EP1114196B1 - Verfahren zur reinigung von metalloberflächen - Google Patents
Verfahren zur reinigung von metalloberflächen Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1114196B1 EP1114196B1 EP99942869A EP99942869A EP1114196B1 EP 1114196 B1 EP1114196 B1 EP 1114196B1 EP 99942869 A EP99942869 A EP 99942869A EP 99942869 A EP99942869 A EP 99942869A EP 1114196 B1 EP1114196 B1 EP 1114196B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- furnace
- gas
- hydrogen
- protective
- water
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23G—CLEANING OR DE-GREASING OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY CHEMICAL METHODS OTHER THAN ELECTROLYSIS
- C23G5/00—Cleaning or de-greasing metallic material by other methods; Apparatus for cleaning or de-greasing metallic material with organic solvents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/74—Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material
- C21D1/76—Adjusting the composition of the atmosphere
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for cleaning Metal surfaces for stationary batch processes in stationary furnace systems and for unsteady continuous processes in unsteady furnace systems Low-hydrogen protective gas atmospheres with less than 30 vol .-% hydrogen.
- DE-A-323 33 74, DE-A-37 25 174 and EP-A-0 271 135 describe a method for cleaning metal surfaces for stationary batch processes in stationary Furnace systems or for unsteady continuous processes in unsteady Furnace systems under a low-hydrogen protective gas atmosphere with the phases heat up, hold and cool, taking in the holding phase of the protective gas atmosphere Water or steam is supplied for the oxidation of carbon residues.
- EP 0 572 780 A2 describes one Device and a method known in which metal parts, preferably Metal strips, as a preliminary stage of the annealing process in a cleaning chamber getting cleaned.
- the metal strip surface is here in the cold state hydrogen-rich hot gas mixtures with a hydrogen content of 30-70 Vol.% Acted upon by impact flow. So be in a time of a few Seconds of oil residue evaporated and out of the cleaning chamber discharged.
- the belt then goes into a continuous furnace, where it is heat treated.
- the tape is unwound from the coil and runs through it subsequent furnace.
- the technical gases used are of high purity, typically one Purity of 99.99 vol.%, So that their moisture or residual oxygen content is very low. This high purity represents a relatively constant quality and reliability of processes and products. Because impurities these gases used, for example oxygen, carbon dioxide or Water vapor can lead to uncontrolled oxidation reactions have a negative impact on the quality of the treated surfaces.
- the invention has for its object to provide a method which cleaning with the help of a low-hydrogen protective gas atmosphere during of the heat treatment process in the holding phase for both transient ones Furnace systems as well as in stationary furnace systems and which one high surface cleanliness of the heat-treating metal parts, also in the wound condition in the form of bundles, rolls or coils, guaranteed.
- low-hydrogen protective gas here means an inert gas with a Proportion of less than 30% by volume, preferably less than 5% by volume of hydrogen, the rest being in particular nitrogen and / or Noble gas (s) is.
- a protective gas atmosphere in the furnace during the holding phase enables one Cleaning the treated surfaces of the annealing material without one Cause mass transfer with the metal parts.
- the low hydrogen protective gas mixed with a certain amount of water.
- carbon residues are caused by Oxidation reduced.
- the reaction products of carbon oxidation are volatile and are taken up in the gas phase. This cleaning process will advantageously carried out during the heat treatment in the holding phase and is preferably monitored and regulated.
- carbon here means a burned-in, firm covering, which in the contains essential carbon and oxidic components.
- This process depends essentially on the melting, splitting and Boiling temperatures of the rolling lubricants. In practice, the split of the Substances observed at temperatures of approx. 400 ° C. Whether the volatile Fission products are desorbed from the surface with or without residues, depends essentially on the amount of drawing or rolling agents that are treated Surface size and the rate of heating. For large quantities and rapid heating speeds, the remaining coke will continue Burned the course of the annealing in the metal surface and can only be by Remove stains or brushes. This has a negative impact on the surface quality out.
- the reaction speed is relatively slow here and the absorption capacity the gas atmosphere of carbon is relatively large.
- nitrogen / hydrogen gas mixtures reduces the absorption capacity significantly with increasing temperature and falling hydrogen content.
- a nitrogen / hydrogen gas mixture with a proportion of 5% by volume of hydrogen for example heated to 700 ° C. a maximum methane content of only 0.034 vol.% achievable, which in comparison with a 100% hydrogen atmosphere is about 320 times less.
- the absorption capacity of carbon in a low-hydrogen is increased by the addition of Steam to the nitrogen / hydrogen gas mixture. This water vapor can effectively remove the burnt-in carbon residue.
- the protective gas is defined after the holding temperature has been reached moistened.
- the water supplied is in such quantities (e.g. over a Lance) fed that no iron oxidation of the treated material occurs and a conversion of the Coke to volatile carbon oxides is initiated becomes. For this reason, monitoring the process is advantageous.
- an oxygen probe e.g. ⁇ -probe, prefers.
- the carbon coating becomes volatile carbon monoxide and water vapor Implemented hydrogen.
- the high holding temperature favors the expiry of this initiated cleaning.
- the carbon monoxide formed is further oxidized to carbon dioxide: I CO + y H 2 O ⁇ I CO 2 + yH 2
- the amounts of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide that form are determined by determines the temperature dependence of the water gas reaction.
- the atmosphere is favorably moistened by new water injections.
- the amount of water essentially depends on the hydrogen concentration in the protective gas, the treated material and the free volume of the annealing furnace. It is determined by the oxygen partial pressure or the ratio of the corresponding partial pressures (P H2O / P H2 ), the limit values being chosen so that the formation of iron oxides does not occur. Such oxidation of the metal surface is undesirable. It is advantageously avoided by regulating the protective gas composition in order to control the process sequence, preferably in every time period of the process.
- An oxygen probe for example a zirconia solid-state electrolyte cell or a lambda probe, is advantageously used for measuring the oxygen partial pressure or the ratio of the corresponding partial pressures (P H2O / P H2 ).
- the atmosphere is then adjusted in dependence on the measured value in dependence on the treated material so that an oxide-free treatment of the material is guaranteed. This is done by switching the water supply on / off and, if necessary, carbon-neutral treatment by controlling the protective gas purge accordingly. This procedure is particularly advantageous for stationary furnace systems.
- the probe voltage of the oxygen probe is dependent on the furnace temperature and the P H2O / P H2 ratio of the furnace gas, as shown in FIG. 1.
- the atmosphere in the furnace is controlled so that a certain probe voltage is kept constant so that the surface can be optimally cleaned.
- the probe voltage can vary within a certain measuring range without the cleaning effect being impaired.
- the P H2O / P H2 ratio should be less than 0.15 so that no iron oxidation and / or water condensation occurs in cold areas of the plant.
- the stability of the iron oxides depends on the temperature and the ratio of the partial pressures of water vapor to hydrogen. Magnetite (Fe 3 O 4 ) formation occurs below 560 ° C and oxidation to FeO occurs above this temperature. A P H2O / P H2 ratio of 0.10 has proven to be favorable for annealing under nitrogen-hydrogen gas mixtures. If, for example, a low-alloy steel is treated with a gas mixture of nitrogen and 5 vol.% Hydrogen, the water vapor content is set to 0.5 vol.%, Which corresponds to a dew point of the protective gas atmosphere of -2 ° C. This dew point is advantageously measured with the help of internal or external measuring cells and regulated by controlling appropriate valves, for example solenoid valves, in such a way that no water condenses out at the cold points.
- Fig. 2 shows schematically an apparatus for performing the method with a regulated water injection into the oven.
- the device shown in FIG. 2 has a furnace 1 in which a water injector evaporator 2, a gas injection pipe 3 for protective gas and an oxygen measuring probe 4 are arranged.
- the signal measured in the oxygen measuring probe 4 reaches a control unit 5, in which the current measured value (actual value) in the furnace 1 is continuously compared with a target value (target value) in the holding phase.
- the oxygen partial pressure or the (P H2O / P H2 ) ratio can be used as the actual value. If the actual value deviates from the target value, the control unit 5 controls solenoid valves 6a and 6b, which are arranged in the water injector evaporator 2 and to which water is supplied from a water reservoir 8 via a line 7.
- the water is metered in at intervals of preferably about 5 minutes.
- the water vapor forming in the interior of the furnace 1 is evenly distributed in this way by circulation fans of the furnace 1 in the gas atmosphere of the furnace 1. Further injections are carried out until the actual value and the target value match.
- the amount of water that is sprayed in per injection is measured by a flow measuring device 9 and adjusted via a control device 17, preferably a valve.
- the timing of the injection is set by a timer on the control unit 5. After reaching the target value in the furnace 1, the water injection into the protective gas atmosphere is interrupted by closing the solenoid valves 6a and 6b. At the same time, the time signal for clocking the injection is interrupted.
- the water injector evaporator 2 is equipped here with two solenoid valves 6a and 6b, which are arranged one behind the other.
- the protective gas atmosphere is adjusted by supplying a gas mixture containing nitrogen and hydrogen. Nitrogen is removed from a storage container 10, set to ambient temperature, for example through the air evaporator 11 shown here and fed via a line 12 to a mixing device 13, which is also supplied with hydrogen from a storage container 15 via a line 14. The gas mixture from the mixing device 13 is fed to the protective gas injection pipe 3 via a line 16, the protective gas supply being controlled with the aid of devices according to the prior art.
- a nitrogen / hydrogen mixture containing 5% by volume of hydrogen was humidified at 700 ° C. to a dew point of -2 ° C.
- P H2O / P H2 ratio 0.10
- an equilibrium composition of the protective gas atmosphere was established, which approx. 12.24 vol.% H 2 , 1.22 vol.% H 2 O, 6.74 vol. % CO, 0.50 vol.% CO 2 , 0.20 vol.% CH 4 , balance N 2 contained.
- the measured values of the probes used were -1110 mV for the lambda probe and -1071 mV (H 2 O / H 2 ) for the oxygen probe.
- the partial pressure ratio P H2O / P H was 0.10.
- the sum of the carbon-containing component Cx (% CO +% CO 2 +% CH 4 ) of the moist gas mixture that is in chemical equilibrium is 7.44%, which is about 220 times larger than that of a dry gas mixture.
- the factor of 220 shows the strong influence of humidification on the cleaning properties of low-hydrogen protective gas atmospheres.
- the carbon uptake here is almost comparable to that in a pure hydrogen atmosphere. This applies in particular to gas mixtures with a low hydrogen content, below 30% by volume, preferably below 5% by volume. With increasing H 2 fractions, this factor decreases and for pure hydrogen with 1.5% moisture it is comparable to cleaning via methane formation.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Cleaning And De-Greasing Of Metallic Materials By Chemical Methods (AREA)
- Physical Vapour Deposition (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
- Chemical Treatment Of Metals (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
- Solid-Phase Diffusion Into Metallic Material Surfaces (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Strip Materials And Filament Materials (AREA)
- Furnace Details (AREA)
Description
Claims (9)
- Verfahren zur Reinigung von Metalloberflächen für stationäre Chargenprozesse in stationären Ofenanlagen (1) und für instationäre Durchlaufprozesse in instationären Ofenanlagen (1) unter einer Schutzgasatmosphäre mit den Phasen Aufheizen, Halten und Abkühlen, wobei zur Oxidation von Kohlenstoffrückständen in der Haltephase der Schutzgasatmosphäre Wasser bzw. Wasserdampf zugeführt wird,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine wasserstoffarme Schutzgasatmosphäre mit einem Wasserstoff-Anteil von weniger als 30 Vol.-% eingesetzt wird, und daß Wasser bzw. Wasserdampf derart zugeführt wird, daß sich in der Schutzgasatmosphäre ein Partialdruck-Verhältnis (PH2O/PH2) im Bereich zwischen 0,10 bis 0,15 einstellt, wobei die Zufuhr von Wasser bzw. Wasserdampf taktweise erfolgt, derart, dass eine oxidfreie Behandlung der Metalloberfläche gewährleistet wird. - Verfahren nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Zufuhr von Wasser bzw. Wasserdampf in einem Takt von 2 bis 10 Minuten erfolgt - Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Sauerstoffpartialdruck der Ofenatmosphäre kontinuierlich gemessen wird und in Abhängigkeit der Meßwerte die Zufuhr von Wasser bzw. Wasserdampf gesteuert wird. - Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Sauerstoffpartialdruck der Ofenatmosphäre kontinuierlich gemessen wird und in Abhängigkeit der Meßwerte die Zufuhr von Schutzgas in die Ofenanlage (1) gesteuert wird. - Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß während der Abkühlphase mindestens einmal ein wasserstoffarmes Schutzgas der Ofenanlage (1) zugeführt wird. - Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in instationären Ofenanlagen (1) Wasser bzw. Wasserdampf in den heißesten Teil der Ofenanlage (1) zugeführt wird. - Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in instationären Ofenanlagen (1) das Schutzgas im Bereich der Kühlstrecke der Ofenanlage (1) im Gegenstrom mit dem Metallgut kontinuierlich eingespeist wird und die Ofenanlage (1) im Eingangsbereichs für das Metallgut wieder abgeführt wird. - Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in stationären Ofenanlagen (1) während der Haltephase das wasserstoffarme Schutzgas mindestens einmal, vorzugsweise am Ende der Haltephase, aus der Ofenanlage (1) weggeführt wird und frisches Schutzgas in die Ofenanlage (1) zugeführt wird. - Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die wasserstoffarme Schutzgasatmosphäre einen Wasserstofff-Gehalt von weniger als 5 Vol.-% und einen Restanteil aufweist, der im wesentlichen aus Stickstoff und/oder Edelgas(en) besteht
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19840778 | 1998-09-07 | ||
DE19840778A DE19840778A1 (de) | 1998-09-07 | 1998-09-07 | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Reinigung von Metalloberflächen |
PCT/EP1999/005960 WO2000014289A1 (de) | 1998-09-07 | 1999-08-13 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur reinigung von metalloberflächen |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1114196A1 EP1114196A1 (de) | 2001-07-11 |
EP1114196B1 true EP1114196B1 (de) | 2002-05-02 |
EP1114196B2 EP1114196B2 (de) | 2006-04-12 |
Family
ID=7880080
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP99942869A Expired - Lifetime EP1114196B2 (de) | 1998-09-07 | 1999-08-13 | Verfahren zur reinigung von metalloberflächen |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1114196B2 (de) |
AT (1) | ATE217029T1 (de) |
DE (2) | DE19840778A1 (de) |
PL (1) | PL193048B1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2000014289A1 (de) |
YU (1) | YU49428B (de) |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE10162702C1 (de) * | 2001-12-19 | 2003-04-17 | Messer Griesheim Gmbh | Verfahren zur Vermeidung von Klebern und Kratzern beim Rekristallisationsglühen von Kaltband |
DE10215857A1 (de) * | 2002-04-10 | 2003-10-23 | Linde Ag | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Kontrolle der Zusammensetzung einer Gasatmosphäre |
EP2304061A1 (de) | 2008-06-13 | 2011-04-06 | LOI Thermprocess GmbH | Verfahren zum hochtemperatur-glühen von kornorientiertem elektroband in einer schutzgasatmospäre in einem wärmebehandlungsofen |
DE102010032919B4 (de) * | 2010-07-30 | 2023-10-05 | Air Liquide Deutschland Gmbh | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Befeuchten eines brennbaren Gases |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE4241746C1 (de) * | 1992-12-11 | 1994-08-25 | Messer Griesheim Gmbh | Verfahren zum rußfreien Glühen von Stahlband in einem Glühofen |
US5569339A (en) * | 1990-08-12 | 1996-10-29 | Loi Thermprocess Gmbh | Method of annealing metal parts |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3233374A1 (de) * | 1982-09-08 | 1984-03-08 | Sumitomo Metal Industries, Ltd., Osaka | Verfahren zur herstellung eines gereinigten kaltgewalzten stahlbandes |
DE3580055D1 (de) * | 1984-04-05 | 1990-11-15 | Stein Heurtey | Entfettungsverfahren fuer kaltgewalztes stahlband. |
DE3639657A1 (de) * | 1986-11-20 | 1988-06-01 | Philips Patentverwaltung | Verfahren zum reinigen von metallbauteilen fuer kathodenstrahlroehren |
DE3725174A1 (de) * | 1987-07-29 | 1989-02-09 | Linde Ag | Verfahren zum blank- und rekristallisationsgluehen |
BE1001323A3 (fr) * | 1988-01-15 | 1989-09-26 | Cockerill Sambre Sa | Procede de controle de l'atmosphere humide dans un four de traitement thermique et installation a cet effet. |
DE4207394C1 (de) * | 1992-03-09 | 1993-02-11 | Messer Griesheim Gmbh, 6000 Frankfurt, De | |
EP0572780B1 (de) * | 1992-04-06 | 1995-07-26 | Ebg Gesellschaft Für Elektromagnetische Werkstoffe Mbh | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Reinigung von Metallbandoberflächen durch Gasspülung in wasserstoffreichen Atmosphären |
US5772428A (en) * | 1996-02-09 | 1998-06-30 | Praxair Technology, Inc. | Method and apparatus for heat treatment including H2 /H2 O furnace region control |
-
1998
- 1998-09-07 DE DE19840778A patent/DE19840778A1/de not_active Ceased
-
1999
- 1999-08-13 DE DE59901364T patent/DE59901364D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-08-13 AT AT99942869T patent/ATE217029T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-08-13 PL PL346466A patent/PL193048B1/pl not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-08-13 WO PCT/EP1999/005960 patent/WO2000014289A1/de active IP Right Grant
- 1999-08-13 EP EP99942869A patent/EP1114196B2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-08-20 YU YU39999A patent/YU49428B/sh unknown
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5569339A (en) * | 1990-08-12 | 1996-10-29 | Loi Thermprocess Gmbh | Method of annealing metal parts |
DE4241746C1 (de) * | 1992-12-11 | 1994-08-25 | Messer Griesheim Gmbh | Verfahren zum rußfreien Glühen von Stahlband in einem Glühofen |
Non-Patent Citations (5)
Title |
---|
Claud Béguin, "Einführung in die Technik der Schutz- und Reaktionsgase, (1995), 154 - 159 * |
EN 746-3 * |
F. Neumann, "Methoden zum Messen und Regeln von Aufkohlungs- atmosphären unter besonderer Berücksichtigung des Sauerstoffpotentials", in HTM 44, (1989), 5, pages 261 - 269 * |
R. R. Judd et al., "Effect and Importance of Controlled and Annealing Atmosphere on Magnetic Properties of Lamination Steels", in Heat Treatment of Metals, 1995.4, p. 83 - 88 * |
T. H. Sanderson, "Steam Atmosphere Heat Treatment, in Heat Treatment of Metals", 1975.4, p. 109 - 112 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
PL193048B1 (pl) | 2007-01-31 |
DE59901364D1 (de) | 2002-06-06 |
WO2000014289A1 (de) | 2000-03-16 |
EP1114196A1 (de) | 2001-07-11 |
YU39999A (sh) | 2001-12-26 |
YU49428B (sh) | 2006-01-16 |
ATE217029T1 (de) | 2002-05-15 |
EP1114196B2 (de) | 2006-04-12 |
PL346466A1 (en) | 2002-02-11 |
DE19840778A1 (de) | 2000-03-09 |
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