EP1125864A2 - Distributeur pour milieux - Google Patents

Distributeur pour milieux Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP1125864A2
EP1125864A2 EP01103310A EP01103310A EP1125864A2 EP 1125864 A2 EP1125864 A2 EP 1125864A2 EP 01103310 A EP01103310 A EP 01103310A EP 01103310 A EP01103310 A EP 01103310A EP 1125864 A2 EP1125864 A2 EP 1125864A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
support body
locking member
unlocking
locking
body wall
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP01103310A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1125864A3 (fr
Inventor
Stefan Ritsche
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Aptar Radolfzell GmbH
Original Assignee
Erich Pfeiffer GmbH
Ing Erich Pfeiffer GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Erich Pfeiffer GmbH, Ing Erich Pfeiffer GmbH filed Critical Erich Pfeiffer GmbH
Publication of EP1125864A2 publication Critical patent/EP1125864A2/fr
Publication of EP1125864A3 publication Critical patent/EP1125864A3/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05BSPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B11/00Single-unit hand-held apparatus in which flow of contents is produced by the muscular force of the operator at the moment of use
    • B05B11/01Single-unit hand-held apparatus in which flow of contents is produced by the muscular force of the operator at the moment of use characterised by the means producing the flow
    • B05B11/10Pump arrangements for transferring the contents from the container to a pump chamber by a sucking effect and forcing the contents out through the dispensing nozzle
    • B05B11/1042Components or details
    • B05B11/1059Means for locking a pump or its actuation means in a fixed position
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05BSPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B11/00Single-unit hand-held apparatus in which flow of contents is produced by the muscular force of the operator at the moment of use
    • B05B11/01Single-unit hand-held apparatus in which flow of contents is produced by the muscular force of the operator at the moment of use characterised by the means producing the flow
    • B05B11/10Pump arrangements for transferring the contents from the container to a pump chamber by a sucking effect and forcing the contents out through the dispensing nozzle
    • B05B11/1042Components or details
    • B05B11/108Means for counting the number of dispensing strokes
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05BSPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B11/00Single-unit hand-held apparatus in which flow of contents is produced by the muscular force of the operator at the moment of use
    • B05B11/01Single-unit hand-held apparatus in which flow of contents is produced by the muscular force of the operator at the moment of use characterised by the means producing the flow
    • B05B11/10Pump arrangements for transferring the contents from the container to a pump chamber by a sucking effect and forcing the contents out through the dispensing nozzle
    • B05B11/1001Piston pumps

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a dispenser for media, the one Has actuation, which is a driving force for control a function.
  • the activity is in progress to set and to initiate a suitable force unlock.
  • the actuating force and, if applicable, the same unlocking force can be done manually or by a drive means such as a spring to be initiated.
  • a drive means such as a spring to be initiated.
  • the actuation or the Unlocking is also a hub, like a spinning or linear stroke.
  • the stroke can be a control movement for a valve and / or a drive movement for pressure charging of the medium and also have other functions.
  • the invention has for its object to a donor create avoided by the disadvantages of known training are or where one or more different Actions can be made sufficiently difficult, to narrow the circle of users. Regardless of that the dispenser simple and compact in structure, easy to handle and be easy to assemble.
  • actuation means are assigned to the for their successive start-up Require movements to actuate from a position in to transfer another location and thus unlock it.
  • These movements can be parallel or rectified be, however, they expediently differ from one another and / or from the stroke direction, so that then without special skill or sufficient force cannot be unlocked is.
  • Unlocking can be reversible or irreversible, each after whether a return to the blocked position is provided or not.
  • the unlocking means for Release of a positive lock are provided.
  • a non-positive lock it is useful to release a first unlock movement, followed by a second unlock movement and finally an actuation movement run through the hub.
  • Any of the movements can be a swiveling, rotating or linear movement.
  • Each of the movements has one of the other two movements different direction, e.g. B. a radial direction, a Direction of rotation and a direction parallel to the associated axis of rotation Linear direction.
  • the inventive design it is possible to one of the two units to be locked relative to each other a locking element with separate first and second locking members to be provided which are at a distance from each other and therefore independently of each other against the corresponding directions block the two unlocking movements. If one of the Tripping elements triggered, so the other remains blocking effective. Only when the first locking member and the associated one Counter member disengaged and then wide the lock has been moved enough from each other solved for the second locking member, after which the actuation can be moved over the stroke.
  • a support body This points two walls protruding freely against the stroke direction or Coats on, between which a protrusion or coat, in particular the blocking element of the first unit, can be moved into it.
  • the lead is from the outside Surround the jacket in every position, for what the outer Carrier jacket has an annular disk-shaped end wall.
  • the both coats can be made in one piece or from be composed of separate components.
  • This support body can be a valve or Fasten the pump housing securely to a support, which is as a handle to enclose with your hand during media discharge suitable and be a bottle or other hollow body can.
  • the width or radial extension of the carrier is larger than that of the donor or each of the donor units.
  • the training courses according to the invention are both for revesible Stroke actuation as well as for only one stroke actuation without Return stroke suitable.
  • the Starting and rest position reached again and medium in one Dosing chamber of the housing sucked up.
  • the dosing housing contains the entire stored media volume, so that the reservoir and the pumping chamber pass through it Space are formed.
  • the medium can be Actuating tappets flow to the media outlet or as with a medical syringe, opposite the pump plunger emerge directly from the cylinder, which then the media outlet forms.
  • the dispenser 1 consists of plastic or injection molded parts and can be carried and operated simultaneously with one hand. He has two units 2, 3, namely the actuating unit as the first unit 2 and as a second unit the support unit 3.
  • Die Unit 2 has a cap-shaped head 50 to the outside opening media outlet 4 and a handle 5 and one in Outlet 4 opening outlet channel 6.
  • Channel 6 penetrates a nozzle or a fastening member 7 for axial Installation on a plunger.
  • the nozzle 7 is at a distance from a wall, a projection or an outermost jacket 8 of the Head 50 surrounded.
  • the jacket 8 goes in at the very end an end wall 9 of the head 50 over. About the coat 8 is only the outlet 4 radially outwards. Parts 5 or 7 to 9 are formed by the one-piece head 50, which also the outlet 4 and the channel 6 limited.
  • valves such as an inlet valve for filling the pump, or an outlet valve for Delivery of the medium into channel 6 is provided.
  • Both Exhaust valve body can be attached to unit 18 be arranged through which the medium from the dosing or Pump chamber flows into channel 6.
  • the unit 3 comprises 15 for its attachment to the memory a cap-shaped support body 20 with an outermost jacket 21 and three inner jackets 22, 23, 24, which walls form.
  • the jacket 21 stands over the other jackets 22 to 24 in both directions 12, 13 and has a thickness of at most 1.5 mm.
  • the innermost jacket 22 centers that Housing 17 in the axis 10 and is along its entire length surrounded by the radial distance from the jacket 23, which on the inner circumferential surface of the jacket 21 abuts or thereof has minimum gap distance.
  • the jacket 23 is in the direction 13 slightly above the jacket 22. Both coats 22, 23 close towards 12 at the thicker ones relative to them Jacket 24 on, the same outer width as the jacket 23 and has an inside width that is at least as large as or larger than the outside width of the jacket 22.
  • the jacket 22 has on the inner circumference and at a distance from the jacket 24 a shoulder 25 which axially against the housing 17 Memory 15 spans.
  • the free end of the jacket 24 forms one End face or shoulder 26 that is attached to the inner circumference of the Jacket 21 connects transversely and on a counter surface of the Memory 15 can be supported.
  • the Sheath 24 On the inner circumference, the Sheath 24 a fastener 27, such as a thread, a radially resilient snap cams or the like, with which the support body 20 form-fitting against pulling securely engages in the memory 15.
  • the coats 21 to 24 are by separate components 28, 29, namely the jacket 21 through the one-piece component 28 and the jackets 22 to 24 formed by the one-piece component 29.
  • the coat 8 engages permanently between the coats 21, 23 and 22 and has an axial distance from the jacket 24 at the end of the stroke.
  • unlocking means 30 for a positive acting lock 31 are provided and the means 30 a manual release 32 to release the lock 31 include.
  • the lock 31 has a locking element 33 on the unit 2 and a counter element 34 on the unit 3.
  • the blocking element 33 is formed in one piece with the head 50, namely exclusively provided on the jacket 8.
  • the counter element 34 is formed in one piece with the support body 20 and through the Sheaths 21, 22 formed that also like the entire body 20th could be formed in one piece.
  • the locking element 33 has two axially and radially offset locking members 35, 37.
  • the counter element 34 has accordingly offset Counterparts 36, 38.
  • the first locking member 35 is an opening in the jacket 8 and that first counter member 36 a play or with clamping in the Opening 35 engaging cams 36.
  • the second locking member 37 is an axial web on the inner circumference of the jacket 8 and that second counter member 38 is an end face.
  • the link has 35 two mutually facing blocking surface 39 as flanks of the Opening that converge at an acute angle to axis 10.
  • the second locking surface 40 is the end surface of the cam 37. Die Blocking surfaces 39, 40 are fixed relative to each other and associated mating surfaces of the mating members 36, 38 are only Movable against one another transversely to the axis 10. It is also conceivable, the counter member 36 with the jacket 21 relative to the Manually twist the counter member 38 and the jackets 22 to 24.
  • the counter member 38 forms on a ring sector of less than 80 °, 90 ° or 45 ° C as counter surface a counter shoulder 41, which connects to the outer circumference of the jacket 22 and is set back against its free end surface, so that over the shoulder 41 across an outer peripheral surface of the Jacket 22 protrudes. This goes at both ends Circumferential surface transversely in stop faces for the flanks of the Rib 37 over.
  • the shoulder 41 also closes at the end a slide rail 42 or groove, the one flank the one Stop surface forms.
  • the groove 42 is in accordance with FIG. 3 in the outer circumference of the jacket 22 is provided and has in the direction 13th Distance from shoulder 25. Once the web 37 into the groove 42 engages, the head 50 is opposite each of the parts 17, 20 to 29 of unit 3 secured against rotation without play. The The inner circumference of the jacket 8 is then close to the outer circumference of the Jacket 22 out.
  • the blocking surface 40 In the rest position, the blocking surface 40 is free of play on the shoulder 41 supported, while the flank of the web 37 on the of the groove 42 abuts distant abutment surface.
  • the cam 36 grips around the axis 10 without play and with a slight clamp fit into the opening 35.
  • the cam 36 becomes radially outward moved in direction 46, the associated lock is free and the head 50 can thus face the support body in the direction 47 the second movement that the web 37 over the groove 42 arrives when it hits the other stop surface is present. Only now, at the end of this second movement, can Head 50 in direction 12 relative to unit 3 via the stroke 14 to be moved in the direction of 12.
  • the rotary movement 47 after a first angle of rotation made more difficult by an escapement 43 which is formed by a projection of the peripheral surface, which connects transversely to shoulder 41.
  • the cam projection extends up to groove 42 and the radially inner one slides on it Edge surface of the web 37 with increased friction, this Edge surface by resilient expansion of the jacket 8 with increased radial stress on the peripheral surface of the projection is present.
  • the first handle 44 is on the unit 3, namely provided on the support body 20 or on the jacket 21 and with the latter formed in one piece.
  • the second handle 45 is provided on the unit 2 or on the head 50, namely by whose outer circumference is formed where it is next to the handle 44 or is axially adjacent to the handle 44 exposed.
  • the handle 44 extends over a partial angle of at most 70 ° around the axis 10, is a right angle or transverse to Axle 10 lying plate and connects to an end wall 48 of the jacket 21 via a jacket sector 49, the radially after is offset inside against the jacket 21 and over the extends the same angle as the handle 44.
  • the washer-shaped End wall 48 closes over the entire circumference immediately and therefore essentially dustproof to the Outer circumference of the jacket 8; this also applies to the connection of the jacket 8 to the jacket 22.
  • the jacket sector 49 protrudes from the inner circumference, which also the outer circumference of the jacket 8 closely along its entire length surrounds and therefore the links 36, 35 completely outwards covers.
  • the links 37, 38 are correspondingly through the Coat 21 covered dust-proof to the outside.
  • Links 35, 36 lie in the middle of the length of the jacket 8 so that the Handle 44 axially immediately adjacent to a radially the jacket 8 protruding neck 51 is located, the end of which Has opening 4 and the dash-dotted in Fig. 2 in two Rotational positions is indicated. 2 are the limbs 35, 37 about the axis 10 over an arc angle from each other removed that is 30 ° smaller or larger than 90 °.
  • the Axial distance between the locking surfaces 39, 40 is greater than the stroke 14.
  • the jacket 8 only touches the walls 22, 49, not however, the walls 21, 23, 24.
  • the handle 44 is with the Cladding sector 49 pivotable with inherent deformability the wall 48 connected in a hinge axis that is tangential to the axis 10, with the sector 49 itself can deform resiliently.
  • the cam 36 is closer to the Handle 44 than the joint. If the 5 parallel handle 44 pressed in the direction 12, so pivots them with the cam 36 in the direction 46.
  • the links and arrangements 35 to 45 are multiple or arranged in pairs, namely two identical links evenly distributed around the axis 10, or in a common Axial plane opposite each other.
  • the nozzle 51 In the locked position 2, the nozzle 51 is in an axial view at a distance between two handles 44, namely in the axial plane the webs 37 and therefore closer to the one handle 44.
  • Fig. 1 shows a twisted relative to the opening 35 Position of the nozzle 50.
  • both handles 44 are simultaneous to press. This is the only way to disengage both cams 36 and the head 50 can by gripping the handle 45 to Turn stop in the direction of 47.
  • the cams 36 slide with compressive stress on the outer circumference of the jacket 8 and are therefore kept disengaged.
  • the stroke 14 to by pressing against the handle 5 executed to the stop, namely until the handle 5 in Direction 12 has distance from the handles 44 and completely lies between these handles 44.
  • the user's finger then intervenes between handles 44 and sectors 49 parallel to the nozzle 50 through the handle 5.
  • the piston unit 18 is moved synchronously and the pump chamber in the housing 17 narrowed so that the medium below Pressure arrives, the outlet valve opens and the medium from the Pump chamber through the plunger 19 under pressure into the channel 6 flows.
  • the Return stroke at which the exhaust valve is closed the Pump chamber expanded and the medium via a riser 52nd sucked into the pump chamber from the bottom of the store 15 becomes. If the head 50 is then turned in the opposite direction 47, remove the webs 37 from the grooves 42 to the stop and in this position the cams 36 jump in automatically the openings 35. This is the locked rest position again reached.
  • the nozzle 7 protrudes permanently into the housing 17, which a longer housing part 53 and one lying in the jacket 22 Lid 54 assembled or in one piece with this Cover is formed.
  • the cover 54 is close to the inner circumference of the jacket 22 and has a radially projecting, washer-shaped flange 55 against which the shoulder 25 is excited.
  • the memory 15 has outside the support body 20 an enlarged belly 56 and a narrower neck 57, which lies completely in the body 20 and on the outer circumference the counter member for the fastening member 27.
  • the flange 55 tensioned with the interposition of an annular disc or seal, which can lie close to the outer circumference of the housing 17.
  • the neck 57 adjoins the counter member Ring shoulder 58 against which the shoulder 26 rests.
  • offset ring surface namely the Another ring shoulder 59 lies at the end face of the jacket 21 which is caused by the transition between the belly 56 and the neck 57 is formed.
  • the space inside the jacket 21 well sealed.
  • the first locking member 35 is the Cam protruding from the outer circumference of the jacket 8.
  • the first Counter member is a depression on the inner circumference of the wall 48 which the body 20 ends.
  • the cam 35 has only one Stop surface, so that the head 50 in the opposite direction 47 the blocking position could be rotated if the stop surface is omitted for the web 37.
  • the handle 44 is on the head 50 provided and by a corresponding sector 49 of the Sheath 8 formed. Sector 49 is on both sides Slots 60 separated from the rest of the jacket 8, protrudes in the direction 12 freely and is therefore against disengaging the link 35 to press the axis 10.
  • the slots 60 can also have grooves be, which with its flanks on the outer circumference of the jacket 8 connect, but only over part of the thickness of the Coat 8 are enough. In this case there is pressure against the Handle 44 to reduce the curvature of the sector 49 widening the grooves 60 and disengaging the cam 35, which lies in the middle of the sector 49 according to FIG. 4. In 3 is the housing part which projects completely into the memory 15 53 not shown.
  • the dispenser 1 is designed here for the discharge of pasty lotions, which from the opening 4 as a strand or individual drops emerge.
  • the opening 4 can also be parallel to Axis 10 or lying in this lying away from the body 20 his or form an atomizer nozzle, which is a swirl chamber Has. All features of all embodiments can be in one single embodiment may be provided, which is why all Description parts analogously for all embodiments be valid. The characteristics and effects can be precise or in the be essential or only approximately as specified or, depending on the requirements, deviate more from it.

Landscapes

  • Closures For Containers (AREA)
  • Containers And Packaging Bodies Having A Special Means To Remove Contents (AREA)
  • Reciprocating Pumps (AREA)
EP01103310A 2000-02-19 2001-02-13 Distributeur pour milieux Withdrawn EP1125864A3 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10007638A DE10007638A1 (de) 2000-02-19 2000-02-19 Spender für Medien
DE10007638 2000-02-19

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1125864A2 true EP1125864A2 (fr) 2001-08-22
EP1125864A3 EP1125864A3 (fr) 2003-11-26

Family

ID=7631560

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP01103310A Withdrawn EP1125864A3 (fr) 2000-02-19 2001-02-13 Distributeur pour milieux

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US6626330B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP1125864A3 (fr)
DE (1) DE10007638A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2014128007A1 (fr) * 2013-02-22 2014-08-28 Aptar Radolfzell Gmbh Dispositif de distribution à l'épreuve des enfants

Families Citing this family (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10134796A1 (de) 2001-07-11 2003-01-30 Pfeiffer Erich Gmbh & Co Kg Austragvorrichtung für ein Medium
US20050072808A1 (en) * 2001-11-30 2005-04-07 Sachiko Kitamura Pump with function of measuring fixed amount
KR100425866B1 (ko) * 2001-12-29 2004-04-01 엘지엔시스(주) 현금자동 인출기의 도어 잠금장치
DE102005009294A1 (de) * 2004-07-13 2006-02-16 Ing. Erich Pfeiffer Gmbh Spender für Medien
DE102005009295A1 (de) * 2004-07-13 2006-02-16 Ing. Erich Pfeiffer Gmbh Dosiervorrichtung für Medien
US7802701B2 (en) * 2005-01-14 2010-09-28 Rieke Corporation Up-lock seal for dispenser pump
US7621739B2 (en) * 2005-07-25 2009-11-24 Isothermal Systems Research, Inc. Injection molding apparatus for producing an atomizer
US7597275B2 (en) * 2005-07-25 2009-10-06 Isothermal Systems Research, Inc. Methods and apparatus for atomization of a liquid
EP1749759B1 (fr) * 2005-08-05 2009-07-22 Unilever PLC Bouchon distributeur pour dispositif de pulvérisation
FR2893011B1 (fr) * 2005-11-10 2010-03-05 Valois Sas Organe de distribution de produit fluide et distributeur utilisant un tel organe.
GB201011144D0 (en) * 2010-07-01 2010-08-18 Rieke Corp Dispensers
DE102013218802B4 (de) 2013-09-19 2018-06-28 Aero Pump Gmbh Abgabevorrichtung für Fluide aus einem Fluidbehälter
CA2935908C (fr) * 2016-07-12 2023-10-17 Op-Hygiene Ip Gmbh Pompe a piston comportant des pistons bloquants

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3779427A (en) * 1972-07-21 1973-12-18 Seaquist Valve Co Safety closure adaptor
GB2122692A (en) * 1982-05-04 1984-01-18 Sar Spa Handpump for dispensing fluids
US4773567A (en) * 1986-04-21 1988-09-27 Stoody William R Child resistant latching actuator for aerosol/pump valve
US4934568A (en) * 1985-12-19 1990-06-19 Ing. Erich Pfeiffer Gmbh & Co. Kg Discharger for flowable media
EP0806249A2 (fr) * 1996-05-09 1997-11-12 Seaquist Perfect Dispensing GmbH Pompe à main
US5725128A (en) * 1996-03-08 1998-03-10 Contico International, Inc. Manually operated reciprocating liquid pump that locks and seals in up and down positions
US5971215A (en) * 1996-09-06 1999-10-26 The Procter & Gamble Company Dispensing pump lock

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4410107A (en) * 1981-12-18 1983-10-18 Corsette Douglas Frank Liquid dispensing pump
US4496082A (en) * 1981-12-18 1985-01-29 Corsette Douglas Frank Liquid dispensing pump
JPS591377A (ja) * 1982-06-29 1984-01-06 キヤニヨン株式会社 デイスペンサ−
FR2651837B1 (fr) * 1989-09-08 1993-04-23 Aerosol Inventions Dev Pompe manuelle pre-orientable sur le goulot d'un recipient.
US5518147A (en) * 1994-03-01 1996-05-21 The Procter & Gamble Company Collapsible pump chamber having predetermined collapsing pattern
US5899363A (en) * 1997-12-22 1999-05-04 Owens-Illinois Closure Inc. Pump dispenser having a locking system with detents

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3779427A (en) * 1972-07-21 1973-12-18 Seaquist Valve Co Safety closure adaptor
GB2122692A (en) * 1982-05-04 1984-01-18 Sar Spa Handpump for dispensing fluids
US4934568A (en) * 1985-12-19 1990-06-19 Ing. Erich Pfeiffer Gmbh & Co. Kg Discharger for flowable media
US4773567A (en) * 1986-04-21 1988-09-27 Stoody William R Child resistant latching actuator for aerosol/pump valve
US5725128A (en) * 1996-03-08 1998-03-10 Contico International, Inc. Manually operated reciprocating liquid pump that locks and seals in up and down positions
EP0806249A2 (fr) * 1996-05-09 1997-11-12 Seaquist Perfect Dispensing GmbH Pompe à main
US5971215A (en) * 1996-09-06 1999-10-26 The Procter & Gamble Company Dispensing pump lock

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2014128007A1 (fr) * 2013-02-22 2014-08-28 Aptar Radolfzell Gmbh Dispositif de distribution à l'épreuve des enfants

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE10007638A1 (de) 2001-08-23
EP1125864A3 (fr) 2003-11-26
US20020190083A1 (en) 2002-12-19
US6626330B2 (en) 2003-09-30

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