Kombination von Durchgangsöffnungen 12 vorgesehen sind, so dass beispielsweise je nach erforderlichem Kühlbedarf nur die Randbereiche 8 und/oder 8' oder nur der Spaltboden oder ausschließlich ein Randbereich 8, 8', etc. Durchgangsöffnungen 12 aufweisen. Bei einem erhöhten Kühlbedarf kann auch vorgesehen sein, dass der Randbereich 8 bzw. 8' des Linerelementes 4 bzw. 4' und/oder das Tragelement 6 im Bereich des Spaltbodens zumindest eine im wesentlichen parallel zum Spalt 10 verlaufende Reihe von Durchgangsöffnungen 12 aufweisen (vgl. Fig. 2). Dabei kann über einen Abstand bzw. einen Durchmesser der einzelnen Durchgangsöffnungen 12 Einfluss auf die in den Spalt einströmende Kühlgasmenge und dadurch Einfluss auf die Kühlung des Spaltes 10 selbst genommen werden. So ist denkbar, dass bei einem reduzierten Kühlbedarf lediglich eine Reihe mit mehreren, jedoch weit auseinander liegenden, und mit kleinem Durchmesser ausgebildete Durchgangsöffnungen 12 hervorgesehen sind, während bei einem hohen Kühlbedarf mehrere Reihen mit eng aneinander liegenden und jeweils einen großen Durchmesser aufweisenden Durchgangsöffnungen 12 vorgesehen sind. Hierbei ist es insbesondere möglich eine vordefinierte Kühlgasströmung durch eine entsprechende Orientierung der Durchgangsöffnungen 12 im Randbereich des Linerelementes 4, 4' und/oder im Tragelemente 6, 6' zu schaffen, so dass denkbar ist, dass die Durchgangsöffnungen 12 schräg zum Spalt 10 verlaufen und dadurch eine entlang der Randbereiche 8, 8' der Linerelemente 4, 4' wirkende Filmkühlung erzeugen.Again Fig. 1 can be further seen, 10 through holes 12 are provided through both which can flow into the gap 10 through both cooling gas in both edge regions 8, 8 'and in the region of the gap bottom of the gap. Alternatively, it is conceivable that either only an edge region 8 or 8 'or only in the region of the split bottom or any combination of passage openings 12 are provided, so that, for example, depending on the required cooling requirements, only the edge regions 8 and / or 8' or only the gap bottom or exclusively an edge region 8, 8 ', etc., have passage openings 12. In the case of an increased need for cooling, provision can also be made for the edge region 8 or 8 'of the liner element 4 or 4' and / or the support element 6 to have at least one row of passage openings 12 running essentially parallel to the gap 10 in the region of the split bottom (cf. , Fig. 2 ). In this case, it is possible to influence the cooling gas quantity flowing into the gap via an interval or a diameter of the individual passage openings 12 and thereby influence the cooling of the gap 10 itself. Thus, it is conceivable that with a reduced cooling requirement, only a row with several, but widely spaced, and formed with a small diameter through holes 12 are seen, while at a high cooling demand several rows with close together lying and each having a large diameter through holes 12 are provided. In this case, it is possible, in particular, to create a predefined coolant gas flow through a corresponding orientation of the passage openings 12 in the edge region of the liner element 4, 4 'and / or in the support elements 6, 6', so that it is conceivable that the passage openings 12 extend obliquely to the gap 10 and thereby producing a film cooling acting along the edge regions 8, 8 'of the liner elements 4, 4'.

Um außerdem Spannungsspitzen, insbesondere im Übergangsbereich 15 des Linerelementes 4 zwischen dem Spalt 10 und Brennraum 3 abzufedern, bzw. eine verbesserte Kühlung des Übergangsbereiches 15 zu erreichen, kann dieser abgerundet ausgeführt sein.In addition, in order to absorb stress peaks, in particular in the transition region 15 of the liner element 4 between the gap 10 and the combustion chamber 3, or to achieve improved cooling of the transition region 15, this can be rounded.

Durch die erfindungsgemäße Lösung mit einer an einen jeweils erforderlichen Kühlbedarf angepassten Anordnung von Durchgangsöffnungen 12 im Spalt 10, kann eine an den jeweils erforderlichen Kühlbedarf angepasste Kühlung, insbesondere eine Filmkühlung erreicht werden, welche einerseits den Spalt 10 mit den angrenzenden Linerelementen 4, 4' sowie dem Tragelement 6 ausreichend kühlt und andererseits nur gerade soviel Kühlgas in den Spalt 10 bzw. in den Brennraum 3 einträgt, wie zur Kühlung unbedingt erforderlich ist. Ein zu hoher Kühlgaszustrom, der mit einem damit einhergehenden reduzierten Wirkungsgrad der Verbrennungsanlage verbunden ist, kann dadurch ebenso verhindert werden, wie eine zu hohe NOx-Emission der Verbrennungsanlage.The solution according to the invention with an arrangement of passage openings 12 in the gap 10 which is adapted to a respective required cooling requirement makes it possible to achieve cooling adapted to the respective cooling requirement, in particular film cooling, which on one hand achieves the gap 10 with the adjacent liner elements 4, 4 'and the support member 6 sufficiently cool and on the other hand only just enough refrigerant gas in the gap 10 and in the combustion chamber 3 enters, as is essential for cooling. Too high a cooling gas flow, which is associated with a concomitant reduced efficiency of the incinerator, can be prevented as well as excessive NO x emissions of the incinerator.

BezugszeichenlisteLIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

11
HitzeschutzschildHeat shield
22
Segmentesegments
33
Brennraumcombustion chamber
44
Linerelementliner element
55
Halteeinrichtungholder
66
Tragelementsupporting member
77
Tragstruktursupporting structure
88th
Randbereichborder area
99
Flanschbereichflange
1010
Spaltgap
1111
Flanschbereich der Linerelemente 4 im SpaltbereichFlange area of the liner elements 4 in the gap area
1212
DurchgangsöffnungThrough opening
1313
KühlgaskanalCooling gas channel
1414
Kühlrippencooling fins
1515
ÜbergangsbereichTransition area

Claims (7)

  1. Combustion chamber of a combustion plant, in particular a gas turbine, with a heat shield (1) comprising at least two segments (2, 2'),
    - wherein each segment (2, 2') has a liner element (4, 4') facing a combustion chamber (3) and a holding device (5) which attaches the liner element (4, 4') via a carrier element (6, 6') to a carrier structure (7),
    - wherein the liner element (4, 4') has an edge region (8, 8'),
    - wherein a gap (10) which is open towards the combustion chamber (3) remains between the edge regions (8, 8') of two adjacent liner elements (4, 4'),
    - wherein the respective carrier element (6, 6') is arranged in the region of a base of the gap (10),
    - wherein to cool the edge regions (8, 8') of the liner elements (4, 4') facing the gap (10), in the edge region (8, 8') of at least one liner element (4, 4') and/or in the base, at least one passage opening (12) is provided through which cooling gas flows into the gap (10),
    characterised in that the edge region (8, 8') of the liner element (4, 4') engages behind a flange region (9) formed by the holding device (5).
  2. Combustion chamber according to claim 1, characterised in that at least the edge regions (8, 8') of the liner elements (4, 4'), and/or the carrier element (6, 6') in the region of the gap base, have a temperature protection layer.
  3. Combustion chamber according to one of claims 1 to 2, characterised in that the edge region (8, 8') of the liner elements (4, 4'), and/or the carrier element (6, 6') in the region of the gap base, has at least one row of passage openings running substantially parallel to the gap (10).
  4. Combustion chamber according to any of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the liner element (4, 4') has cooling ribs (14) on its side facing away from the combustion chamber (3).
  5. Combustion chamber according to any of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that at least one passage opening in the edge region (8, 8') of the liner element (4, 4'), and/or in the carrier element (6, 6'), runs obliquely to the gap (10) and hence creates a predefined cooling gas flow.
  6. Combustion chamber going to any of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that a transition region (15) of the liner element (4, 4') between the gap (10) and the combustion chamber (3) is rounded.
  7. Combustion plant, in particular a gas turbine, with a combustion chamber according to at least one of claims 1 to 6.
EP07787170.5A 2006-08-07 2007-07-06 Combustion chamber of a combustion plant Active EP2049841B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH12602006 2006-08-07
PCT/EP2007/056887 WO2008017551A2 (en) 2006-08-07 2007-07-06 Combustion chamber of a combustion plant

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EP2049841B1 true EP2049841B1 (en) 2016-12-28

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EP2049841A2 (en) 2009-04-22
US20090199837A1 (en) 2009-08-13
WO2008017551A2 (en) 2008-02-14
US8006498B2 (en) 2011-08-30

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