EP0474899A1 - Méthode et dispositif pour générer un jet de flammes de plasma - Google Patents

Méthode et dispositif pour générer un jet de flammes de plasma Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0474899A1
EP0474899A1 EP90117441A EP90117441A EP0474899A1 EP 0474899 A1 EP0474899 A1 EP 0474899A1 EP 90117441 A EP90117441 A EP 90117441A EP 90117441 A EP90117441 A EP 90117441A EP 0474899 A1 EP0474899 A1 EP 0474899A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
chamber
plasma
fuel
passage
flame jet
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP90117441A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Tadahiro Shimadzu
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
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Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to EP90117441A priority Critical patent/EP0474899A1/fr
Publication of EP0474899A1 publication Critical patent/EP0474899A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24—Generating plasma
    • H05H1/26—Plasma torches
    • H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24—Generating plasma
    • H05H1/26—Plasma torches
    • H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
    • H05H1/34—Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24—Generating plasma
    • H05H1/26—Plasma torches
    • H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
    • H05H1/34—Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles
    • H05H1/3452—Supplementary electrodes between cathode and anode, e.g. cascade
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24—Generating plasma
    • H05H1/26—Plasma torches
    • H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
    • H05H1/34—Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles
    • H05H1/3478—Geometrical details
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24—Generating plasma
    • H05H1/26—Plasma torches
    • H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
    • H05H1/34—Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles
    • H05H1/3484—Convergent-divergent nozzles

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an improved method and apparatus for generating an ultra-high temperature and velocity plasma flame jet.
  • the method as well as the apparatus of the present invention effectively heat-treats, coats, cuts or welds metals, ceramics or the like, or dehydrates, pulverizes or resolves various types of waste matters.
  • a plasma flame formed electrically is capable of generating an ultra-high temperature of 2.500 - 9.000 ° C, it can provide a temperature high enough to fuse metal or ceramic particles which possess a high fusing point.
  • the velocity of a conventional gaseous stream is not very high, being merely 400 - 600 m/sec.
  • particles fed in the gaseous stream do not possess a velocity sufficient enough to secure coating on a substrate surface.
  • U. S. Patent No. 4,370,538 discloses a method and apparatus for ultra-high velocity dual stream metal flame spraying.
  • the method and apparatus of said invention primarily comprises the combination of a primary jet stream generated by a plasma arc of an inert gas such as argon, helium or nitrogen and a secondary stream generated by combustion of the mixture of air and fuel within an internal burner under a high pressure.
  • the high velocity gaseous accelerating secondary jet stream is directed as a converging annular flow about and into the primary jet stream of high temperature bearing melted particles to accelerate the particles for improved impingement coating of a substrate with the internal burner operated under parameters such that the secondary jet stream is at sufficient high temperature to prevent solidification of the particles during transport by the higher molten secondary stream prior to impact on the substrate surface.
  • the problem to be solved by the present invention is to improve a method and an apparatus for generating an ultra-high temperature and velocity plasma flame jet.
  • the method as well as the apparatus of the present invention effectively heat-treats, coats, cuts or welds metals, ceramics or the like, or dehydrates, pulverizes or resolves various types of waste matters.
  • an effective as well as efficient method and apparatus for an ultra-high velocity and temperature plasma flame jet are provided, wherein, different from the above- identified prior art invention, fuel gas, instead of said inert gas, is utilized as a plasma-forming gas to form a plasma flame first and then a burning flame.
  • fuel gas instead of said inert gas
  • a burning condition in the process of generating a plasma flame jet is obtained.
  • a plasma flame jet with both thermal and inflational energies can be generated.
  • the burning performed under a high-temperature, high-pressure condition brings about gaseous inflation which is by far greater than the critical inflation.
  • This inflational energy provides an ultra-high velocity plasma flame jet.
  • Such a method and apparatus is capable of forming a plasma flame and a burning flame in a process and of generating an ultra-high velocity and temperature plasma flame jet.
  • 10 is passage, 11 cathode, 12 anode, 16 first chamber, 17 liquid or gaseous fuel supply tube, 18 second chamber, 19 oxygen or compressed air supply tube, and 20 is discharging opening.
  • FIGS. 1 - 4 show simplified drawings of the apparatus embodiments of the present invention.
  • Fig. 1 shows a cylindrical torch body and a passage 10 within the body.
  • a cathode electrode 11 which is made of conductive material such as tungsten.
  • a cylindrical-shape anode 12 which is also made of conductive material.
  • Coolant conduits 14 and 15 are employed to cool the anode 12 and the cathode 11.
  • a gas supply tube 17 is connected to the space (first chamber) 16 created between said end part and the cathode 11 to introduce liquid or gaseous fuel.
  • a gas supply system (not shown) with a gas meter and a control valve is connected to said gas supply tube 17.
  • Ahead of said end part of the passage and the anode 12 is another space (second chamber) 18 facilitated as a combustion chamber to burn fuel gas plasma formed by electrically converting liquid or gaseous fuel.
  • the second chamber 18 is so made that oxygen or compressed air is supplied there for combusting fuel gas plasma, and one of the oxygen or compressed air supply tubes 19 is connected with the passage part 10 between the first cahmber 16 and the second chamber 18 and the other is connected with the second chamber 18.
  • a supply system (not shown) with a flow meter and a control valve for supplying oxygen or compressed air is connected to said supply tubes 19.
  • the combusting condition of fuel gas plasma in the second chamber 18 is controlled by the supply of oxygen or compressed air from said supply tubes 19. Either both or one of these supply tubes can be utilized at a time.
  • a water conduit 21 for circulating coolant is facilitated around the second chamber 18.
  • the end part of the second chamber 18 is a discharging opening 20 which is shaped like a throat.
  • liquid or gaseous fuel is introduced into the first chamber 16 from the supply tube 17.
  • the fuel is pressurized with nitrogen gas or the like or by a compressor and sprayed into the first chamber 16.
  • Said gaseous or sprayed liquid fuel is then electrically converted into plasma by a plasma arc created by the voltage between the cathode 11 and the anode 12, becoming a fuel gas plasma.
  • the fuel gas plasma is then mixed with the oxygen or compressed air fed through the supply tubes (19).
  • the mixing proportion depends on the kind of fuel to be used. It is possible to form a plasma flame in an oxidized atmosphere or a deoxidized atmosphere by controlling the supply of oxygen or compressed air.
  • the method and apparatus of the present invention is capable of generating a plasma flame jet of, in theory, 2.500 - 5.000 ° C, 400 - 4.000 m/sec.
  • a nozzle (not shown) is to be installed at the discharging opening 20 and a coating material is fed through the nozzle into the plasma flame jet.
  • the apparatus shown in Fig. 2 is primarily the same as the one in Fig. 1, however, the second chamber 18 is constituted as an anode 12 which is made of conductive material. In this case, both electrical conversion and combustion are performed in the second chamber 18 generating an even higher temperature plasma flame jet.
  • the apparatus shown in Fig. 3 is the one applied to a transfer arc. As this type of apparatus is mainly used for cutting or welding metals, it is possible to utilize only the fuel gas plasma.
  • one of the supply tubes 19 for supplying oxygen or compressed air is connected with the passage part 10 between the first chamber 16 and the second chamber 18 and the other is connected with the second chamber 18.
  • an apparatus with only one of the supply tubes may be utilized.
  • the apparatus shown in Fig. 4 possesses the function to form fuel plasma and combust it at the same time.
  • the apparatus has a fuel supply tube 17 and oxygen or compressed air supply tubes 19 aligned which are connected with the same chamber 22.
  • the apparatus shown in Fig. 5 directly discharges a fuel gas plasma formed by electrical convertion of liquid or gaseous fuel and supply nozzles 23 to supply oxygen or compressed air into the fuel gas plasma are installed at the discharging opening 20.
  • the supply nozzles 23 may be plurality of supply nozzles installed around the discharging opening 20 as shown in Fig. 6 or a circular supply piece around the discharing opening 20 as shown in Fig. 7.
  • the apparatus shown in Fig. 5 is the one to burn a fuel gas plasma in the air and therefore does not posses a combustion chamber like the apparatus of Figs. 1 - 4.
  • the velocity of the plasma flame jet generated in the apparatus in Fig. 5 is not as great as that of the apparatus in Figs. 1 - 4, however, it can still provide a faster plasma flame jet than a conventional one.
  • the apparatus shown in the above-mentioned figures have a liquid or gaseous supply tube 17 into the first chamber, however, it is also possible to install another tube into the second chamber in order to assist combustion.
  • the apparatus of the present invention include not only the apparatus described above but also any combination of compositions of such apparatus.
  • the methods and apparatus of the present invention effectively provide an ultra-high velocity and temperature plasma jet by directly converting fuel gas into a plasma-forming gas.
  • the method of the present invention includes both the repeating and the concurrent processes of the following of electrical conversion into plasma and combustion: electrically converting liquid or gaseous fuel into plasma, forming a fuel gas plasma; mixing oxygen or compressed air into the fuel gas plasma; combusting the mixture; and electrically converting the combusted mixture.
  • gaseous fuel into plasma is performed by reducing said gaseous fuel into molecules and ionizating them.
  • liquid fuel the liquid fuel is first converted into gaseous fuel and then electrically converted into plasma by reducing said gaseous fuel into molecules and ionizating them.
  • the conversion of said liquid fuel into gaseous fuel is assisted by the heat generated in the process of the electrical conversion.
  • Gaseous fuel to be used for the present invention may be acetylen, propane, propylene, butane, natural gas, coal gas, or the like.
  • Liquid fuel to be used may be gasoline, kerosene, gas oil, alcohol, oils and fats, or the like.
  • acetylene is capable of forming a plasma flame in a deoxidating atmosphere as it completely burns at a high temperature, and propylene is easier to handle than other hydrocarbonic types of gaseous fuel as it produces a higher steam pressure. It is also economical to utilize propane or natal gas as they are inexpensive.
  • An apparatus of the present invention comprises:
  • the methods and apparatus of the present invention also provides various temperatures and velocities plasma by combining electrical and thermal energies.
  • the methods and apparatus of the present invention can be utilized in thermo-treatment, coating, cutting, welding and dehydrating, pulverizing and reducing metals, ceramics or the like, and as a plasma furnace or the like.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Plasma Technology (AREA)
EP90117441A 1990-09-11 1990-09-11 Méthode et dispositif pour générer un jet de flammes de plasma Withdrawn EP0474899A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP90117441A EP0474899A1 (fr) 1990-09-11 1990-09-11 Méthode et dispositif pour générer un jet de flammes de plasma

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP90117441A EP0474899A1 (fr) 1990-09-11 1990-09-11 Méthode et dispositif pour générer un jet de flammes de plasma

Publications (1)

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EP0474899A1 true EP0474899A1 (fr) 1992-03-18

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EP90117441A Withdrawn EP0474899A1 (fr) 1990-09-11 1990-09-11 Méthode et dispositif pour générer un jet de flammes de plasma

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Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1996012390A1 (fr) * 1994-10-14 1996-04-25 The University Of British Columbia Structure d'electrodes d'un chalumeau a plasma
DE19825555A1 (de) * 1998-06-08 1999-12-09 Plasma Scorpion Schneiden Und Lichtbogen-Plasmagenerator
DE19963904A1 (de) * 1999-12-31 2001-08-16 Gtv Ges Fuer Thermischen Versc Plasmabrenner und Verfahren zur Erzeugung eines Plasmastrahls
NL1023491C2 (nl) * 2003-05-21 2004-11-24 Otb Groep B V Cascadebron.
DE19900128B4 (de) * 1998-12-21 2012-01-26 Sulzer Metco Ag Düse sowie Düsenanordnung für einen Brennerkopf eines Plasmaspritzgeräts
CN106937470A (zh) * 2017-04-28 2017-07-07 成都高鑫焊割科技有限公司 基于等离子弧的加热方法、加热装置及应用
CN108253422A (zh) * 2018-03-20 2018-07-06 苏州协科环境技术有限公司 一种等离子体垃圾焚烧炉及其焚烧系统
EP3393215A1 (fr) * 2017-04-20 2018-10-24 Andrey Senokosov Traitement de surface par plasmatron à arc électrique

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3684911A (en) * 1970-08-25 1972-08-15 Giancarlo Perugini Plasma-jet generator for versatile applications
US4078097A (en) * 1976-07-09 1978-03-07 International Prototypes, Inc. Metallic coating process
EP0203556A2 (fr) * 1985-05-31 1986-12-03 Stoody Deloro Stellite, Inc. Méthode de pulvérisation par flamme
US4694990A (en) * 1984-09-07 1987-09-22 Karlsson Axel T Thermal spray apparatus for coating a substrate with molten fluent material
US4762977A (en) * 1987-04-15 1988-08-09 Browning James A Double arc prevention for a transferred-arc flame spray system

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3684911A (en) * 1970-08-25 1972-08-15 Giancarlo Perugini Plasma-jet generator for versatile applications
US4078097A (en) * 1976-07-09 1978-03-07 International Prototypes, Inc. Metallic coating process
US4694990A (en) * 1984-09-07 1987-09-22 Karlsson Axel T Thermal spray apparatus for coating a substrate with molten fluent material
EP0203556A2 (fr) * 1985-05-31 1986-12-03 Stoody Deloro Stellite, Inc. Méthode de pulvérisation par flamme
US4762977A (en) * 1987-04-15 1988-08-09 Browning James A Double arc prevention for a transferred-arc flame spray system

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1996012390A1 (fr) * 1994-10-14 1996-04-25 The University Of British Columbia Structure d'electrodes d'un chalumeau a plasma
DE19825555A1 (de) * 1998-06-08 1999-12-09 Plasma Scorpion Schneiden Und Lichtbogen-Plasmagenerator
DE19900128B4 (de) * 1998-12-21 2012-01-26 Sulzer Metco Ag Düse sowie Düsenanordnung für einen Brennerkopf eines Plasmaspritzgeräts
DE19963904A1 (de) * 1999-12-31 2001-08-16 Gtv Ges Fuer Thermischen Versc Plasmabrenner und Verfahren zur Erzeugung eines Plasmastrahls
DE19963904C2 (de) * 1999-12-31 2001-12-06 Gtv Ges Fuer Thermischen Versc Plasmabrenner und Verfahren zur Erzeugung eines Plasmastrahls
US7872207B2 (en) 2003-05-21 2011-01-18 Otb Solar B.V. Cascade source and a method for controlling the cascade source
WO2004105450A1 (fr) * 2003-05-21 2004-12-02 Otb Group B.V. Source en cascade et procede de controle de la source
NL1023491C2 (nl) * 2003-05-21 2004-11-24 Otb Groep B V Cascadebron.
US8183495B2 (en) 2003-05-21 2012-05-22 Otb Solar B.V. Cascade source and a method for controlling the cascade source
CN101674703B (zh) * 2003-05-21 2012-12-05 Otb太阳有限公司 级联源以及用于控制级联源的方法
EP3393215A1 (fr) * 2017-04-20 2018-10-24 Andrey Senokosov Traitement de surface par plasmatron à arc électrique
CN106937470A (zh) * 2017-04-28 2017-07-07 成都高鑫焊割科技有限公司 基于等离子弧的加热方法、加热装置及应用
CN106937470B (zh) * 2017-04-28 2023-12-22 成都高鑫焊割科技有限公司 基于等离子弧的加热方法、加热装置及应用
CN108253422A (zh) * 2018-03-20 2018-07-06 苏州协科环境技术有限公司 一种等离子体垃圾焚烧炉及其焚烧系统
CN108253422B (zh) * 2018-03-20 2023-10-13 苏州新耀环保科技有限公司 一种等离子体垃圾焚烧炉

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