EP1114429B1 - Stromwandler mit gleichstromtoleranz - Google Patents

Stromwandler mit gleichstromtoleranz Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1114429B1
EP1114429B1 EP99969529A EP99969529A EP1114429B1 EP 1114429 B1 EP1114429 B1 EP 1114429B1 EP 99969529 A EP99969529 A EP 99969529A EP 99969529 A EP99969529 A EP 99969529A EP 1114429 B1 EP1114429 B1 EP 1114429B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
current
current transformer
core
transformer according
permeability
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP99969529A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1114429A1 (de
Inventor
Detlef Otte
Jörg PETZOLD
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Vacuumschmelze GmbH and Co KG
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Vacuumschmelze GmbH and Co KG
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Publication of EP1114429A1 publication Critical patent/EP1114429A1/de
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Publication of EP1114429B1 publication Critical patent/EP1114429B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F38/00—Adaptations of transformers or inductances for specific applications or functions
    • H01F38/20—Instruments transformers
    • H01F38/22—Instruments transformers for single phase ac
    • H01F38/28—Current transformers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
    • H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
    • H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
    • H01F1/12—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials
    • H01F1/14—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys
    • H01F1/147—Alloys characterised by their composition
    • H01F1/153—Amorphous metallic alloys, e.g. glassy metals
    • H01F1/15316—Amorphous metallic alloys, e.g. glassy metals based on Co
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12014—All metal or with adjacent metals having metal particles

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a current transformer for alternating current, in particular mains alternating current, with direct current components, consisting from at least one converter core with a primary winding and at least one secondary winding, to which a burden resistor is connected in parallel and a secondary circuit terminates with low impedance.
  • Ferraris meter To record the energy consumption of electrical devices and Energy meters are used in industrial and household systems.
  • the oldest principle used is that of Ferraris meter.
  • the Ferraris meter is based on energy metering about rotating one with a mechanical Counter connected disc by the current or voltage proportional Fields of corresponding field coils driven becomes.
  • electronic energy meters For expanding the functional possibilities of energy meters such as B. for multi-tariff operation or remote reading electronic energy meters are used at which the current and voltage detection via inductive current and Voltage converter takes place.
  • the output signals of this Converters are digitized, multiplied in phase, integrated and saved. The result is an electrical one Size that is available for remote reading among other things stands.
  • the object of the present invention is therefore a current transformer for alternating current with direct current components of the input mentioned type in that he has a high modulation equally with alternating current and direct current components having.
  • alloy systems according to the invention can be very small Transformer core masses can be achieved.
  • n 1 1
  • current transformers can be provided which can make do with a number of secondary turns of approximately 1500.
  • a direct current-tolerant current transformer can be produced which is extremely inexpensive to manufacture and is excellently suited for the above-mentioned applications in industry and household.
  • Particularly good current transformers can be achieved by using amorphous, ferromagnetic alloys that have a magnetostriction value
  • the alloy system according to the invention is almost free of magnetostriction.
  • the magnetostriction is preferably adjusted by a heat treatment, the actual saturation magnetostriction being achieved by fine adjustment of the iron and / or manganese content.
  • the saturation magnetization B s from 0.7 Tesla to 1.2 Tesla is made possible by fine-tuning the nickel and the glass former content.
  • Glass former here means X, silicon, boron and carbon.
  • Alloys in which the parameters a + b + c 77 77 are set to c 20 20 have proven to be particularly suitable in the amorphous, ferromagnetic cobalt-based alloy system according to the invention. As a result, saturation magnetizations B S of 0.85 Tesla or higher can easily be achieved.
  • the permeability of less than 1400 is based on the physical connection that the permeability ⁇ is inversely proportional to the uniaxial anisotropy K u .
  • the uniaxial anisotropy K u can be set by heat treatment in a transverse magnetic field.
  • the nickel content has a particularly strong influence on the uniaxial anisotropy K u .
  • d ⁇ 30 ⁇ m preferably d ⁇ 26 ⁇ m.
  • the band of the toroidal core at least instructs an electrically insulating layer on one surface.
  • the entire toroid has one electrically insulating layer. This makes it special achieved low permeabilities and also the linearity of the B-H grinding is further improved. When choosing the It is important to ensure that the electrically insulating medium this adheres well to the belt surface on the one hand, on the other hand however, it does not cause surface reactions would damage the magnetic properties.
  • Magnesium oxide is particularly effective and economical, which as a liquid magnesium-containing precursor the tape surface can be applied and during a special one that does not affect the alloy Heat treatment in a dense magnesium-containing Converts layer whose thickness D is between 25 nm and 400 nm lies. In the actual heat treatment in the transverse Magnetic field then creates a well-adhering, chemically inert, electrically insulating magnesium oxide layer.
  • FIG. 1 shows the basic circuit of a current transformer 1.
  • the primary winding 2, which carries the current i prim to be measured, and a secondary winding 3, which carries the measuring current i sek are located on a transformer core 4 which is constructed from a ring band core.
  • the secondary current i sek automatically adjusts itself so that the ampere turns primary and secondary are ideally of the same size and oppositely directed.
  • the current in the secondary winding 3 then turns after Induction law so that it is the cause of its emergence, namely the temporal change in the magnetic flux in the converter core 4, tried to prevent.
  • An important area of application for current transformers is electronic Energy meters in low-voltage AC networks with a network frequency of 50 or 60 Hertz.
  • the evaluation electronics in such meters, the product is electricity and tension at any time and calculates the electrical power or energy consumption.
  • phase error of the current transformer is particularly critical in the Energy metering. Because of this, it is important to either the lowest possible phase error, typically one Phase error ⁇ ⁇ 0.2 °, or one over the Current measuring range as constant as possible and thus easily compensated to achieve higher phase errors.
  • the losses in the converter core 4 must also be taken into account.
  • the core losses are dependent on the material properties of the converter core 4, ie in the case of toroidal core made of the material, the strip thickness and other parameters. They can be described by a second phase angle ⁇ .
  • the second phase angle ⁇ corresponds to the phase shift between B and H in the converter core 4 due to the core losses.
  • the properties of the core material are above the relative ones Permeability ⁇ and the loss angle ⁇ or the loss factor tan ⁇ included. These material properties are strongly dependent on the magnetic modulation B of the converter core and thus from the primary current. This is the cause of the non-linearity of the converter characteristics.
  • the international standard IEC1036 requires functionality of the electricity meter, however with limited accuracy, even with completely half-wave rectified AC. That corresponds to a situation in which the complete Primary current is passed through a diode.
  • FIG. 3 shows an oscillogram of the primary current, the secondary current of a current transformer and the flux density B in one Converter core for a half-wave rectified primary current. As you can see, the flux density B increases with the converter every half-wave in steps up to the converter core in the Saturation goes.
  • This time constant is large if and only if the converter is of high quality according to equation (3). With good current transformers, it is in the seconds range.
  • converter cores of at least 70% amorphous, Ferromagnetic, almost magnetostriction-free cobalt base alloys reached. These cobalt base alloys have a flat, almost linear B-H loop with one Permeability ⁇ ⁇ 1400.
  • the converter cores are preferred as closed, air gap-free toroidal cores in oval or rectangular shape.
  • the amorphous, ferromagnetic shown in Table 1 Cobalt based alloys were initially considered amorphous Tape from a melt using the known per se Rapid solidification technology manufactured.
  • the rapid solidification technology is for example in DE 37 31 781 C1 described in detail.
  • the tape which has a thickness of approximately 20 ⁇ m, then became stress-free into one Ring core wound.
  • the setting of the linear, flat essential to the invention B-H loop was then carried out by a special heat treatment of the wound toroid in a magnetic field that stood perpendicular to the tape direction.
  • the heat treatment was made so that the value of the saturation magnetostriction of the rapidly solidified (as quenched) band during the Heat treatment by one of the alloy composition dependent amount changed in the positive direction until it changed in the ranges listed in the table.
  • the heat treatment shown in FIG. 5 was found with which, in the case of an alloy with the composition Co 72.7 Fe 4.6 Si 5.5 B 17.2, the strongly negative value of the magnetostication of ⁇ S ⁇ -45 x 10 -8 of the rapidly solidified (as quenched) band was shifted in the positive direction up to almost the zero crossing ( ⁇ S ⁇ -2 x 10 -8 ).
  • An F loop is understood to be a hysteresis loop which has a ratio of remanence B r to saturation induction B s ⁇ 50.
  • the toroidal core was covered with a Flushed with protective gas so that no oxidation on the belt surface or other chemical reactions occurred that the physical properties of the toroidal core are negative would affect.
  • the wound ring band core was placed under a magnetic field at a rate of 1 to 10 Kelvin / min to far below the specified Curie temperatures are temperatures of approximately 300 ° C heated and several hours in the created transverse magnetic field held in this temperature interval and then at a cooling rate of 0.1 to 5 Kelvin / min cooled down again.
  • the manufacturability of very small and yet very high-precision current transformers presupposes that the amplitude permeability ⁇ of the current transformer core changes by less than 6%, preferably 4%, in the modulation range of 1 mT B B and 0,9 0.9 B s .
  • This linearity requirement can be met via the manufacturing process described, provided that the strip material used has relative surface roughness R rel .
  • the definition of the roughness depth Ra rel is explained below with reference to FIG. 8.
  • the x-axis is parallel to the surface of a body whose surface roughness is to be determined.
  • the y-axis is parallel to the surface normal of the surface to be measured.
  • the surface roughness R A then corresponds to the height of a rectangle 7, the length of which is equal to a total measuring distance l m and which has the same area as the sum of the areas 10 enclosed between a roughness profile 8 and a middle line 9.
  • a ring band core weighing only 4.7 g could be produced from the alloy Co 72.8 Fe 4.7 Si 5.5 B 17 , which was provided with a secondary winding with a number of turns n sec of 1000.
  • the current transformer produced in this way had a linearity of the phase angle over a current range from ⁇ 120 mA to 120 A of ⁇ 0.2 °.
  • the current transformer manufactured with this toroidal core had over a phase error of 8.9 ° +/- 0.1 ° in the entire current range.
  • the ratio between the highest transferable RMS value of the bipolar zero-symmetrical sine current to be measured and the highest transmittable amplitude of a unipolar half-wave rectified sine current was 1.4: 1.
  • the toroidal core also showed very good aging behavior at 120 ° C on what is shown in Figure 6 what with the very high crystallization temperature and the high Anisotropy energy of this alloy can be explained.
  • the device according to the invention can be used used alloy range permeability values set between 500 and 1400.
  • Figure 5 shows through the use of the claimed alloy system an extremely high temperature stability of the permeability realize. This is the typical change, for example between room temperature and + 100 ° C at less than 5%.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Transformers For Measuring Instruments (AREA)
  • Soft Magnetic Materials (AREA)
EP99969529A 1998-09-17 1999-09-16 Stromwandler mit gleichstromtoleranz Expired - Lifetime EP1114429B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19842710 1998-09-17
DE19842710 1998-09-17
PCT/DE1999/002955 WO2000017897A1 (de) 1998-09-17 1999-09-16 Stromwandler mit gleichstromtoleranz

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1114429A1 EP1114429A1 (de) 2001-07-11
EP1114429B1 true EP1114429B1 (de) 2003-11-12

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EP99969529A Expired - Lifetime EP1114429B1 (de) 1998-09-17 1999-09-16 Stromwandler mit gleichstromtoleranz

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US6563411B1 (ja)
EP (1) EP1114429B1 (ja)
JP (1) JP4755340B2 (ja)
DE (1) DE59907740D1 (ja)
WO (1) WO2000017897A1 (ja)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102008051561B4 (de) * 2008-10-14 2013-06-20 Vacuumschmelze Gmbh & Co. Kg Verfahren zum Herstellen einer Stromerfassungseinrichtung

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US6580347B1 (en) * 1998-11-13 2003-06-17 Vacuumschmelze Gmbh Magnetic core that is suitable for use in a current transformer, method for the production of a magnetic core and current transformer with a magnetic core
US6432226B2 (en) * 1999-04-12 2002-08-13 Alliedsignal Inc. Magnetic glassy alloys for high frequency applications
DE10134056B8 (de) * 2001-07-13 2014-05-28 Vacuumschmelze Gmbh & Co. Kg Verfahren zur Herstellung von nanokristallinen Magnetkernen sowie Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens
US6992555B2 (en) * 2003-01-30 2006-01-31 Metglas, Inc. Gapped amorphous metal-based magnetic core
US20060153876A1 (en) 2003-02-24 2006-07-13 Ira Sanders Cell membrane translocation of regulated snare inhibitors, compositions therefor, and methods for treatment of disease
DE502004005431D1 (de) * 2003-04-02 2007-12-20 Vacuumschmelze Gmbh & Co Kg Magnetkern, verfahren zur herstellung eines solchen magnetkerns, anwendungen eines solchen magnetkerns insbesondere bei stromtransformatoren und stromkompensierten drosseln sowie legierungen und bänder zur herstellung eines solchen magnetkerns
DE102004024337A1 (de) * 2004-05-17 2005-12-22 Vacuumschmelze Gmbh & Co. Kg Verfahren zur Herstellung nanokristalliner Stromwandlerkerne, nach diesem Verfahren hergestellte Magnetkerne sowie Stromwandler mit denselben
FR2877486B1 (fr) * 2004-10-29 2007-03-30 Imphy Alloys Sa Tore nanocristallin pour capteur de courant, compteurs d'energie a simple et a double etage et sondes de courant les incorporant
ES2542019T3 (es) 2004-12-17 2015-07-29 Hitachi Metals, Ltd. Núcleo magnético para transformador de corriente, transformador de corriente y vatihorímetro
EP1724792A1 (fr) * 2005-05-20 2006-11-22 Imphy Alloys Procédé de fabrication d'une bande en matériau nanocristallin et dispositif de fabrication d'un tore enroulé à partir de cette bande
DE102005034486A1 (de) * 2005-07-20 2007-02-01 Vacuumschmelze Gmbh & Co. Kg Verfahren zur Herstellung eines weichmagnetischen Kerns für Generatoren sowie Generator mit einem derartigen Kern
JP4694629B2 (ja) * 2005-11-09 2011-06-08 メトグラス・インコーポレーテッド カレントトランスおよび電力計
WO2008051623A2 (en) * 2006-02-21 2008-05-02 Carnegie Mellon University Soft magnetic alloy and uses thereof
KR100815617B1 (ko) * 2006-08-10 2008-03-21 한국표준과학연구원 전류변성기 비교기와 정밀 션트저항을 이용한 전류변성기용부담의 평가장치 및 그 방법
DE502007000329D1 (de) * 2006-10-30 2009-02-05 Vacuumschmelze Gmbh & Co Kg Weichmagnetische Legierung auf Eisen-Kobalt-Basis sowie Verfahren zu deren Herstellung
KR100882310B1 (ko) * 2007-06-29 2009-02-10 한국표준과학연구원 전류변성기 비교 측정장치
US9057115B2 (en) * 2007-07-27 2015-06-16 Vacuumschmelze Gmbh & Co. Kg Soft magnetic iron-cobalt-based alloy and process for manufacturing it
US8012270B2 (en) 2007-07-27 2011-09-06 Vacuumschmelze Gmbh & Co. Kg Soft magnetic iron/cobalt/chromium-based alloy and process for manufacturing it
KR100904664B1 (ko) * 2008-06-03 2009-06-25 주식회사 에이엠오 전류 센서용 자기 코어
DE102010004223B4 (de) 2010-01-08 2013-12-05 Vacuumschmelze Gmbh & Co. Kg Verfahren zum Herstellen einer Stromerfassungseinrichtung
CN102760568A (zh) * 2011-04-28 2012-10-31 南京江北自动化技术有限公司 电流互感器
CN103632826B (zh) * 2012-08-23 2018-01-16 西门子公司 电流互感器和电流检测装置
CN103219140B (zh) * 2013-04-24 2016-08-10 南京江北自动化技术有限公司 一种电流互感器

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102008051561B4 (de) * 2008-10-14 2013-06-20 Vacuumschmelze Gmbh & Co. Kg Verfahren zum Herstellen einer Stromerfassungseinrichtung

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP4755340B2 (ja) 2011-08-24
WO2000017897A1 (de) 2000-03-30
DE59907740D1 (de) 2003-12-18
US6563411B1 (en) 2003-05-13
JP2002525863A (ja) 2002-08-13
EP1114429A1 (de) 2001-07-11

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