EP1102028A2 - Dispositif de camouflage infrarouge - Google Patents

Dispositif de camouflage infrarouge Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1102028A2
EP1102028A2 EP00118573A EP00118573A EP1102028A2 EP 1102028 A2 EP1102028 A2 EP 1102028A2 EP 00118573 A EP00118573 A EP 00118573A EP 00118573 A EP00118573 A EP 00118573A EP 1102028 A2 EP1102028 A2 EP 1102028A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
infrared
camouflage
emissivity
infrared camouflage
thermorefractive
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP00118573A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1102028A3 (fr
Inventor
Andreas Leupolz
Werner Dr. Scherber
Walter Dr. Rothmund
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
OGUS Netze und Wirkwaren GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Dornier GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Dornier GmbH filed Critical Dornier GmbH
Publication of EP1102028A2 publication Critical patent/EP1102028A2/fr
Publication of EP1102028A3 publication Critical patent/EP1102028A3/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
    • F41H3/00—Camouflage, i.e. means or methods for concealment or disguise
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10S428/913—Material designed to be responsive to temperature, light, moisture
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10S428/919—Camouflaged article
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/25—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component and including a second component containing structurally defined particles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
    • Y10T428/31678—Of metal

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a camouflage system for infrared (IR) camouflage for land targets.
  • IR infrared
  • she is particularly suitable for camouflaging military objects, especially land vehicles, against thermal imaging devices and infrared search heads.
  • thermal camouflage With thermal camouflage, the aim is to adapt the thermal radiation emitted by the object to be camouflaged to the level of the respective thermal background.
  • attempts are made to influence the temperature of the observable surfaces by means of constructive measures (thermal insulation, insulation, ventilation). This enables improvements in the area of the active signature, ie for internal heat sources (engine, transmission, energy units). These measures do not provide a satisfactory solution with regard to solar heating (passive signature), since the heating behavior of military objects generally differs greatly from that of a natural background.
  • Proposed solutions to compensate for these deviations by active post-heating or cooling, as described, for example, in DE 32 17 977 A1 are not very practical, particularly because of the high energy consumption.
  • EP 0 250 742 A1 describes a device with which the emissivity can be controlled.
  • the heat radiation of an object can thus be set as desired within wide limits by controlling the heat reflection and emission components with very little energy expenditure. This greatly reduces the contrast between the thermal radiation and the background.
  • these surface areas require different embodiments the camouflage.
  • the known low-emitting camouflage means with a fixed and if possible low emissivity can be used because it is independent of the observation point the floor temperatures in front of the object are reflected.
  • the radiation temperature of the soil is generally the same as the rest of the thermal Background identical. By transferring this temperature to that Camouflaging object can therefore have a high contrast reduction with the corresponding Camouflage gain can be achieved.
  • the solution according to the invention provides that on the surface of the camouflage device a material or a layer system is used, the heat emission ⁇ (T) a strong temperature dependency with a negative gradient (d ⁇ / dT), hereinafter referred to as 'thermorefractive' material.
  • the total amount of heat Q emanating from a body is composed of the intrinsic radiation (product of ⁇ and the fourth power of the surface temperature T o ) and the reflected ambient radiation (product of 1- ⁇ and the fourth power of the temperature of the reflected surrounding zone T u , typically the sky here) Q (T) ⁇ ⁇ (T O ). T O 4th + (1 - ⁇ (T O )). T U 4th
  • the temperatures refer to the absolute temperature scale.
  • the lower threshold temperature the transition area is advantageously the mean ambient temperature equated.
  • MNM transition non-metal-to-metal phase transition
  • IR-transparent non-metallic or semiconducting state
  • thermorefractive material is arranged in front of a highly emissive background - there is normal, highly emissive behavior.
  • metallic state IR reflective
  • a material suitable for the invention that shows the described MNM transition is, for example, vanadium oxide (VO 2 ).
  • thermorefractive material is in use a composite medium, a composite consisting of an IR-transparent Matrix, preferably made of polyolefin (e.g. polyethylene) and an embedded one second component.
  • the second component consists of an alternative organic or polymeric material with the best possible IR transparency, but a different temperature curve for the refractive indices. Therefore can preferably liquid, waxy or partially crystalline hydrocarbons are used, but also other substances with low IR absorption in Wavelength range from 8 to 12 ⁇ m.
  • the material pairing of matrix and storage is to be coordinated so that the refractive indices of both substances at ambient temperature are approximately the same, but increasing with increasing temperature differ from each other.
  • Such a system shows the desired negative Temperature effect: At low temperatures, the material is homogeneously IR-transparent and it is - when the thermorefractive material is in front of a highly emissive Background is arranged - normal, high emissive behavior before, higher Temperature is increasingly scattering, leading to increased remission and thus leading to a reduction in emissivity.
  • the inclusions should be significantly larger than that for thermal imaging camouflage relevant infrared wavelength of about 10 microns.
  • a a suitable size for the deposits is in particular the area larger than 20 ⁇ m.
  • VO 2 vanadium oxide
  • the material is semiconducting and therefore IR-transparent.
  • a highly emissive substrate such as anodized aluminum or a plastic film
  • the overall structure has high emissivity.
  • the phase change takes place and the VO 2 layer shows metallic behavior with high IR reflectivity.
  • the phase change takes place at a temperature in the range of approx. 68 ° C.
  • a targeted adjustment of the position of the transition temperature and the width ⁇ T of the transition area is necessary.
  • One possibility for this is the doping of VO 2 with eg tungsten (GV Jorgenson, JC Lee, Solar Energy Mat. 14 (1986) 205-214). 1 shows the temperature-dependent change in the conductivity of a VO 2 layer in comparison with a tungsten-doped VO 2 layer. As you can see, the transition temperature is shifted to lower temperatures. A shift up to ambient temperatures is possible. It has been shown that the transition region can also be broadened by varying the production parameters of the layer. In this way, the emissivity of a layer can be adjusted over a wide range depending on the temperature.
  • Fig. 2 shows an embodiment of the camouflage device according to the invention. It includes a support plate made of anodized aluminum, which has a high emissivity has ( ⁇ 1).
  • the carrier plate is at a distance from the object to be camouflaged assembled and ventilated or otherwise thermal to the object isolated. This decouples the camouflage device from its own temperature of the vehicle, i.e. their own temperature is largely independent from possible heat sources of the object to be camouflaged.
  • the carrier plate is coated with the thermorefractive layer according to the invention.
  • Direct coating of the sheet is also the manufacture of the thermorefractive Layer on a self-adhesive, temperature-resistant plastic film, e.g.
  • the invention cannot only be used for camouflaging essentially horizontal or upward-facing surfaces.
  • the solution according to the invention can advantageously also be used for camouflaging essentially vertical surfaces (this includes surfaces slightly inclined towards the sky - up to approximately 25 ° to the vertical). It should be taken into account that the situation with predominantly vertical surface areas is a mixture of the relationships with horizontal or upward-facing surfaces on the one hand and with surfaces inclined to the ground on the other. Depending on the observation angle, the reflected heat radiation comes mainly from areas near the ground or from the sky.
  • the vertical surface can be broken down into partial surfaces oriented towards the ground and towards the sky, advantageously the largest possible proportion of the radiation reflected on the camouflage device originating from the ground and the smallest possible proportion derived from the sky radiation.
  • the reflection components should remain constant over the largest possible inclination angle range.
  • the partial areas within the same group can have different angles ⁇ and ⁇ .
  • the upward facing areas are coated with a thermorefractive material as described above, while the downward facing areas are coated with a material with low infrared emissivity. Typical values for this are ⁇ 0.5.
  • the larger, downward facing area is the Soil portions reflected, with a layer with the lowest possible emissivity, i.e. maximum IR reflectivity.
  • the smaller, upward facing area reflects the sky and therefore becomes - as in the case shown above horizontal surfaces - equipped with thermorefractive properties, so that sets a lower infrared emissivity on hot surfaces, which leads to a desired reduction in the radiation level of the overall arrangement contributes.
  • the structure sizes of the surface structure are in particular between 12 ⁇ m and 1cm, preferably between 100 ⁇ m and 1mm.
  • the structure sizes are selected so that that they are larger than the wavelength of infrared radiation and smaller than that Wavelength of radar radiation.
  • a suitable size range for this is between 20 ⁇ m and 1 mm. This ensures that the radar reflection cross section is not negatively influenced by multiple reflexes.
  • an IR-transparent cover layer eg a pigmented and matted polyethylene film
  • additional camouflage effects can be achieved according to the principle of spot camouflage, in which a contour outline is also introduced in the infrared. This can be produced very effectively by different thicknesses of the color-providing cover layer on top, so that a spot-like pattern of the infrared signature is superimposed at all temperature states of the system.
  • the (micro) structuring according to the invention can be produced depending on the structure size through various common processes such as embossing, milling, engraving or photolithographic processes take place.
  • An appropriately structured tool can then e.g. for transferring the structure to a - preferably self-adhesive plastic film, e.g. by hot stamping in a calender.
  • a high IR reflection is achieved by metallizing and then IR transparent colored top layer.
  • Another option is one Painting the structure with low-emitting camouflage paint.
  • Plastic films made of IR-transparent materials e.g. polyolefins such as PE, PP
  • Hot stamping to provide the structure and the IR reflector through the back To apply metallization.
  • the structuring also causes Matting necessary to reduce the visual gloss of the plastic film.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
  • Luminescent Compositions (AREA)
EP00118573A 1999-11-19 2000-08-26 Dispositif de camouflage infrarouge Withdrawn EP1102028A3 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19955609 1999-11-19
DE19955609A DE19955609B4 (de) 1999-11-19 1999-11-19 Infrarot-Tarnsystem

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1102028A2 true EP1102028A2 (fr) 2001-05-23
EP1102028A3 EP1102028A3 (fr) 2003-10-01

Family

ID=7929550

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP00118573A Withdrawn EP1102028A3 (fr) 1999-11-19 2000-08-26 Dispositif de camouflage infrarouge

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US6753075B1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1102028A3 (fr)
CA (1) CA2326191A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE19955609B4 (fr)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2009112810A1 (fr) * 2008-03-12 2009-09-17 Qinetiq Limited Dispositif d'identification
WO2013050727A3 (fr) * 2011-10-04 2013-06-13 Qinetiq Limited Film transparent aux infrarouges
WO2015003688A1 (fr) * 2013-07-11 2015-01-15 Krauss-Maffei Wegmann Gmbh & Co. Kg Blindage laser
WO2016189139A1 (fr) * 2015-05-27 2016-12-01 Thyssenkrupp Marine Systems Gmbh Véhicule à milieu porteur fluide à signature réduite

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20070230191A1 (en) * 2004-04-28 2007-10-04 Atsushi Komuro Visible Light Reflector and Electrical/Electronic Device Incorporating the Same
DE102004025647B4 (de) * 2004-05-26 2008-03-27 Eads Deutschland Gmbh Einrichtung zum Tarnen spekular reflektierender Oberflächen
US20090252982A1 (en) * 2008-04-04 2009-10-08 Qinetiq Limited Indentification device
US8017217B1 (en) 2008-05-09 2011-09-13 Hrl Laboratories, Llc Variable emissivity material
CH701372A2 (de) * 2009-06-30 2010-12-31 Ssz Camouflage Technology Ag Adaptive Tarnung.
IL217423A (en) * 2012-01-08 2016-12-29 Eltics Ltd Hidden window
WO2021168017A1 (fr) * 2020-02-18 2021-08-26 The Regents Of The University Of California Plateforme de matériau à émissivité infrarouge flexible et ajustable

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3043381A1 (de) 1980-11-18 1982-06-03 Dornier System Gmbh, 7990 Friedrichshafen "beschichtung"
DE3217977A1 (de) 1982-05-13 1983-11-17 Bundesrepublik Deutschland, vertreten durch den Bundesminister der Verteidigung, dieser vertreten durch den Präsidenten des Bundesamtes für Wehrtechnik und Beschaffung, 5400 Koblenz Vorrichtung zur tarnung von objekten gegen eine aufklaerung durch waermebildgeraete
EP0123660A1 (fr) 1983-03-25 1984-10-31 Diab-Barracuda Ab Camouflage thermique et optique
EP0250742A1 (fr) 1986-04-25 1988-01-07 Dornier Gmbh Feuille transparente pour radar à réflexion infrarouge ajustable, à usage de camouflage

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US4496923A (en) * 1982-09-13 1985-01-29 The Superior Electric Company Electrical device with improved heat dissipation
US4530010A (en) * 1982-09-30 1985-07-16 Ltv Aerospace And Defense Company Dynamic infrared scene projector
US4529633A (en) * 1983-01-14 1985-07-16 Diab-Barracuda Ab Thermal camouflage
US4545641A (en) * 1983-05-10 1985-10-08 Ltv Aerospace And Defense High speed erasing and rebiasing of thermoptic thin films in the medium and long-wave infrared
US4795240A (en) * 1987-08-18 1989-01-03 Hibshman Corporation High speed infrared shutter
WO1989006338A1 (fr) * 1988-01-04 1989-07-13 The Commonwealth Of Australia Mecanisme de regulation de signaux infrarouges
US4991797A (en) * 1989-01-17 1991-02-12 Northrop Corporation Infrared signature reduction of aerodynamic surfaces
US5274241A (en) * 1990-07-19 1993-12-28 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Optical and electromagnetic field
DE4125952C2 (de) * 1991-08-06 1993-10-14 Dornier Gmbh Optischer Leistungsbegrenzer
US5227565A (en) * 1992-06-29 1993-07-13 Sun Company, Inc. (R&M) Dimerization and/or dehydrogenation of alkanes
FR2733311B1 (fr) * 1992-12-15 1998-01-02 Thomson Brandt Armements Dispositif de camouflage auto-adaptatif
JP2600117B2 (ja) * 1994-11-16 1997-04-16 工業技術院長 温度安定型選択放射材料
DE19528094C2 (de) * 1995-08-01 1999-04-15 Dornier Gmbh IR-Modulator und Wärmebildgerät mit diesem
FR2744515B1 (fr) * 1996-02-02 1998-03-13 Hutchinson Ecran de protection thermique pour un corps solide situe dans un milieu ambiant de faible densite
PT912875E (pt) * 1997-02-12 2001-09-28 Schweizerische Eidgenossenschaft Eidgenoessisches Militaer Departement Gruppe Ruestung Estrutura de camuflagem
DE19710692C2 (de) * 1997-03-14 1999-09-09 Dornier Gmbh Multispektrales Tarnelement
JP3221412B2 (ja) * 1997-11-25 2001-10-22 日本電気株式会社 熱制御方法及びその装置

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3043381A1 (de) 1980-11-18 1982-06-03 Dornier System Gmbh, 7990 Friedrichshafen "beschichtung"
DE3217977A1 (de) 1982-05-13 1983-11-17 Bundesrepublik Deutschland, vertreten durch den Bundesminister der Verteidigung, dieser vertreten durch den Präsidenten des Bundesamtes für Wehrtechnik und Beschaffung, 5400 Koblenz Vorrichtung zur tarnung von objekten gegen eine aufklaerung durch waermebildgeraete
EP0123660A1 (fr) 1983-03-25 1984-10-31 Diab-Barracuda Ab Camouflage thermique et optique
EP0250742A1 (fr) 1986-04-25 1988-01-07 Dornier Gmbh Feuille transparente pour radar à réflexion infrarouge ajustable, à usage de camouflage

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2009112810A1 (fr) * 2008-03-12 2009-09-17 Qinetiq Limited Dispositif d'identification
GB2470543A (en) * 2008-03-12 2010-11-24 Qinetiq Ltd Identification device
GB2470543B (en) * 2008-03-12 2012-07-04 Qinetiq Ltd Identification method
EP3136142A1 (fr) * 2008-03-12 2017-03-01 QinetiQ Limited Dispositif d'identification
WO2013050727A3 (fr) * 2011-10-04 2013-06-13 Qinetiq Limited Film transparent aux infrarouges
WO2015003688A1 (fr) * 2013-07-11 2015-01-15 Krauss-Maffei Wegmann Gmbh & Co. Kg Blindage laser
WO2016189139A1 (fr) * 2015-05-27 2016-12-01 Thyssenkrupp Marine Systems Gmbh Véhicule à milieu porteur fluide à signature réduite
KR20180002082A (ko) * 2015-05-27 2018-01-05 티쎈크로프 마리네 지스템스 게엠베하 감소된 시그니처를 갖는 유체 비히클
KR102069962B1 (ko) 2015-05-27 2020-01-23 티쎈크로프 마리네 지스템스 게엠베하 감소된 시그니처를 갖는 유체 비히클

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1102028A3 (fr) 2003-10-01
DE19955609A1 (de) 2001-06-13
CA2326191A1 (fr) 2001-07-11
DE19955609B4 (de) 2004-09-16
US6753075B1 (en) 2004-06-22

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