EP1106826B9 - Flow rate control with a positive displacement liquid pump - Google Patents

Flow rate control with a positive displacement liquid pump Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1106826B9
EP1106826B9 EP00126636A EP00126636A EP1106826B9 EP 1106826 B9 EP1106826 B9 EP 1106826B9 EP 00126636 A EP00126636 A EP 00126636A EP 00126636 A EP00126636 A EP 00126636A EP 1106826 B9 EP1106826 B9 EP 1106826B9
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
liquid
pressure
delivery chamber
positive displacement
delivery
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP00126636A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1106826B1 (en
EP1106826A2 (en
EP1106826A3 (en
Inventor
Kuniaki Horie
Kiwamu Tsukamoto
Kenji Kamoda
Hirotake Yamagishi
Shinya Uemura
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Ebara Corp
Original Assignee
Ebara Corp
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Publication date
Priority claimed from JP11034399A external-priority patent/JP2000230910A/ja
Application filed by Ebara Corp filed Critical Ebara Corp
Publication of EP1106826A2 publication Critical patent/EP1106826A2/en
Publication of EP1106826A3 publication Critical patent/EP1106826A3/en
Publication of EP1106826B1 publication Critical patent/EP1106826B1/en
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Publication of EP1106826B9 publication Critical patent/EP1106826B9/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B13/00—Pumps specially modified to deliver fixed or variable measured quantities
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B43/00—Machines, pumps, or pumping installations having flexible working members
    • F04B43/02—Machines, pumps, or pumping installations having flexible working members having plate-like flexible members, e.g. diaphragms
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B2205/00—Fluid parameters
    • F04B2205/07—Pressure difference over the pump

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a positive displacement type liquid-delivery apparatus that can be used to deliver a very small amount of liquid at a constant rate to various processing apparatuses such as a chemical vapor deposition apparatus.
  • a metallic oxide film material such as tantalum pentaoxide (Ta 2 O 5 ) having dielectric constant of approximately 20, or barium titanate (BaTiO 3 ) or strontium titanate (SrTiO 3 ) or barium strontium titanate having dielectric constant of approximately 300 is considered to be a promising thin-film material.
  • a gaseous mixture made by mixing one or more gas feed materials of organometallic compounds and an oxygen containing gas is ejected to a substrate heated to a certain temperature.
  • Organometallic gaseous feed material is chosen by the nature of the thin film to be produced.
  • a metallic oxide film comprised by barium strontium titanate is produced by first converting Ba, Sr, Ti or their compounds into their dipivaloylmethane (DPM) compounds, and dissolving these compounds in an organic solvent such as tetrahydrofuran (THF) to produce respective liquid feed materials. After uniformly mixing these liquid feed materials in a required proportion to produce a master liquid feed, such master liquid feed is sent to a vaporizer to produce a gaseous feed for use in the chemical vapor deposition apparatus.
  • DPM dipivaloylmethane
  • THF tetrahydrofuran
  • Such master liquid feed is extremely susceptible to degradation even in a sealed container, and therefore it is undesirable to have such a master liquid feed stagnate inside delivery piping.
  • the master liquid feed is especially susceptible to producing precipitate particles, by being heated or being exposed to air, which tend to produce inferior quality films. Therefore, once the component liquids are mixed into a master liquid feed, it is necessary that the master liquid feed be maintained in a stable condition. It is also desirable that the master liquid feed be completely used up as quickly as practicable.
  • the film deposition apparatus be capable of exercising a fine control of the flow rate of the master liquid feed over a wide range of flow rates from a very small flow rate to a large flow rate. Therefore, the liquid-delivering apparatus should be capable of providing a stringent control of the flow rates of the liquid feed.
  • a mass flow controller MFC
  • a processing apparatus such as a vaporizer
  • the feed liquid tank is pressurized with gas or the like to deliver liquid and a control valve on the MFC is adjusted to control a delivery rate of liquid.
  • Positive displacement pumps incorporating pistons, diaphragms, and the like are also used.
  • a positive displacement pump in which a container is partitioned by a diaphragm into two chambers, i.e., a liquid delivery chamber and a working fluid chamber, and an incompressible liquid is used as a working fluid.
  • the diaphragm moves according to the amount of the working fluid supplied to the working fluid chamber for thereby discharging liquid from the container. Therefore, the precision in controlling the flow rate is more or less dependent on the precision of the external driving system.
  • an external device is required for pumping the working fluid, and hence troublesome handling of the working fluid is necessary and the overall apparatus becomes large-sized.
  • a driving device for driving the diaphragm is constructed mechanically, then these problems are eliminated and the overall apparatus becomes simple.
  • Installing a flow meter in the secondary side of the container for performing feedback control it is not possible to obtain a better performance than that of the mass flow controller, because a precision and reproducibility of the flow meter is the same level as the mass flow controller.
  • the pressure in the secondary side of the positive displacement pump slowly decreases due to a small leak in the check valve provided in the primary side (upstream side) of the processing apparatus (the part to which liquid is supplied) . This may lead to a pressure drop when the liquid-delivery resumes, requiring time to stabilize the flow rate of liquid and potentially causing other problems.
  • the pressure in the processing apparatus is below atmospheric pressure, the liquid feed may be vaporized because the pressure in the primary side of the check valve drops below the vapor pressure of the liquid feed.
  • EP-A-0 860 608 discloses a diaphragm pump based liquid transport apparatus that can operate without having an object liquid directly contacting sliding sections, so that it can prevent particle contamination of the object liquid to assure delivery of a clean liquid feed to a subsequent processing station.
  • the apparatus comprises a fixed wall having a liquid flow hole; a deformable wall for defining an object liquid space with a variable volume in conjunction with the fixed wall; and a driver device for generating a controlled movement of the deformable wall.
  • EP-A-0 529 334 discloses a liquid delivery and vaporization system including an automated valve and positive displacement pumping system using a pair of pumps operating in opposition to one another to provide continuous and constant volumetric flow at a constant predetermined pressure to a vaporizer using a stack of heated disks to flash vaporize the liquid.
  • the valves are improved by providing one way flow.
  • WO 99 23494 A discloses a dosage monitoring device for a diaphragm pump using the electrical conductivity of the liquid thus pumped.
  • Two sensors are arranged at a distance to each other along a measuring section which is cross-flown by liquid and are immersed in said liquid.
  • the device enables the flow rate to be monitored for electrically conductive liquids.
  • the measuring means are also independent from the fitting position.
  • a non-return valve is provided with an electrically non-conductive locking element which is arranged between the sensors.
  • the diaphragm pump and the sensors are fitted with a common electronic evaluation system.
  • a positive displacement type liquid-delivery apparatus employing a positive displacement pump with a flexible diaphragm which can supply liquid at a constant rate with high precision and high reproducibility, shorten the time required to stabilize the liquid-delivery from starting of pumping operation, and control the flow rate of liquid immediately after the pumping operation begins.
  • a positive displacement liquid-delivery apparatus as set forth in claim 1.
  • the construction of the apparatus is simplified because the diaphragm is driven directly by the diaphragm driving unit . Further, by keeping the differential pressure between both sides of the diaphragm at a constant value, it is possible to keep the diaphragm at a constant amount of deformation, thus eliminating error caused by the diaphragm deformation. Hence, the diaphragm driving unit can control the amount of deformation in the diaphragm to perform precise flow rate control.
  • the differential pressure control unit comprises a differential pressure sensor and a control valve, as set forth in claim 4.
  • the differential pressure of the diaphragm is controlled so as to be constant, thus causing the flow rate of liquid to be controlled indirectly.
  • a predetermined amount of liquid is not exactly delivered at the secondary side of the diaphragm in accordance with the moving distance of the diaphragm.
  • the differential pressure of the both sides of the diaphragm varies, the amount of deformation of the diaphragm varies in accordance with the differential pressure, and hence the delivery amount of liquid is deviated from the predetermined amount of liquid. Therefore, it is necessary to control the differential pressure of the diaphragm at a constant value.
  • the amount of delivery liquid corresponds to the amount of deformation of the diaphragm at the differential pressure. Since the amount of delivery liquid is estimated from the relationship between the position of the diaphragm and the differential pressure, a predetermined amount of delivery liquid can be exactly obtained.
  • a flow sensor is disposed on a discharge path, as set forth in claim 5.
  • the liquid-delivery chamber is arranged so as to achieve the required discharge flow volume of the fluid in one stroke.
  • the bellows operation is always stable and uniform for each process, thereby avoiding pressure and flow rate variations, for example, that occur when switching valves in alternate operations. Performing one pump operation using only a portion of one stroke can further increase the life of the bellows.
  • the required discharge flow volume of the fluid is such volume that a predetermined film is formed on one substrate (semiconductor wafer) in one stroke, or more than such volume.
  • a gas is employed to pressurize the working space on the opposite side of the diaphragm from the liquid-delivery chamber.
  • the diaphragm itself has an allowable differential pressure between the both sides of the bellows.
  • this differential pressure is small or the pressure required in the processing apparatus on the secondary side of the pump is larger than the allowable differential pressure, liquid-delivery cannot be performed if the pressure on the side of the diaphragm opposite from the liquid-delivery is atmospheric pressure.
  • the gas pressure P Since the differential pressure of the diaphragm must be maintained at a constant value as described above in order to supply the fluid at a constant flow rate, the gas pressure P must also be constant.
  • the volume v on the side of the diaphragm opposite the liquid-delivery chamber varies during pumping operations. Accordingly, the side of the diaphragm opposite the liquid-delivery chamber should be supplied with an amount of gas based on the liquid-delivery amount ⁇ v, that is, ⁇ V ⁇ P.
  • the method of controlling the differential pressure both sides of the diaphragm can be applied for using the pressure of the gas and the liquid, and controlling the pressure on the gas side.
  • the injection and discharge of gas requires some time, resulting in control delays when pressure variations occur abruptly.
  • variations in the differential pressure may occur more frequently, making it difficult to maintain a prescribed amount of liquid Still, this method may be suitable for processes that have no severe pressure variations.
  • breakage in the diaphragm can be detected by providing a relief discharge port, for example, on the gas side of the diaphragm and a relief sensor in the relief discharge port or on the secondary side. Further, it is possible to prevent gas from mixing with the pump side by always keeping the gas side at a lower pressure than the pump side. Hence, this can avoid the problem of pumping liquid that mixes with driving liquid when the diaphragm breaks. Such problem is common to conventional apparatus with fluid-driven diaphragms.
  • a plurality of positive displacement pumps is arranged in parallel and delivering different kinds of fluid to a single processing unit.
  • two positive displacement pumps are delivering the same kind of fluid, and alternately delivering the fluid to a single processing unit in a continuous manner.
  • a housing having a liquid-delivery chamber is divided by a flexible diaphragm and a diaphragm driving unit linked to said diaphragm to discharge fluid from said liquid-delivery chamber; and said diaphragm driving unit drives said diaphragm to maintain the flow rate of said liquid discharged from said liquid-delivery chamber at a constant rate based on the variation of the differential pressure between both sides of the diaphragm.
  • a positive displacement liquid-delivery apparatus comprising: a positive displacement pump comprising a housing having a liquid-delivery chamber divided by a flexible diaphragm and a diaphragm driving unit linked to the diaphragm to discharge fluid from the liquid-delivery chamber; and an discharge path extending from the liquid-delivery chamber; a check valve disposed on the discharge path; and a pressure control unit for controlling the primary side pressure of the check valve so as not to drop below the vapor pressure of the fluid discharged from the liquid-delivery chamber during stoppage of the pumping process.
  • the pressure control unit comprises a control valve disposed upstream of the check valve, and regulates the pressure in the liquid-delivery chamber during pump stoppage at the pressure required for pumping operation.
  • the pressure control unit comprises a control valve disposed upstream of the check valve, and regulates the pressure in the liquid-delivery chamber during pump stoppage at the pressure higher than the pressure required for pumping operation by an amount equivalent to the estimated amount caused by the volume expansion of the piping between the check valve and control valve.
  • this section of pipe is a flexible pipe with low rigidity and there is volume expansion in the pipe when the pressure rises at the beginning of the pumping process, it is possible to set the pressure in the secondary side of the check valve to the normal pressure for pumping immediately after pumping begins in order to pump a prescribed flow rate without any time lag.
  • a deposition apparatus comprising: a vaporizer for vaporizing a fluid feed supplied from the positive displacement liquid-delivery apparatus; and a deposition chamber in which thin films are deposited using the feed gas supplied from the vaporizer.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 show a positive displacement liquid-delivery apparatus according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • a liquid feed tank 12 accommodates a liquid 14, such as a liquid feed.
  • a positive displacement pump 10 supplies the liquid 14 from the feed liquid tank 12 to a processing apparatus 16 at a prescribed amount.
  • the processing apparatus 16 is a vaporizer that supplies deposition gas via a gas supply line 86 to a CVD reaction chamber 80.
  • a gas injection head 82 in the reaction chamber 80 ejects the supplied deposition gas toward a semiconductor wafer W mounted on a base 84.
  • the positive displacement liquid-delivery apparatus shown in FIG. 1 also includes an exhaust pump 88 and a vent line 90 for venting the deposition gas.
  • the positive displacement pump 10 includes a housing 22 that is approximately cylindrical in shape. One end of the housing 22 is connected to an inlet pipe 18 extending from the feed liquid tank 12, while the other end is connected to an outlet pipe 20 connected to the processing apparatus 16. An opening is formed in the center of the bottom plate of the housing 22. A bellows 24 (diaphragm) is attached to the inner edge of this opening, and extends inwardly and concentrically with the housing 22. The other end of the bellows 24 is hermetically closed by a retaining plate 26. This construction of the housing 22 and bellows 24 forms a liquid-delivery chamber 28 capable of retaining liquid hermetically and varying its capacity. A working space 30 which is open to the air is also formed in the inner side of the bellows 24.
  • a diaphragm driving device 36 is provided in the working space 30.
  • the diaphragm driving device 36 includes a drive unit 32 having a drive source such as a motor (not shown), and a rod 34 that moves up and down by actuation of the drive unit 32.
  • the retaining plate 26 is connected to the top end of the rod 34.
  • the drive unit 32 is provided with a conversion mechanism (not shown) for converting rotational movement by the drive source into linear movement with a feed screw mechanism or the like.
  • the bellows 24 extends and retracts in the axial direction, thereby changing the capacity of the liquid-delivery chamber 28 to supply a predetermined amount of liquid 14 to the processing apparatus 16.
  • a pressure gauge 38 is provided on the housing 22 for measuring the pressure inside the liquid-delivery chamber 28.
  • a control valve 40 capable of controlling its opening degree is provided in the outlet pipe 20.
  • a signal from the pressure gauge 38 is inputted into the control valve 40.
  • the opening degree of the control valve 40 is adjusted based on the signal from the pressure gauge 38 to maintain the pressure P in the liquid-delivery chamber 28 at a constant value that is slightly higher than the pressure P 0 in the working space 30 (atmospheric pressure in this example).
  • the control valve 40 and the pressure gauge 38 constitute a differential pressure control unit 42.
  • a flow meter 44 is also provided at the upstream side of the control valve 40 in the outlet pipe 20 for measuring the flow rate of liquid flowing in the outlet pipe 20.
  • a signal from the flow meter 44 is also inputted into the control valve 40.
  • the flow meter 44 and the control valve 40 constitute a flow control unit 46 for controlling the flow rate of liquid supplied to the processing apparatus 16 through the outlet pipe 20.
  • the positive displacement liquid-delivery apparatus can switch selectively between control by the differential pressure control unit 42 and control by the flow control unit 46.
  • control by the differential pressure control unit 42 is in operation, the control valve 40 is controlled on the basis of signal from the pressure gauge 38 to maintain the differential pressure at a constant value as described above (normal mode). With this control, the discharge flow rate can be accurately and stably maintained.
  • the discharge flow rate can be expressed by a function dependent only on the stroke of the diaphragm driving device 36. If a certain flow rate of liquid is being required, then changes in the stroke can be controlled so as to correspond to such flow rate.
  • the solid lines describing the bellows 24 in FIG. 2 represent the bellows 24 in a state of equilibrium. If the pressure P in the liquid-delivery chamber 28 increases, and thus the differential pressure ⁇ P increases, then the bellows 24 may deform as shown by the chain double-dashed lines in FIG. 2 . Hence, even if the position of the retaining plate 26 does not change, the change in the differential pressure ⁇ P will cause the capacity of the liquid-delivery chamber 28 to change.
  • the differential pressure ⁇ P By maintaining the differential pressure ⁇ P at a constant value while operating the bellows 24, it is possible to achieve a stable flow rate control, because variations or pulsations in the flow caused by random deformation of the bellows 24 are suppressed. Accordingly, the position of the retaining plate 26 will correspond to the capacity of the liquid-delivery chamber 28 on a one-on-one basis. Therefore, it is possible to accurately control the discharge flow rate, which is dependent only on the stroke of the diaphragm driving device 36.
  • FIG. 3 shows a positive displacement liquid-delivery apparatus according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • the structure of the positive displacement liquid-delivery apparatus of the second embodiment differs from that of the first embodiment in that the differential pressure control unit 42 in the first embodiment is replaced with a driving device control unit 50 that receives a signal from the pressure gauge 38 to control the movement of the diaphragm driving device 36.
  • the relationship between the pressure in the liquid-delivery chamber 28 and the amount of deformation of the bellows 24 is known in advance.
  • the driving device control unit 50 moves the diaphragm driving device 36 to cancel deformation in the bellows 24 caused by pressure changes in the liquid-delivery chamber 28, thereby keeping a flow rate of liquid at a constant value.
  • the actual discharge flow rate Q discharged from the liquid-delivery chamber 28 can be defined by the following equation, where q is a set flow rate and V is the amount of deformation in the bellows 24 caused by the pressure P in the liquid-delivery chamber 28.
  • Q q + dV / dt
  • dV / dt ( dV / dP ) ⁇ ( dP / dt )
  • Q q + ( dV / dP ) ⁇ ( dP / dt )
  • V aP b + d
  • dV / dP abP b - 1
  • FIGS. 5 and 6 show a positive displacement liquid-delivery apparatus according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
  • a positive displacement pump 10a has a closed system, wherein the working space 30 is not open to the atmosphere. That is, the bottom of the housing 22 is closed by a bottom plate 52.
  • the bottom plate 52 has a through-hole 54 through which the rod 34 is inserted, an intake port 56 through which N 2 gas or another pressure regulating gas is introduced, and an exhaust port 58 for exhausting such gas in minute amounts.
  • the bottom plate 52 is also provided with a leak fluid tube 62 for discharging liquid that has leaked into the working space 30 and introducing the discharged liquid into a leak sensor 60.
  • a seal mechanism 64 is provided in the through-hole 54 to seal the rod 34 hermetically.
  • the intake port 56 is connected to a pressure regulating gas source (not shown) by an intake tube 66.
  • a pressure sensor 68 for detecting the pressure in the intake tube 66 (equivalent to the pressure in the working space) and a pressure control valve 70 for controlling the pressure in the intake tube 66 based on an output signal from the pressure sensor 68 are provided in the intake tube 66.
  • a regulating valve 74 is provided in a line connected to the exhaust port 58 for adjusting a very small amount of exhaust.
  • the pressure sensor 68 and the pressure control valve 70 constitute a second differential pressure control unit 72.
  • the flow rate from the pressure control valve 70 is defined as Q
  • the amount of gas supplied from the pressure control valve 70 when the bellows 24 is stopped is defined as Q 1
  • the amount of gas discharged from the regulating valve 74 is defined as Q 2 .
  • ⁇ v indicates the change in capacity caused by driving the bellows
  • FIG. 7 shows a positive displacement type liquid-delivery apparatus.
  • This apparatus includes a positive displacement pump 10 having the same construction as that in the first embodiment, a check valve 100 provided in the outlet pipe 20 that extends from the positive displacement pump 10, and a delivery-liquid pressure sensor 102 for detecting the pressure in the primary side of the check valve 100.
  • the apparatus further includes a liquid-delivery chamber pressure sensor 104 for detecting the pressure in the liquid-delivery chamber 28, a control valve 106 disposed upstream of the check valve 100, and a pressure control unit 108 that receives signals from the delivery-liquid pressure sensor 102 and the liquid-delivery chamber pressure sensor 104 and controls the control valve 106 and the drive unit 32 based on these signals. Therefore, the positive displacement type liquid-delivery apparatus of Fig 7 individually controls the pressure in the primary side of the check valve 100 and the pressure in the liquid-delivery chamber 28.
  • the pressure in the primary side of the check valve 100 i.e., the pressure of liquid contained in a pipe 110 connecting the check valve 100 and the control valve 106 is controlled to be less than the cracking pressure of the check valve 100, and also controlled to be higher than the vapor pressure of the liquid.
  • the pressure in the liquid-delivery chamber 28 is controlled to be at the pressure required for normal pumping operations (hereinafter referred to as operating pressure).
  • the pressure in the primary side of the check valve 100 is approximately 1.5 kg/cm 2 ( ⁇ 147 kPa) when, for example, the cracking pressure is 2 kg/cm 2 ( ⁇ 196 kPa) and the vapor pressure of the liquid therein is 0.5 kg/cm 2 ( ⁇ 49 kPa).
  • the pressure in the liquid-delivery chamber 28 is approximately 2.5 kg/cm 2 ( ⁇ 245 kPa), for example, which is the same as the operating pressure.
  • This method includes the step of driving the drive unit 32 to lower the pressure in the liquid-delivery chamber 28 to the initial pressure in the primary side of the check valve 100, which is 1.5 kg/cm 2 ⁇ 147 kPa) in one example (step 1), and the step of opening the control valve 106 (step 2).
  • step 1 the drive unit 32 is driven to set the pressure in the primary side of the check valve 100 equivalent to its initial pressure (step 3), and the control valve 106 is closed (step 4).
  • the drive unit 32 is driven to raise the pressure in the liquid-delivery chamber 28 to its initial pressure of 2.5 kg/cm 2 ( ⁇ 245 kPa) (step 5).
  • the flow rate of liquid is allowed to be proportional to time when the flow rate is increasing, whereby a set time t s for the flow rate to reach a set flow rate Q s is established and the flow rate can be strictly controlled in the set time t s .
  • the pipe 110 connecting the check valve 100 and the control valve 106 is sufficiently short and constructed of a highly rigid material so that there is almost no volume expansion in the pipe 110 even when the pressure therein rises to the same pressure as that in the liquid-delivery chamber 28. Therefore, the pressure in the secondary side of the check valve 100 can be maintained at the operating pressure in order to achieve the required flow rate immediately after the pumping operation begins.
  • a flexible tube or the like is used for the pipe 110, volume expansion may occur in the pipe 110 when the pressure therein rises to the same pressure as that in the liquid-delivery chamber 28.
  • the pressure in the secondary side of the check valve 100 can be set to the operating pressure immediately after the pumping operation begins by setting the pressure in the liquid-delivery chamber 28 to the pressure (P + ⁇ ), slightly higher than the pressure P during pumping operations, where the pressure ⁇ is equivalent to the estimated amount caused by volume expansion in the pipe 110.
  • FIG. 9 shows a positive displacement liquid-delivery apparatus.
  • This apparatus comprises a plurality of positive displacement pumps 10 with a similar construction as that in the first embodiment. These positive displacement pumps 10 are arranged in parallel and each of the pumps 10 is capable of delivering liquid of a different type simultaneously to the processing apparatus 16.
  • the positive displacement liquid-delivery apparatus includes a plurality of feed lines 112a-112d, wherein each feed line is connected to a positive displacement pump 10 for delivery liquid feed A, B, C and D. These feed lines 112a-112d are joined together in the secondary side of the check valve 100, and then connected to the processing apparatus 16.
  • the positive displacement liquid-delivery apparatus controls the pressure in the feed lines 112a-112d in the primary side of the check valve 100 so as not to drop below the vapor pressure of each of the liquid feeds flowing through the respective feed lines 112a-112d.
  • the apparatus also controls the pressure in the liquid-delivery chamber 28 of each of the positive displacement pumps 10 at the operating pressure or a pressure higher than the operating pressure by an amount ⁇ determined by estimating the volume expansion in the pipes.
  • FIG. 11 shows a positive displacement liquid-delivery apparatus.
  • This apparatus comprises two positive displacement pumps 10 with a similar construction as that in the first embodiment.
  • the two positive displacement pumps 10 are arranged in parallel and driven to alternately pump the same type of liquid to the processing apparatus 16.
  • the outlet pipes 20 extending from the respective positive displacement pumps 10 and having respective control valves 106 join together in the primary side of the check valve 100, and the secondary side of the check valve 100 is connected to the processing apparatus 16.
  • liquid-delivery chamber A and control valve A are referred to as liquid-delivery chamber A and control valve A, respectively, while those positioned on the left side of the diagram will be referred to as liquid-delivery chamber B and control valve B, respectively.
  • control valves A and B are both closed, the drive unit 32 of each of the positive displacement pumps 10 is driven to bring the pressure in the chambers A and B to the operating pressure (time 0-t 1 ) .
  • the control valve A is opened to discharge liquid from the liquid-delivery chamber A (time t 2 ) .
  • the discharge flow rate from the liquid-delivery chamber A is gradually decreased, while at the same time the control valve B is opened to allow liquid to be discharged from the liquid-delivery chamber B.
  • the control valve A is closed (time t 3 -t 4 ).
  • the flow rate from the pump that began pumping operation is gradually increased, while the flow rate from the pump that is stopping pumping operation is gradually decreased at the same rate such that the overall flow rate does not change.
  • the liquid-delivery chamber A is pressurized to raise its pressure back to the operating pressure (time t 7 -t 8 ).
  • the discharge flow rate of liquid discharged from the liquid-delivery chamber B is gradually decreased, while simultaneously the control valve A is opened to begin discharging of liquid from the liquid-delivery chamber A.
  • the control valve B is closed (time t 9 -t 10 ) and this procedure is repeated.
  • the flow rate from the positive displacement pump 10 that starts pumping operation is gradually increased, while the flow rate from the pump that is stopping pumping operation is gradually decreased at the same rate such that the overall flow rate does not change.
  • a pipe 114 connecting the check valve 100 and control valve 106 is sufficiently short and constructed of a highly rigid material so that there is almost no volume expansion in the pipe 114 when the pressure therein rises to the same pressure as that in the liquid-delivery chamber 28. Therefore, the pressure in the secondary side of the check valve 100 can be maintained at the operating pressure in order to achieve the required flow rate immediately after pumping operation begins.
  • a flexible tube or the like is used for the pipe 114, volume expansion may occur in the pipe 114 when the pressure therein rises to the same pressure as that in the liquid-delivery chamber 28.
  • the pressure in the secondary side of the check valve 100 can be raised to the operating pressure immediately after pumping operation begins by setting the pressure in the liquid-delivery chamber 28 to the pressure (P + ⁇ ), slightly higher than the pressure P during pumping operations, where the pressure ⁇ is equivalent to the estimated amount caused by volume expansion in the pipe 114,
  • the differential pressure between the inner and outer sides of the diaphragm is controlled at a constant value while the diaphragm is displaced, hence it is possible to provide a compact apparatus capable of delivering liquid with great precision.
  • This type of apparatus is very useful in manufacturing processes for semiconductor elements.
  • the pressure in the primary side of the check valve is controlled so as not to fall below the vapor pressure of the liquid therein when the pumping operations are stopped. Furthermore, the pressure in the liquid-delivery chamber is maintained at the operating pressure or at a higher pressure. Accordingly, the time required to stabilize pumping operations can be shortened, and it is possible to control the flow rate of liquid immediately after pumping operations begin.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Reciprocating Pumps (AREA)
  • Formation Of Insulating Films (AREA)
  • Control Of Positive-Displacement Pumps (AREA)
EP00126636A 1999-02-12 2000-12-04 Flow rate control with a positive displacement liquid pump Expired - Lifetime EP1106826B9 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP11034399A JP2000230910A (ja) 1999-02-12 1999-02-12 基板の付着異物検査装置および付着異物除去装置および付着異物除去方法
JP343399 1999-12-02
JP2000217926 2000-07-18
JP2000217926A JP3844418B2 (ja) 1999-02-12 2000-07-18 容積式送液装置

Publications (4)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1106826A2 EP1106826A2 (en) 2001-06-13
EP1106826A3 EP1106826A3 (en) 2003-05-02
EP1106826B1 EP1106826B1 (en) 2008-05-07
EP1106826B9 true EP1106826B9 (en) 2008-12-24

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EP00126636A Expired - Lifetime EP1106826B9 (en) 1999-02-12 2000-12-04 Flow rate control with a positive displacement liquid pump

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EP (1) EP1106826B9 (ja)
JP (1) JP3844418B2 (ja)
KR (1) KR100710914B1 (ja)
DE (1) DE60038775D1 (ja)
TW (1) TW500822B (ja)

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EP1106826B1 (en) 2008-05-07
KR20010062048A (ko) 2001-07-07
KR100710914B1 (ko) 2007-04-27
TW500822B (en) 2002-09-01
JP3844418B2 (ja) 2006-11-15
EP1106826A2 (en) 2001-06-13
EP1106826A3 (en) 2003-05-02
JP2001221163A (ja) 2001-08-17

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