EP1118737A2 - Burial crypt - Google Patents

Abstract

The lid of the grave chamber is formed as a trough (162) to be covered with earth. The trough is surrounded by pairs of support walls (181, 182) either directly or with spacing to form several chamber parts. One pair forms the longitudinal support walls (181) and one pair form the transverse support walls. The vertical spacing from the lower edge to the top edge of the chamber rings equals the length of one chamber ring and the spacing in the vertical above same is greater than the length of one chamber ring. Inside the support walls a group of chamber parts (161) makes up the chamber rings and spacers are provided at certain mutual spacing between the rings. The support walls have a height which is roughly equal to the sum of the height of the existing chamber rings or height of the trough.

Description

Conventional burial can be unfavorable May cause significant problems. With less favorable mineralogical composition of the soil, e.g. with high silt or clay content, and also with unfavorable Water supply, e.g. with frequent backwater, with layer water, with sticky water or with high groundwater, is a complete decay within a certain one Rest period not guaranteed. The important ones for decay aerobic bacteria cannot take effect and that necessary oxidation processes cannot take place. The often requires expensive remediation measures, e.g. Drainage measures or artificial ventilation of the floor. Sometimes only helps filling the floor, which is practical on a new creation of the relevant burial ground results. Despite the measures mentioned first, the reoccupation of a burial ground after the usual rest period unpleasant and sometimes unacceptable for the cemetery staff Side effects may be burdened.

A remedy was with a reusable burial chamber tried (DE-OS 35 37 367.9), mostly made of precast concrete consists. It has several chamber rings that be stacked on top of each other in a pit, passing through circulating paragraphs both at the top and at the bottom the chamber rings are guided among themselves. At the The lowest point is a base plate on which the Chamber rings are loosely placed. On the top chamber ring are ceiling tiles that cover the interior of the Complete the burial chamber at the top. These ceiling tiles are about 60 cm below ground level. The gap is with soil, especially with topsoil, until Earth level filled up. This earth cover of the burial chamber encloses a gas lock that opens into a passage one of the ceiling panels is attached. It has gas passages, which are designed so that leachate not in the gas lock and through this into the Burial chamber can penetrate. One in the burial chamber resulting overpressure of the gas atmosphere there, e.g. when the atmospheric pressure drops, is able to Part of the gas content of the burial chamber through the gas lock and exit through their gas passages. Therefore the gas passage openings of the gas lock must a certain amount below earth level, or, in other words, it must be above the gas outlet a certain layer thickness of the earth cover remains, so that this layer of earth can act as a filter, in where the soil fauna and flora emerge from the burial chamber Free gases from those components that Could cause unpleasant smells.

There is one on one end of this burial chamber narrow ceiling tile that always remains in this place. It serves as a support plate for a foundation block for the Shot of a gravestone.

This well-known burial chamber has some disadvantages. One of Disadvantages is that their chamber rings are loosely placed on top of each other and the bottom chamber ring are loose on the base plate lies on. There is also a in the base plate Opening above a bone pit, which is only loose by means of a plate is covered. The ceiling tiles also lie loosely on the top chamber ring. This can cause leachate penetrate into the burial chamber from the surrounding area, from high groundwater or stratified water remain silent. This can cause the process of decay in the burial chamber be significantly affected. In practice also very often omitted the base plate, so that the Burial chamber also from below for the penetration of water, in particular of groundwater and backwater, is open. This structure and this way of installing the well-known burial chamber it is necessary to connect each burial chamber to a drainage system, so that the penetrating water as soon as possible can be discharged and sent to a sewage treatment plant. This additional drainage causes significant costs in the Installation and maintenance of the drainage. Moreover arise for the clarification of the discharged water quantities additional costs.

Another major disadvantage of this burial chamber is in that at each subsequent opening of the grave for subsequent burial or the earth cover for burial again cleared away with the planting on it and set aside must be created and that after burial the Earth cover can be applied again on the burial chamber got to. The planting must also be cleared first and are practically completely renewed. That causes at each subsequent burial a significant one Workload with corresponding costs. This creates often also additional costs for an at least partial Replacement of the planting if it is removed suffered.

During this work, the earth cover must be outside the Ground plan area of the burial chamber are removed. Moreover must in this area, i.e. from the top of the burial chamber to the earth level, a hem formwork to be installed, the the collapse of the earth around the burial chamber prevented. This hem formwork must again afterwards be removed, both when installing and removing corresponding work required and accordingly Costs.

Another disadvantage of this burial chamber is that it is use as a recessed burial chamber in which two superimposed chamber areas are available for Place the second coffin above the one already in the Lower coffin located in the burial chamber Support rods required to place the upper coffin on it can be. This has the further disadvantage that at the second burial the burial chamber into the lower chamber area is open and that the lower coffin is fully visible, regardless of the Condition of the coffin and its contents. The same applies to the exhalations that may emanate from the lower coffin the decomposition process. This is particularly uncomfortable if this process of decay is due to the temporal Distance from the previous burial is in full swing. This allows for the participants in the second burial just unreasonable conditions occur.

Another disadvantage of this burial chamber is that after the refilling of the earth cover a setting of the soil is inevitable. Therefore, this earth cover must a certain time either from what was left at first Excavation or supplemented with otherwise obtained soil become. This fact also has the disadvantage that the planting was only reintroduced after this setting time can be. Otherwise one must be used immediately Planting removed in between and after Complement the earth cover to be reintroduced.

The invention has for its object a burial chamber to create prefabricated parts that are relatively simple is to be built in, the trouble-free decomposition process enables and easier at subsequent burials and easier and with less labor and cost possible are.

Because the longitudinal support walls have a greater length, can hold a whole group of burial chambers within the retaining walls be accommodated.

Because in the height range from the lower edge to at most the mutual distance to the upper edge of the chamber parts the longitudinal support walls are equal to the length of the chamber parts, are the longitudinal support walls in this height range on the Parts of the chamber. The fact that in the height range above the longitudinal support walls a mutual distance have the greater than the length of the chamber parts and thus greater than the length of those aligned with the chamber parts Is trough, is sufficient at this altitude Distance between the troughs and the supporting walls surrounding them available. The same applies to the transverse support walls.

Since the retaining walls are built in and then in place and Position, make sure that if one of the Burial chambers for burial, especially for subsequent burial, is opened, no soil from the area in fall into the burial chamber or even in large quantities can break in. This is after installing the retaining walls and the burial chambers in the outside area no earthworks more needed.

Because the lid of the burial chamber is designed as a trough is housed in the earth cover for the gas lock is both as a gas filter and as a planting soil for planting can be used for any subsequent Burial of the trough serving as a lid with all of it Content lifted and apart for the time of burial be stored. The planting remains completely undisturbed, since they are neither removed nor stored separately must become. On the contrary, in the meantime, Trough properly maintained. Neither are they other earthworks required, such as that with the known Burial chamber is necessary. It goes without saying the area around the gas lock is also untouched. The gas lock is therefore not at risk of damage. It the subsequent refilling of the Earth cover with the corresponding personnel expenditure and Expense. There is no need to replant the grave as well.

By an embodiment according to claim 2, the Any number of available burial chambers enlarge.

By an embodiment according to claim 3 particularly narrow joint between the longitudinal support walls and reached the transverse support walls, so that special sealing measures can be omitted.

In an embodiment according to claim 4, the support walls set up at the same level as the chamber rings become. By an embodiment according to claim 5 the retaining walls are not only made up of the filling material supported from the outside but at the same time also complaining what their stability is greatly increased. In one configuration according to claim 6, the support walls by the weight of the Burial chambers weighed down, so that also their stability is increased.

With an embodiment according to claim 7 Spacer ensures that the chamber rings or Floor trays are not accidentally too close together are set up and therefore their troughs too dense stand side by side, which makes lifting and sitting down of a single trough could be difficult. At the training according to claim 8, the spacers not be used separately. The Kemmerrings or Floor trays hold the right mutual ones by themselves Distance, while also supporting each other, so that unevenness of the surface on which it is placed not to an inclination of adjacent chamber rings or floor trays.

With an embodiment according to claim 9 on the one hand Avoid open gaps between the individual burial chambers and also created the opportunity to use the burial chambers such a large mutual distance and for that to make the cover plates so wide that you can put them on can stand well across the burial chamber without having to cover the earth to enter the neighboring burial chamber. Similar thing also applies to an embodiment according to claim 10 Gap between the narrow sides of the burial chambers and the adjacent longitudinal support walls, although there the width the cover plates can be kept lower because anyway along the longitudinal support walls at least on one Side a footpath or even a driveway is provided over which the individual burial chambers can be reached.

With an embodiment according to claim 11 can local irregularities of the bottom of the pit for the Burial chambers, in particular locally different load capacities of the ground, through which the foot thresholds balance, because the thresholds are much longer than the width of the individual chamber rings or floor trays can. Especially with an overlapping arrangement of the Thresholds practically result in one Leveling of the contact surface of the chamber rings or floor trays.

Through an embodiment according to claim 12 worried that the exiting from the troughs, for example Water does not get between the trough and the neighboring one Retaining wall can jam, but immediately to below the Chamber rings can expire.

Fig. 1

einen Längsschnitt einer Grabkammer und einen Querschnitt zweier Längsstützwände;

Fig. 2

einen Querschnitt der Grabkammer nach Fig. 1;

Fig. 3

eine Draufsicht einer einzelnen Grabkammer nach Fig. 1;

Fig. 4

eine ausschnittweise dargestellte Draufsicht einer Gruppe von Grabkammern, zum Teil bei abgenommener Abdeckung;

Fig. 5

eine Ansicht einer Querstützwand;

Fig. 6

eine Seitenansicht der Querstützwand nach Fig. 5;

Fig. 7

einen ausschnittweise und vergrößert dargestellten Querschnitt zweier benachbarter Grabkammern;

Fig. 8

einen ausschnittweise dargestellten Querschnitt einer Grabkammer mit abgewandelter Längsstützwand und mit einer Bodenschwelle;

Fig. 9

eine Draufsicht auf zwei Grabkammern mit Bodenschwellen nach Fig. 8.

The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to several exemplary embodiments shown in the drawing. Show it:

Fig. 1

a longitudinal section of a burial chamber and a cross section of two longitudinal support walls;

Fig. 2

a cross section of the burial chamber of FIG. 1;

Fig. 3

a plan view of a single burial chamber of FIG. 1;

Fig. 4

a fragmentary plan view of a group of burial chambers, partly with the cover removed;

Fig. 5

a view of a transverse support wall;

Fig. 6

a side view of the transverse support wall of FIG. 5;

Fig. 7

a detail and enlarged cross-section of two adjacent burial chambers;

Fig. 8

a section of a cross-section of a burial chamber with modified longitudinal support wall and with a threshold;

Fig. 9

a plan view of two burial chambers with thresholds according to FIG. 8.

The burial chamber 160 shown in FIG. 1 has one Chamber part in the form of a floor pan 161 and a trough 162 on. The trough 162 serves as a cover for the floor pan 161.

The floor pan 161 has an annularly closed peripheral wall 163, which has a rectangular plan area. At the a bottom 164 connects to the lower end of the peripheral wall 163, which is made in one piece with the peripheral wall 163 is. The floor pan 161 is made of reinforced concrete.

The upper edge of the floor pan 161 is encircling Edge profile 165 provided. It is through a gutter 166 formed, which has a V-shaped cross section. she is arranged symmetrically to the center plane of the peripheral wall 163.

The trough 162 is designed similar to the floor pan 161. He has an annular closed peripheral wall 167 and one Bottom 168 produced in one piece therewith. His top Edge 169 is flat. At the bottom of the bottom 168 is in the continuation of the peripheral wall 167 a peripheral edge profile 171 available, as a counter profile to the upper edge profile 165 of the floor pan 161 is formed. It is through a circumferential roof-shaped rib 172 is formed, the fits exactly into the groove 166.

The trough 162 has a certain clear height, which in general is about 60 cm. At a certain height above that Bottom 168, trough 162 has a series of drainage openings 173 on. The trough 162 takes an earth cover 174 on.

Gas locks, not shown, are arranged in the trough 162, which is a gas and air exchange between the interior of the Allow burial chamber 160 and the surrounding area.

As can be seen from Fig. 4, one is largely any number of burial chambers 160 in a given mutual Spacing arranged side by side, with their long sides are aligned parallel to each other. So this Distance when installing the burial chambers 160 without large measuring and Alignment effort can be observed, the floor trays 161 a spacer on each of its long sides 175 on. It is designed as a rib 176 and with the Circumferential wall 163 made in one piece. The ribs 176 start a certain distance above the bottom of the Bottom 164 and also end a certain distance below the upper edge of the peripheral wall 163 (Fig. 2). The Ribs 176 are aligned vertically. As from Fig. 3 too can be seen, the ribs 176 in the circumferential direction in same sense of rotation from the center of the long side concerned the peripheral wall 163 a certain distance, the two Sides is the same. With respect to the ribs 176, the Bottom tray 161 is designed to be symmetrical on the envelope. This supports two adjacent burial chambers 160 on their long sides alternately against each other from (Fig. 4).

As can be seen from Fig. 4, is the group of burial chambers 160 surrounded by two pairs of retaining walls, each in pairs are aligned parallel to each other and with each other are aligned at right angles to each other. For better distinction will be made in the longitudinal direction of the Group of burial chambers 160 extending two retaining walls as longitudinal support walls 181 and the transverse to them Support walls referred to as transverse support walls 182. From the latter only one is shown in FIG. The other is as to be seen standing outside the drawing sheet.

As can be seen from Fig. 1, the longitudinal support walls 181 a mutual distance in the height range the floor pan 161 is equal to the length of the floor pan 161. The wall section 181.1 located in this height range lies with its wall surface facing the burial chamber 160 183 on the outside of the floor pan 161, namely their narrow side, immediately. In the high range the wall section 181.2 of the trough 162 is the wall surface 184 against the wall surface 183 by a certain one Measure about 2 to 3 cm, so that between the Wall section 181.2 and the outside of the trough 162 corresponding gap 165 remains open. This will make it Lifting and lifting the trough 162 and reinserting it and depositing the trough 162 on the floor pan 161 facilitated. The gap between the trough and the retaining walls can also be created in that the Outside of the peripheral wall 167 by a corresponding amount is reset and the support walls 181 and 182 continuously have flat wall surfaces.

The transverse support walls 182 are between the two longitudinal support walls 181 arranged. The width of the transverse support walls 182 is therefore equal to the clear distance of the longitudinal support walls 181. Da this distance for the wall sections 181.1 and 181.2 is of different sizes, the transverse support wall 182 also has a different width (Fig. 5). The one below Wall section 182.1 has a width that is equal to the distance of the wall surfaces is 183. The wall section 182.2 has one Width, which is equal to the distance between the wall surfaces 184. On the transition point from wall section 182.1 to wall section 182.2 there is a transition surface 186 which on the transition surface between the two wall sections 181.1 and 181.2 of the longitudinal support walls 181 matched is. This is generally a downward sloping plane Area.

In view of that adjacent to the transverse support wall 182 Grave chamber 160 (Fig. 4) only one spacer in The shape of the rib 176 is present, the transverse support wall 182 also provided with a spacer 187, which as in the bottom tubs 161 is formed as a rib 188 and in generally the same shape as the ribs 176, in each But the same height as this one.

If the floor trays in general or that of the transverse support wall 182 adjacent floor pan in particular on the Transverse support wall 182 facing the long side without the spacer 175 is executed or this from any Has basically been removed, then the transverse support wall 182 without executing their spacer 187 and remove it if necessary. In this case it is the wall surface 191 of the wall section facing the burial chambers 160 182.2 by a certain amount of about 2 to 3 cm opposite the wall surface 192 of the wall section 182.2 reset like that regarding the wall surfaces of the inside of the longitudinal support walls 181 has been explained. If this If this does not occur, the transverse support wall 182 can pass over it entire height have a constant wall thickness.

In Fig. 1 and Fig. 5 is a modification of the longitudinal support walls 181 and the transverse support walls 182 indicated by dash-dotted lines. This modification relates to a baseboard 193 the longitudinal support walls 181 and a skirting 194 in the Cross support walls 182. These baseboards are general on the outside of the Retaining walls arranged. If necessary, they are with the relevant support wall made in one piece, it also It is appropriate that the steel reinforcement of the retaining wall at least a certain distance up to the baseboard continued into it. Meet these baseboards two tasks. Firstly, they increase the footprint or bottom surface of the associated retaining wall, whereby is caused by the weight of the retaining wall Surface pressure in the floor below the retaining wall decreased. On the other hand, they increase the stability of the assigned retaining wall by acting on it Weight force of the above the baseboard Padding material.

Due to the spacers 175, the mutual The distance between two burial chambers 160 is relatively large (Fig. 4). The distance between them is correspondingly wide existing gap 195 (Fig. 6). This is replaced by a Number of cover plates 196 bridged. You have a approximately T-shaped profile, the web part 197 on the gap 195 between the burial chambers 160 is coordinated, so that it is a guide element for the cover plate 196 forms. The cover plates 196 expediently extend to the inner edge 198 of the longitudinal wall 199 of the troughs 162 there.

Correspondingly, the gap 185 between the Longitudinal support wall 181 and the grave chambers 160 bridged (Fig. 4). Cover plates 201 are provided for this are similar to the cover plates 196 and with a Web part are provided, which is matched to the gap 185 is. These cover plates 201 also expediently extend on the one hand up to the inner edge 202 of the transverse wall 203 of the trough 162 and on the other hand to the outer edge 204 of the longitudinal support wall 181.

8 and 9 show burial chambers 160, where the accessories are modified.

The burial chambers 160 rest on thresholds 205. These are arranged in two rows parallel to the longitudinal support walls the group of burial chambers 160 are aligned. The Bumps 205 have a length that is a multiple of that Width of the burial chambers 160. The thresholds 205 can be arranged one behind the other in their longitudinal direction be cursed with each other. It is more convenient arrange them laterally offset and at the same time in to arrange their longitudinal direction so that they partially each other overlap (Fig. 9). It is appropriate that the Overlap area in the area of the long side of a burial chamber 160 is located (Fig. 9).

Because the burial chambers 160 due to the arranged below them Thresholds 205 compared to the height of the thresholds the surface 206 of the pit for the burial chambers 160 is higher are the support walls 207 used here the height of the thresholds 205 higher than the burial chambers 160 executed so that its upper edge 208 again same height with the upper edge 169 of the troughs 162. Otherwise, the support walls 207 are largely the same Support walls 181 and 182 formed.

The individual burial chambers 160 have due to the spacers 175 sufficient in the area of their long sides large mutual distance. Through this space this can be done from troughs 162 through the drainage openings 173 (Fig. 1) leaking water, for example Rain water or excess water, without further ado flow away. Since on the narrow sides of the floor troughs 161 Wall section 181.1 of the longitudinal support walls 181 is tight it is expedient in this wall section 181.1 or several continuous drainage grooves from top to bottom 209 to be provided. Then this can also be done in the area of Narrow sides of the troughs 162 leaking water more easily flow away.

Reference list

160

Burial chamber

161

Floor pan

162

Troq

163

Peripheral wall

164

ground

165

Edge profile

166

Gutter

167

Peripheral wall

168

ground

169

edge

171

Edge profile

172

Gutter

173

Drainage openings

174

Earth cover

175

Spacers

176

rib

181

Longitudinal support walls

182

Cross retaining walls

183

Wall surface

184

Wall surface

185

gap

186

Transition area

187

Spacers

188

rib

191

Wall surface

192

Wall surface

193

Skirting board

194

Skirting board

195

gap

196

Cover plates

197

Bridge part

198

Inside edge

199

Longitudinal wall

201

Cover plates

202

Inside edge

203

Transverse wall

204

Outer edge

205

Thresholds

206

surface

207

Retaining walls

208

edge

209

Drainage grooves

Claims (12)

Burial chamber with the features: there is at least one all-round closed chamber part in the form of a chamber ring or a floor pan (161) which has a certain height, there is a cover (162), which rests on the upper edge of the chamber part (161) and closes it off at the top and that takes up an earth cover, There is a through opening in the cover and / or in a peripheral wall of the chamber part (161), to which a gas lock can be connected in a gas-tight manner, characterized by the characteristics: the cover is designed as a trough (161) which receives the earth cover, there are support walls (181; 182) which surround the trough (162) directly or, in the case of the arrangement of a plurality of chamber parts (161) arranged side by side, in some cases indirectly outside all around at a short distance, there are two pairs of supporting walls (181; 182), of which the supporting walls of one pair serve as longitudinal supporting walls (181) and the supporting walls of the other pair serve as transverse supporting walls (182), the support walls (181; 182) of each pair are aligned parallel to one another, the transverse support walls (182) are aligned at right angles to the longitudinal support walls (181) and are arranged between them, the longitudinal support walls (181) are arranged at a certain mutual distance, wherein this distance in the height range from the lower edge to at most the upper edge of the existing chamber rings or floor trays (161) is at least equal to the length of a chamber ring or floor tray (161) and this distance in the height range above is a certain amount greater than the length of a chamber ring or the floor pan (161), the length of the longitudinal support walls (181) is greater than twice the width of a chamber ring or a floor pan (161) and is up to a multiple of the width of a chamber ring or floor pan (161), the length of the transverse support walls (182) is equal to the clear distance between the longitudinal support walls (181), the mutual spacing of the transverse support walls (182) is greater than twice the width of a chamber ring or a floor pan (161) and is up to a multiple of the width of a chamber ring or floor pan (161), within the supporting walls (181; 182) there is a group of chamber parts (160) in the form of a chamber ring or a floor pan (161), which are arranged next to one another with a longitudinal side aligned parallel to one another at a certain mutual distance in the direction of the longitudinal support walls (181) and the number of which is matched to the clear distance between the transverse support walls (182). Burial chamber according to claim 1,
characterized by the characteristic: there are a plurality of longitudinal support walls (181) which adjoin one another in the longitudinal direction, the parting line between two adjacent longitudinal support walls (181) is preferably located within the width of a chamber ring or a floor pan (161). Burial chamber according to claim 1 or 2,
characterized by the characteristic: the end face of the transverse support walls (182) is matched to the inner profile line (183; 184) of the longitudinal support walls (181). Burial chamber according to one of claims 1 to 3,
characterized by the characteristic: the support walls (181 '; 182) have a height which is at least approximately equal to the sum of the height of the existing chamber rings or floor trays (161) and the height of the trough (162). Burial chamber according to one of claims 1 to 4,
characterized by the characteristic: the supporting walls (181; 182) have a baseboard (193) which faces away from the burial chambers (160). Burial chamber according to one of claims 1 to 5,
characterized by the characteristics at least the longitudinal support walls (181) each have a baseboard (193), facing the burial chambers (160) and on which the burial chambers (160) lie at least in part, the support walls have a height which is greater by the height of the skirting (193) than the sum of the height of the existing burial chamber rings or floor trays (161) and the height of the trough (162). Burial chamber according to one of claims 1 to 6,
characterized by the characteristics at least two spacers (175) are arranged at a certain mutual distance between the chamber rings (161). Burial chamber according to claim 7,
characterized by the characteristics the spacers (175) are produced in one piece with the chamber ring or the base pan (161) and are preferably designed as a vertically aligned rib (176) on the outside of the chamber ring or the base pan (161), there is preferably one spacer (175) for each long side, which has a certain distance in the circumferential direction in the same direction of rotation from the center of the long side in question. Greb chamber according to one of claims 1 to 8,
characterized by the characteristics the space (195) between two adjacent burial chambers (160) is covered by one or more cover plates (196), the cover plates (196) preferably have a T-shaped profile, the web part (197) of which is matched to the gap (195) between the burial chambers (160), the cover plates (196) preferably extend to the inner edge (198) of the longitudinal wall (199) of the troughs (162). Burial chamber according to one of claims 1 to 9,
characterized by the characteristics the space (185) between a burial chamber (160) and an adjacent supporting wall (181) is covered by one or more cover plates (201), the cover plates (201) preferably have a T-shaped profile, the web part of which is matched to the gap (185) between the burial chamber (160) and the support wall (181), the cover plates (201) preferably extend on the one hand to the inner edge (202) of the transverse wall (203) of the trough (162) and on the other hand to the outer edge (204) of the support wall (181). Burial chamber according to one of claims 1 to 10,
characterized by the characteristics there are thresholds (205), which are aligned parallel to the longitudinal support walls (207), which are arranged below the lowest chamber ring or the floor pan (161) and which have a length which is at least equal to the width of two chamber rings or floor trays (161), the thresholds (205) are preferably offset in their longitudinal direction with respect to the chamber rings or floor trays (161) by half a width dimension of the chamber rings or floor trays (161), the thresholds are aligned with each other in the longitudinal direction and / or two successive thresholds (205) are laterally offset from one another and are partially overlapping in the longitudinal direction. Burial chamber according to one of claims 1 to 11,
characterized by the characteristic: the support walls (181) abutting the chamber rings or floor troughs (161) have one or more drainage song grooves (209) running from top to bottom in the wall surface (183) facing the chamber ring or floor trough (161).

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