EP1113711A2 - Torche à plasma et procédé de génération d'un jet de plasma - Google Patents

Torche à plasma et procédé de génération d'un jet de plasma Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1113711A2
EP1113711A2 EP00128326A EP00128326A EP1113711A2 EP 1113711 A2 EP1113711 A2 EP 1113711A2 EP 00128326 A EP00128326 A EP 00128326A EP 00128326 A EP00128326 A EP 00128326A EP 1113711 A2 EP1113711 A2 EP 1113711A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
combustion chamber
plasma torch
torch according
plasma
electrodes
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP00128326A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP1113711A3 (fr
Inventor
Walter Prof. Dr. Peschka
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Gtv-Gesellschaft fur Thermischen Verschleis-Schutz Mbh
Original Assignee
Gtv-Gesellschaft fur Thermischen Verschleis-Schutz Mbh
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Publication of EP1113711A2 publication Critical patent/EP1113711A2/fr
Publication of EP1113711A3 publication Critical patent/EP1113711A3/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24—Generating plasma
    • H05H1/26—Plasma torches
    • H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
    • H05H1/34—Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24—Generating plasma
    • H05H1/26—Plasma torches
    • H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
    • H05H1/34—Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles
    • H05H1/3452—Supplementary electrodes between cathode and anode, e.g. cascade

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a plasma torch with a combustion chamber, in which between an electrode and a counter electrode an arc can be generated and a working gas can be supplied for plasma formation.
  • the invention further relates to a method for production of a plasma jet, in which in a combustion chamber Arc between an electrode and a counter electrode is produced.
  • Such devices and methods are, for example, from DE 41 05 407 C2, DE 41 05 408 C1, the DE 195 40 587 A1, EP 0 249 238 A2 or EP 0 529 850 A2 known.
  • EP 0 436 576 B1 describes a device for generating Discharge arcs which have a first electrode and at least comprises two further electrodes, one using Control the path of the arch between the first Electrode and the other electrodes can be changed.
  • Plasma torches are used, for example, for plasma spray processes for coating materials, one Plasma jet is fed a powder.
  • the invention has for its object a plasma torch to create the generic type, which variable and is universally applicable and in particular extensive Has control and / or regulation options.
  • combustion chamber A plurality of combustion chamber electrodes comprises, which in axial Direction with respect to a combustion chamber axis in succession are arranged and that each individual combustion chamber electrode can be individually controlled electrically and in particular can be energized is.
  • combustion chamber electrodes can be the current distribution variable in the combustion chamber and thereby targeted the formation of the arc during arc discharge control and / or regulate.
  • the Combustion chamber includes anodes and several act as cathodes Elements are provided to serve in a cathode Interaction especially with the closest anode maintain the arc with minimal energy consumption, while the rest of the cathodes essentially serve the arc by means of the other anodes through the combustion chamber in order to optimize the plasma jet to create.
  • the combustion chamber at least at one point has a narrowed cross section.
  • the combustion chamber walls are heavily thermally stressed. According to the invention, it can be adjusted accordingly the current applied to the electrodes of the Plasma flow targeted through this constriction with minimization the wall load.
  • Plasma torches known in the art are controllability and / or controllability with regard to the feed of the filler material, for example, its mass fraction, narrow limits set.
  • a plurality of individually combustible combustion chamber electrodes increased control and / or regulation options given so that the plasma torch according to the invention is universal can be used and in particular surface coatings generate with controlled layer structures let, the previously known from the prior art Plasma torches could not be manufactured.
  • Coatings are made using the filler metal as coating material, which in the combustion chamber is introduced, can be varied during operation itself can, because the electrodes can be individually energized enable appropriate control and / or regulation. In addition, there is greater variability in terms of Reach supply of the individual filler metal parts.
  • the combustion chamber electrodes are preferably used around anodes.
  • three-phase currents can also be used, for example applied between electrodes and counter electrodes be, so that in this case the combustion chamber electrodes too can act at least partially as cathodes and Counter electrodes, which otherwise act as cathodes, as an anode.
  • each Combustion chamber electrode each have an insulating element.
  • the combustion chamber electrodes become electrical separately, so that the individual current can be applied every single combustion chamber electrode is guaranteed.
  • the Insulating elements can in particular also be used as Feeders for filler material in the combustion chamber train so that filler material in a structurally simple manner can be fed to the plasma jet.
  • an insulating element is made of a good heat conductor made of metallic material. Through a electrically non-conductive coating then becomes the electrical Insulation property provided while the insulation element can continue to dissipate heat well.
  • a spacer ring of the insulating element is arranged in an interior.
  • This is especially made of a high temperature resistant, electrical insulating material, and about its axial Height is the distance between adjacent combustion chamber electrodes and can be selected by selecting the spacer ring to adjust.
  • an insulating element with an adjacent combustion chamber electrode is soldered to get a seal.
  • the Combustion chamber electrodes usually need a coolant how water is cooled, and the sealing soldering prevents coolant from entering the combustion chamber can.
  • the seal also enables a better one Cooling the anode and thus ensuring a long service life of the plasma torch according to the invention.
  • the material for a combustion chamber electrode is advantageous and the material for something to be connected with it Insulating element chosen so that the thermal expansion of Insulating element and combustion chamber electrode matched to each other is. Due to the high temperatures in the combustion chamber a different thermal expansion of the insulating element and combustion chamber electrode to break or at least lead to leaks in the solder joint ("thermal mismatch"). The materials will be appropriate chosen, this can be largely avoided. Usually copper is used as the combustion chamber electrode material.
  • the insulating material can then, for example crystalline aluminum oxide, sapphire, magnesite or silicon carbide be or a hard aluminum alloy, like AlMgSil, 5, which is anodized.
  • the buffer material is in particular by means of explosive plating on the combustion chamber electrode and / or that Insulating element applied. Due to shock waves Composite systems made from a wide range of materials can handle high levels of energy are generated so that a for the buffer material there is a correspondingly large selection; then it is an optimal one Material selectable to balance the different Thermal expansion coefficient of insulating element and To reach the anode via the buffer.
  • the combustion chamber is advantageously rotationally symmetrical formed around a combustion chamber axis, around combustion chamber walls not load unevenly.
  • the combustion chamber is conveniently as a plasma nozzle for formed a plasma jet.
  • This plasma beam can then targeted to a workpiece, for example for cutting or welding or if a filler metal is introduced for coating.
  • a nozzle segment of the plasma nozzle which is the closest Cross section of the plasma nozzle comprises, designed as an electrode is.
  • the narrowest cross section serves to increase the flow speed of the working gas to a defined Generate plasma jet. For example, an arc discharge generated between a cathode and this anode which essentially serves to maintain the arch; then the Arches are guided through the combustion chamber in a targeted manner to lead the plasma jet "electrically".
  • a nozzle segment the plasma nozzle which is the narrowest cross section of the plasma nozzle includes, is not designed as an electrode and / or does not act as an electrode. This will break the arc passed the narrowest cross section and only follows this narrowest cross section on an electrode. Thereby the thermal load at this narrowest cross section significantly reduced as a critical area, so that Plasma torch has a longer service life overall or compared to plasma torches known from the prior art can be operated with increased performance with the same service life can.
  • the nozzle segment which is the narrowest Cross section of the plasma nozzle comprises, a nozzle segment arranged, which is designed as an electrode. At this The electrode can then attach the arc.
  • the filler material is advantageously fed in here into the combustion chamber based on the direction of flow of the working gas according to the narrowest cross section of the Combustion chamber.
  • the filler material which is in the combustion chamber is fundamentally abrasive Combustion chamber walls.
  • the most critical area in the Combustion chamber in terms of wall load is the narrowest Cross-section.
  • the filler material is advantageously transverse to one Combustion chamber axis insertable into the combustion chamber and in particular insertable essentially perpendicular to the combustion chamber axis. This ensures that the filler metal is carried away by the plasma jet, since this is carried by the Filler material flow passes. In particular, this is avoided that "unprocessed" filler material directly on the workpiece can fall and, for example, faulty structures the coating can occur. (It should be borne in mind that the filler material for coating applications is usually a powder.)
  • the filler material is advantageously in the combustion chamber Can be inserted transversely to a radial direction and in particular tangent to an azimuth direction. This is the filler metal a swirl can be given when entering the combustion chamber, through which the inclusion in the plasma beam and entrainment can be increased with the plasma jet.
  • a transport medium such as a transport liquid or a transport gas can be introduced into the combustion chamber.
  • the transport medium can then be the filler material, for example a powder, blow into the combustion chamber.
  • the transport gas it is in particular an inert gas such as Argon, helium or neon.
  • Feeding devices through which filler material is insertable into the combustion chamber, the feed devices are axially spaced and the feed by the respective feed devices independently of one another is feasible. This can be done at different Blow in the combustion chamber filler material and in particular different filler materials can also be used blow in.
  • the filler materials and the injection points can then be in the Connection with a corresponding control and / or Regulation of the current applied to the electrodes Aim the "mixed jet" at a workpiece so that, for example a defined one during a coating process Layer structure is formed, the multiple coating materials includes.
  • the combustion chamber comprises a plurality of anodes as combustion chamber electrodes.
  • a counter electrode is then a cathode.
  • Counter electrodes to the combustion chamber electrodes are provided is to extensive control and / or regulation options to obtain.
  • the number of Counter electrodes correspond to the number of combustion chamber electrodes. This allows each cathode to be an anode or vice versa assign and a corresponding power supply of these associated electrode pairs. Such one The pair of electrodes is then related to the other pairs of electrodes powered independently so that each combustion chamber electrode can be individually supplied with current.
  • the counter electrodes are symmetrical to the Combustion chamber electrodes arranged with respect to a combustion chamber axis are. On the one hand, this is the control and / or Regulation is not restricted and secondly become uneven Chamber wall loads of the combustion chamber avoided. In particular three cathodes can be provided.
  • a central feed channel is advantageously provided.
  • This buffer storage which is between the combustion chamber and a working gas source is arranged, serves to pressure fluctuations in the Compensate working gas supply from the source, so that the combustion chamber constantly working gas with an im substantially constant pressure is supplied and thus the plasma torch according to the invention a high operational stability having.
  • the working gas for counter-electrode cooling can be used.
  • the service life of the invention Plasma torch increased because of the additional Counter electrode cooling by the working gas of the breakdown Counter electrode is slowed down.
  • a counter electrode holder is advantageously provided for this purpose, which comprises one or more channels through which working gas can be fed to the combustion chamber.
  • working gas can also be used to cool the counterelectrode supply and in particular can flow around it with working gas.
  • This is conveniently in the counter electrode holder around a counterelectrode a gap which is ring-like in cross section formed so that working gas, which from the counter electrode holder emerges, flows in a ring flow and thus can flow around the counter electrode. It will then be an optimal one Cooling effect achieved.
  • a conical ring-like gap in cross section is inclined towards the counter electrode. It is achieved in that the working gas is the counter electrode flows around and flows along it to dissipate heat.
  • the channel or channels of the counter electrode holder are favorable inclined in the direction of the combustion chamber axis.
  • the working gas receives one when it exits the combustion chamber Swirl, which is used to improve the mixing of the filler material into a plasma jet. So it's cheap if when the working gas enters the combustion chamber Swirl can be generated.
  • the degree of turbulence the flow in the combustion chamber through the working gas control swirl given.
  • This swirl can be in the same direction or in the opposite direction to the flow direction of a filler in the combustion chamber his. This depends on the specific application, depending after what is cheaper.
  • a counter electrode to the combustion chamber electrode with respect to the combustion chamber in its axial position is movable. This allows the shape of the Optimize the arc by, in particular, the Distance of a cathode as the counter electrode to the closest Cross section is changed. It can also be done Cathode erosion due to the operation of the invention Take into account the plasma torch.
  • a counter electrode adjustable during operation of the plasma torch is, so another control and / or To get regulation possibility.
  • each combustion chamber electrode regardless of the other combustion chamber electrodes and in particular the current flow to each combustion chamber electrode from one to the other Combustion chamber electrodes adjustable and controllable and / or is adjustable. This allows the plasma torch according to the invention use universally and you get a high variability regarding possible applications.
  • a DC power supply is particularly advantageous, and in particular controllable and / or adjustable DC power supply for one pair of electrodes each counter electrode / combustion chamber electrode (Cathode and associated anode) provided so that thereby the adjustability of the current applied to a individual combustion chamber electrode is adjustable and extensive Get control and / or regulation options become.
  • High-frequency pulses can be superimposed. Through such High-frequency pulses can be the arc, which in the Combustion chamber is designed to stabilize. About the high frequency pulses there is an additional control and / or possibility of regulation.
  • an additional heater is provided for the combustion chamber. This results in a further control and / or regulation option, by heating the plasma in the combustion chamber becomes.
  • An additional heater is advantageously formed by that the electrical power supply to the counter electrodes a three-phase current is superimposed, especially if three Counter electrodes are provided. You then get one arc circulating between the counter electrodes, wherein the main DC discharges from these electrodes on the combustion chamber electrodes.
  • the additional heating is on or comprises a plurality of electrodes and in particular cathodes, which Point into the combustion chamber across the combustion chamber axis. Thereby the plasma can also be easily heated.
  • an electrode is for an additional heater conveniently essentially in one radial direction of the combustion chamber aligned.
  • the additional heating is advantageously by means of direct current and / or alternating current and / or three-phase current.
  • a nozzle segment Plasma nozzle which has the narrowest cross section, a convergent part and a subsequent weak has divergent part.
  • With the flow in dissipative losses occur in the nozzle segment dissipative wall losses and flow losses. this causes with the corresponding channel geometry on the nozzle segment, that a sound-near current flows, which near the wall Has subsonic speed and at the axis of the Combustion chamber with a Mach number in the range between about 1 to 1.05 flows. Then due to the turbulence in the flow the flow in the subsequent cylindrical channel section still close to sound with an average Mach number of essentially 1.
  • a counter electrode and the combustion chamber electrodes are expediently in this case arranged so that an arc through the narrowest cross section of the plasma nozzle is carried out.
  • the electrodes are heated with the working gas one or more arcs, for example pulsating Direct current or alternating current of suitable frequency is provided is, whereby the arcs through the narrowest cross section.
  • arcs for example pulsating Direct current or alternating current of suitable frequency is provided is, whereby the arcs through the narrowest cross section.
  • the heating by the arc the influence that the Flow is accelerated before the narrowest cross section, because Heaters in the subsonic area increase the Mach number up results in a maximum of 1.
  • the influence of heating in that of speed and the Mach number can be reduced.
  • a convergent part and one itself Subsequent weakly divergent part are provided and the arc through the narrowest cross section extends through, ensuring that the flow is always close to sound, it is achieved that the heating none opposing influence on the current and thereby the Flow remains stable and essentially in the subsonic range and at most in the sound-related supersonic area runs. That’s it Occurrence of strong impacts and in particular, there is no significant loss of static pressure.
  • auxiliary heaters are spaced arranged along the flow direction in the combustion chamber are.
  • a cylindrical flow channel narrows because, for example an electrode must protrude into it.
  • this can have a negative influence, because in particular compression shocks can occur.
  • This negative Influence can be reduced using a shock diffuser or even eliminate; in that downstream Filler material in the combustion chamber, that is in the Flow that can be injected can result in weak puffs are triggered and thus the Decelerate flow and increase pressure. This will be without changing the geometry of the flow channel (the plasma nozzle) reached.
  • the blowing in Filler material basically in a subsonic flow or at most in a flow close to sound and in particular it can be prevented that filler metal blown into a fully formed supersonic flow becomes. This causes the occurrence of strong impacts excluded which corresponding static pressure losses for Episode.
  • the plasma torch according to the invention can also be in one Use a plasma engine especially for a spacecraft.
  • the extensive variation possibilities regarding the Beam formation and beam composition make this possible Commitment.
  • the filler material is a liquid medium such as water. This liquid medium when in the arc of the Working gas is introduced, is heated and expanded thermally, creating a recoil pulse for the spacecraft can be generated. Due to the configuration according to the invention thereby loading the cathodes and the narrowest cross-section of the combustion chamber avoided by the expanding medium.
  • the liquid medium can also be chemical act aggressive medium; the configuration according to the invention allows the use of such a medium, in particular the load on the cathode and the narrowest nozzle cross-section is avoided by the filler metal.
  • this object is achieved at the outset described method in that the combustion chamber a plurality of in the axial direction with respect to a combustion chamber axis successive combustion chamber electrodes and that the combustion chamber electrodes are individually controlled and / or regulated to be supplied with current to the To control and / or regulate the arc in the combustion chamber.
  • the filler material is favorably supplied via one or several feeding devices, each between adjacent Combustion chamber electrodes are arranged in the combustion chamber blown in. This creates great variability achieved in terms of use. In particular, Manufacture layer structures on a workpiece, which by means of different filler materials are formed.
  • a first embodiment of a plasma torch according to the invention which is designated as a whole in FIG. 1 by 10 comprises a cylindrical housing 12 with a housing wall 14.
  • the housing wall 14 has an axis 16.
  • a housing base 18 arranged, which around the axis 16 a cylindrical has continuous opening 20.
  • a housing cover 22 provided at the other end of the housing 12 is connected to the housing wall 14. Fixing the case back 18 and housing cover 22 on the housing wall 14 not shown in Figure 1 and is in connection with the third embodiment of Figure 5 explained.
  • the housing wall 14 Enclosed by the housing wall 14 is in the housing 12 cylindrical cavity 24 formed in which one as a whole arranged with the combustion chamber designated 26, the combustion chamber axis coincides with axis 16.
  • a combustion chamber 28 the combustion chamber is rotationally symmetrical to the combustion chamber axis 16 trained.
  • the combustion chamber 26 is made up of a plurality of segments educated. In the embodiment shown in Figure 1 Combustion chamber 26 includes five segments.
  • a first segment 30 of the combustion chamber 26, which is the housing cover 22 closest segment has a first Segment section 32, the chamber wall 34 cylindrical is formed, the chamber wall 34 coaxial with the housing wall 14 is aligned.
  • On the first segment section 32 is followed by a second segment section 36, which is in one piece is connected to the first segment section 32 and which has the shape of a truncated cone with an axis coaxial to Combustion chamber axis 16 has.
  • the cone angle is that an imaginary cone tip of the second segment section 36 points to the housing base 18.
  • the first segment 30 is designed so that the Normal operating parameters of a heating of a working gas, by which a plasma is generated, that by the constriction between the second segment section 36 and the third Segment section 42, the working gas essentially in subsonic flow flows or at most with sound Speed.
  • the cone angle of Interior 44 at a small value.
  • the housing wall 14 has a cylindrical recess 46 provided, through which an annular surface 48, the housing cover 22nd is formed facing towards which the first segment 30 the positioning of which can be placed in the cavity 24.
  • a second segment follows toward the housing base 18 50, which as an insulating element from an electrical insulating material such as aluminum oxide, Sapphire, magnesite or silicon carbide is made. It can also be provided that such an insulating element 50 an anodized aluminum hard alloy such as AlMgSil, 5 is. In a variant of an embodiment, this is Insulating element made of a highly heat-conductive metallic Made of material and with an electrically insulating Provide cover.
  • the insulating element 50 has a disk-like shape a central cylindrical recess each on opposite End faces, so that the insulating member 50 in Cross-section is bone-shaped. A thereby the housing cover 22 facing step edge 52 is from an outer ring surface 54 of the third segment section 42 of the first Segment 30 surrounded.
  • the insulating element 50 points to the formation of the combustion chamber 28 a cylindrical central opening 56 whose diameter the diameter of the interior 44 of the third segment section 42 corresponds to the transition to the second segment 50.
  • a spacer ring (not in the figure shown) to be arranged to the distance between adjacent Anodes, between which the insulating element (50) is arranged is to be determined.
  • the insulating element 50 is provided with a channel 58 (FIG. 2), which is transverse and in particular perpendicular to the combustion chamber axis 16 is oriented with an opening 60, which is oriented so that a fluid is transverse to one radial direction 62 and in particular tangential to one Azimuthal direction of the combustion chamber 28 can be blown into this.
  • the channel 58 goes through the housing wall 14 to the outside Fluid, which is in particular an additional material can act to blow into the combustion chamber 28.
  • the mouth opening 60 is arranged so that the Fluid on or near a side surface 64 of the combustion chamber 28 is inflatable to a tangential feed of the Fluids over the insulating element designed as a feed device 50 to allow.
  • An insulating element 50 is followed by an anode 66 as the third Segment and as a further combustion chamber electrode with a cylindrical interior 68, the diameter of which the Corresponds to opening 56 in the second segment 50.
  • the second segment 50, the third segment 66 points in the direction of the housing cover 22 facing ring element 70, which around a corresponding step edge 72 of the second segment 50, which faces the housing base 18, rotates.
  • a fourth segment 74 follows Combustion chamber 26, which is an insulating element and basically is constructed in the same way as the second segment 50 corresponding lower, facing away from the ring member 70 Ring element of the third segment 66 rotates a corresponding one Step edge of the fourth segment 74.
  • the fourth segment 74 is followed by another, as an anode (Combustion chamber electrode) formed fifth segment, which protrudes from the housing base 18 with an opening 78, from which a plasma jet during operation of the emerges plasma torch according to the invention.
  • the fifth segment includes a first section 80 with a cylindrical interior 82, the diameter of which is that of the interior 68 corresponds to the third segment and a second Section 84, whose interior 86 is frustoconical is, the imaginary cone tip in the direction of Housing cover 22 and the opening 78 has a base of the truncated cone.
  • the anodes 30, 66, 76 can provide a better seal and to achieve better cooling, with the appropriate intermediate insulating elements 50 and 74 be soldered. This soldering must also take the high temperatures which can occur during the operation of the plasma torch, withstand. It is therefore important that the appropriate Materials of the anodes and the insulating elements with respect their coefficient of thermal expansion are adjusted so that no damage to the soldered connection due to the high temperatures occurs.
  • a buffer material is applied, in particular by means of explosive plating, which has a coefficient of thermal expansion, which is between that of the material for the corresponding Anode and that of the material for the corresponding insulating element lies, so a compensation in terms of thermal expansion to create when the temperature rises.
  • cooling device To cool the combustion chamber 26, one as a whole is 88 designated cooling device provided. This includes in parallel arranged to the combustion chamber axis 16 in the housing wall 14 Cooling channels 90, which are particularly symmetrical with respect to the Combustion chamber axis 16 are arranged and distributed over the one Coolant, in particular water, can be supplied to the combustion chamber 26 is.
  • the housing cover 22 has corresponding channels 92 on, via which the coolant can be supplied and / or removed.
  • a closing element 94 is arranged in segment 30 of the combustion chamber 26, between which and the housing cover 22 a cylindrical Cavity 96 is formed, which is used as a distribution space for the coolant is used.
  • This cavity 96 is fluid-tight opposite the channels 90, 92 completed.
  • the housing cover 22 has one or more corresponding ones Channels on. It is preferably provided for the coolant is supplied via the cavity 96 and via the Channels 90, 92 is discharged.
  • the corresponding feeding devices and discharge devices are shown in FIG. 1 Not shown.
  • channels 98 which are also preferably symmetrically distributed around the combustion chamber axis 16 are arranged. These channels settle in the first Segment 30 continues as channels 100, with appropriate seals 102 for fluid-tight sealing between the closing element 94 and the first segment 30 are arranged.
  • the channels 100 open into the first segment 30 in the area of the second segment section 36 into a cavity 104 through which the (external) combustion chamber surface which can be acted on with coolant is enlarged. Further channels 106 extend from the cavity 104 from which is in the insulating member 50 and the third segment 66 continue, each between the first segment 30 and the second segment 50, and the second segment 50 and seals corresponding to the third segment 66 are arranged are.
  • seals 108 are also between the first segment 30 and the housing wall 14 seals 108 arranged, which in particular prevent that coolant from cavity 96 into the area penetrates between the first segment 30 and the housing wall 14.
  • each annular Cavity 110 formed with appropriate seals are arranged so that coolant is not in can penetrate this cavity 110.
  • the third segment 66 designed as an anode also has an annular cavity 112 which the with the coolant actable area of the anode 66 enlarged.
  • ducts lead through the second insulating element (fourth segment) 74 and that designed as an anode fifth segment 76 into another annular cavity 114 of the fifth segment 76, in which the channels 90 in the housing wall 14 open so that the combustion chamber flows through Coolant starting from the cavity 114 via the channels 90, 92 can be removed from the plasma torch according to the invention.
  • the cathode holder 40 which is arranged on the support stage 38 is aligned parallel to the combustion chamber axis 16 holders through the housing cover 22, the distribution room 96, the closing element 94 and by corresponding Openings 116 protrude into combustion chamber 28.
  • One embodiment has three cathodes as counter electrodes provided to the combustion chamber anodes and accordingly three holders 116, which are symmetrical about the combustion chamber axis 16 are distributed, d. H. the cornerstones of a form an equilateral triangle (see FIG. 6).
  • rod-shaped cathode 118 as a counter electrode to the combustion chamber electrodes, which, for example, made of tungsten is.
  • the holders 116 are provided with inner channels, through which a coolant, especially water, for Cooling of the cathode 120 can be fed to the holder 116.
  • the cathode holder 40 itself is at a distance from that Closing element 94 arranged so that a cavity 122 between the closing element and the cathode holder 40 is formed.
  • a channel 124 for a working gas opens into this cavity 122, such as argon or helium, for plasma generation.
  • the cavity 122 serves in particular as a buffer store for the working gas to pressure fluctuations in the supply over to compensate for a feed device (not shown in the figure).
  • the cathode holder 40 comprises an injection element 126, which is made in particular from a ceramic material, and with which it rests on the support level 38.
  • This blowing element has feed channels 128 which start out open from the cavity 122 into the combustion chamber 28, wherein these have an inclination towards the combustion chamber axis 16, so that the working gas when entering the combustion chamber 28 Swirl can be issued.
  • the feed channels 128 are in particular so arranged that introduced into the combustion chamber 28 Working gas flows around the cathodes 120, i. H. through the area flows between the cathodes and the first segment 30.
  • the cathode holder has holders 116 assigned to it Ring elements 130, between a holder 116 and the Blowing element 126 transverse to the combustion chamber axis 16 is a cylindrical one Annular gap 132 is formed.
  • the ring element 130 itself is also a ring-shaped one in cross section Gap 134 formed surrounding the holder 116, this Gap conical in the direction of the cathode 120 is so that working gas through this gap 134 into the annular gap 132 flow and can flow around the cathode 120 to to cool them with working gas.
  • the injection element 126 also has a coaxial relationship with the combustion chamber axis 116 a separating element 136 pointing into the combustion chamber 28 on which is related to the axial direction across the cathodes 120 stands out and also from an insulating Ceramic material is made. This separating element 136 serves to the mutual influence of the cathodes to prevent.
  • the number of Anodes corresponds to the number of cathodes. Then it's everyone Combustion chamber electrode and in particular anode a counter electrode and in particular electrically assigned to the cathode, d. H. it is a plurality of anode-cathode-electrode pairs educated.
  • the one or more power supplies includes. It is provided according to the invention that the Current applied to each anode 30 (provided the first segment is designed as an anode and acts as an anode), 66, 76 individually is controllable and / or regulatable, d. H. the current application each anode independent of the other anodes is controllable and / or adjustable to an optimal arc shape and optimal flow conditions in the combustion chamber 28 to obtain. In particular, it can be provided that the Anodes can be electrically connected outside to this Way to enable independent power supply.
  • the plasma torch according to the invention works as follows:
  • Cooling is provided via the distribution space 96 and the channels 102 the combustion chamber 26 coolant is supplied and discharged via the Channels 90 discharged or supplied.
  • Working gas is over the Channel 124 and the buffer memory 122 are fed to the combustion chamber 28, the one entering combustion chamber 28 via gap 134 Part of the working gas also acts as cathodes Electrodes in the gas stream cools and through the feed channels 128 injected working gas swirl when entering the Combustion chamber 28 receives.
  • the application of current in particular can be controlled individually by direct current, can be correspondingly adjust the current distribution in the combustion chamber 26 and so an optimal shape of the arc and train according to the flow. In particular, it leaves prevent the plasma flow from constricting, thereby otherwise high wall loads could occur that even could destroy a plasma torch. Also a quenching of the arc can be avoided.
  • filler material such as a spray material.
  • the resulting two-phase flow can be due to the Plurality of anodes, the current applied to them individually is controllable and / or regulatable, well control. This leaves there is a high variability of the plasma flow with respect to both the mass flow as well as the energy flow.
  • insulation element 50 e.g. insulation element 50 and insulating element 74
  • insulating element 74 blow into the combustion chamber 28, so that, for example, during a coating process a corresponding layer structure can be obtained.
  • the filler material with the help a transport gas which is in particular a inert gas such as argon, helium, nitrogen or neon, is blown into the combustion chamber 28 via channels 58.
  • a transport gas which is in particular a inert gas such as argon, helium, nitrogen or neon
  • the power supply to the electrodes is radio frequency pulses be overlaid.
  • the first segment 30 of the combustion chamber 26, in which the narrowest cross section of the plasma nozzle is formed a convergent with respect to the flow direction of the working gas Segment section 36 on and a little divergent part 42.
  • the nozzle geometry is designed so that in connection with dissipative wall losses and dissipative flow losses a flow close to sound can be reached, which is a subsonic flow, especially near the wall and is close to sound in the combustion chamber axis with a Mach number in the highest range of about 1 to 1.05. In the subsequent cylindrical segment 50 is then Flow close to sound with an average Mach number of im essential 1.
  • the insulating element has 144, as shown in Figure 4, next to the channel 58 for the filler material on a cathode element 144, which protrudes into the combustion chamber 28 and that with direct current, alternating current or three-phase current can be supplied.
  • the cathode element 144 is in particular transverse in a radial direction 146 and in particular aligned perpendicular to the combustion chamber axis 16.
  • Additional heating is provided via such a cathode element 144 formed for the plasma in the combustion chamber 28, so that an additional Temperature control and / or temperature control of the Plasma can be done. This makes the variability of the invention Plasma torch further increased.
  • cathode elements 144 can also be used on other insulating elements be provided.
  • the additional heater constricts the cylindrical Flow channel; when the additional heating flows close to the sound by means of subsonic flow results in flow after the additional heating, a sound-related supersonic flow.
  • a sound-related supersonic flow By blowing in downstream Filler metal can trigger this weak shock waves can be realized.
  • By blowing in of filler material can be a shock diffuser train which so pressure fluctuations and Counteracting instabilities in the flow. This is achieved without the channel geometry in the area of cylindrical flow itself must be changed.
  • the negative influence of a sound-related supersonic flow through An additional heater can therefore be carried out by Blowing of filler material, which is a Eliminate impact diffuser effect.
  • the arrangement, implementation, in particular the electrical operating parameters of the auxiliary heater to adapt to the special design of the channel geometry and in particular is a vote on these elements perform to pressure fluctuations and instabilities to prevent.
  • a prerequisite for this vote is at all feasible, however, is that the filler into an ultrasonic flow or at most close to sound Flow is blown in and not into a fully trained one Supersonic flow.
  • the plasma torch is according to the second embodiment formed essentially the same as that according to the first embodiment and also works essentially equal. Same components in the second embodiment therefore have the same reference numerals in FIGS. 3 and 4 as in Figures 1 and 2.
  • FIG Whole In a third embodiment, which is shown in FIG Whole is designated 150, the housing cover 22 and the housing base 18 via a first bolt 152 and one second bolt 154 clamped by a hexagon 156 held against each other with counter-rotating internal threads and can be clamped together to make it even Housing bottom 18 and housing cover 22 with the housing wall 14 to brace.
  • the bolts 152 and 154 are essentially the same with a bolt head 158. You go through an opening 160 each in the housing cover 22 and housing base 18, wherein in this opening an insulating element 162 for electrical insulation the bolt from the housing 12 is seated. Between the Bolt head and the housing base 18 or the housing wall 14 a washer 163 and a disc spring 164 are arranged. By turning the hexagon 156, the housing cover 22 and housing base 18 clamped together.
  • FIG. 5 is from Housing cover 22 starting from a first anode 166, a first Insulating element 168, a second anode 170, a second insulating element 172, a third anode 174, a third insulating element 176 and finally facing the housing base 18 a fourth anode 178 is provided.
  • This fourth anode 178 also has the mouth opening 78.
  • the second insulating member 172 is a plurality of Provide electrodes 180 ( Figure 7), which in radial Project direction in the combustion chamber 28. With these electrodes it is particularly cathodes.
  • a holder 182 for a cathode element 180 is covered arranged reset to the combustion chamber 28 so that between a combustion chamber boundary surface 184 and a Combustion chamber 28 facing end of the holder 182 a distance is formed.
  • the cathode holder 40 is shown. It can in particular, be provided that the cathodes 40 relative to the Combustion chamber 28 are slidable, the position of the Cathodes in the combustion chamber 28 can be adjusted.
  • the movability can be achieved by using the cathode holder 40 as a whole is slidable or each of the holders 116 is slidable.
  • the combustion chamber electrodes and so the counter electrode or counter electrodes electrical energy and in particular with Three-phase current, that a rotating, not temporally stationary Three-phase arc is generated.
  • One with three-phase frequency Circulating arc can with three pairs of electrodes successively between two neighboring ones Electrodes (counter electrodes) are ignited.
  • the counter electrode / counter electrodes and combustion chamber electrodes act then successively alternately as anodes and cathodes and also alternating in time as such.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Plasma Technology (AREA)
EP00128326A 1999-12-31 2000-12-22 Torche à plasma et procédé de génération d'un jet de plasma Withdrawn EP1113711A3 (fr)

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DE19963904 1999-12-31
DE19963904A DE19963904C2 (de) 1999-12-31 1999-12-31 Plasmabrenner und Verfahren zur Erzeugung eines Plasmastrahls

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EP1113711A3 EP1113711A3 (fr) 2002-12-18

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DE10210914A1 (de) * 2002-03-04 2003-10-02 Gtv Ges Fuer Thermischen Versc Plasmabrenner und Verfahren zur Erzeugung eines Plasmastrahls
WO2004028221A1 (fr) * 2002-09-17 2004-04-01 Smatri Ab Dispositif de pulverisation plasma
WO2006108395A1 (fr) * 2005-04-11 2006-10-19 Dr. Laure Plasmatechnologie Gmbh Dispositif et procede de revetement par jet de plasma
WO2012049248A1 (fr) * 2010-10-15 2012-04-19 Industrieanlagen-Betriebsgesellschaft Mbh Dispositif et procédé de production assistée par plasma de particules nanométriques et/ou de revêtement de surfaces
WO2012143024A1 (fr) * 2011-04-20 2012-10-26 Industrieanlagen-Betriebsgesellschaft Mbh Dispositif et procédé de production assistée par plasma de particules à l'échelle nanométrique et/ou de formation de revêtement sur des surfaces
CN107509299A (zh) * 2016-02-22 2017-12-22 衢州迪升工业设计有限公司 一种电离协同的热解装置
WO2019221644A1 (fr) * 2018-05-14 2019-11-21 King Abdulaziz City For Science And Technology Torche à plasma pour la génération de jet de plasma thermique
CN110708852A (zh) * 2019-09-25 2020-01-17 清华大学 一种等离子体枪

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DE10210210A1 (de) * 2002-03-01 2003-12-11 Gtv Ges Fuer Thermischen Versc Stromversorgungseinrichtung für eine Plasmabrennervorrichtung und Verfahren zur Erzeugung eines gepulsten Ausgangsstroms
US7079370B2 (en) 2003-04-28 2006-07-18 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Apparatus and method for removal of surface oxides via fluxless technique electron attachment and remote ion generation
TWI274622B (en) * 2003-04-28 2007-03-01 Air Prod & Chem Apparatus and method for removal of surface oxides via fluxless technique involving electron attachment and remote ion generation
DE102004006636B4 (de) * 2004-02-10 2013-10-17 Dr. Laure Plasmatechnologie Gmbh Plasmagenerator und Verfahren zur Reduktion und Reinigung von oxidhaltigen Metallverbindungen
DE102009005078A1 (de) 2009-01-16 2010-02-18 Daimler Ag Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Lichtbogendrahtspritzen
DE102010015891A1 (de) * 2010-03-09 2011-09-15 Industrieanlagen-Betriebsgesellschaft Mbh Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Herstellung nanoskaliger partikulärer Feststoffe und Plasmabrenner

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US3309550A (en) * 1964-03-06 1967-03-14 Westinghouse Electric Corp Multiple annular electrode gas arc heater with a magnetic arc spinner
US4620080A (en) * 1984-06-27 1986-10-28 Nippon Steel Corporation Plasma jet generating apparatus with plasma confining vortex generator
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DE10210914C5 (de) * 2002-03-04 2009-02-12 GTV-Gesellschaft für thermischen Verschleiss-Schutz mbH Plasmabrenner und Verfahren zur Erzeugung eines Plasmastrahls
DE10210914B4 (de) * 2002-03-04 2005-01-20 GTV-Gesellschaft für thermischen Verschleiss-Schutz mbH Plasmabrenner und Verfahren zur Erzeugung eines Plasmastrahls
DE10210914A1 (de) * 2002-03-04 2003-10-02 Gtv Ges Fuer Thermischen Versc Plasmabrenner und Verfahren zur Erzeugung eines Plasmastrahls
WO2004028221A1 (fr) * 2002-09-17 2004-04-01 Smatri Ab Dispositif de pulverisation plasma
US7291804B2 (en) 2002-09-17 2007-11-06 Microspray Technologies i Göteborg AB Plasma-spraying device
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WO2006108395A1 (fr) * 2005-04-11 2006-10-19 Dr. Laure Plasmatechnologie Gmbh Dispositif et procede de revetement par jet de plasma
WO2012049248A1 (fr) * 2010-10-15 2012-04-19 Industrieanlagen-Betriebsgesellschaft Mbh Dispositif et procédé de production assistée par plasma de particules nanométriques et/ou de revêtement de surfaces
WO2012143024A1 (fr) * 2011-04-20 2012-10-26 Industrieanlagen-Betriebsgesellschaft Mbh Dispositif et procédé de production assistée par plasma de particules à l'échelle nanométrique et/ou de formation de revêtement sur des surfaces
CN107509299A (zh) * 2016-02-22 2017-12-22 衢州迪升工业设计有限公司 一种电离协同的热解装置
CN107509299B (zh) * 2016-02-22 2019-03-12 衢州迪升工业设计有限公司 一种电离协同的热解装置
WO2019221644A1 (fr) * 2018-05-14 2019-11-21 King Abdulaziz City For Science And Technology Torche à plasma pour la génération de jet de plasma thermique
CN110708852A (zh) * 2019-09-25 2020-01-17 清华大学 一种等离子体枪

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DE19963904A1 (de) 2001-08-16
DE19963904C2 (de) 2001-12-06
EP1113711A3 (fr) 2002-12-18

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