EP1085598A2 - Réflecteur à surface déformable et à foyers spatialement séparés pour l'illumination de territoires identiques, système d'antenne et méthode pour la détermination de la surface - Google Patents

Réflecteur à surface déformable et à foyers spatialement séparés pour l'illumination de territoires identiques, système d'antenne et méthode pour la détermination de la surface Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1085598A2
EP1085598A2 EP00118245A EP00118245A EP1085598A2 EP 1085598 A2 EP1085598 A2 EP 1085598A2 EP 00118245 A EP00118245 A EP 00118245A EP 00118245 A EP00118245 A EP 00118245A EP 1085598 A2 EP1085598 A2 EP 1085598A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
reflector
foci
group
radiators
illumination area
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
EP00118245A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1085598A3 (fr
Inventor
Norbert Ratkorn
Michael Trümper
Christian Hunscher
Robert Sekora
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Airbus DS GmbH
Original Assignee
EADS Deutschland GmbH
Astrium GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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Application filed by EADS Deutschland GmbH, Astrium GmbH filed Critical EADS Deutschland GmbH
Priority to EP03005032A priority Critical patent/EP1321999A1/fr
Publication of EP1085598A2 publication Critical patent/EP1085598A2/fr
Publication of EP1085598A3 publication Critical patent/EP1085598A3/fr
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q25/00—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns
    • H01Q25/007—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns using two or more primary active elements in the focal region of a focusing device
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
    • H01Q15/14—Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures
    • H01Q15/147—Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures provided with means for controlling or monitoring the shape of the reflecting surface
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
    • H01Q19/12—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces wherein the surfaces are concave
    • H01Q19/17—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces wherein the surfaces are concave the primary radiating source comprising two or more radiating elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
    • H01Q19/18—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces having two or more spaced reflecting surfaces
    • H01Q19/19—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces having two or more spaced reflecting surfaces comprising one main concave reflecting surface associated with an auxiliary reflecting surface
    • H01Q19/195—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces having two or more spaced reflecting surfaces comprising one main concave reflecting surface associated with an auxiliary reflecting surface wherein a reflecting surface acts also as a polarisation filter or a polarising device

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a reflector for electromagnetic Waves with a specially shaped surface and an antenna system with one Shaped surface reflector.
  • Such reflectors with shaped surfaces are already known from the prior art.
  • EP 0 920 076 describes an antenna system with a shaped reflector Surface, being two beams, by separate emitters go out, be focused on two different illumination areas.
  • EP 0 915 529 describes the possibility of using a reflector with a shaped surface consisting of several beams of several emitters can be interconnected via a suitable distribution network, a single one To form beams that are aimed at a footprint.
  • US 4,298,877 describes a reflector with a shaped surface, which is used to focus two beams on two different receivers (satellites).
  • US 5,684,494 suggests focusing separate beams of different ones Polarization through a reflector arrangement consisting of two reflectors before, each of the reflectors is designed as a grid reflector and only for one of the polarization directions is effective.
  • the object of the present invention is therefore to provide a possibility which is a decoupled, bidirectional transmission of electromagnetic Waves allowed at maximum transferable amount of data.
  • Claim 9 comprises an antenna system which has a reflector according to the invention with shaped surface included. Also includes claim 13 a method for determining the surface shape of a reflector.
  • the surface of the reflector has a local shape on, which is designed such that the reflector at least one group has spatially separate foci and originating from this group of foci Beams through the reflector onto a common illumination area be judged.
  • the reflector can also have several groups of foci have, each from a group of foci emanating be directed through the reflector to a common illumination area.
  • the beam in the illumination area a certain, coincident Have dimensions that largely correspond to the shape of the illuminated area, for example, part of the earth's surface can be adapted.
  • the focus is on the focus on all foci, so that a receiver is basically arranged in each of the foci can be.
  • the directivity or focusing effect of the reflector is independent of the frequency or polarization of the beam.
  • a frequency selective Effect of the reflector provided, i.e. that there is a different spatial position of the foci for different frequencies or frequency bands or the spatial separation of the foci results in different Frequencies or frequency bands amplified. It will continue to do so the beams from a group of foci through the reflector directed to a common footprint, in the reverse However, direction is only focused per frequency or frequency band on one of the foci. A receiver for a specific frequency or a certain frequency band is therefore in the corresponding focus to arrange.
  • the reflector can be used on the one hand Beam bundles that emanate from a transmitter in a focus on the coverage area to direct, on the other hand, beams from the footprint going to aim at a recipient in one of the foci.
  • the transmitter and receiver are generally referred to as radiators become.
  • each radiator arranged in one of the foci Beams are directed through the reflector towards the illuminated area. Oppositely directed beams are focused on all foci. It the transmitting radiator can now also act as a receiver at the same time. Further Emitters in the other foci should then be on a different frequency operate. The reception of the beams focused on the foci also leads through radiators other than the actual receiver hardly any impairment of these other emitters, since on the one hand one frequency-specific tuning of the emitters and, on the other hand, the received power is usually far below the transmission power of the radiators.
  • a spotlight is arranged in a focus, who only as a transmitter on a certain frequency or in a certain Frequency band acts while another radiator is in another Focus is arranged, which is only used as a receiver for another frequency or another frequency band works.
  • a received beam is then only due to the frequency-selective effect of the reflector focused the receiver.
  • the individual electromagnetic beams have different polarization.
  • the different foci assigned beam bundles have identical polarization directions.
  • Reflector according to the invention thus has the advantage that for a decoupled Transmission of electromagnetic waves with any direction of polarization only a single reflector is required.
  • the invention Arrangement a greater simplicity and effectiveness than the state of the art.
  • the shaped surface of the reflector can now be designed such that the reflector has only two foci, so that electromagnetic beams, for example, beams of different frequencies or frequency bands, which emanate from two spatially separated emitters, which in the Foci are arranged to be directed to a common footprint.
  • the reflector structure is therefore only adjusted on two radiation sources.
  • the surface shape of the reflector can also be adapted so that the reflector has more than two foci, so that more than just two emitters can be used, the beams of which correspond to the corresponding ones Illumination areas to be focused.
  • Each of the individual groups can have two or more Include spotlights.
  • the individual emitters in a group can work with each other for example, each with a different frequency or frequency bands can be operated, however, the individual frequencies or frequency bands can be used in parallel in all groups. Of course it can too same frequencies are used for several radiators within a group, as already described above.
  • the reflector can have individual surface areas, each for a footprint and possibly also for a frequency or a frequency band are effective.
  • the entire reflector surface does not have to be designed so that they as a whole have the desired focusing effect for the individual beams. This is not necessarily so either complete illumination of the entire reflector by the individual Beam bundle required.
  • the illumination can rather be based on that for a certain coverage area and possibly for a certain frequency or a certain frequency band effective surface areas be restricted. This enables further optimization of the reflector surface for the individual frequencies or footprints.
  • the reflector can furthermore have surface areas which are to be achieved serve an isolation effect in areas that are the illuminated areas are neighboring.
  • Such an insulation effect serves to illuminate to be largely reduced to the individual illumination areas and in the Neighborhood of the illuminated areas, in particular also between the illuminated areas, possibly distracting scatter illuminations, e.g. by side clubs or cross-polar portions of the beam, largely reduced.
  • separate areas of the reflector surface for this purpose provided, so they can largely independent of the other surface areas of the reflector can be optimized to the desired To achieve the most ideal effect. It can be about this Purpose but also surface areas that are used simultaneously for neighboring footprints and, if necessary, other frequencies or frequency bands are effective.
  • the surface shape of the reflector can be designed, for example, that the surface of the reflector forms a plane or curved surface, this area is a local fine structure of elevations and depressions is superimposed.
  • the reflective effect of the reflector is thus on the one hand due to the global shape of the reflector surface (flat or curved) determined, on the other hand, the reflective effect with respect to the illuminated areas or isolation areas, possibly also for the individual frequencies or frequency bands, due to the local shape of the reflector surface be adjusted or optimized.
  • the local shape of the reflector surface can be similar to that of a fractal Structure, several levels of fine structures of different sizes exhibit.
  • the global surface structure is a first local one Surface structure of a first, smaller order superimposed, which in turn has a second local surface structure with a smaller one Order of magnitude is superimposed.
  • There may be other levels of local Structures are superimposed, each with decreasing orders of magnitude.
  • the present invention also includes an antenna system comprising a has reflector according to the invention with a shaped surface.
  • a such antenna system is at least one group of first and second Spotlights provided.
  • the first spotlights in a group are spatial arranged separately from the second emitters.
  • a first radiator and a second Stahler for the first group are each arranged in a focus of the reflector, so that the first and second emitters emanating from the first and second emitters be directed to a common footprint.
  • the first spotlight acts as a transmitter, the second emitter as a receiver. You get with it an antenna system that easily decouples, bidirectional Transmission of electromagnetic waves allowed.
  • the first Radiators for beams with a first frequency or a first frequency band is designed and the second emitter for beams with a second frequency different from the first frequency, or a second, frequency band different from the first frequency band is used.
  • a The application for this is, for example, the use of such an antenna system in communications engineering, with a first one for the direction of transmission Frequency or a first frequency band, one for the direction of reception second frequency or a second frequency band is used.
  • each of the first and second radiators and the structuring of the surface of the reflector are designed such that each of the spotlights illuminates the entire illuminated area. So it's one simplified arrangement provided that only one for a footprint Emitter for the direction of transmission, especially for a certain frequency or a specific frequency band, and only another Radiator as a receiver, especially for another frequency or a another frequency band. In principle, of course, more than two can also be used Spotlights can be provided, in particular it can be provided that each the radiator for a different frequency from the other radiators or different frequency band is designed.
  • Groups of individual radiators can be provided.
  • a first group is included provided first and second emitters, the beam of which is directed to a first Illumination area to be directed.
  • the individual emitters can in turn be designed for different frequencies or frequency bands.
  • Farther at least a second group of emitters is provided, the beam of which be directed to a second footprint, that of the first footprint is different.
  • the spotlights of the second group can also be designed for different frequencies or frequency bands, the individual groups can use the same frequencies or frequency bands.
  • more than just two groups of emitters can be used be provided. It will be the first and at least one more Group spatially separated from each other.
  • Each individual group includes at least two individual emitters.
  • a method for determining the surface structure of a reflector the has at least one group of spatially separate foci, the one of Group of foci outgoing electromagnetic rays through the Reflector aimed at a common footprint will be shown below described.
  • the method can be in the form of a simulation, for example with the help of a computer program or by repeated mechanical Deformation of a reflector take place.
  • the reflector for example parabolically curved
  • the reflective effect of the reflector such modified that for the position of the individual spotlights a rough directional effect whose beams are directed to the desired illumination area, i.e. it in a first, rough step, the formation of spatially separated foci Target location of the spotlights.
  • the Optimization takes place in such a way that the directivity of the emitters Beam on the common illumination area is improved, i.e. the formation of spatially separate foci optimized at the spotlight becomes.
  • This local structuring of the reflector surface can, if necessary further steps, each with a finer order of magnitude of the structures, iteratively be continued in order to achieve the best possible result. You get a kind of fractal structure of the reflector surface with different Structures in different sizes.
  • the spatial position can also be used in the aforementioned optimization steps the radiator and its orientation, i.e. its angle to each other and to the reflector, can be varied, creating the location and size of the emitter illuminated area of the reflector can be varied. Thereby can be ensured that a global optimum for the individual optimization steps is found.
  • the antenna system has a reflector with a shaped surface 1.
  • a Group 2 of emitters 4a, 4b is arranged so that they transmit the Reflector 1 at least partially illuminated.
  • the radiators 4a, 4b are included designed for different frequencies or frequency bands.
  • the emitters 4a, 4b are arranged spatially separated from one another.
  • the radiators 4a, 4b are arranged in two foci 10a, 10b of the reflector 1, so that beams 5a, 5b emanating from the emitters 4a, 4b the surface of the reflector 1 are reflected on a common Coverage area 3 are directed.
  • This footprint 3 can, for example when using the antenna system in a communication satellite are on the surface of the earth.
  • radiators work as transmitters, but only the radiator 4a should work as a transmitter, the radiator 4b, however, as receiver.
  • the associated beam 5b does not run in this case Spotlight 4b to the illumination area 3, but in the opposite direction.
  • the reflector 1 is by appropriate local shaping of the surface designed as a frequency-selective reflector, so that from the illuminated area 3 outgoing beams 5b focused only in that focus 10b in which the radiator 4b is arranged.
  • Fig. 2 illustrates the illumination of the surface 9 of the reflector with a shaped Surface 1 by several emitters.
  • the first group 2 comprising the radiators 4a, 4b, which is arranged in a first group of foci 10a, 10b of the reflector 1 the second group 20 is formed by the emitters 40a, 40b, which is arranged in a second group 110a, 110b by Foki.
  • the first Group 2 of emitters sends the beam 5a and receives the beam, 5b, the two beams 5a, 5b being different from one another Have frequencies or frequency bands.
  • the second group sends in the same way 20 of emitters receives the beam 50a and receives the beam 50b, which in turn are different frequencies or frequency bands exhibit.
  • beams 5a, 5b, 50a, 50b of the two can Groups 2, 20 of emitters have the same frequencies or frequency bands exhibit.
  • the beam 5a can be the same Frequency or the same frequency band as the beam 50a. The same applies to the two beams 5b and 50b.
  • the individual beams can have any polarization.
  • the steel bundles 5a, 5b can have the same polarization have, without this affecting the functionality of the system would.
  • the two groups of radiators 2, 20 are relative to the reflector 1 or arranged on its surface 9 that each of the emitters 4a, 4b, 40a, 40b mainly a certain surface area 6a, 6b, 60a, 60b of the reflector illuminates.
  • Each of these surface areas 6a, 6b, 60a, 60b is therefore almost exclusively for a specific illumination area 3a, 3b and for a specific frequency or a specific frequency band effective.
  • the reflector surface has a global shape, in the case of 1 shows a slightly parabolically curved surface. Additionally points the reflector surface 9 has a local shape, which is determined by local elevations and depressions of different sizes are formed. It are coarser elevations and depressions with a first order of magnitude further, finer elevations and depressions overlaid, the one have a smaller order of magnitude. These local surveys and in-depths can be found in particular in the structural areas 6a, 6b, 60a, 60b, those for the individual illumination areas 3a, 3b or the associated frequencies or frequency bands are effective.
  • FIG. 3 is an additional one Structural area 7 of the reflector surface 9 is shown, through which the Generation of a separate isolation area 8 can be effected.
  • This Isolation area serves to shade part of the earth's surface 12, as is clear from FIG. 4.
  • the structure area serves 6a to direct the beam 5a onto the associated illumination area 3a, which is also shown in Fig. 4.
  • the structure area 6b serves in addition, the beam 5b, which is from the associated illumination area 3a goes out to focus on the radiator 4b in focus 10b.
  • They serve analogously Structural areas 60a and 60b to the beam 50a to the second To direct illumination area 3b or the steel bundle 50b onto the radiator 60b.
  • a further insulation effect is necessary so that the beams that are directed at the Illumination areas 3a and 3b are directed, practically only the respective one Illuminate the illuminated area and not as far as the neighboring illuminated area range in which they could cause interference.
  • This isolation can also be done by adjusting the reflector surface accordingly, as already described above. Will be like this example the illumination of the illumination area 3a by the reflector areas 6a, 6b achieved, and there is a risk that scattered radiation also the coverage area 3b reached, e.g.
  • the reflector regions 60a, 60b additionally be adjusted to their effect described above so that the stray radiation 5a striking the reflector 1, which strikes the reflector regions 60a, 60b reached by this way on the illumination area 3b is directed to the stray radiation emitted by the reflector areas 6a, 6b falls on the illuminated area 3b, destructively interferes and so the effective scattered radiation in the illuminated area 3b becomes practically zero.
  • Analogue applies to the illumination of area 3b and the area caused by it Scattered radiation in the coverage area 3a.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
EP00118245A 1999-09-20 2000-09-04 Réflecteur à surface déformable et à foyers spatialement séparés pour l'illumination de territoires identiques, système d'antenne et méthode pour la détermination de la surface Ceased EP1085598A3 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP03005032A EP1321999A1 (fr) 1999-09-20 2000-09-04 Réflecteur à surface formée et à foyers spatialement séparés pour l'illumination de territoires identiques,et méthode pour la détermination de la surface

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19945062A DE19945062A1 (de) 1999-09-20 1999-09-20 Reflektor mit geformter Oberfläche und räumlich getrennten Foki zur Ausleuchtung identischer Gebiete, Antennensystem und Verfahren zur Oberflächenermittlung
DE19945062 1999-09-20

Related Child Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP03005032A Division EP1321999A1 (fr) 1999-09-20 2000-09-04 Réflecteur à surface formée et à foyers spatialement séparés pour l'illumination de territoires identiques,et méthode pour la détermination de la surface

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1085598A2 true EP1085598A2 (fr) 2001-03-21
EP1085598A3 EP1085598A3 (fr) 2002-07-31

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EP03005032A Ceased EP1321999A1 (fr) 1999-09-20 2000-09-04 Réflecteur à surface formée et à foyers spatialement séparés pour l'illumination de territoires identiques,et méthode pour la détermination de la surface
EP00118245A Ceased EP1085598A3 (fr) 1999-09-20 2000-09-04 Réflecteur à surface déformable et à foyers spatialement séparés pour l'illumination de territoires identiques, système d'antenne et méthode pour la détermination de la surface

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EP03005032A Ceased EP1321999A1 (fr) 1999-09-20 2000-09-04 Réflecteur à surface formée et à foyers spatialement séparés pour l'illumination de territoires identiques,et méthode pour la détermination de la surface

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US6255997B1 (fr)
EP (2) EP1321999A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP5220966B2 (fr)
CN (1) CN1289158A (fr)
CA (1) CA2317388C (fr)
DE (1) DE19945062A1 (fr)

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WO2007007011A2 (fr) * 2005-07-13 2007-01-18 Thales Antenne reseau a reflecteur(s) conforme(s), a forte reconfigurabilite en orbite

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FR2802381B1 (fr) * 1999-12-09 2002-05-31 Cit Alcatel Source rayonnante pour antenne d'emission et de reception destinee a etre installee a bord d'un satellite
US7595769B2 (en) 2006-02-28 2009-09-29 The Boeing Company Arbitrarily shaped deployable mesh reflectors
WO2013173251A2 (fr) 2012-05-13 2013-11-21 Invention Mine Llc Transmission sans fil avec perturbation d'état de canal
JP2014017708A (ja) * 2012-07-10 2014-01-30 Nippon Hoso Kyokai <Nhk> 空間合成アンテナ装置及び鏡面修整反射鏡の製造方法
JP2014165790A (ja) * 2013-02-27 2014-09-08 Nippon Hoso Kyokai <Nhk> 受信アンテナ装置及び鏡面修整反射鏡の製造方法
US10177896B2 (en) 2013-05-13 2019-01-08 Amir Keyvan Khandani Methods for training of full-duplex wireless systems
US9766345B2 (en) 2013-10-04 2017-09-19 Qualcomm Incorporated Low cost cableless ground station antenna for medium earth orbit satellite communication systems
US9236996B2 (en) 2013-11-30 2016-01-12 Amir Keyvan Khandani Wireless full-duplex system and method using sideband test signals
US9820311B2 (en) 2014-01-30 2017-11-14 Amir Keyvan Khandani Adapter and associated method for full-duplex wireless communication
WO2016054324A1 (fr) * 2014-10-02 2016-04-07 Viasat, Inc. Antenne à faisceaux multiples à réflecteur formé bifocal pour une communication simultanée avec de multiples satellites géostationnaires non colocalisés et procédé associé
US10122085B2 (en) * 2014-12-15 2018-11-06 The Boeing Company Feed re-pointing technique for multiple shaped beams reflector antennas
EP3278397A1 (fr) 2015-04-03 2018-02-07 Qualcomm Incorporated Antenne de station terrestre sans câble peu coûteuse pour des systèmes de communication par satellite en orbite terrestre moyenne
US10778295B2 (en) 2016-05-02 2020-09-15 Amir Keyvan Khandani Instantaneous beamforming exploiting user physical signatures
US10700766B2 (en) 2017-04-19 2020-06-30 Amir Keyvan Khandani Noise cancelling amplify-and-forward (in-band) relay with self-interference cancellation
US11212089B2 (en) 2017-10-04 2021-12-28 Amir Keyvan Khandani Methods for secure data storage
US11289819B2 (en) * 2017-12-28 2022-03-29 Raven Antenna Systems Inc. Multisat shaped reflector antenna
US11012144B2 (en) 2018-01-16 2021-05-18 Amir Keyvan Khandani System and methods for in-band relaying

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WO2007007011A2 (fr) * 2005-07-13 2007-01-18 Thales Antenne reseau a reflecteur(s) conforme(s), a forte reconfigurabilite en orbite
WO2007007011A3 (fr) * 2005-07-13 2007-07-19 Alcatel Lucent Antenne reseau a reflecteur(s) conforme(s), a forte reconfigurabilite en orbite
US7714792B2 (en) 2005-07-13 2010-05-11 Thales Array antenna with shaped reflector(s), highly reconfigurable in orbit

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US6255997B1 (en) 2001-07-03
EP1085598A3 (fr) 2002-07-31
CA2317388A1 (fr) 2001-03-20
JP2001127538A (ja) 2001-05-11
EP1321999A1 (fr) 2003-06-25
CA2317388C (fr) 2002-12-24
CN1289158A (zh) 2001-03-28
JP5220966B2 (ja) 2013-06-26
DE19945062A1 (de) 2001-04-12

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